Unit 4 复习讲义 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

本讲义聚焦初中英语宾语从句（语序、时态呼应）和被动语态（一般现在时、过去时）核心语法，系统梳理核心词汇（invention, produce等）的词族拓展、用法及辨析，搭配be made of/from/in等短语，构建从语法规则到词汇运用再到中考题型的学习支架。 资料通过分层练习（语法巩固、综合训练、中考专练）提升语言能力，词汇辨析与词族拓展培养思维品质，核心句式与中考题型强化学习能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生通过练习查漏补缺，巩固知识。

注意：疑问词在从句中作主语时，语序不变：I don't know who came yesterday. 三、宾语从句的时态呼应 例外：客观真理永远用一般现在时：The teacher said the earth is round. ✏️ 语法巩固练习 📝 练习：将下列句子改为宾语从句 1 "Where does she live?" → I want to know ______. 2 "What does he want?" → Can you tell me ______? 3 "When will the lecture start?" → I wonder ______. 4 "How do you memorize words?" → Please tell me ______. 5 "Why is he late?" → I don't understand ______. 【参考答案】 1. where she lives（陈述语序）2. what he wants（陈述语序）3. when the lecture will start（陈述语序）4. how you memorize words（陈述语序）5. why he is late（陈述语序） 🔗 核心句式 I don't know / I wonder + 疑问词 + 陈述句 — 我不知道/想知道…… I wonder how memory works. 我想知道记忆是如何运作的。 It is likely that ... — 很可能…… It is likely that you will forget it. 你很可能会忘记它。 The best way to do sth. is to ... — 做……最好的方法是…… The best way to improve memory is to link new knowledge with old. 提高记忆最好的方法是将新旧知识关联。 divide sth. into ... — 把某物分成…… Divide the passage into three parts. 把文章分成三部分。 📝 综合训练 📝 练习一：单项选择 1 Can you tell me ______? A. where is the library　B. where the library is　C. where was the library　D. where the library was 2 I don't know ______ he will come. A. what　B. that　C. if　D. which 3 The teacher asked me ______ I had finished. A. what　B. whether　C. that　D. which 4 I wonder ______ to improve my memory. A. how　B. what　C. that　D. which 【参考答案】 1. B（陈述语序）2. C（if = 是否）3. B（whether = 是否）4. A（how = 如何） 🏆 中考题型专练 📝 任务型阅读（中考题型） Memory works like a chain. New knowledge is best remembered by linking it with old knowledge. Short-term memory lasts only a few seconds, while long-term memory can last a lifetime. To boost memory, you can use images, divide information into groups, and repeat regularly. However, there is no one-size-fits-all technique. Different methods work for different people. 1 What is memory compared to? 2 How is new knowledge best remembered? 3 How long does short-term memory last? 4 What can you do to boost memory? (Name two ways) 5 Is there a one-size-fits-all technique? 【参考答案】 1. A chain.2. By linking it with old knowledge.3. A few seconds.4. Use images, divide information into groups, repeat regularly (any two).5. No, there isn't. 📝 词语运用（中考题型） 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。 memorize　effective　boost　technique　divide　stable　likely To improve your memory, try different 1.______. First, 2.______ your study time into short periods. This can 3.______ your memory. Using images is also 4.______. You are more 5.______ to remember things with pictures. Keep practicing, and your memory will become more 6.______. Don't just 7.______ words; understand them. 【参考答案】 1. techniques2. divide3. boost4. effective5. likely6. stable7. memorize UNIT 5 / Power of Ideas Big Question: How do ideas change the world? 📖 课文梳理：From Idea to Reality（从想法到现实） 主旨：介绍几项改变世界的伟大发明——相机、笔记本电脑、3D打印机——展示"想法"如何变为现实产品，强调发明家的责任感与创造力。 结构：①引言（每个伟大发明都始于一个想法）→ ②相机（记录世界）→ ③笔记本电脑（便携计算）→ ④3D打印（制造革命）→ ⑤结论（好的发明让生活更美好） Section B 写作范文：My Favorite Invention — 学生介绍智能手机如何改变日常生活（通讯、学习、娱乐），并思考合理使用。 inventioncameralaptopproduceplasticpassive voiceis made ofresponsiblerapid 词汇精讲 核心词汇 /ɪnˈvenʃn/ 发明；发明物 词族拓展： inventv.发明Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 贝尔于1876年发明了电话。 inventorn.发明家Edison was a great inventor with over 1,000 patents. 爱迪生是一位拥有千余项专利的伟大发明家。 inventiveadj.有创造力的She has an inventive mind full of new ideas. 她有着充满新创意的创造性头脑。 用法：invention 指"发明的东西"（可数），也可指"发明行为"（不可数）。 辨析：invention = 创造出前所未有的东西；discovery = 发现已存在但未知的事物。 Edison's invention of the light bulb changed the world. 爱迪生发明灯泡改变了世界。 The invention of the Internet has changed how we communicate. 互联网的发明改变了我们的交流方式。 /prəˈdjuːs/ 生产；制造 词族拓展： productn.产品This product is popular among teenagers. 这款产品在青少年中很受欢迎。 productionn.生产The factory increased production by 30%. 工厂将产量提高了30%。 producern.生产者；制片人He is a famous film producer in Hollywood. 他是好莱坞著名的电影制片人。 productiveadj.多产的It was a very productive afternoon. 这是一个很有成效的下午。 用法：produce 指通过劳动或工业过程制造产品，也可指"导致、引起"。 辨析：produce 强调生产过程；make 泛指制造；create 强调创造力。 The factory produces 1,000 cars per month. 这家工厂每月生产1000辆汽车。 This region is known for producing high-quality tea. 这个地区以出产优质茶叶而闻名。 /ˈplæstɪk/ 塑料；塑料的 词族拓展： plasticsn.塑料制品Recycling plastics helps protect the environment. 回收塑料制品有助于保护环境。 plasticityn.可塑性Children's brains have high plasticity. 儿童的大脑具有很高的可塑性。 用法：作不可数名词指"塑料"这种材料；作可数名词指"塑料制品"。作形容词表示"塑料的"或"可塑的"。 环保话题：plastic pollution（塑料污染）、reduce plastic use（减少塑料使用）。 These bottles are made of plastic. 这些瓶子是塑料做的。 We should reduce the use of plastic bags to protect the environment. 我们应该减少塑料袋的使用以保护环境。 /kəmˈpliːt/ 完成；完整的 词族拓展： completelyadv.完全地I completely agree with your idea. 我完全同意你的想法。 completionn.完成The project is nearing completion. 项目即将完工。 incompleteadj.不完整的The data we have is still incomplete. 我们掌握的数据仍然不完整。 用法：作动词表示"完成"（比 finish 更正式）；作形容词表示"完整的、彻底的"。 辨析：complete 侧重"使之完整"；finish 侧重"结束动作"。 The bridge was completed in 2020. 这座桥于2020年完工。 The new library will be completed next year. 新图书馆将于明年完工。 /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ 有责任的；负责的 词族拓展： responsibilityn.责任Taking responsibility for your actions is important. 对自己的行为负责很重要。 responsiblyadv.负责任地Please use the Internet responsibly. 请负责任地使用互联网。 responsen.回应We received a quick response from the company. 我们收到了公司的快速回复。 用法：be responsible for sth./doing sth. = 对……负责 辨析：responsible 强调"有责任感的"；in charge of 强调"掌管、主管"。 Scientists must be responsible for the effects of their inventions. 科学家必须对其发明的后果负责。 Who is responsible for this project? 谁负责这个项目？ /ˈræpɪd/ 迅速的；快速的 词族拓展： rapidlyadv.迅速地The city is growing rapidly. 这座城市正在迅速发展。 rapidityn.迅速The rapidity of technological change is astonishing. 技术变革的速度令人惊叹。 用法：rapid 比 fast 更正式，常用于书面语，修饰发展、变化等抽象名词。 辨析：rapid 侧重"急速的"（发展、变化）；fast 侧重"速度快的"（运动）；quick 侧重"时间短的"（动作）。 The rapid development of technology has changed our lives. 科技的快速发展改变了我们的生活。 /ˈkæmərə/ 照相机；摄影机 词族拓展： cameramann.摄影师The cameraman filmed the entire event. 摄影师拍摄了整个活动。 camcordern.摄像机She bought a new camcorder for the trip. 她为旅行买了一台新摄像机。 用法：digital camera（数码相机）、security camera（监控摄像头）。 take a photo with a camera = 用相机拍照 The first camera was invented in the 19th century. 第一台相机发明于19世纪。 /ˈlæptɒp/ 笔记本电脑 词源：lap（膝盖）+ top（上面）= 放在膝盖上的电脑 = 笔记本电脑。 辨析：laptop = 笔记本电脑；desktop = 台式电脑；tablet = 平板电脑。 She brought her laptop to the meeting to show the presentation. 她带着笔记本电脑来开会以展示演示文稿。 /ˈprɪntə/ 打印机；印刷工 词族拓展： printv.打印Can you print this document for me? 你能帮我打印这份文件吗？ printableadj.可打印的These coupons are printable from the website. 这些优惠券可以从网站上打印。 3D printern.3D打印机A 3D printer can create solid objects layer by layer. 3D打印机可以逐层创建实体物品。 用法：3D printer（3D打印机）是本单元核心话题之一，能"打印"出立体的塑料、金属物品。 A 3D printer can produce objects layer by layer. 3D打印机可以逐层制造物体。 /ˈbenɪfɪt/ 益处；受益 词族拓展： beneficialadj.有益的Eating vegetables is beneficial to your health. 吃蔬菜对你的健康有益。 beneficiallyadv.有益地The policy beneficially affected local farmers. 这项政策有益地影响了当地农民。 用法：benefit from sth. = 从……中受益；for the benefit of = 为了……的利益。 辨析：benefit 强调"获得好处"；profit 强调"获得利润"（经济层面）。 Many people benefit from this new technology. 许多人从这项新技术中受益。 /məˈtɪəriəl/ 材料；原料 用法：可数名词，指制造物品的原材料。building materials（建筑材料）、raw materials（原材料）。 辨析：material 指物理材料；matter 指物质（物理学）。 These shoes are made from recycled materials. 这些鞋子是用回收材料制成的。 ✏️ 词汇练习 The ______ ______ (invent) of the telephone changed the way people communicate. This factory ______ ______ (produce) 500 cars every month. We should be ______ ______ (responsibility) for our own actions. The bridge was ______ ______ (complete) in two years. The ______ ______ (rapid) of technological change is amazing. ✏️ 词汇运用（选词填空） The 3D printer uses special ______ to build objects. Everyone should take ______ for protecting the environment. The ______ of the wheel was one of the most important in human history. Using too many ______ bags causes serious pollution. Students can ______ a lot from reading extensively. 从方框中选择合适的词，用正确形式填空：invention / produce / plastic / responsible / material / benefit ✏️ 词汇练习三：单项选择 This camera is ______ in Japan. ______ (make / made / making)A. made　B. make　C. making　D. makes The ______ of the internet changed the world. ______ (invent)A. invent　B. invention　C. inventor　D. inventive Everyone should be ______ for protecting the environment.A. responsibility　B. responsible　C. respond　D. responsibly Paper is ______ from wood.A. made of　B. made from　C. made in　D. made by The bridge was ______ in two years.A. complete　B. completed　C. completing　D. completion 【参考答案】 1. A（被动语态 is made）2. B（invention 名词）3. B（responsible 形容词）4. B（made from 看不出原材料）5. B（completed 被动） 短语详解 be made of / be made from / be made in be made of = 由……制成（能看出原材料，物理变化） be made from = 由……制成（看不出原材料，化学变化） be made in = 在……制造（接地点） 辨析：The desk is made of wood.（看得到木头）/ Paper is made from wood.（看不到木头）/ This car is made in China.（产地） This bridge is made of steel and concrete. 这座桥由钢和混凝土制成。 be used for / be used as / be used by be used for = 被用来做……（接用途，for + doing/noun） be used as = 被当作……使用（接身份/角色） be used by = 被……使用（接使用者） 注意：被动语态"be + 过去分词"的常见搭配。 The room is used for storing old books. 这个房间用来存放旧书。 come true come true = （梦想、愿望）实现、成真 注意：主语通常是 dream / wish / hope，不用被动语态。 辨析：realize one's dream = 实现某人的梦想（主动，主语是人）；one's dream comes true（主语是 dream）。 His dream of becoming an inventor has come true. 他成为发明家的梦想实现了。 change the world change the world = 改变世界 搭配：change sth. into sth. = 把……变成……；change one's mind = 改变主意 辨析：change 强调"本质变化"；turn 侧重"形态转变"；exchange 侧重"交换"。 Great inventions have changed the world in many ways. 伟大的发明在很多方面改变了世界。 be filled with be filled with = 充满……（状态） 辨析：be filled with = be full of（两者可互换，但 filled with 更强调"被装满"的动作结果）。 注意：fill sth. with sth.（主动）；be filled with（被动/状态）。 The exhibition hall was filled with new inventions. 展览大厅里充满了新发明。 take place take place = 发生；举行（无被动语态） 辨析：take place 指有计划、有安排的发生（会议、比赛等）；happen 指偶然发生（事故等）；break out 指突然爆发（战争、火灾）。 注意：take place 不能用被动语态。 The invention exhibition will take place next month. 发明展览会将于下月举行。 短语巩固练习 ✏️ 练习一：用方框中短语的适当形式填空 The exhibition will ______ next month in Shanghai. His dream of becoming an inventor has ______. Glass is ______ sand and other materials. This room is ______ storing old books. The hall was ______ with excited visitors. Great inventions have ______ in many ways. be made of / from / in　be used for / as / by　come true　change the world　be filled with　take place 【参考答案】 1. take place2. come true3. made from4. used for5. filled with6. changed the world ✏️ 练习二：单项选择 This desk is ______ wood.A. made of　B. made from　C. made in　D. made by Paper ______ wood.A. is made of　B. is made from　C. is made in　D. is made by English ______ a second language in India.A. is used for　B. is used as　C. is used by　D. used to His dream has ______.A. come true　B. come out　C. come on　D. come in The basket is ______ apples.A. fill with　B. filled with　C. full with　D. filling of 【参考答案】 1. A（made of 看得到原材料）2. B（made from 看不到原材料）3. B（used as 被当作）4. A（come true 实现）5. B（be filled with 充满） 语法精讲 一、被动语态——一般现在时 核心规则：当我们不知道动作的执行者，或想强调动作的承受者时，使用被动语态。一般现在时被动语态 = am/is/are + 过去分词。 ⚠️ 注意：①不及物动词没有被动语态（如 happen, take place, come true）；②主动句变被动句时，宾语变主语，主语变 by 短语（可省略）。 例：The bridge is repaired every year. 这座桥每年都被修缮。 二、被动语态——一般过去时 核心规则：一般过去时被动语态 = was/were + 过去分词。主语是单数用 was，复数用 were。 ⚠️ 注意：by 短语中的人称代词用宾格（by him, by them）。如果动作执行者不重要或未知，by 短语可省略。 例：The first computer was built in 1946. 第一台计算机于1946年建造。 三、主动变被动的步骤 口诀：宾变主，主变宾，动词变 be 加分词，by 短语跟在后。 ⚠️ 注意：①带双宾语的动词（give, show, tell 等）可有两种被动形式；②使役动词 make/let 和感官动词 see/watch 在主动句中接不带 to 的不定式，但变被动后要还原 to。 ✏️ 语法练习（被动语态） The bridge ______ ______ (build) in 1998. English ______ ______ (speak) all over the world. These cars ______ ______ (produce) in Germany. The light bulb ______ ______ (invent) by Thomas Edison. The work ______ ______ (finish) yesterday. Rice ______ ______ (grow) in the south of China. The window ______ ______ (break) by a stone. This song ______ ______ (write) by a young composer. 核心句式 ... be made of / from / in ... — ……由……制成 / 在……制造 This table is made of wood. 这张桌子是木头做的。 Paper is made from wood. 纸是由木材制成的。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 注意：疑问词在从句中作主语时，语序不变：I don't know who came yesterday. 三、宾语从句的时态呼应 例外：客观真理永远用一般现在时：The teacher said the earth is round. ✏️ 语法巩固练习 📝 练习：将下列句子改为宾语从句 1 "Where does she live?" → I want to know ______. 2 "What does he want?" → Can you tell me ______? 3 "When will the lecture start?" → I wonder ______. 4 "How do you memorize words?" → Please tell me ______. 5 "Why is he late?" → I don't understand ______. 🔗 核心句式 I don't know / I wonder + 疑问词 + 陈述句 — 我不知道/想知道…… I wonder how memory works. 我想知道记忆是如何运作的。 It is likely that ... — 很可能…… It is likely that you will forget it. 你很可能会忘记它。 The best way to do sth. is to ... — 做……最好的方法是…… The best way to improve memory is to link new knowledge with old. 提高记忆最好的方法是将新旧知识关联。 divide sth. into ... — 把某物分成…… Divide the passage into three parts. 把文章分成三部分。 📝 综合训练 📝 练习一：单项选择 1 Can you tell me ______? A. where is the library　B. where the library is　C. where was the library　D. where the library was 2 I don't know ______ he will come. A. what　B. that　C. if　D. which 3 The teacher asked me ______ I had finished. A. what　B. whether　C. that　D. which 4 I wonder ______ to improve my memory. A. how　B. what　C. that　D. which 🏆 中考题型专练 📝 任务型阅读（中考题型） Memory works like a chain. New knowledge is best remembered by linking it with old knowledge. Short-term memory lasts only a few seconds, while long-term memory can last a lifetime. To boost memory, you can use images, divide information into groups, and repeat regularly. However, there is no one-size-fits-all technique. Different methods work for different people. 1 What is memory compared to? 2 How is new knowledge best remembered? 3 How long does short-term memory last? 4 What can you do to boost memory? (Name two ways) 5 Is there a one-size-fits-all technique? 📝 词语运用（中考题型） 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。 memorize　effective　boost　technique　divide　stable　likely To improve your memory, try different 1.______. First, 2.______ your study time into short periods. This can 3.______ your memory. Using images is also 4.______. You are more 5.______ to remember things with pictures. Keep practicing, and your memory will become more 6.______. Don't just 7.______ words; understand them. UNIT 5 / Power of Ideas Big Question: How do ideas change the world? 📖 课文梳理：From Idea to Reality（从想法到现实） 主旨：介绍几项改变世界的伟大发明——相机、笔记本电脑、3D打印机——展示"想法"如何变为现实产品，强调发明家的责任感与创造力。 结构：①引言（每个伟大发明都始于一个想法）→ ②相机（记录世界）→ ③笔记本电脑（便携计算）→ ④3D打印（制造革命）→ ⑤结论（好的发明让生活更美好） Section B 写作范文：My Favorite Invention — 学生介绍智能手机如何改变日常生活（通讯、学习、娱乐），并思考合理使用。 inventioncameralaptopproduceplasticpassive voiceis made ofresponsiblerapid 词汇精讲 核心词汇 /ɪnˈvenʃn/ 发明；发明物 词族拓展： inventv.发明Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 贝尔于1876年发明了电话。 inventorn.发明家Edison was a great inventor with over 1,000 patents. 爱迪生是一位拥有千余项专利的伟大发明家。 inventiveadj.有创造力的She has an inventive mind full of new ideas. 她有着充满新创意的创造性头脑。 用法：invention 指"发明的东西"（可数），也可指"发明行为"（不可数）。 辨析：invention = 创造出前所未有的东西；discovery = 发现已存在但未知的事物。 Edison's invention of the light bulb changed the world. 爱迪生发明灯泡改变了世界。 The invention of the Internet has changed how we communicate. 互联网的发明改变了我们的交流方式。 /prəˈdjuːs/ 生产；制造 词族拓展： productn.产品This product is popular among teenagers. 这款产品在青少年中很受欢迎。 productionn.生产The factory increased production by 30%. 工厂将产量提高了30%。 producern.生产者；制片人He is a famous film producer in Hollywood. 他是好莱坞著名的电影制片人。 productiveadj.多产的It was a very productive afternoon. 这是一个很有成效的下午。 用法：produce 指通过劳动或工业过程制造产品，也可指"导致、引起"。 辨析：produce 强调生产过程；make 泛指制造；create 强调创造力。 The factory produces 1,000 cars per month. 这家工厂每月生产1000辆汽车。 This region is known for producing high-quality tea. 这个地区以出产优质茶叶而闻名。 /ˈplæstɪk/ 塑料；塑料的 词族拓展： plasticsn.塑料制品Recycling plastics helps protect the environment. 回收塑料制品有助于保护环境。 plasticityn.可塑性Children's brains have high plasticity. 儿童的大脑具有很高的可塑性。 用法：作不可数名词指"塑料"这种材料；作可数名词指"塑料制品"。作形容词表示"塑料的"或"可塑的"。 环保话题：plastic pollution（塑料污染）、reduce plastic use（减少塑料使用）。 These bottles are made of plastic. 这些瓶子是塑料做的。 We should reduce the use of plastic bags to protect the environment. 我们应该减少塑料袋的使用以保护环境。 /kəmˈpliːt/ 完成；完整的 词族拓展： completelyadv.完全地I completely agree with your idea. 我完全同意你的想法。 completionn.完成The project is nearing completion. 项目即将完工。 incompleteadj.不完整的The data we have is still incomplete. 我们掌握的数据仍然不完整。 用法：作动词表示"完成"（比 finish 更正式）；作形容词表示"完整的、彻底的"。 辨析：complete 侧重"使之完整"；finish 侧重"结束动作"。 The bridge was completed in 2020. 这座桥于2020年完工。 The new library will be completed next year. 新图书馆将于明年完工。 /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ 有责任的；负责的 词族拓展： responsibilityn.责任Taking responsibility for your actions is important. 对自己的行为负责很重要。 responsiblyadv.负责任地Please use the Internet responsibly. 请负责任地使用互联网。 responsen.回应We received a quick response from the company. 我们收到了公司的快速回复。 用法：be responsible for sth./doing sth. = 对……负责 辨析：responsible 强调"有责任感的"；in charge of 强调"掌管、主管"。 Scientists must be responsible for the effects of their inventions. 科学家必须对其发明的后果负责。 Who is responsible for this project? 谁负责这个项目？ /ˈræpɪd/ 迅速的；快速的 词族拓展： rapidlyadv.迅速地The city is growing rapidly. 这座城市正在迅速发展。 rapidityn.迅速The rapidity of technological change is astonishing. 技术变革的速度令人惊叹。 用法：rapid 比 fast 更正式，常用于书面语，修饰发展、变化等抽象名词。 辨析：rapid 侧重"急速的"（发展、变化）；fast 侧重"速度快的"（运动）；quick 侧重"时间短的"（动作）。 The rapid development of technology has changed our lives. 科技的快速发展改变了我们的生活。 /ˈkæmərə/ 照相机；摄影机 词族拓展： cameramann.摄影师The cameraman filmed the entire event. 摄影师拍摄了整个活动。 camcordern.摄像机She bought a new camcorder for the trip. 她为旅行买了一台新摄像机。 用法：digital camera（数码相机）、security camera（监控摄像头）。 take a photo with a camera = 用相机拍照 The first camera was invented in the 19th century. 第一台相机发明于19世纪。 /ˈlæptɒp/ 笔记本电脑 词源：lap（膝盖）+ top（上面）= 放在膝盖上的电脑 = 笔记本电脑。 辨析：laptop = 笔记本电脑；desktop = 台式电脑；tablet = 平板电脑。 She brought her laptop to the meeting to show the presentation. 她带着笔记本电脑来开会以展示演示文稿。 /ˈprɪntə/ 打印机；印刷工 词族拓展： printv.打印Can you print this document for me? 你能帮我打印这份文件吗？ printableadj.可打印的These coupons are printable from the website. 这些优惠券可以从网站上打印。 3D printern.3D打印机A 3D printer can create solid objects layer by layer. 3D打印机可以逐层创建实体物品。 用法：3D printer（3D打印机）是本单元核心话题之一，能"打印"出立体的塑料、金属物品。 A 3D printer can produce objects layer by layer. 3D打印机可以逐层制造物体。 /ˈbenɪfɪt/ 益处；受益 词族拓展： beneficialadj.有益的Eating vegetables is beneficial to your health. 吃蔬菜对你的健康有益。 beneficiallyadv.有益地The policy beneficially affected local farmers. 这项政策有益地影响了当地农民。 用法：benefit from sth. = 从……中受益；for the benefit of = 为了……的利益。 辨析：benefit 强调"获得好处"；profit 强调"获得利润"（经济层面）。 Many people benefit from this new technology. 许多人从这项新技术中受益。 /məˈtɪəriəl/ 材料；原料 用法：可数名词，指制造物品的原材料。building materials（建筑材料）、raw materials（原材料）。 辨析：material 指物理材料；matter 指物质（物理学）。 These shoes are made from recycled materials. 这些鞋子是用回收材料制成的。 ✏️ 词汇练习 The ______ ______ (invent) of the telephone changed the way people communicate. This factory ______ ______ (produce) 500 cars every month. We should be ______ ______ (responsibility) for our own actions. The bridge was ______ ______ (complete) in two years. The ______ ______ (rapid) of technological change is amazing. ✏️ 词汇运用（选词填空） The 3D printer uses special ______ to build objects. Everyone should take ______ for protecting the environment. The ______ of the wheel was one of the most important in human history. Using too many ______ bags causes serious pollution. Students can ______ a lot from reading extensively. 从方框中选择合适的词，用正确形式填空：invention / produce / plastic / responsible / material / benefit ✏️ 词汇练习三：单项选择 This camera is ______ in Japan. ______ (make / made / making)A. made　B. make　C. making　D. makes The ______ of the internet changed the world. ______ (invent)A. invent　B. invention　C. inventor　D. inventive Everyone should be ______ for protecting the environment.A. responsibility　B. responsible　C. respond　D. responsibly Paper is ______ from wood.A. made of　B. made from　C. made in　D. made by The bridge was ______ in two years.A. complete　B. completed　C. completing　D. completion 短语详解 be made of / be made from / be made in be made of = 由……制成（能看出原材料，物理变化） be made from = 由……制成（看不出原材料，化学变化） be made in = 在……制造（接地点） 辨析：The desk is made of wood.（看得到木头）/ Paper is made from wood.（看不到木头）/ This car is made in China.（产地） This bridge is made of steel and concrete. 这座桥由钢和混凝土制成。 be used for / be used as / be used by be used for = 被用来做……（接用途，for + doing/noun） be used as = 被当作……使用（接身份/角色） be used by = 被……使用（接使用者） 注意：被动语态"be + 过去分词"的常见搭配。 The room is used for storing old books. 这个房间用来存放旧书。 come true come true = （梦想、愿望）实现、成真 注意：主语通常是 dream / wish / hope，不用被动语态。 辨析：realize one's dream = 实现某人的梦想（主动，主语是人）；one's dream comes true（主语是 dream）。 His dream of becoming an inventor has come true. 他成为发明家的梦想实现了。 change the world change the world = 改变世界 搭配：change sth. into sth. = 把……变成……；change one's mind = 改变主意 辨析：change 强调"本质变化"；turn 侧重"形态转变"；exchange 侧重"交换"。 Great inventions have changed the world in many ways. 伟大的发明在很多方面改变了世界。 be filled with be filled with = 充满……（状态） 辨析：be filled with = be full of（两者可互换，但 filled with 更强调"被装满"的动作结果）。 注意：fill sth. with sth.（主动）；be filled with（被动/状态）。 The exhibition hall was filled with new inventions. 展览大厅里充满了新发明。 take place take place = 发生；举行（无被动语态） 辨析：take place 指有计划、有安排的发生（会议、比赛等）；happen 指偶然发生（事故等）；break out 指突然爆发（战争、火灾）。 注意：take place 不能用被动语态。 The invention exhibition will take place next month. 发明展览会将于下月举行。 短语巩固练习 ✏️ 练习一：用方框中短语的适当形式填空 The exhibition will ______ next month in Shanghai. His dream of becoming an inventor has ______. Glass is ______ sand and other materials. This room is ______ storing old books. The hall was ______ with excited visitors. Great inventions have ______ in many ways. be made of / from / in　be used for / as / by　come true　change the world　be filled with　take place ✏️ 练习二：单项选择 This desk is ______ wood.A. made of　B. made from　C. made in　D. made by Paper ______ wood.A. is made of　B. is made from　C. is made in　D. is made by English ______ a second language in India.A. is used for　B. is used as　C. is used by　D. used to His dream has ______.A. come true　B. come out　C. come on　D. come in The basket is ______ apples.A. fill with　B. filled with　C. full with　D. filling of 语法精讲 一、被动语态——一般现在时 核心规则：当我们不知道动作的执行者，或想强调动作的承受者时，使用被动语态。一般现在时被动语态 = am/is/are + 过去分词。 ⚠️ 注意：①不及物动词没有被动语态（如 happen, take place, come true）；②主动句变被动句时，宾语变主语，主语变 by 短语（可省略）。 例：The bridge is repaired every year. 这座桥每年都被修缮。 二、被动语态——一般过去时 核心规则：一般过去时被动语态 = was/were + 过去分词。主语是单数用 was，复数用 were。 ⚠️ 注意：by 短语中的人称代词用宾格（by him, by them）。如果动作执行者不重要或未知，by 短语可省略。 例：The first computer was built in 1946. 第一台计算机于1946年建造。 三、主动变被动的步骤 口诀：宾变主，主变宾，动词变 be 加分词，by 短语跟在后。 ⚠️ 注意：①带双宾语的动词（give, show, tell 等）可有两种被动形式；②使役动词 make/let 和感官动词 see/watch 在主动句中接不带 to 的不定式，但变被动后要还原 to。 ✏️ 语法练习（被动语态） The bridge ______ ______ (build) in 1998. English ______ ______ (speak) all over the world. These cars ______ ______ (produce) in Germany. The light bulb ______ ______ (invent) by Thomas Edison. The work ______ ______ (finish) yesterday. Rice ______ ______ (grow) in the south of China. The window ______ ______ (break) by a stone. This song ______ ______ (write) by a young composer. 核心句式 ... be made of / from / in ... — ……由……制成 / 在……制造 This table is made of wood. 这张桌子是木头做的。 Paper is made from wood. 纸是由木材制成的。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $