考点06 动词不定式（八上预习讲义）-2026年暑假七升八英语难点梳理+精准提优专练（仁爱科普版）

考点06 动词不定式 考｜点｜梳｜理 1.不定式的概念及特点 非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）三类，它们没有人称和数的变化，但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式上的变化，还可以有自己的宾语和状语。 动词不定式的基本构成形式：“to+动词原形”。 (1)肯定式：to + 动词原形 It’s nice to meet you. (2)否定式：not to + 动词原形 He told me not to leave this room(to是不定式符号，无意义，有时可以不带) 2.不定式的时态和语态 种类 时态 主动形式及意义 被动形式及意义 不定式 一般式 to do 将要发生或与谓语动作同时发生 to be done 被动、将来 进行式 to be doing 谓语发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生 完成式 to have done发生在谓语动词的动作之前 to have been done被动、发生在谓语动词的动作之前 考点一 动词不定式的用法 1.作主语 1. 不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(对比：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为) 2. 不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。 3. 常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构； 4.It takes sb. time to do sth.等。 例1：To succeed calls for hard work. 成功需要付出艰辛的劳动。 例2：It’s not easy to find your way around the small town.在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。 【名师提醒】 1. 不定式作主语时，相当于名词或代词，谓语动词用单数形式。 2. “赞扬，责备”的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless，honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude等。 3. 以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful等用for sb作逻辑主语。 2.不定式作宾语 ①有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。 如： Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？ ②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day. 口诀 动词 希望学会想决心 hope/wish/expect, learn, want, tend, decide/determine 设法拒绝愿假装 manage, refuse, care, pretend 主动承诺选计划 offer, promise, choose, plan 请求同意来帮忙 ask/beg, agree , help 3. 作宾语补足语 see类动词(不定式作宾补省to): 巧记--让美克注意听听看看这块表有的感觉-- let, make, notice, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel。 例1. He made his workers work 12 hours a day.（主动）他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。 (2)ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/invite/need/order/remind/teach want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer等动词后只接to do 作宾补 sb to do……: 例2. If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on. 如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。 (3)be said类动词：be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型，可以转化为It is said that… (4)think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。 例3. Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world. 中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。 【易错提醒】 有些动词用带to的不定式作补足语，但使役动词（make, let, have等）与感官动词（watch, hear, feel, notice, see等）用于主动语态时，作其宾语补足语的不定式省略to；但当这些词用于被动语态时，to不能省略（let除外）。 4.作定语 不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。 (1) 表示将来的动作时，根据需要不定式可用主动或被动形式。 His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 他下个月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。 I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. 我借了一些假期读的书。 (2 )表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰，如：chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity, right, attempt, plan, evidence等，常表同位关系。 Do you have the ability to read and write in English? 你有用英语读和写的能力吗？ (3)名词或代词由序数词或最高级修饰，再被非谓语修饰时，一般用不定式作定语，表主谓关系。 She is always the first student to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系) 她总是第一个来最后一个走的学生。 (4)在表示有要做的事情时，通常用不定式作定语，不定式与被修饰词之间为被动关系。 —Do you have anything to be typed, sir?——先生，你有东西要打印吗？ —No, thanks.——没有，谢谢。 I have a lot of work to do.我有许多活要干。 易错点：若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则要在该动词后加适当的介词。 I have no pen to write with.我没有写字用的钢笔。 5.作表语 表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词­ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。 ③What she likes is watching/to watch children play. 她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。 ④ My wish is to become a good teacher. 我的愿望就是要当个好老师。 注意：下列情况下不定式作表语通常省略to： （1）主语是all其后有that引导的定语从句或what引导的从句，且从句中含有do的某种形式时。 （2）主语是the only，the first，the last，形容词最高级或被这些词修饰，主语后有定语从句，且定语从句中含有do的某种形式时。 All you need to do now is complete the form. 你现在要做的是把这张表填好。 The only thing to do now is go on. 前进是现在唯一的出路。 6.作状语 (1) 不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。 (2) 不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to等结构。 (3)不定式作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，dangerous，heavy，good，important，impossible，surprised，astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。 (1)作目的状语 不定式作目的状语可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。但用在句中表目的时前面不能用逗号，强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to/so as to＋动词原形，但so as to不用于句首。 To make friend s easily, you need to be very kind. 要想很容易地交朋友，你需要友善。 (2)作结果状语 a．不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only。 I rushed to the station, only to find the train had already gone. 我匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 b．不定式作结果状语还常用于so ... as to ..., such ... as to ..., enough to ..., too ... to ...等结构中。 She was so late as to miss half of the lecture. 她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。 She is such a good teacher as to be respected by all her students. 她是个如此好的老师，以至于受到她所有学生的尊敬。 The house is large enough to hold two hundred people. 这座房子足够大，可以容纳两百人。 (3)作原因状语 不定式与情感类形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这类形容词主要有：happy, kind, surprised, frightened, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed等。 They were surprised to be informed of the news. 被告知这一消息他们感到吃惊。 She was very happy to hear that her son had been promoted. 得知儿子升职了，她很高兴。 (4)动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, good, fit, comfortable等后面作状语，构成“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动含义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。 This book is difficult to understand.这本书很难懂。 The picture is pleasant to look at.这张画很好看。 考点二 不定式的特殊用法 1.疑问词+不定式 动词不定式可以与疑问代词who, whom, what, which, whose及疑问副词when, where, how等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。 2.不定式的省略 1.感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to（注意被动语态中to应加上）； 2.在介词but, except表示“除了......”之意的单词前，若有实义动词do， 作宾语的不定式则省略to;若无do, 则to不能省略。 3.两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时，后面的to可以省略；如果两个或多个不定式短语表示对比关系时，则保留to。 4.下列句型常省略to： may as well do sth 最好还是做…… had better do 最好做某事 do nothing but do sth 别无选择只好做某事 can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事 Why not do sth? 何不做某事？ prefer to do…rather than do sth, 宁愿做……而不愿做…… would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做…… 例1. I watched the girl enter the hall.我看着那个小女孩走进了大厅。 The girl was watched to enter the hall. 例2. He refuses to spend time with us or do as we tell him.（并列关系，do前省略了to）他拒绝花时间和我们在一起，也拒绝照我们说的做。 例3. They came not to save us, but to conquer us.（对比关系，不能省to）他们不是来救我们的，而是来征服我们的。 3.不定式的主动形式表被动含义 （1）不定式的主动形式 ①不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系时 That flying bird is impossible to catch. 那只会飞的鸟是不可能被抓住的。 ②在“be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中,性质形容词如easy，hard,difficult,safe,interesting,heavy,pleasant, comfortable，dangerous，impossible 等。 He is not easy to get along with. 他不易相处。 The book is very interesting to read.这本书读一读是很有趣的。 ③不定式与疑问代词连用时。 I don't know which to choose because there isn’t any difference between the two. 两者之间毫无差别,所以我真不知道该选哪个。 ④某些动词不定式与be连用时，如to blame(责备)，to seek(寻找),to let(出租)等。 He is to blame for this.他因这件事该受责备。 The answer is not hard to seek.答案不难寻找。 （2）不定式的被动形式 ①当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,一般要用被动语态。 A lot of graduates ask to be sent to work where they are most needed every year. 每年都有毕业生要求被派往最需要他们的地方工作。 ②不定式的被动语态一般式通常表示将来的动作。 The topic to be discussed tomorrow is about climate change 明天要讨论的主题是关于气候变化的。 ③不定式的被动语态完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。 The novel is said to have been translated into several languages. 这部小说据说被翻译成了种语言。 考点三 常见接动词不定式的词（组） 1.接不定式作宾语的25个常用动词 1. afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 2. prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 3. agree to do sth. 同意做某事 4. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 5. decide to do sth 决定做某事 6. promise to do sth. 答应做某事 7. demand to do sth 要求做某事 8. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 9. determine to do sth. 决心做某事 10. want to do sth. 想要做某事 11. expect to do sth. 期待做某事 12. wish to do sth. 希望做某事 13. fear to do sth. 害怕做某事 14. aim to do sth. 打算做某事 15. help to do sth 帮助做某事 16. fail to do sth. 未能做某事 17. hope to do sth. 希望做某事 18. long to do sth. 渴望做某事 19. learn to do sth. 学习做某事 20. happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 21. manage to do sth. 设法做某事 22. hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事 23. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 24. struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 25. plan to do sth. 计划做某事 注：红色字体为不及物动词+接不定式 2.接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth. 请(叫)某人做某事 mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 bear sb. to do sth. 忍受某人做某事 need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事 cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事 drive sb. to do sth. 驱使某人做某事 persuade sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事 elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事 prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事 train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事 hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事 trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事 help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 基础过关 1、 用所给单词适当形式填空 1．It was a special day, so I decided ________ (record) my feelings in my diary. 2．I often discuss maths problems with my deskmate and try different ways ________ them. (solve) 3．It’s important ________ (develop) good habits like reading books before bed every day. 4．Betty is clever enough ________ out the Maths problem. (work) 5．He is ready ________ others at any time. (help) 6．We are getting ready ________ (have) a happy holiday in Harbin in winter. 7．Can you tell me how __________ (cook) noodles? 8．The boy pretended ________ (be) doing his homework when his mom came in, but in fact he was playing computer games. 9．—Who will be the winner of the competition? —Nobody can know the winner ________ (announce) tomorrow morning. 10．The police warned people ________ (not stay) outside during the storm last week. 11．We are always ready ________ (help) each other by lending a hand. 12．He told me ________ (not touch) the things in the museum. 13．Officials want their search to be ________ (cancel) because they worry about trouble. 14．I’m sorry ________ (take) your schoolbag by mistake. 15．Learning how __________ (manage) time well is important for teenagers. 二、单项选择 16．There are three different ice cream flavours ________ in the shop. Which one do you want? A．choosing B．to choose C．choosing from D．to choose from 17．— Andy warned us ________ careful with our safety while going on a trip. — Well, he had a point. We should avoid ________ too much personal information. A．to be; sharing B．to be; to share C．being; sharing D．being; to share 18．Millie is glad ________ new friends with her classmates. A．make B．making C．to make D．makes 19．Sport helps Simon ________ healthy and happy at school. A．stay B．stays C．staying D．to staying 20．He is smart and always ready ________ his classmates with Maths problems. A．help B．helping C．to help D．helps 21．To keep our classroom tidy, all the students decided ________ the new class rules from Monday. A．follow B．followed C．following D．to follow 22．—Why do many people prefer cats? —Because they are quiet and easy ________. A．look after B．to look after C．looking after D．to look for 23．My mother told me ________ in the street, it’s too dangerous. A．not play B．to not play C．doesn’t play D．not to play 24．The T-shirt is too dirty. It needs ________. A．wash B．to wash C．to washing D．to be washed 25．—These teachers are brave and selfless.         — Sure. They knew ________ to do when danger is coming. A．how B．what C．when D．where 26．I don’t know ________ such a difficult problem on my own. A．what to do with B．how to do with C．how to do it D．what to do it 27．Could you please show me __________ the broken bowl? A．how repair B．how to repair C．what to repair D．to repair 28．Five high school students launched their own rocket “Yunzhou-1” in Qinghai. They learned ________ a rocket all by themselves. A．what to build B．how to build C．when to build D．where to build 29．The old man ________ nothing but ________ at home all day.​ A．do; stay   ​ B．did; to stay        ​ C．does; stay​ D．does; to stay 30．The bad air makes people ________ uncomfortable. A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 三、完成句子 31．学会如何学习对每个学生来说都很重要。 ________ is important for every student. 32．当有事情让我烦恼时，贝蒂知道如何让我振作起来。 Betty knows _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ when something worries me. 33．他太小了以至于自己不能穿衣服。 He is ________ little ________ get dressed by himself. 34．我想和我的妹妹分享我的蛋糕。 I want to ________ my cake ________ my sister. 35．计算机能帮助我们计算出数学题。 Computers can help us ________ ________ maths problems. 36．医生建议我每天多喝水。   The doctor advised me ________ ________ more water every day. 37．如果你不想忘记你的决心，把它们写下来。 If you don’t want to ________ your resolutions, ________ them ________. 38．不是每个人都知道自己想成为什么。 Not everyone ________ what they want ________ ________. 39．你长大后想成为什么？ What do you want ________ ________ when you ________ ________? 40．在中国，第一次见面彼此握手是礼貌的。 It’s polite ___________________ with each other for the first time in China. 四、选词填空 用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。 short;  go;  put;  hide;  improve;  butterfly     41．Some animals’ colours can help them in the wild. 42．In spring, dance beautifully around the flowers. 43．What a perfect time it is on a picnic in spring! 44．Don’t forget on your sunglasses when going outside in summer. 45．The days get while the nights get longer during autumn. 46． local people’s life, the government built a sports centre. 能力提升 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1-15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Almost everyone has a dream job, and for Susan, it is being a whale (鲸) trainer at her city’s aquarium (水族馆). Last year, Susan finally had 1 chance, but it was more than just signing up. People who wanted this job had to take part in a competition. They needed to show 2 they could go down into the seven-meter-deep pool that housed the whales and how long they could stay there. The one who could reach the deepest and stay 3 underwater would get the job. Susan signed up 4 the tryout, and everything went well at first. But 5 she went down to about five meters under the icy water, her legs stopped working. The cold water caused a huge pain in her legs. She was 6 to swim back to the surface. She was in great fear and couldn’t think. 7 only caused her to drop farther into the pool. Just as Susan 8 up hope, she suddenly felt 9 being pushed to the surface. It was Mila, a whale in the pool. She noticed Susan’s 10 , held her leg in her mouth and pushed Susan up to the surface. Susan 11 , thanks to Mila’s quick action. The aquarium spokesperson said Susan was 12 lucky, because Mila had realized Susan needed help before any of the working group did, 13 saved valuable time. “Whales are 14 animals—they live and play together. In the wild, they show great interest in humans and often swim close to boats and divers. It’s important for us 15 kind to animals.” 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．why B．how far C．what D．which 3．A．long B．longer C．the longest D．far longer 4．A．in B．to C．with D．for 5．A．and B．then C．if D．when 6．A．able B．disable C．unable D．ability 7．A．They B．This C．Those D．These 8．A．gave B．had given C．would give D．has given 9．A．her B．herself C．she D．hers 10．A．troubles B．troubler C．trouble D．troubled 11．A．is saving B．saves C．saved D．was saved 12．A．really B．real C．realize D．reality 13．A．who B．which C．what D．where 14．A．social B．socialize C．socially D．society 15．A．be B．being C．to be D．to being 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On a warm spring day, the sun shone brightly. Tom sat under a tree 16 began writing his diary. He wrote, “Today, my friends and I 17 (explore) the forest. Deep in the woods, we discovered a very old tree whose 18 (branch) seemed like pages of history, and it was telling stories of the past.” Tom’s grandfather 19 (teach) him how to find out the age of trees by their rings. He touched the bark, feeling the passage of time through nature. After 20 day’s adventure (冒险), they filled their backpacks with fresh flowers and seeds (种子). Back home, Tom used these seeds 21 (plant) a small garden. He knew they would grow up under the sun and rain. 22 (final), he wrote about his day’s experiences happily. He believed these seeds of nature would bring 23 (he) more surprises in the future. On the last page of his diary, Tom noted, “Today, I not only used my eyes to see but also my heart to feel.” He closed the diary, looking forward 24 his next forest adventure. He realized a common truth: every small seed 25 (grow) well with enough water and sunshine. 三、选词填空 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，并将答案填写到答题卡的相应位置。每个词限用一次。 child  number  cause  help  advice  heavy  already  quick  everyone  since  remind How many adults will be overweight in China by 2050? About 630 million, according to a study. Now China has made a plan 26 solve this problem. The plan will set up “weight control clinics (诊所)” across the country. Doctors at these clinics will give 27 on weight control. Obesity (肥胖) has greatly increased in China over the past 40 years. By 2021, more than 400 million adults were too 28 . That’s more than double the 29 in the U.S. and India. Being overweight is bad for your health. It can 30 many problems, such as high blood pressure and heart problems. Some big cities 31 have weight control clinics. But some poor areas have problems. According to a study, more people in some poor areas have become overweight since 2005. Some online ads sell “magic pills” for 32 weight loss (丢失). Experts say they can be harmful. China is now making safer diet pills to help people eat less. This country hopes that 33 will support this plan. For example, hotels are asked to put a scale (秤) in each room. This 34 people to stay healthy. Schools are encouraged to teach 35 about healthy eating. 四、补全对话 阅读下面的短文，根据中文提示完成句子。 The next day, Jane talked about the party with her friend Tom. Tom: Hi, Jane! What did you do yesterday? Jane: I had a birthday party. Tom: Really? 36 (你喜欢你的生日派对吗？) Jane: Yes, of course! We had it in a garden. 37 (花园和画一样美丽。) Tom: Did you have birthday cake? Jane: Yes. It was a big strawberry cake. 38 (它很好吃。) I couldn’t stop eating! Tom: That sounds amazing! Jane: And my parents gave me a guitar and a bike as birthday gifts. Tom: Wow! You must be very happy. Jane: Yeah. 39 (我是最幸福的女孩。) Let’s ride bikes together after school! Tom: OK. 40 (别忘了带些水。) It’s hot today. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考点06 动词不定式 考｜点｜梳｜理 1.不定式的概念及特点 非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）三类，它们没有人称和数的变化，但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式上的变化，还可以有自己的宾语和状语。 动词不定式的基本构成形式：“to+动词原形”。 (1)肯定式：to + 动词原形 It’s nice to meet you. (2)否定式：not to + 动词原形 He told me not to leave this room(to是不定式符号，无意义，有时可以不带) 2.不定式的时态和语态 种类 时态 主动形式及意义 被动形式及意义 不定式 一般式 to do 将要发生或与谓语动作同时发生 to be done 被动、将来 进行式 to be doing 谓语发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生 完成式 to have done发生在谓语动词的动作之前 to have been done被动、发生在谓语动词的动作之前 考点一 动词不定式的用法 1.作主语 1. 不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(对比：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为) 2. 不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。 3. 常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构； 4.It takes sb. time to do sth.等。 例1：To succeed calls for hard work. 成功需要付出艰辛的劳动。 例2：It’s not easy to find your way around the small town.在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。 【名师提醒】 1. 不定式作主语时，相当于名词或代词，谓语动词用单数形式。 2. “赞扬，责备”的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless，honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude等。 3. 以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful等用for sb作逻辑主语。 2.不定式作宾语 ①有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。 如： Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？ ②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day. 口诀 动词 希望学会想决心 hope/wish/expect, learn, want, tend, decide/determine 设法拒绝愿假装 manage, refuse, care, pretend 主动承诺选计划 offer, promise, choose, plan 请求同意来帮忙 ask/beg, agree , help 3. 作宾语补足语 see类动词(不定式作宾补省to): 巧记--让美克注意听听看看这块表有的感觉-- let, make, notice, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel。 例1. He made his workers work 12 hours a day.（主动）他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。 (2)ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/invite/need/order/remind/teach want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer等动词后只接to do 作宾补 sb to do……: 例2. If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on. 如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。 (3)be said类动词：be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型，可以转化为It is said that… (4)think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。 例3. Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world. 中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。 【易错提醒】 有些动词用带to的不定式作补足语，但使役动词（make, let, have等）与感官动词（watch, hear, feel, notice, see等）用于主动语态时，作其宾语补足语的不定式省略to；但当这些词用于被动语态时，to不能省略（let除外）。 4.作定语 不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。 (1) 表示将来的动作时，根据需要不定式可用主动或被动形式。 His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 他下个月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。 I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. 我借了一些假期读的书。 (2 )表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰，如：chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity, right, attempt, plan, evidence等，常表同位关系。 Do you have the ability to read and write in English? 你有用英语读和写的能力吗？ (3)名词或代词由序数词或最高级修饰，再被非谓语修饰时，一般用不定式作定语，表主谓关系。 She is always the first student to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系) 她总是第一个来最后一个走的学生。 (4)在表示有要做的事情时，通常用不定式作定语，不定式与被修饰词之间为被动关系。 —Do you have anything to be typed, sir?——先生，你有东西要打印吗？ —No, thanks.——没有，谢谢。 I have a lot of work to do.我有许多活要干。 易错点：若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则要在该动词后加适当的介词。 I have no pen to write with.我没有写字用的钢笔。 5.作表语 表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词­ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。 ③What she likes is watching/to watch children play. 她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。 ④ My wish is to become a good teacher. 我的愿望就是要当个好老师。 注意：下列情况下不定式作表语通常省略to： （1）主语是all其后有that引导的定语从句或what引导的从句，且从句中含有do的某种形式时。 （2）主语是the only，the first，the last，形容词最高级或被这些词修饰，主语后有定语从句，且定语从句中含有do的某种形式时。 All you need to do now is complete the form. 你现在要做的是把这张表填好。 The only thing to do now is go on. 前进是现在唯一的出路。 6.作状语 (1) 不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。 (2) 不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to等结构。 (3)不定式作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，dangerous，heavy，good，important，impossible，surprised，astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。 (1)作目的状语 不定式作目的状语可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。但用在句中表目的时前面不能用逗号，强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to/so as to＋动词原形，但so as to不用于句首。 To make friend s easily, you need to be very kind. 要想很容易地交朋友，你需要友善。 (2)作结果状语 a．不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only。 I rushed to the station, only to find the train had already gone. 我匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 b．不定式作结果状语还常用于so ... as to ..., such ... as to ..., enough to ..., too ... to ...等结构中。 She was so late as to miss half of the lecture. 她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。 She is such a good teacher as to be respected by all her students. 她是个如此好的老师，以至于受到她所有学生的尊敬。 The house is large enough to hold two hundred people. 这座房子足够大，可以容纳两百人。 (3)作原因状语 不定式与情感类形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这类形容词主要有：happy, kind, surprised, frightened, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed等。 They were surprised to be informed of the news. 被告知这一消息他们感到吃惊。 She was very happy to hear that her son had been promoted. 得知儿子升职了，她很高兴。 (4)动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, good, fit, comfortable等后面作状语，构成“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动含义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。 This book is difficult to understand.这本书很难懂。 The picture is pleasant to look at.这张画很好看。 考点二 不定式的特殊用法 1.疑问词+不定式 动词不定式可以与疑问代词who, whom, what, which, whose及疑问副词when, where, how等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。 2.不定式的省略 1.感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to（注意被动语态中to应加上）； 2.在介词but, except表示“除了......”之意的单词前，若有实义动词do， 作宾语的不定式则省略to;若无do, 则to不能省略。 3.两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时，后面的to可以省略；如果两个或多个不定式短语表示对比关系时，则保留to。 4.下列句型常省略to： may as well do sth 最好还是做…… had better do 最好做某事 do nothing but do sth 别无选择只好做某事 can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事 Why not do sth? 何不做某事？ prefer to do…rather than do sth, 宁愿做……而不愿做…… would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做…… 例1. I watched the girl enter the hall.我看着那个小女孩走进了大厅。 The girl was watched to enter the hall. 例2. He refuses to spend time with us or do as we tell him.（并列关系，do前省略了to）他拒绝花时间和我们在一起，也拒绝照我们说的做。 例3. They came not to save us, but to conquer us.（对比关系，不能省to）他们不是来救我们的，而是来征服我们的。 3.不定式的主动形式表被动含义 （1）不定式的主动形式 ①不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系时 That flying bird is impossible to catch. 那只会飞的鸟是不可能被抓住的。 ②在“be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中,性质形容词如easy，hard,difficult,safe,interesting,heavy,pleasant, comfortable，dangerous，impossible 等。 He is not easy to get along with. 他不易相处。 The book is very interesting to read.这本书读一读是很有趣的。 ③不定式与疑问代词连用时。 I don't know which to choose because there isn’t any difference between the two. 两者之间毫无差别,所以我真不知道该选哪个。 ④某些动词不定式与be连用时，如to blame(责备)，to seek(寻找),to let(出租)等。 He is to blame for this.他因这件事该受责备。 The answer is not hard to seek.答案不难寻找。 （2）不定式的被动形式 ①当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,一般要用被动语态。 A lot of graduates ask to be sent to work where they are most needed every year. 每年都有毕业生要求被派往最需要他们的地方工作。 ②不定式的被动语态一般式通常表示将来的动作。 The topic to be discussed tomorrow is about climate change 明天要讨论的主题是关于气候变化的。 ③不定式的被动语态完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。 The novel is said to have been translated into several languages. 这部小说据说被翻译成了种语言。 考点三 常见接动词不定式的词（组） 1.接不定式作宾语的25个常用动词 1. afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 2. prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 3. agree to do sth. 同意做某事 4. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 5. decide to do sth 决定做某事 6. promise to do sth. 答应做某事 7. demand to do sth 要求做某事 8. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 9. determine to do sth. 决心做某事 10. want to do sth. 想要做某事 11. expect to do sth. 期待做某事 12. wish to do sth. 希望做某事 13. fear to do sth. 害怕做某事 14. aim to do sth. 打算做某事 15. help to do sth 帮助做某事 16. fail to do sth. 未能做某事 17. hope to do sth. 希望做某事 18. long to do sth. 渴望做某事 19. learn to do sth. 学习做某事 20. happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 21. manage to do sth. 设法做某事 22. hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事 23. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 24. struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 25. plan to do sth. 计划做某事 注：红色字体为不及物动词+接不定式 2.接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth. 请(叫)某人做某事 mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 bear sb. to do sth. 忍受某人做某事 need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事 cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事 drive sb. to do sth. 驱使某人做某事 persuade sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事 elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事 prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事 train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事 hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事 trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事 help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 基础过关 1、 用所给单词适当形式填空 1．It was a special day, so I decided ________ (record) my feelings in my diary. 【答案】to record 【详解】句意：这是特别的一天，所以我决定在日记里记录下我的心情。decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，因此record前加不定式符号to。 2．I often discuss maths problems with my deskmate and try different ways ________ them. (solve) 【答案】to solve 【详解】句意：我经常和同桌讨论数学题，尝试用不同的方法解答它们。固定结构：ways to do sth.“做某事的方法”，to solve不定式作后置定语，修饰ways，表示“用来解题的方法”。 3．It’s important ________ (develop) good habits like reading books before bed every day. 【答案】to develop 【详解】句意：每天养成像睡前读书这样的好习惯是很重要的。句中“It’s important...”属于“It’s+形容词+to do sth”固定句型，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，用来避免句子头重脚轻，因此空格处需填动词不定式形式。develop“养成，发展”，其动词不定式为to develop，故填to develop。 4．Betty is clever enough ________ out the Maths problem. (work) 【答案】to work 【详解】句意：贝蒂足够聪明，能解出这道数学题。“be+形容词+enough+to do sth”是固定搭配，意为“足够……可以做某事”，此处应填不定式形式to work。 5．He is ready ________ others at any time. (help) 【答案】to help 【详解】句意：他随时准备帮助其他人。be ready to do sth表示“准备做某事”，不定式to help作状语。 6．We are getting ready ________ (have) a happy holiday in Harbin in winter. 【答案】to have 【详解】句意：我们正在为在哈尔滨过一个愉快的寒假做准备。get ready to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“准备做某事”。 7．Can you tell me how __________ (cook) noodles? 【答案】to cook 【详解】句意：你能告诉我怎么煮面条吗？此处考查“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，how to cook noodles作tell的宾语，表示如何煮面条，to cook符合。 8．The boy pretended ________ (be) doing his homework when his mom came in, but in fact he was playing computer games. 【答案】to be 【详解】句意：当妈妈进来时，那个男孩假装正在做作业，但实际上他正在玩电脑游戏。pretend“假装”，动词，pretend to be doing sth.“假装正在做某事”，强调假装正在做作业，所以用不定式。故填to be。 9．—Who will be the winner of the competition? —Nobody can know the winner ________ (announce) tomorrow morning. 【答案】to be announced 【详解】句意：—— 谁会是比赛的获胜者？—— 直到明天早上宣布结果，没人能知道获胜者是谁。 句中“winner”与“announce”之间是被动关系，且表示将来要发生的动作，因此使用动词不定式的被动形式“to be announced”作后置定语，修饰“the winner”，表示“将要被宣布的（获胜者）”。 10．The police warned people ________ (not stay) outside during the storm last week. 【答案】not to stay 【详解】句意：上周暴风雨期间，警察警告人们不要待在户外。stay“停留，逗留”是动词；固定搭配warn sb. (not) to do sth.意为“警告某人（不要）做某事”，否定形式直接在不定式前加not。填not to stay。 11．We are always ready ________ (help) each other by lending a hand. 【答案】to help 【详解】句意：我们总是乐于伸出援手，互相帮助。be ready to do sth“乐意/准备好做某事”，此处需用动词不定式，即to help。 12．He told me ________ (not touch) the things in the museum. 【答案】not to touch 【详解】句意：他告诉我不要触摸博物馆里的展品。固定搭配tell sb. (not) to do sth. 表示“告诉某人（不要）做某事”，此处需要用不定式的否定形式，即在to前加not，因此填not to touch。 13．Officials want their search to be ________ (cancel) because they worry about trouble. 【答案】canceled/cancelled 【详解】句意：官员们希望他们的搜查被取消，因为他们担心麻烦。cancel“取消”，动词；want sth. to be done表示“想要某事被做”，用过去分词表示被动。故填canceled/cancelled。 14．I’m sorry ________ (take) your schoolbag by mistake. 【答案】to have taken 【详解】句意：我很抱歉错拿了你的书包。“be sorry to have done sth.”是固定结构，表示“对做过某事感到抱歉”，强调动作已经发生。需用动词不定式的完成式“to have taken”。 15．Learning how __________ (manage) time well is important for teenagers. 【答案】to manage 【详解】句意：学习如何管理好时间对青少年来说很重要。根据句子结构可知，“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语，构成how to do结构，故manage“管理”变为to manage。 二、单项选择 16．There are three different ice cream flavours ________ in the shop. Which one do you want? A．choosing B．to choose C．choosing from D．to choose from 【答案】D 【详解】句意：商店里有三种不同的冰淇淋口味可供选择。你想要哪一种？ 此处是There be句型中动词不定式作后置定语，表示“可供……”；choose from是固定短语，意为“从……中选择”。当不定式修饰的名词是动作的逻辑对象时，短语动词后的介词不能省略，此处flavours是choose from的逻辑对象，因此保留介词 from。应填to choose from。 17．— Andy warned us ________ careful with our safety while going on a trip. — Well, he had a point. We should avoid ________ too much personal information. A．to be; sharing B．to be; to share C．being; sharing D．being; to share 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——安迪警告我们旅行时要小心我们的安全。——嗯，他说得有道理。我们应该避免分享太多的个人信息。“warn sb. to do sth.”意为“警告某人做某事”，第一空需用动词不定式to be；“avoid doing sth.”意为“避免做某事”，第二空需用动名词sharing。 18．Millie is glad ________ new friends with her classmates. A．make B．making C．to make D．makes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Millie很高兴和她的同学们交新朋友。be glad to do sth.意为“很高兴做某事”，形容词glad后接动词不定式作原因状语。因此选用to make。 19．Sport helps Simon ________ healthy and happy at school. A．stay B．stays C．staying D．to staying 【答案】A 【详解】句意：运动帮助西蒙在学校保持健康和快乐。help sb. (to) do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，后接动词原形或带to的不定式。选项中只有stay是动词原形，符合语法结构。 20．He is smart and always ready ________ his classmates with Maths problems. A．help B．helping C．to help D．helps 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他很聪明，总是乐意帮助他的同学解决数学问题。be ready to do sth.意为“乐意做某事”，后接动词不定式。因此选用to help。 21．To keep our classroom tidy, all the students decided ________ the new class rules from Monday. A．follow B．followed C．following D．to follow 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了保持教室整洁，所有学生决定从周一开始遵守新的班级规则。根据固定搭配decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，可知空处应用动词不定式。 22．—Why do many people prefer cats? —Because they are quiet and easy ________. A．look after B．to look after C．looking after D．to look for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——为什么许多人更喜欢猫？——因为它们安静且容易照顾。 look after照顾；look for寻找。此处be easy后接动词不定式，表示“做某事很容易”，排除A、C。根据句意可知，喜欢猫是因为猫易于照顾，此处表示“照顾”猫之意。应填to look after。 23．My mother told me ________ in the street, it’s too dangerous. A．not play B．to not play C．doesn’t play D．not to play 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我妈妈告诉我不要在街上玩耍，太危险了。tell sb. not to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，动词不定式的否定形式是在to前加not，即not to play。 24．The T-shirt is too dirty. It needs ________. A．wash B．to wash C．to washing D．to be washed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这件T恤太脏了。它需要被洗。考查need的用法和非谓语动词。“need to do sth.”表示“需要做某事”，主语“It”指代上一句提到的T 恤，与“wash”之间是被动关系，即T恤需要“被洗”，用被动语态be washed。故选D。 25．—These teachers are brave and selfless.         — Sure. They knew ________ to do when danger is coming. A．how B．what C．when D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这些老师勇敢且无私。——当然。当危险来临时，他们知道要做什么。how如何；what什么；when何时；where哪里。根据“They knew...to do”结构可知，do是及物动词，后面需要接宾语，what可以作do的宾语，what to do意为“做什么”。 26．I don’t know ________ such a difficult problem on my own. A．what to do with B．how to do with C．how to do it D．what to do it 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我不知道如何独自处理这么难的问题。   表示“处理”时，do with与疑问词what搭配，空格后已有宾语such a difficult problem，无需再加代词it。故选用what to do with。 27．Could you please show me __________ the broken bowl? A．how repair B．how to repair C．what to repair D．to repair 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你能向我展示如何修理这个破碗吗。how repair（错误用法，how后应接不定式）；how to repair如何修理；what to repair修理什么；to repair修理（不定式）。show sb. sth.表示“给某人展示某物”，此处空处作宾语，应用“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构。根据句意可知是询问修理的方法，应用how to repair。 28．Five high school students launched their own rocket “Yunzhou-1” in Qinghai. They learned ________ a rocket all by themselves. A．what to build B．how to build C．when to build D．where to build 【答案】B 【详解】句意：五名高中生在青海发射了自己的火箭“云洲一号”。他们完全自学了如何建造火箭。 what to build建造什么；how to build如何建造；when to build何时建造；where to build在哪建造。根据“launched their own rocket”可知，他们成功发射了火箭，说明学习的内容是建造火箭的方法，应填how to build。 29．The old man ________ nothing but ________ at home all day.​ A．do; stay   ​ B．did; to stay        ​ C．does; stay​ D．does; to stay 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位老人整天除了待在家里什么也不做。本句描述日常习惯，使用一般现在时，主语The old man是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用does；固定句型do nothing but do sth.，意为“除了做某事外什么也不做”，当but前有do的各种形式时，but后接省略to的不定式（即动词原形），因此第二空填stay。 30．The bad air makes people ________ uncomfortable. A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 【答案】A 【详解】句意：糟糕的空气让人们感觉不舒服。make someone do something固定搭配意为使/让某人做某事。所以应填动词的原形feel。 三、完成句子 31．学会如何学习对每个学生来说都很重要。 ________ is important for every student. 【答案】 Learning how to learn 【详解】原句中“学会如何学习”是关键词，且是句子的主语，动词作主语需要使用动名词形式，“学会如何学习”的英文表达是learn how to learn，第一个learn变为动名词learning，how to learn是“疑问副词how+动词不定式”作learn的宾语。 32．当有事情让我烦恼时，贝蒂知道如何让我振作起来。 Betty knows _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ when something worries me. 【答案】 how to cheer me up 【详解】原句中“如何让我振作起来”是关键词，表示“如何让我振作起来”的短语是how to cheer me up，是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，作动词knows的宾语，cheer sb up“让某人振作起来”。 33．他太小了以至于自己不能穿衣服。 He is ________ little ________ get dressed by himself. 【答案】 too to 【详解】根据中文句意“他太小了以至于自己不能穿衣服”，空处意为“太……以至于不能……”，可用短语“too...to...”表示。 34．我想和我的妹妹分享我的蛋糕。 I want to ________ my cake ________ my sister. 【答案】 share with 【详解】原句中“和某人分享某物”是关键词，固定搭配share sth. with sb.表示“和某人分享某物”；want to后接动词原形。 35．计算机能帮助我们计算出数学题。 Computers can help us ________ ________ maths problems. 【答案】 work out 【详解】原句中“计算出”是关键词，表示“计算出”用短语work out，根据固定搭配help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”可知，此处动词work用原形。 36．医生建议我每天多喝水。   The doctor advised me ________ ________ more water every day. 【答案】 to drink 【详解】原句中“喝”是关键词，表示“喝”的单词是drink，advise sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“建议某人做某事”。故填to；drink。 37．如果你不想忘记你的决心，把它们写下来。 If you don’t want to ________ your resolutions, ________ them ________. 【答案】 forget write down 【详解】原句中“忘记”“写下来”是核心关键词。表示“忘记”的单词是forget，want to后接动词原形；表示“写下来”的固定短语是write down，这是祈使句结构，句中用动词原形write。 38．不是每个人都知道自己想成为什么。 Not everyone ________ what they want ________ ________. 【答案】 knows to be 【详解】原句中“知道”和“想成为”是关键词。“知道”对应的动词是know，主语Not everyone为第三人称单数（不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数），故用knows；“想成为”用固定结构want to be。 39．你长大后想成为什么？ What do you want ________ ________ when you ________ ________? 【答案】 to be grow up 【详解】原句中“成为、长大”是关键词，动词be可表示“成为”，want后接动词不定式，固定搭配want to be表示“想要成为”；短语grow up意为“长大”，when引导时间状语从句，主语you后用动词原形。 40．在中国，第一次见面彼此握手是礼貌的。 It’s polite ___________________ with each other for the first time in China. 【答案】to shake hands 【详解】原句中“握手”是关键词，表示的短语为shake hands。“It’s + adj. + to do sth.”，意为“做某事是……的”，固定句型，因此动词shake需用不定式形式。 四、选词填空 用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。 short;  go;  put;  hide;  improve;  butterfly     41．Some animals’ colours can help them in the wild. 42．In spring, dance beautifully around the flowers. 43．What a perfect time it is on a picnic in spring! 44．Don’t forget on your sunglasses when going outside in summer. 45．The days get while the nights get longer during autumn. 46． local people’s life, the government built a sports centre. 【答案】 41． hide 42． butterflies 43． to go 44． to put 45． shorter 46．To improve 【详解】41．句意：一些动物的颜色可以帮助它们在野外隐藏起来。根据“Some animals’ colours”及常识可知，动物的颜色能帮助它们“隐藏”，help sb. (to)do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，hide“隐藏”，动词不定式符号to可以省略。 42．句意：春天，蝴蝶在花丛中美妙地飞舞。根据“dance beautifully around the flowers”可知，是“蝴蝶”在飞舞，谓语是dance，所以主语是复数名词，butterfly的复数是butterflies。 43．句意：春天去野餐是多么完美的时机啊！根据“on a picnic in spring”可知，是“去”野餐，go on a picnic“去野餐”，It is a perfect time to do sth.句型中，用动词不定式to go。 44．句意：夏天外出时别忘了戴上太阳镜。根据“on your sunglasses”可知，是“戴上”太阳镜，put on“戴上”，forget to do sth.“忘记要做某事”，用动词不定式to put。 45．句意：秋天，白天变短，夜晚变长。根据“while the nights get longer”可知，白天“变短”，根据“longer”可知，应填比较级形式，shorter“更短的”，是比较级。 46．句意：为了改善当地人的生活，政府建了一个体育中心。根据“the government built a sports centre”可知，建体育中心是为了“改善”生活，to improve“为了改善”，作目的状语，句首首字母大写。 能力提升 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1-15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Almost everyone has a dream job, and for Susan, it is being a whale (鲸) trainer at her city’s aquarium (水族馆). Last year, Susan finally had 1 chance, but it was more than just signing up. People who wanted this job had to take part in a competition. They needed to show 2 they could go down into the seven-meter-deep pool that housed the whales and how long they could stay there. The one who could reach the deepest and stay 3 underwater would get the job. Susan signed up 4 the tryout, and everything went well at first. But 5 she went down to about five meters under the icy water, her legs stopped working. The cold water caused a huge pain in her legs. She was 6 to swim back to the surface. She was in great fear and couldn’t think. 7 only caused her to drop farther into the pool. Just as Susan 8 up hope, she suddenly felt 9 being pushed to the surface. It was Mila, a whale in the pool. She noticed Susan’s 10 , held her leg in her mouth and pushed Susan up to the surface. Susan 11 , thanks to Mila’s quick action. The aquarium spokesperson said Susan was 12 lucky, because Mila had realized Susan needed help before any of the working group did, 13 saved valuable time. “Whales are 14 animals—they live and play together. In the wild, they show great interest in humans and often swim close to boats and divers. It’s important for us 15 kind to animals.” 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．why B．how far C．what D．which 3．A．long B．longer C．the longest D．far longer 4．A．in B．to C．with D．for 5．A．and B．then C．if D．when 6．A．able B．disable C．unable D．ability 7．A．They B．This C．Those D．These 8．A．gave B．had given C．would give D．has given 9．A．her B．herself C．she D．hers 10．A．troubles B．troubler C．trouble D．troubled 11．A．is saving B．saves C．saved D．was saved 12．A．really B．real C．realize D．reality 13．A．who B．which C．what D．where 14．A．social B．socialize C．socially D．society 15．A．be B．being C．to be D．to being 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文讲述苏珊参加鲸鱼训练员选拔时遇险，被鲸鱼米拉救起的故事，展现了动物的灵性，强调人类应善待动物的重要性。 【详解】1．句意：去年，苏珊终于得到了一个机会，但这件事远不止报名那么简单。 根据以辅音开头的可数名词单数“chance”可知，使用不定冠词a，表示泛指一个机会，an用于元音音素前，the表特指，/零冠词。 2．句意：参赛者需要展示自己能下潜到七米深的鲸池多深处，以及能在水下待多久。 根据“go down into the seven-meter-deep pool”，可知询问距离，使用how far。why表原因，what表事物，which表选择。 3．句意：下潜最深、待最久的人就能得到这份工作。 根据“The one who could reach the deepest…”，可知用最高级the longest。long是原级，longer和far longer是比较级，均不符合。 4．句意：苏珊报名了这次选拔，一开始一切都很顺利。 根据短语“signed up”，可知后接for，意为“报名”。in“在……里”、to“到”、with“和”搭配不当。 5．句意：但当她下潜到冰面下约五米处时，她的腿动弹不了了。 根据“she went down…”，可知用when引导时间状语从句。and表并列，then是副词，if表条件。 6．句意：她没办法游回水面。 根据“legs stopped working”，可知不能游，unable to do符合。able“能够”意思相反，disable是动词，ability是名词。 7．句意：这种慌乱只会让她继续往池底沉。 根据“caused her…”，可知此处指代恐惧这一单数概念，用This。They、Those和These是复数，均不符合。 8．句意：就在苏珊快要放弃希望的时候，她突然感觉到自己被推往水面。 本文在叙述过去发生的故事，用一般过去时，give up hope表示“放弃希望”，过去式为gave up。had given、would give和has given时态不符。 9．句意：就在苏珊快要放弃希望的时候，她突然感觉到自己被推往水面。 根据“felt…being pushed”可知主语与宾语一致，使用反身代词herself。her是人称代词主格或名词性物主代词，she是主格，hers是名词性物主代词。 10．句意：米拉察觉到苏珊遇到了危险，用嘴叼住她的腿，把她推上了水面。 根据所有格“Susan’s…”可知后接名词，此处指困难状态，为不可数名词，trouble符合。troubles是复数，troubler指人，troubled是形容词。 11．句意：多亏米拉反应迅速，苏珊得救了。 根据“Susan…thanks to Mila”可知主语与谓语是被动关系，was saved符合。is saving、saves和saved都是主动语态。 12．句意：水族馆发言人说，苏珊真的非常幸运：米拉比所有工作人员都先发现苏珊需要帮助，这省下了宝贵的救援时间。 “lucky”是形容词，需要使用副词修饰，really符合。real是形容词，realize是动词，reality是名词。 13．句意：水族馆发言人说，苏珊真的非常幸运：米拉比所有工作人员都先发现苏珊需要帮助，这省下了宝贵的救援时间。 逗号后是非限制性从句，指代前文整件事，用which引导非限制性定语从句。who指人，what不引导定语从句，where指地点。 14．句意：鲸鱼是群居动物，它们一起生活、一起活动。 此处需要形容词修饰名词“animals”，构成短语social animals，意为“群居动物”。socialize是动词，socially是副词，society是名词。 15．句意：对我们来说善待动物很重要。 此处使用句型“It’s important for us…”，可知用不定式结构to do。be是原形，being是动名词，to being结构错误。 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On a warm spring day, the sun shone brightly. Tom sat under a tree 16 began writing his diary. He wrote, “Today, my friends and I 17 (explore) the forest. Deep in the woods, we discovered a very old tree whose 18 (branch) seemed like pages of history, and it was telling stories of the past.” Tom’s grandfather 19 (teach) him how to find out the age of trees by their rings. He touched the bark, feeling the passage of time through nature. After 20 day’s adventure (冒险), they filled their backpacks with fresh flowers and seeds (种子). Back home, Tom used these seeds 21 (plant) a small garden. He knew they would grow up under the sun and rain. 22 (final), he wrote about his day’s experiences happily. He believed these seeds of nature would bring 23 (he) more surprises in the future. On the last page of his diary, Tom noted, “Today, I not only used my eyes to see but also my heart to feel.” He closed the diary, looking forward 24 his next forest adventure. He realized a common truth: every small seed 25 (grow) well with enough water and sunshine. 【答案】 16．and 17．explored 18．branches 19．taught 20．a 21．to plant 22．Finally 23．him 24．to 25．grows 【导语】本文讲述了汤姆在春日和伙伴探索森林，发现古树、收集种子，回家后种下小花园，把这段自然冒险的经历写进日记，期待种子未来带来惊喜，也领悟到小种子有了充足的阳光雨露就能好好成长的故事。 【详解】16．句意：汤姆坐在一棵树下，开始写日记。空前后是两个顺承发生的动作，用并列连词and连接。 17．句意：今天，我和朋友们去森林探险了。全文整体为一般过去时，讲述当天发生过的事，explore变为过去式explored。 18．句意：在树林深处，我们发现了一棵非常古老的树，它的树枝仿佛是历史的篇章，讲述着过去的故事。branch是可数名词，树有很多树枝，用复数形式branches。 19．句意：汤姆的爷爷教过他如何通过年轮判断树的年龄。动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，teach的过去式为taught。 20．句意：一天的冒险结束后，他们在背包里装满了鲜花和种子。day是以辅音音素开头的单数名词，表示“一”用不定冠词a。 21．句意：回到家，汤姆用这些种子种了一个小花园。固定搭配use sth. to do sth.“用某物做某事”，填不定式to plant。 22．句意：最后，他开心地写下了一天的经历。此处修饰整个句子，要用final的副词形式finally，句首首字母大写。 23．句意：他相信这些大自然的种子未来会给他带来更多惊喜。bring是动词，后接人称代词宾格，he的宾格是him。 24．句意：他合上日记本，期待下一次森林探险。固定短语look forward to“期待”，介词to不可省略。 25．句意：他意识到一个普遍的道理：每颗小种子只要有充足的水和阳光，都能茁壮成长。冒号后是客观真理，用一般现在时；主语“every small seed”为单数，谓语动词用三单形式grows。 三、选词填空 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，并将答案填写到答题卡的相应位置。每个词限用一次。 child  number  cause  help  advice  heavy  already  quick  everyone  since  remind How many adults will be overweight in China by 2050? About 630 million, according to a study. Now China has made a plan 26 solve this problem. The plan will set up “weight control clinics (诊所)” across the country. Doctors at these clinics will give 27 on weight control. Obesity (肥胖) has greatly increased in China over the past 40 years. By 2021, more than 400 million adults were too 28 . That’s more than double the 29 in the U.S. and India. Being overweight is bad for your health. It can 30 many problems, such as high blood pressure and heart problems. Some big cities 31 have weight control clinics. But some poor areas have problems. According to a study, more people in some poor areas have become overweight since 2005. Some online ads sell “magic pills” for 32 weight loss (丢失). Experts say they can be harmful. China is now making safer diet pills to help people eat less. This country hopes that 33 will support this plan. For example, hotels are asked to put a scale (秤) in each room. This 34 people to stay healthy. Schools are encouraged to teach 35 about healthy eating. 【答案】 26. to help 27. advice 28. heavy 29. number 30. cause 31. already 32. quick 33. everyone 34. reminds 35．children 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国成人超重问题严峻，国家出台计划设立体重控制诊所加以应对。 【详解】26．句意：研究称2050年中国将有约6.3亿超重成年人，如今中国制定计划来解决这一问题。计划的目的是帮助解决问题，help意为“帮助”，此处用动词不定式作后置定语作目的状语，因此填to help。 27．句意：诊所医生会给出体重管控相关建议。此处指控制体重的建议或方法，give advice意为“提建议”，advice是不可数名词，因此填advice。 28．句意：2021年已有超4亿成年人体重超标。系动词were后接形容词作表语，结合前文讨论肥胖问题的语境，heavy意为“体重过重的”符合语义，因此填heavy。 29．句意：这一超重人数是美国与印度超重人数的两倍多。定冠词the后接名词，此处是比较体重超标的人数，number表示“数量”，指代前文超重成年人的数量，因此填number。 30．句意：超重危害身体健康，会引发高血压、心脏病等诸多问题。情态动词can后需要动词原形作谓语，结合“超重带来健康问题”的语境，cause意为“引发”符合语义，因此填cause。 31．句意：一些大城市已经开设体重控制诊所，但贫困地区存在一些问题。此处需要副词修饰动词have，结合后文“贫困地区存在相关难题”的转折语境，already“已经”符合语义，因此填already。 32．句意：一些线上广告售卖用于快速减重的“神奇药丸”。此处需要形容词修饰名词短语weight loss，quick意为“快速的”符合减肥药宣传的语境，因此填quick。 33．句意：中国希望所有人都支持这项体重控制计划。此处需要不定代词作宾语从句的主语，结合后文号召不同场所配合计划的语境，everyone意为“所有人”符合语义，因此填everyone。 34．句意：例如酒店被要求在客房摆放体重秤，这一做法提醒人们保持健康。此处需要动词作谓语，主语this是第三人称单数，全文为一般现在时，结合“提醒人们保持健康”的语义，remind要变为第三人称单数形式reminds，因此填reminds。 35．句意：学校被鼓励向孩子们讲授健康饮食知识。此处需要名词作teach的宾语，结合语境学校的教育对象是多名儿童，需要用名词复数，child变为复数children符合语义，因此填children。 四、补全对话 阅读下面的短文，根据中文提示完成句子。 The next day, Jane talked about the party with her friend Tom. Tom: Hi, Jane! What did you do yesterday? Jane: I had a birthday party. Tom: Really? 36 (你喜欢你的生日派对吗？) Jane: Yes, of course! We had it in a garden. 37 (花园和画一样美丽。) Tom: Did you have birthday cake? Jane: Yes. It was a big strawberry cake. 38 (它很好吃。) I couldn’t stop eating! Tom: That sounds amazing! Jane: And my parents gave me a guitar and a bike as birthday gifts. Tom: Wow! You must be very happy. Jane: Yeah. 39 (我是最幸福的女孩。) Let’s ride bikes together after school! Tom: OK. 40 (别忘了带些水。) It’s hot today. 【答案】36．Did you like your birthday party? 37．The garden was as beautiful as a painting. 38．It was quite delicious. 39．I am the happiest girl. 40．Don’t forget to take some water. 【导语】本文围绕“生日派对”展开对话，Jane向好朋友Tom分享了自己昨天生日派对的具体情况，包括举办的地点、美味的草莓蛋糕以及收到的生日礼物，最后两人约定放学后一起去骑自行车。 【详解】36．上文Jane提到自己举办了生日派对（I had a birthday party.），此处Tom对此进一步提问。根据中文提示“你喜欢你的生日派对吗？”，需要将其转化为英语的一般疑问句。此处填入“Did you like your birthday party?”。 37．上文Jane提到派对是在花园里举办的（We had it in a garden.），此处进一步描述花园的景色。根据中文提示“花园和画一样美丽。”，“as + 形容词原级 + as”的同级比较结构，表示“和……一样”。主语“花园”为The garden，因此此处填入“The garden was as beautiful as a painting.”。 38．上文Jane提到这是一个很大的草莓蛋糕，下文补充“我简直一直吃个不停（I couldn’t stop eating!）”，说明蛋糕味道非常好。根据中文提示“它很好吃。”，主语用“It”代指蛋糕，时态随上下文保持一般过去时，因此此处填入“It was quite delicious.”。 39．上文Tom听闻礼物后感叹Jane一定很开心（You must be very happy.），Jane对此表示认同。根据中文提示“我是最幸福的女孩。”，“幸福的”为happy，其最高级形式前需加定冠词the，变y为i加est。因此此处填入“I am the happiest girl.”。 40．上文Jane提议放学后一起去骑车，Tom答应后，结合下文“今天天气很热（It’s hot today.）”给出建议。根据中文提示“别忘了带些水。”，否定祈使句结构“Don’t do sth.”以及固定搭配“forget to do sth.”（忘记去做某事）。“带些水”表述为take some water，因此此处填入“Don’t forget to take some water.”。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $