内容正文:
考点02 感叹句
考|点|梳|理
一、概念:
感叹句是用来表达说话者说话时的惊异、喜悦、愤怒、气愤等强烈思想感情的句子,后加“!”符号。
1.其结构常由感叹词“What/How+感叹的部分+主语+谓语!”构成。
①what引导感叹句时,意为“多么”,是形容词,用来强调名词;
②how引导感叹句时,意为“多么”,是副词,用来强调动词、形容词、副词;
2.有时感叹句也可以由一个单词、词组、祈使句、陈述句等构成。
如:Good idea! 好主意!
Wonderful!/Great!/Good! 太精彩了!/太好了!/好!
Thank goodness! 谢天谢地!
本节课主要学习由what和how引导的感叹句的用法。
二、what引导的感叹句(中心词为名词)
①What + a/an + adj.+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如:
What a kind heart you have! 你的心肠真好!
②What + adj. +不可数名词/可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!如:
What interesting stories he’s told us! 他给我们讲的故事真有趣!
What great progress she has made! 她取得了多么大的进步啊!
补充说明:
(1)a/an的选择:取决于形容词后的名词音标开头音素,元音音素用an,辅音音素用a。
如: What an honest boy (he is)! 多么诚实的男孩啊!(honest以元音音素/ɒ/开头)
(2)主语和谓语的省略:口语中常省略,仅保留 “What +名词短语” 结构。
如:What a pity! 真遗憾!(省略 it is)
(3) 在感叹句中,有些不可数名词前有形容词修饰,使抽象名词具体化时,则要用 a/an。如:rain, storm, snow, surprise, breakfast, lunch, supper, time 等。
如:What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一场雨啊!
What a great surprise it is! 这是一个多么大的惊喜啊!
三、how引导的感叹句(中心词为形容词或副词)
①How + adj./adv.(+主语+谓语)!如:
How clever the boy is! 这男孩真聪明!
②How + adj. + a/an +单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如:
How clever a boy he is! 他真是个聪明的男孩!
③How+主语+谓语!如:
How time flies! 时间过得真快呀!
【拓展】如何判断用what还是how来引导感叹句:
1.凡是以a/an开头的,多用what;
2.凡是形容词直接加名词的,多用what;此处尤其要注意一些不可数名词与形容词连用的情况,如:weather,news,advice,fun,information,work,traffic等;
3.其他一般用how。
口诀助记:感叹句要记牢,句子主谓先划掉,再来确定what/how;再在形容词后找,若有名词用what,没有名词用how。
四、感叹句的省略形式
1. what类感叹句省略形式:可以省略形容词或主语和谓语。
如:What a pity! 真遗憾! 这里省略了 it is。
What fools! 多么愚蠢的人啊! 这里省略了 they are。
2. how类感叹句的省略形式:可以省略句中的主语和谓语。
如:How wonderful! 太精彩了! 完整形式可能是 How wonderful it is!
How fast! 多么快啊! 完整形式可能是 How fast he runs!
五、陈述句改感叹句
陈述句改感叹句陈述句变为感叹句时,常使用“一断二加三换位”的方法:
1.“一断”,即在谓语后边断开,使句子分为两部分。
如:She is / a beautiful girl. 她是一位美丽的姑娘。
He works / hard. 他工作努力。
2.“二加”,即如果第二部分为副词、形容词,就加上how;如果是一个名词(词组),就加上what。
如:She is / (what) a beautiful girl. He works / (how) hard.
3.“三换位”,即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置,同时把句号换为感叹号。
如:What a beautiful girl she is! 她是多么一位美丽的姑娘啊!
How hard he works! 他工作多么努力啊!
【注意】
若陈述句中有very , so, pretty ,such 等修饰形容词、副词时,变感叹句时,须将这些词删掉。
He is very smart. → How smart he is !
He is a pretty smart boy. → What a smart boy he is !
六、易混点辨析与特殊用法
1. 感叹句的引导词是what还是how的快速判断法:
What 引导
How 引导
1.确定核心词
名词
(必须有名词在what后)
形容词/副词
(直接修饰形容词/副词)
2.可数名词
单数
What + a/an +形容词+名词
如:What a beautiful flower!
多么美丽的一朵花啊!
How +形容词+ a/an +名词
如:How beautiful a flower!
多么美丽的一朵花啊!
3.不可数名词 / 复数名词
What +形容词+不可数名词 / 复数名词
不可直接修饰,需借助陈述句结构
判断感叹句的引导词是what还是how,可以遵循以下三步骤:
(1)先把主谓和后面的其他部分去掉
(2)判断中心词的词性(n/v/adj/adv)
①如果最后一个词是名词,用what;如果是形容词或副词,用how。
②若没有主谓,则看句末词来定。句末词是名词用what,是形容词或副词用how。
(3)确定a/an/不填
①如果最后一个词是形容词或副词,只能填how,没有how a/an;
②如果最后一个词是不可数名词/可数名词复数,只能填what;
③如果最后一个词是可数名词单数,则用what a (+辅音开头的单词 ) /an(+元音开头的单词)
基础过关
1、 用所给单词适当形式填空
1.How ________ (simple) it is to make this dish!
2.How fantastic the tower ________ (look)!
3.What an amazing concert the famous ________ gave in the city! (music)
4.How ________ (happy) they are flying kites in the park!
5.What a ________ (snow) day! Children can have big snowball fights.
6.What a ________ (love) cake! I’d like to eat it.
7.We just visited the Yulong Mountain. How ________ (forget) the landscape was!
8.How ________ (smell) the yogurt is! It has gone bad, so don’t drink it.
9.What ________ (shock) news it was! We couldn’t believe it.
10.How ________ it is to meet new friends at my new school! (amaze)
二、完成句子
11.多么好的天气啊!
________ fine weather it is!
12.这道菜看起来多美味啊!
________ delicious the dish ________!
13.多香的味道啊!
________ an amazing ________!
14.这汤的味道多么鲜美啊!
________ ________ the soup tastes!
________ delicious the soup is!
15.多么令人兴奋的消息啊!
________ ________ news it is!
________ ________ the news is!
16.多么可爱的熊猫宝宝啊!我相信只要我们共同努力,它们就能在安全的环境里快乐生活。
________ ________ the baby pandas are! I believe that as long as we work together, they can live happily in a safe environment.
17.那个蛋糕闻起来真香!
__________ nice the cake smells!
18.多么有趣的一本书啊!
__________ an interesting book it is!
19.你跑得真快!
__________ fast you run!
20.熊猫看起来多么可爱啊!
__________ cute the pandas look!
三、选词填空
用What或How填空。
21. lovely the baby panda in Chengdu is!
22. a wonderful time we had during the Spring Festival!
23. amazing the performances of Harbin Ice and Snow World are!
24. beautiful music the guzheng plays!
25. delicious Anhui stinky tofu smells!
选用方框中的句子完成感叹句。
What an amazing smell! What a mess! What luck! How delicious! How clever you are! How wonderful life is!
26.— The kitchen is so dirty after cooking.
—
27.— I won the lottery!
—
28.— This dish tastes so good.
—
29.— You solved the maths problem so fast.
—
30.— The flowers in the garden are so beautiful in spring.
—
31.— Can you smell the fresh bread?
—
用 what 或 how 完成感叹句
32. tall the boy is! He can play basketball very well.
33. a nice dress it is! Where did you buy it?
34. delicious the food is! I want to eat more.
35. fast the runner runs! He won the race easily.
36. beautiful flowers they are! I want to take a photo of them.
37. a clever boy he is! He solved the problem quickly.
38. sweet the music is! It makes me feel relaxed.
39. carefully she writes! Her handwriting is perfect.
40. terrible news it is! We are all sad.
41. a wonderful trip it was! We had a good time.
42. happy the children are! They are playing games.
43. big the house is! It has five bedrooms.
44. a cold day it is! Put on your coat.
45. slowly the old man walks! Let’s help him.
46. interesting the story is! I want to read it again.
47. beautiful the sunset is! Let’s enjoy it.
48. a good teacher she is! We all love her.
49. loud the music is! It’s too noisy.
50. great the party is! We are all having fun.
51. a small cat it is! It’s only one month old.
能力提升
一、语法选择
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It’s five o’clock in the afternoon. School finishes and the students from Class 3 can go to Grandma Liang’s house. Grandma Liang is seventy years old and she has no sons 1 daughters. So the children often go to help her 2 the housework.
Now the children are in Grandma Liang’s home. Grandma Liang is very 3 to see them. She thinks these children are very nice. Look! Lily 4 with Grandma Liang in the living room. She knows that Grandma Liang always feels 5 because she doesn’t have anyone to talk to. Betty is cleaning the windows. Grandma Liang is too old 6 it. Jane is washing clothes 7 . Where is Ann? Oh, she is in the kitchen. She is busy 8 dinner for Grandma Liang. She knows Grandma Liang’s favourite food is 9 . What is Jim doing? He is in the kitchen, too. He is helping Ann. 10 good children they are!
1.A.but B.and C.or
2.A.with B.about C.from
3.A.happily B.happiness C.happy
4.A.talks B.is talking C.talk
5.A.lonely B.tired C.glad
6.A.do B.doing C.to do
7.A.careless B.careful C.carefully
8.A.making B.makes C.made
9.A.chicken B.chickens C.chicken’s
10.A.What a B.What C.How
二、情景运用
根据每小题所提供的图画情景和提示词,写出一个与图画情景相符的句子。
11.taste ____________________________________________
12.be interested, shoot ____________________________________________
13.pain, yesterday ____________________________________________
14.prevent, cut ____________________________________________
15.ask, play ____________________________________________
三、短文填空
阅读下面短文并填空,然后将答案写到答题卡的相应位置(如有提示词,则填入提示词的正确形式:如无提示词,则填入1个适当的单词)。注意大小写。
On October 1st, 1949, the People’s Republic of China was founded. Since then, people in China have celebrated National Day every year. It is one of the 16 (long) Chinese public (公共的) holidays.
To celebrate this special day, Chinese people 17 (usual) have seven days off. And most of them choose to take a vacation. During the tourist rush season, few scenic spots (景区) in China are 18 (crowded). And all the workers in restaurants and hotels are busy. Of course, some people choose to go back to their hometowns during the holiday. They help their parents with housework or farm work and experience the feeling of family gathering until 19 end of the holiday.
National Day also 20 (involve) many other customs. During the holiday, people can see China’s national flags everywhere in the streets. What’s more, different 21 (celebrate) are held across the country. Both adults and children can have great fun joining in 22 (they).
However, China’s National Day is not just about fun. It’s also a time for people 23 (express) their admiration (钦佩) for those who fought bravely for freedom (自由) and helped set up the People’s Republic of China. It reminds all Chinese people to remember history and tells them that a brighter future waits in the 24 (come) years as long as they work hard together.
25 meaningful the holiday is!
阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,使短文通顺完整,每空一词。
A Warm Letter from a Volunteer
Dear head teacher,
I’m writing to apply for the school volunteer team. I’m Li Hua from Class 3, Grade Eight. I want to take part 26 the after-school tutoring volunteer work.
I am patient and good at English and math. I have enough free time every Wednesday afternoon. I know many Grade Seven students have problems 27 their school subjects. I hope I can explain difficult knowledge points to them clearly.
I always believe that small acts of kindness can make 28 big difference. I won’t be late for volunteer tasks and I will finish all my work carefully. If I get this chance, I will try my best 29 help every student who needs support.
Could you please reply to my letter soon? I’m looking forward 30 your answer.
Yours,
Li Hua
19 / 21
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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考点02 感叹句
考|点|梳|理
一、概念:
感叹句是用来表达说话者说话时的惊异、喜悦、愤怒、气愤等强烈思想感情的句子,后加“!”符号。
1.其结构常由感叹词“What/How+感叹的部分+主语+谓语!”构成。
①what引导感叹句时,意为“多么”,是形容词,用来强调名词;
②how引导感叹句时,意为“多么”,是副词,用来强调动词、形容词、副词;
2.有时感叹句也可以由一个单词、词组、祈使句、陈述句等构成。
如:Good idea! 好主意!
Wonderful!/Great!/Good! 太精彩了!/太好了!/好!
Thank goodness! 谢天谢地!
本节课主要学习由what和how引导的感叹句的用法。
二、what引导的感叹句(中心词为名词)
①What + a/an + adj.+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如:
What a kind heart you have! 你的心肠真好!
②What + adj. +不可数名词/可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!如:
What interesting stories he’s told us! 他给我们讲的故事真有趣!
What great progress she has made! 她取得了多么大的进步啊!
补充说明:
(1)a/an的选择:取决于形容词后的名词音标开头音素,元音音素用an,辅音音素用a。
如: What an honest boy (he is)! 多么诚实的男孩啊!(honest以元音音素/ɒ/开头)
(2)主语和谓语的省略:口语中常省略,仅保留 “What +名词短语” 结构。
如:What a pity! 真遗憾!(省略 it is)
(3) 在感叹句中,有些不可数名词前有形容词修饰,使抽象名词具体化时,则要用 a/an。如:rain, storm, snow, surprise, breakfast, lunch, supper, time 等。
如:What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一场雨啊!
What a great surprise it is! 这是一个多么大的惊喜啊!
三、how引导的感叹句(中心词为形容词或副词)
①How + adj./adv.(+主语+谓语)!如:
How clever the boy is! 这男孩真聪明!
②How + adj. + a/an +单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如:
How clever a boy he is! 他真是个聪明的男孩!
③How+主语+谓语!如:
How time flies! 时间过得真快呀!
【拓展】如何判断用what还是how来引导感叹句:
1.凡是以a/an开头的,多用what;
2.凡是形容词直接加名词的,多用what;此处尤其要注意一些不可数名词与形容词连用的情况,如:weather,news,advice,fun,information,work,traffic等;
3.其他一般用how。
口诀助记:感叹句要记牢,句子主谓先划掉,再来确定what/how;再在形容词后找,若有名词用what,没有名词用how。
四、感叹句的省略形式
1. what类感叹句省略形式:可以省略形容词或主语和谓语。
如:What a pity! 真遗憾! 这里省略了 it is。
What fools! 多么愚蠢的人啊! 这里省略了 they are。
2. how类感叹句的省略形式:可以省略句中的主语和谓语。
如:How wonderful! 太精彩了! 完整形式可能是 How wonderful it is!
How fast! 多么快啊! 完整形式可能是 How fast he runs!
五、陈述句改感叹句
陈述句改感叹句陈述句变为感叹句时,常使用“一断二加三换位”的方法:
1.“一断”,即在谓语后边断开,使句子分为两部分。
如:She is / a beautiful girl. 她是一位美丽的姑娘。
He works / hard. 他工作努力。
2.“二加”,即如果第二部分为副词、形容词,就加上how;如果是一个名词(词组),就加上what。
如:She is / (what) a beautiful girl. He works / (how) hard.
3.“三换位”,即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置,同时把句号换为感叹号。
如:What a beautiful girl she is! 她是多么一位美丽的姑娘啊!
How hard he works! 他工作多么努力啊!
【注意】
若陈述句中有very , so, pretty ,such 等修饰形容词、副词时,变感叹句时,须将这些词删掉。
He is very smart. → How smart he is !
He is a pretty smart boy. → What a smart boy he is !
六、易混点辨析与特殊用法
1. 感叹句的引导词是what还是how的快速判断法:
What 引导
How 引导
1.确定核心词
名词
(必须有名词在what后)
形容词/副词
(直接修饰形容词/副词)
2.可数名词
单数
What + a/an +形容词+名词
如:What a beautiful flower!
多么美丽的一朵花啊!
How +形容词+ a/an +名词
如:How beautiful a flower!
多么美丽的一朵花啊!
3.不可数名词 / 复数名词
What +形容词+不可数名词 / 复数名词
不可直接修饰,需借助陈述句结构
判断感叹句的引导词是what还是how,可以遵循以下三步骤:
(1)先把主谓和后面的其他部分去掉
(2)判断中心词的词性(n/v/adj/adv)
①如果最后一个词是名词,用what;如果是形容词或副词,用how。
②若没有主谓,则看句末词来定。句末词是名词用what,是形容词或副词用how。
(3)确定a/an/不填
①如果最后一个词是形容词或副词,只能填how,没有how a/an;
②如果最后一个词是不可数名词/可数名词复数,只能填what;
③如果最后一个词是可数名词单数,则用what a (+辅音开头的单词 ) /an(+元音开头的单词)
基础过关
1、 用所给单词适当形式填空
1.How ________ (simple) it is to make this dish!
【答案】simple
【详解】句意:做这道菜多么简单啊!“How”引导感叹句,结构为“How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语”;由“it is”可知,空处应填形容词。simple本身就是形容词,意为“简单的”,符合句意,故填simple。
2.How fantastic the tower ________ (look)!
【答案】looks
【详解】句意:这座塔看起来多么奇妙啊!这是一个感叹句,结构为“How+形容词+主语+谓语”。主语the tower为第三人称单数,描述一般事实,应用一般现在时,故填looks。
3.What an amazing concert the famous ________ gave in the city! (music)
【答案】musician
【详解】句意:这位著名音乐家在这座城市举办的音乐会太精彩了!句中“the famous...”提示空格处需填入名词,在句中作主语,提示词music对应指人的名词为musician,此处表特指,用单数形式。故填musician。
4.How ________ (happy) they are flying kites in the park!
【答案】happily
【详解】句意:他们在公园放风筝多开心啊!根据“How…they are flying kites in the park.”及提示词可知,空处应用副词修饰动词“are flying kites”,happy“高兴的”,形容词,副词为happily。故填happily。
5.What a ________ (snow) day! Children can have big snowball fights.
【答案】snowy
【详解】句意:多雪的一天啊!孩子们可以打一场大型的雪仗。snow意为“雪”,名词或动词。此处修饰名词“day”,应用形容词形式snowy,表示“多雪的”。故填snowy。
6.What a ________ (love) cake! I’d like to eat it.
【答案】lovely
【详解】句意:多么可爱的蛋糕啊!我想吃它。love“爱”,动词。空格处修饰名词“cake”,需用形容词形式。lovely意为“可爱的”。故填lovely。
7.We just visited the Yulong Mountain. How ________ (forget) the landscape was!
【答案】unforgettable
【详解】句意:我们刚刚游览了玉龙雪山。那里的景色多么令人难忘啊!forget “忘记”,此处指景色令人难忘,unforgettable意为“令人难忘的”,符合“How+形容词+主语+谓语!”的感叹句结构。故填unforgettable。
8.How ________ (smell) the yogurt is! It has gone bad, so don’t drink it.
【答案】smelly
【详解】句意:这酸奶好臭啊!它已经变质了,所以别喝了。根据“How...(smell) the yogurt is!”可知,此处是感叹句“How+形容词/副词+主谓”,结合“is”可知,空处应是形容词smelly“发臭的”,作表语。故填smelly。
9.What ________ (shock) news it was! We couldn’t believe it.
【答案】shocking
【详解】句意:这是多么令人震惊的消息啊!我们简直不敢相信。根据“What...news”可知,横线处需填形容词来修饰名词news,shock“震惊”,动词或名词,其形容词形式有shocked和shocking,shocked通常用于描述人的感受,意为“感到震惊的”;而shocking则用于描述事物本身的性质,意为“令人震惊的”。由于此处是修饰news(消息),所以应使用shocking。故填shocking。
10.How ________ it is to meet new friends at my new school! (amaze)
【答案】amazing
【详解】句意:在我的新学校结交新朋友是多么令人惊喜啊!分析句子可知,本句是“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”结构的感叹句,此处“How”后面需要接形容词;“amaze”是动词,意为“使惊奇”,其形容词形式有“amazing”和“amazed”;“amazing”主要用来形容事物“令人惊奇的,惊人的”,主语是物;“amazed”主要用来形容人“感到惊奇的”,主语是人;此处描述的是“在新学校结交新朋友”这件事情令人惊奇,是对事物的描述,所以要用“amazing”。故填amazing。
二、完成句子
11.多么好的天气啊!
________ fine weather it is!
【答案】What
【详解】原句中“多么好的”是关键词,对应的英文感叹句结构为“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!”或“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”。本句“fine weather”中“weather”为不可数名词,应用“What”引导。
12.这道菜看起来多美味啊!
________ delicious the dish ________!
【答案】 How looks
【详解】原句中“多美味……啊”是关键词,本句为感叹句型,需要用How修饰形容词delicious;第二空关键词“看起来”,英文为look,主语the dish是单数名词,一般现在时中谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式looks。
13.多香的味道啊!
________ an amazing ________!
【答案】 What smell
【详解】原句中“多……啊”和“味道”是关键词。根据中文“多……啊”可知,该句为感叹句,感叹句修饰的是核心词名词smell“味道”,为可数名词单数。修饰名词应用What引导,结构为:What+a/an+形容词+名词单数(+主语+谓语)! ①空位于句首,首字母大写;表示“味道”的英文名词是smell,因此①填What;②填smell。
14.这汤的味道多么鲜美啊!
________ ________ the soup tastes!
________ delicious the soup is!
【答案】 How delicious How
【详解】考查how引导的感叹句,how后直接加形容词,两种基础句式分别为“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 感官动词!” 和 “How + 形容词 + 主语 + be 动词!”。 第一句后半部分是主语the soup搭配感官动词tastes,形容词“鲜美的”对应单词delicious,句首用How 引导感叹句,故①填How,②填delicious; 第二句后半部分是形容词delicious、主语the soup搭配be动词is,同样用How置于句首引导感叹句,故③填How。
15.多么令人兴奋的消息啊!
________ ________ news it is!
________ ________ the news is!
【答案】 What exciting How exciting
【详解】第一句,what引导感叹句的结构为“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语”,news是不可数名词,exciting用来修饰news,故填What;exciting。第二句,how引导感叹句的结构为“How+形容词+主语+谓语”,exciting放在the news前作表语,故填How;exciting。
16.多么可爱的熊猫宝宝啊!我相信只要我们共同努力,它们就能在安全的环境里快乐生活。
________ ________ the baby pandas are! I believe that as long as we work together, they can live happily in a safe environment.
【答案】 How lovely
【详解】原句中“多么可爱啊”是关键词。本句是感叹句。感叹句的结构有两种:What修饰名词,结构为:What+a(n)+名词+主谓;How修饰形容词/副词,结构为:How+形容词/副词+主谓。“可爱的”对应的是形容词lovely,用How引导感叹句。注意句首单词首字母大写。
17.那个蛋糕闻起来真香!
__________ nice the cake smells!
【答案】How
【详解】本句“真……”是关键词,句末感叹号及句意“那个蛋糕闻起来真香!”,可知本句为感叹句。本句中心词是形容词“nice”,且后面没有名词,符合How引导的结构。位于句首,首字母要大写。所以填How。
18.多么有趣的一本书啊!
__________ an interesting book it is!
【答案】What
【详解】根据句末“!”可知,句子为感叹句;感叹句主要由What或How引导:What修饰名词,结构为:What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语! How修饰形容词或副词,结构为:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!本题中,感叹句被修饰的中心词是名词book,且后面已有an,符合What引导的感叹句结构。因位于句首,首字母需大写,应填What。
19.你跑得真快!
__________ fast you run!
【答案】How
【详解】原句中“真快”提示本句为感叹句。根据空后的副词“fast”以及主谓结构“you run”可知,此处是由How引导的感叹句,其固定结构为“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”。因其位于句首,首字母需大写。
20.熊猫看起来多么可爱啊!
__________ cute the pandas look!
【答案】How
【详解】根据句末感叹号及中文,确定本句关键词“多么……啊”,这是感叹句。感叹句通常由What或How引导。What修饰名词,How修饰形容词或副词。空格后是形容词cute,且句子结构符合“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!”,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填How。
三、选词填空
用What或How填空。
21. lovely the baby panda in Chengdu is!
22. a wonderful time we had during the Spring Festival!
23. amazing the performances of Harbin Ice and Snow World are!
24. beautiful music the guzheng plays!
25. delicious Anhui stinky tofu smells!
【答案】21.How 22.What 23.How 24.What 25.How
【详解】21.句意:成都的熊猫宝宝多可爱啊!本句中心词为形容词“lovely”,符合How引导的感叹句结构“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!”,应用How引导感叹句。
22.句意:春节期间我们过得多么愉快啊!本句出现了固定短语“a wonderful time”,属于“a + 形容词 + 可数名词单数”结构,符合What引导的感叹句结构“What + a + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!”,应用What引导感叹句。
23.句意:哈尔滨冰雪大世界的表演太精彩了!本句中心词为形容词“amazing”,符合How引导的感叹句结构“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!”,应用How引导感叹句。
24.句意:古筝弹奏的音乐多么优美啊!本句中心词为不可数名词“music”,符合What引导的感叹句结构“What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!”,应用What引导感叹句。
25.句意:安徽臭豆腐闻起来太美味了!本句中心词为形容词“delicious”,符合How引导的感叹句结构“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!”,应用How引导感叹句。
选用方框中的句子完成感叹句。
What an amazing smell! What a mess! What luck! How delicious! How clever you are! How wonderful life is!
26.— The kitchen is so dirty after cooking.
—
27.— I won the lottery!
—
28.— This dish tastes so good.
—
29.— You solved the maths problem so fast.
—
30.— The flowers in the garden are so beautiful in spring.
—
31.— Can you smell the fresh bread?
—
【答案】26.What a mess! 27.What luck! 28.How delicious! 29.How clever you are! 30.How wonderful life is! 31.What an amazing smell!
【详解】26.句意:——做饭后厨房太脏了。——真是一团糟!根据前文“The kitchen is so dirty”可知厨房很脏,感叹句需用What a mess!表示“真是一团糟”,中心词mess为可数名词单数,用What a引导。
27.句意:——我中彩票了!——真幸运!根据前文“won the lottery”可知中彩票是幸运的事,感叹句需用What luck!表示“真幸运”,luck为不可数名词,用What引导。
28.句意:——这道菜尝起来太好吃了。——太好吃了!根据前文“tastes so good”可知食物很好吃,感叹句需用How delicious!表示“太好吃了”,中心词delicious为形容词,用How引导。
29.句意:——你这么快就解出了数学题。——你真聪明!根据前文“solved the maths problem so fast”可知对方很聪明,感叹句需用How clever you are!表示“你真聪明”,中心词clever为形容词,用How引导。
30.句意:——春天花园里的花太美了。——生活是多么美好啊!根据前文“The flowers...are so beautiful”可知春天很美,感叹句需用How wonderful life is!表示“生活是多么美好啊”,中心词wonderful为形容词,用How引导。
31.句意:——你能闻到新鲜面包的味道吗?——多么惊人的气味啊!根据前文“smell the fresh bread”可知面包气味很好,感叹句需用What an amazing smell!表示“多么惊人的气味”,中心词smell为可数名词单数,amazing以元音音素开头,用What an引导。
用 what 或 how 完成感叹句
32. tall the boy is! He can play basketball very well.
33. a nice dress it is! Where did you buy it?
34. delicious the food is! I want to eat more.
35. fast the runner runs! He won the race easily.
36. beautiful flowers they are! I want to take a photo of them.
37. a clever boy he is! He solved the problem quickly.
38. sweet the music is! It makes me feel relaxed.
39. carefully she writes! Her handwriting is perfect.
40. terrible news it is! We are all sad.
41. a wonderful trip it was! We had a good time.
42. happy the children are! They are playing games.
43. big the house is! It has five bedrooms.
44. a cold day it is! Put on your coat.
45. slowly the old man walks! Let’s help him.
46. interesting the story is! I want to read it again.
47. beautiful the sunset is! Let’s enjoy it.
48. a good teacher she is! We all love her.
49. loud the music is! It’s too noisy.
50. great the party is! We are all having fun.
51. a small cat it is! It’s only one month old.
【答案】
32.How 33.What 34.How 35.How 36.What 37.What 38.How 39.How 40.What 41.What 42.How 43.How 44.What 45.How 46.How 47.How 48.What 49.How 50.How 51.What
【详解】32.句意:这个男孩真高啊!他篮球打得非常好。感叹句的中心词是形容词tall,且其后紧跟主语the boy,符合“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!”的结构,故填How。
33.句意:多漂亮的连衣裙啊!你在哪里买的?感叹句的中心词是名词dress,其前有冠词a和形容词nice,符合“What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!”的结构,故填What。
34.句意:这食物真好吃啊!我想再吃一些。感叹句的中心词是形容词delicious,且其后紧跟主语the food,符合“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!”的结构,故填How。
35.句意:这个跑步者跑得真快啊!他轻松赢得了比赛。感叹句的中心词是副词fast,修饰动词runs,符合“How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!”的结构,故填How。
36.句意:多漂亮的花啊!我想给它们拍张照片。感叹句的中心词是复数名词flowers,其前有形容词beautiful,符合“What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语!”的结构,故填What。
37.句意:多么聪明的男孩啊!他很快解决了问题。感叹句的中心词是名词boy,其前有冠词a和形容词clever,符合“What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!”的结构,故填What。
38.句意:这音乐真悦耳啊!它让我感到放松。感叹句的中心词是形容词sweet,且其后紧跟主语the music,符合“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!”的结构,故填How。
39.句意:她写得真仔细啊!她的字迹很完美。感叹句的中心词是副词carefully,修饰动词writes,符合“How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!”的结构,故填How。
40.句意:多么糟糕的消息啊!我们都很悲伤。感叹句的中心词是不可数名词news,其前有形容词terrible,符合“What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!”的结构,故填What。
41.句意:多么美好的一次旅行啊!我们玩得很开心。感叹句的中心词是名词trip,其前有冠词a和形容词wonderful,符合“What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!”的结构,故填What。
42.句意:孩子们多开心啊!他们在玩游戏。感叹句的中心词是形容词happy,且其后紧跟主语the children,符合“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!”的结构,故填How。
43.句意:这房子真大啊!它有五间卧室。感叹句的中心词是形容词big,且其后紧跟主语the house,符合“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!”的结构,故填How。
44.句意:多冷的一天啊!穿上外套。感叹句的中心词是名词day,其前有冠词a和形容词cold,符合“What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!”的结构,故填What。
45.句意:这位老人走得多慢啊!我们帮帮他吧。感叹句的中心词是副词slowly,修饰动词walks,符合“How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!”的结构,故填How。
46.句意:这个故事真有趣啊!我想再读一遍。感叹句的中心词是形容词interesting,且其后紧跟主语the story,符合“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!”的结构,故填How。
47.句意:这日落真美啊!我们一起欣赏吧。感叹句的中心词是形容词beautiful,且其后紧跟主语the sunset,符合“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!”的结构,故填How。
48.句意:多好的老师啊!我们都爱她。感叹句的中心词是名词teacher,其前有冠词a和形容词good,符合“What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!”的结构,故填What。
49.句意:这音乐真吵啊!太嘈杂了。感叹句的中心词是形容词loud,且其后紧跟主语the music,符合“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!”的结构,故填How。
50.句意:这聚会真棒啊!我们都玩得很开心。感叹句的中心词是形容词great,且其后紧跟主语the party,符合“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!”的结构,故填How。
51.句意:多小的一只猫啊!它才一个月大。感叹句的中心词是名词cat,其前有冠词a和形容词small,符合“What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!”的结构,故填What。
能力提升
一、语法选择
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It’s five o’clock in the afternoon. School finishes and the students from Class 3 can go to Grandma Liang’s house. Grandma Liang is seventy years old and she has no sons 1 daughters. So the children often go to help her 2 the housework.
Now the children are in Grandma Liang’s home. Grandma Liang is very 3 to see them. She thinks these children are very nice. Look! Lily 4 with Grandma Liang in the living room. She knows that Grandma Liang always feels 5 because she doesn’t have anyone to talk to. Betty is cleaning the windows. Grandma Liang is too old 6 it. Jane is washing clothes 7 . Where is Ann? Oh, she is in the kitchen. She is busy 8 dinner for Grandma Liang. She knows Grandma Liang’s favourite food is 9 . What is Jim doing? He is in the kitchen, too. He is helping Ann. 10 good children they are!
1.A.but B.and C.or
2.A.with B.about C.from
3.A.happily B.happiness C.happy
4.A.talks B.is talking C.talk
5.A.lonely B.tired C.glad
6.A.do B.doing C.to do
7.A.careless B.careful C.carefully
8.A.making B.makes C.made
9.A.chicken B.chickens C.chicken’s
10.A.What a B.What C.How
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.A 10.B
【导语】本文讲述放学后三班学生去梁奶奶家帮忙做家务、陪聊天的故事,展现了孩子们关爱老人的美好品质。
【详解】1.句意:梁奶奶七十岁了,她没有儿子和女儿。
否定句中表示“和”,不用and,要用or;but表转折,不符合句意。
2.句意:所以孩子们经常去帮她做家务。
固定搭配“help sb. with sth.”,意为“在某方面帮助某人”。
3.句意:梁奶奶见到他们非常开心。
be动词is后面要接形容词作表语;happily是副词,happiness是名词,只有happy为形容词。
4.句意:莉莉正在客厅和梁奶奶聊天。
“Look!”是现在进行时标志,结构为“be+doing”;主语Lily是第三人称单数,be动词用is,用is talking。
5.句意:她知道梁奶奶总是感到孤单,因为没有人陪她说话。
根据“she doesn’t have anyone to talk to”可知,没人陪她说话,所以她感到孤独,lonely“孤单的”。
6.句意:梁奶奶年纪太大,没法擦窗户。
固定结构“too...to do sth.”,意为“太……而不能做某事”,只能用不定式to do。
7.句意:简正在仔细地洗衣服。
此处修饰动词washing,需要副词,carefully是副词,符合语境。
8.句意:她忙着给梁奶奶做晚饭。
固定搭配“be busy doing sth.”,意为“忙于做某事”,用动名词making。
9.句意:她知道梁奶奶最喜欢的食物是鸡肉。
空后无名词,排除名词所有格;chicken表示“鸡肉”时为不可数名词,无复数,此处用chicken。
10.句意:他们是多么懂事的好孩子啊!
中心词children是可数名词复数,感叹句结构“What+形容词+复数名词”;“What a”后接单数名词,How修饰形容词/副词,不符合。用What。
二、情景运用
根据每小题所提供的图画情景和提示词,写出一个与图画情景相符的句子。
11.taste ____________________________________________
12.be interested, shoot ____________________________________________
13.pain, yesterday ____________________________________________
14.prevent, cut ____________________________________________
15.ask, play ____________________________________________
【答案】11.
The hot pot tastes delicious./The food tastes good.
12. He is interested in shooting films./The man is interested in shooting.
13. She had a pain in knees yesterday.
14. He prevents the man from cutting down trees./We should prevent people from cutting trees.
15.The boy asks his father to play chess./He asks his father to play chess with him.
【详解】11.本句需围绕图中的火锅展开描述,taste为系动词,主语hot pot是单数名词,一般现在时中谓语动词使用三单形式tastes,后面搭配形容词形容口感。故填The hot pot tastes delicious./The food tastes good.。
12.图片是拍摄影片的场景,固定短语be interested in后面需要搭配动名词形式,因此shoot变形为shooting,主语是he,be动词选用is,故填He is interested in shooting films./The man is interested in shooting.。
13.图片是女孩腿部不适的画面,时间标志词yesterday要求句子使用一般过去时,have变为过去式had,have a pain in加身体部位和身体部位加hurt是表达身体疼痛的常用搭配,故填She had a pain in knees yesterday./The girl’ knees hurt yesterday.。
14.本句需对应阻拦砍树的图画,prevent sb. from doing sth.是固定搭配,介词from之后cut要变为动名词cutting,情态动词should后面接动词原形prevent,故填He prevents the man from cutting down trees.。
15.本句需契合父子下棋的场景,固定结构ask sb. to do sth. 中to后接动词原形play,主语the boy为单数,一般现在时谓语动词用asks,故填The boy asks his father to play chess./He asks his father to play chess with him.。
三、短文填空
阅读下面短文并填空,然后将答案写到答题卡的相应位置(如有提示词,则填入提示词的正确形式:如无提示词,则填入1个适当的单词)。注意大小写。
On October 1st, 1949, the People’s Republic of China was founded. Since then, people in China have celebrated National Day every year. It is one of the 16 (long) Chinese public (公共的) holidays.
To celebrate this special day, Chinese people 17 (usual) have seven days off. And most of them choose to take a vacation. During the tourist rush season, few scenic spots (景区) in China are 18 (crowded). And all the workers in restaurants and hotels are busy. Of course, some people choose to go back to their hometowns during the holiday. They help their parents with housework or farm work and experience the feeling of family gathering until 19 end of the holiday.
National Day also 20 (involve) many other customs. During the holiday, people can see China’s national flags everywhere in the streets. What’s more, different 21 (celebrate) are held across the country. Both adults and children can have great fun joining in 22 (they).
However, China’s National Day is not just about fun. It’s also a time for people 23 (express) their admiration (钦佩) for those who fought bravely for freedom (自由) and helped set up the People’s Republic of China. It reminds all Chinese people to remember history and tells them that a brighter future waits in the 24 (come) years as long as they work hard together.
25 meaningful the holiday is!
【答案】
16.longest 17.usually 18.uncrowded 19.the 20.involves 21.celebrations 22.them 23.to express 24.coming 25.How
【导语】本文介绍了中国国庆节的历史、假期安排、庆祝方式及其深层意义,强调这是一个既充满欢乐又令人铭记历史的特殊节日。
【详解】16.句意:它是中国最长的公共假期之一。“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”为固定结构,long的最高级为longest,故填longest。
17.句意:为了庆祝这个特殊的日子,中国人通常有七天假期。修饰动词have需用副词,usual的副词形式为usually,意为“通常”,故填usually。
18.句意:在旅游旺季,中国很少有景点不拥挤。根据句意,此处表示“不拥挤的”,crowded的反义词为uncrowded,表示“不拥挤的”,故填uncrowded。
19.句意:他们帮助父母做家务或干农活,体验家庭团聚的感觉,直到假期结束。“the end of”为固定结构,意为“……的结束”,故填the。
20.句意:国庆节还涉及许多其他习俗。描述客观事实用一般现在时,主语National Day为第三人称单数,involve的三单形式为involves,故填involves。
21.句意:此外,全国各地举行不同的庆祝活动。different后接可数名词复数表示“多种不同的庆祝活动”,celebrate的名词形式为celebration,复数形式为celebrations,故填celebrations。
22.句意:成人和儿童都可以在参与中获得极大的乐趣。介词in后需接代词宾格,they的宾格为them,指代前文的复数名词“celebrations”,故填them。
23.句意:这也是人们表达对那些为自由而勇敢战斗并帮助建立中华人民共和国的人们的钦佩之情的时刻。“a time for sb. to do sth.”为固定结构,意为“某人做某事的时候”,故填动词不定式to express。
24.句意:它提醒所有中国人铭记历史,并告诉他们只要他们共同努力,在未来的岁月里将有更光明的未来等待着他们。“in the coming years”为固定短语,意为“在未来的岁月里”,coming“即将发生的”作形容词修饰years,故填coming。
25.句意:这个节日多么有意义啊!形容词meaningful是感叹句的中心词,句子符合“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语”的结构,故填How。
阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,使短文通顺完整,每空一词。
A Warm Letter from a Volunteer
Dear head teacher,
I’m writing to apply for the school volunteer team. I’m Li Hua from Class 3, Grade Eight. I want to take part 26 the after-school tutoring volunteer work.
I am patient and good at English and math. I have enough free time every Wednesday afternoon. I know many Grade Seven students have problems 27 their school subjects. I hope I can explain difficult knowledge points to them clearly.
I always believe that small acts of kindness can make 28 big difference. I won’t be late for volunteer tasks and I will finish all my work carefully. If I get this chance, I will try my best 29 help every student who needs support.
Could you please reply to my letter soon? I’m looking forward 30 your answer.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】26.in 27.with 28.a 29.to 30.to
【导语】本文是李华写给校长的申请信,申请加入学校志愿者团队,为七年级学生提供课后辅导。
【详解】26.句意:我想参加课后辅导志愿者工作。“take part in”是动词短语,意为“参加”,为固定搭配。
27.句意:我知道许多七年级学生在学科上有困难。“have problems with”是动词短语,意为“在……方面有困难”,为固定搭配。
28.句意:小小的善举也能带来巨大的改变。“make a difference”是动词短语,意为“有影响、起作用”,为固定搭配。
29.句意:我会尽最大努力帮助每一位需要支持的学生。“try one’s best to do sth.”是动词短语,意为“尽最大努力做某事”,后接动词不定式,故用to。
30.句意:我期待你的回复。“look forward to”是动词短语,意为“期待”,to为介词。
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