内容正文:
仁爱英语九年级上册 Unit6 语法讲解及习题:
前缀en-、定语从句(Ⅱ)(关系代词who/whom)
第一部分 语法一:前缀 en-
知识点精讲
前缀en-可加在名词、形容词前构成动词,主要有两层含义:
1. 使…… 变得、使处于某种状态
large(adj.大的)→enlarge(v.放大);courage(n.勇气)→encourage(v.鼓励);able(adj.有能力的)→enable(v.使能够);rich(adj.丰富的)→enrich(v.丰富)
2. 使陷入某种境遇、颁布、施行
danger(n.危险)→endanger(v.危及);force(n.规章)→enforce(v.执行);act(法案)→enact(v.颁布法律)
补充:后缀-en同样具备 “使变得” 的含义;enjoy也归属于该构词体系。
例句
1. We can enlarge old photos of famous people to learn about their life stories.
我们可以放大伟人的老照片,了解他们的人生经历。
2. Excellent role models encourage teenagers to hold fast to their ideals.
优秀的榜样鼓励青少年坚守自己的理想。
3. Reading biographies can enrich our spiritual world.
阅读人物传记能够丰富我们的精神世界。
4. Years of research enabled Yuan Longping to develop hybrid rice.
长年的研究让袁隆平培育出杂交水稻。
5. Improper working habits will endanger medical workers’ health.
不良的工作习惯会给医务工作者的身体健康造成威胁。
en - 专项习题
一、单项选择
1. The new policy _________people to chase their dreams bravely.
A. encourages B. enlarges C. endangers D. enacts
2. Lin Qiaozhi’s efforts _________more women to receive medical treatment years ago.
A. enriched B. enabled C. enjoyed D. enforced
3. Reading books can _________our knowledge and open our eyes.
A. enrich B. enact C. endanger D. enlarge
4. Don’t drive too fast, or you will _________your own life.
A. enrich B. endanger C. enforce D. enable
5. The government _________strict rules to protect local heroes’ stories.
A. enacts B. enlarges C. enjoys D. enables
6. You can _________the photo so that we can see the old scientist clearly.
A. enrich B. enlarge C. endanger D. enact
7. Many teenagers _________reading stories about admirable heroes.
A. enjoy B. enforce C. enable D. enlarge
8. Constant practice _________students to master English well.
A. endangers B. enables C. enacts D. enriches
二、用括号内单词变形填空
9. The famous writer has _________(rich) traditional Chinese culture with his works.
10. Hard work _________(able) Yuan Longping to develop hybrid rice successfully.(一般过去时)
11. Teachers always _________(courage) us to learn from those great people.
12. Those rare old crafts will be _________(danger) without young inheritors.(被动语态)
13. The rules made last year are strictly _________(force) in every district.(被动语态)
三、选词填空,词:enact, enrich, endanger
14. Travelling can _________our life experience.
15. The country will _________new laws to protect historical records of national heroes.
16. Careless operation will _________the patients’ safety.
答案与解析
单选
1. A。encourage 意为鼓励,新政激励人们勇敢追梦。
2. B。enable 表示使能够,林巧稚的努力让更多女性获得医疗保障。
3. A。enrich 表示丰富,读书可以扩充知识储备。
4. B。endanger 意为危及,超速会威胁自身生命安全。
5. A。enact 指颁布,政府出台法规保护有关英雄的史料。
6. B。enlarge 意为放大,放大照片便能看清这位老科学家。
7. A。enjoy 表示喜爱,不少青少年喜欢阅读英雄事迹。
8. B。enable 使能够,坚持练习可以帮助学生学好英语。
词形填空
9. enriched。现在完成时,have 后接动词过去分词。
10. enabled。讲述过去发生的事,使用过去式。
11. encourage。主语为复数名词,谓语动词用原形。
12. endangered。被动结构 be done,含义 “遭到威胁”。
13. enforced。被动语态,规章制度被严格执行。
选词填空
14. enrich。旅行能够丰富人生阅历,情态动词 can 后接原形。
15. enact。will 后使用动词原形,指代颁布法案。
16. endanger。粗心操作会给患者安全带来隐患。
第二部分 语法二:定语从句(Ⅱ)关系代词 who /whom
知识点精讲
先行词指代人的时候,可以选用关系代词 who、whom,区分依据为单词在从句中充当的句子成分:
1. who:在定语从句中作主语;口语场景里也可以充当宾语,但介词提前置于关系代词前方时,不能使用 who。
2. whom:who 的宾格形式,仅可以在从句内部作宾语;介词提前,只能使用 whom。
例句
1. Yuan Longping is a great man who devotes all his life to rice research.
袁隆平是一位毕生投身水稻研究的伟人。(who 作从句主语)
2. Tu Youyou is a scientist whom countless people respect deeply.
屠呦呦是被无数人敬重的科学家。(whom 充当宾语,可替换为 who)
3. Einstein is a physicist about whom we have learned plenty of stories.
爱因斯坦是一位物理学家,我们了解许多关于他的故事。(介词 about 前置,只能用 whom)
who/whom 定语从句专项习题
一、单项选择题
17. The great scientist _________developed hybrid rice is Yuan Longping.
A. who B. whom C. which
18. This is the famous doctor _________many patients thanked deeply.
A. who/whom B. which C. whose
19. The heroine about _________we talked just now devoted herself to poor areas.
A. whom B. who C. which
20. People _________keep noble spirits deserve our respect.
A. whom B. who C. whose
21. The role model _________I look up to is Tu Youyou.
A. who/whom B. which C. what
22. Madame Curie, for _________the whole world shows great respect, won two Nobel Prizes.
A. whom B. who C. that
23. Anyone _________wants to learn from heroes can read this book.
A. who B. whom C. which
24. The ordinary hero _________we met yesterday works in community service.
A. who/whom B. whose C. where
25. The master with _________I chatted makes traditional Laizhou Brush.
A. whom B. who C. he
二、选出正确关系代词
26. Nightingale is a nurse (who / whom) brought modern nursing into the world.
27. This is the admirable person (who / whom) most teenagers take as their role model.
28. He is a thinker of (who / whom) all Chinese are proud.
三、句型改写,合并两个短句构成定语从句
29. Lin Qiaozhi was a famous doctor. She cared for lots of women patients.
30. The hero is an ordinary worker. We spoke of him last week.(介词 of 前置改写句子)
四、短文填空,选用 who、whom
Laizhou Brush is a traditional tool for writing Chinese characters and painting Chinese-style pictures. The masters of Laizhou Brush are the people (31)_________made the brush all their lives, and without (32)_________there could be no art of Laizhou Brush. Nowadays, there are very few young people (33)_________are interested in this ancient craft.
答案与解析
单选
17. A。从句缺少主语,先行词为人,选用 who。
18. A。关系代词在从句作宾语,who、whom 二者均可。
19. A。介词置于关系代词前面,只能使用 whom。
20. B。从句缺少主语,选择 who。
21. A。关系代词充当宾语,who 和 whom 都可以。
22. A。介词 for 提前,只能填写 whom。
23. A。先行词 anyone,从句作主语,固定使用 who。
24. A。关系代词在从句作宾语,两个单词通用。
25. A。介词 with 前置,必须使用宾格 whom。
圈选答案
26. who,关系代词在从句内部作主语。
27. who/whom,单词在从句充当宾语,两个选项全部成立。
28. whom,介词 of 放置在前,只能选用 whom。
句型改写
29. Lin Qiaozhi was a famous doctor who cared for lots of women patients.
解析:先行词为 doctor,关系代词在从句充当主语,用 who。
30. The hero of whom we spoke last week is an ordinary worker.
解析:介词 of 提前,定语从句只能使用 whom 引导。
短文填空
31. who,从句缺少主语,指代制笔匠人。
32. whom,介词 without 前置,选用宾格形式。
33. who,从句缺少主语,修饰先行词 young people。
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