2026-2027学年八年级英语上册同步语法讲解（动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语）-（外研版）

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了动词不定式和动-ing形式作宾语的语法内容，涵盖基本概念、接不定式/动名词的动词分类、意义有差别的动词对比三大知识范畴，搭建了从概念理解到动词分类再到对比辨析的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“记忆口诀+对比表格+分层练习”构建知识体系，如用“希望想要同意...”口诀辅助动词记忆，以表格对比remember to do/doing等用法差异，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设计常见错误提示（如纠正want后漏to）和三级分层练习题（基础巩固至综合挑战），助力不同水平学生高效学习，教师可据此优化教学，提升课堂实效。

动词不定式和动-ing 形式作宾语 （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、基本概念 1 二、常见的后面接动词不定式（to do）作宾语的动词 1 三、常见的后面接动名词（doing）作宾语的动词 2 四、既可接动词不定式又可接动名词，但意义有差别的动词 2 五、中考分层练习题（30道） 3 第一部分：基础巩固（第1-10题） 3 第二部分：能力提升（第11-20题） 4 第三部分：综合挑战（第21-30题） 6 一、基本概念 在英语中，当一个动词后面跟着另一个动词时，第二个动词不能直接用原形，而要用动词不定式（to do） 或动名词（doing） 的形式。这两种形式在句中充当第一个动词的宾语。 · 动词不定式：to + 动词原形（如 to go, to learn） · 动名词：动词 + -ing（如 going, learning） 二、常见的后面接动词不定式（to do）作宾语的动词 这类动词的核心含义是 “表达意愿、计划、目的或未做的事情” 。动词不定式表示的多为将来的行为。 常用动词列表（记忆口诀：“希望想要同意，计划决定学习，拒绝选择假装”） 动词 含义 例句 want 想要 I want to go to the teahouse. would like 想要 I would like to drink a cup of tea. hope / wish 希望 We hope to build a beautiful home. decide 决定 Tina decided to go to Hainan. plan 计划 We plan to visit the Great Wall. agree 同意 He agreed to help me. refuse 拒绝 She refused to answer the question. choose 选择 We chose to go there by train. learn 学习 He's learning to dance. try 努力/试图 I tried to understand the words. offer 主动提出 She offered to drive me home. expect 期望 I expect to finish it soon. pretend 假装 He pretended to sleep. prefer 宁愿 I prefer to walk rather than run. 常见错误：❌ I want go home. → ✅ I want to go home. 三、常见的后面接动名词（doing）作宾语的动词 这类动词的核心含义是 “表达习惯、爱好、正在进行的动作或已发生的事情” 。 常用动词列表（记忆口诀：“享受完成保持介意，练习建议忍不住，想要期待有困难”） 动词/短语 含义 例句 enjoy 喜欢 They enjoy hiking up the mountains. finish 完成 Have you finished reading the book? keep 持续/一直 Keep trying and you will succeed. mind 介意 I don't mind waiting a little longer. practise 练习 She practises playing the piano every day. suggest 建议 Tracey suggested meeting for a drink. feel like 想要 I feel like going for a walk. can't help 忍不住 He can't help laughing. look forward to 盼望 I'm looking forward to seeing you. have trouble (in) 做……有困难 Many students have trouble communicating. 常见错误：❌ I enjoy play basketball. → ✅ I enjoy playing basketball. 四、既可接动词不定式又可接动名词，但意义有差别的动词 ⭐ 动词 接 to do（不定式） 接 doing（动名词） remember 记得要去做某事（未做） 记得做过某事（已做） forget 忘记要去做某事（未做） 忘记做过某事（已做） try 努力/设法做某事 尝试/试验做某事 stop 停下来去做另一件事 停止正在做的事 mean 打算做某事 意味着做某事 go on 做完一件事后继续做另一件 继续做同一件事 regret 遗憾/抱歉要去做某事 后悔做过某事 对比示例 结构 例句 含义 remember to do Please remember to post the letters. 请记得要去寄信（信还没寄） remember doing I remember posting your letters. 我记得寄过你的信了（信已寄） forget to do I forgot to go to the post office. 我忘了要去邮局（没去成） forget doing I forgot going to the post office. 我忘了去过邮局（去过了但不记得） try to do Try to be nice to him. 尽量对他友好（努力去做） try doing Try being nice to him. 试着对他友好（尝试一下） stop to do He stopped to smoke. 他停下来去抽烟（停下原来做的事） stop doing He stopped smoking. 他停止抽烟（不再抽烟了） mean to do What do you mean to do? 你打算做什么？ mean doing His words mean refusing us. 他的话意味着拒绝我们。 五、中考分层练习题（30道） 第一部分：基础巩固（第1-10题） 1. My mother wants ________ a new bike for me. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 答案：B 解析： “want” 后面接动词不定式作宾语，即 want to do sth.，表示“想要做某事”。选 B。 2. I enjoy ________ English novels in my free time. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads 答案：C 解析： “enjoy” 后面接动名词作宾语，即 enjoy doing sth.，表示“喜欢做某事”。选 C。 3. She decided ________ the job because it was too difficult. A. refuse B. to refuse C. refusing D. refused 答案：B 解析： “decide” 后面接动词不定式，即 decide to do sth.，表示“决定做某事”。选 B。 4. Please remember ________ the door when you leave. A. lock B. to lock C. locking D. locked 答案：B 解析： “remember to do sth.” 表示“记得要去做某事”，门还没锁，是将来要做的动作。选 B。 5. I can't help ________ when I watch that funny movie. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed 答案：C 解析： “can't help” 后面接动名词，即 can't help doing sth.，表示“忍不住做某事”。选 C。 6. We have finished ________ the classroom. Let's go home. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 答案：C 解析： “finish” 后面接动名词，即 finish doing sth.，表示“完成做某事”。选 C。 7. He pretended ________ ill so that he could stay at home. A. be B. to be C. being D. been 答案：B 解析： “pretend” 后面接动词不定式，即 pretend to do sth.，表示“假装做某事”。选 B。 8. Would you mind ________ the window? It's too hot here. A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened 答案：C 解析： “mind” 后面接动名词，即 mind doing sth.，表示“介意做某事”。选 C。 9. I hope ________ you again soon. A. see B. to see C. seeing D. saw 答案：B 解析： “hope” 后面接动词不定式，即 hope to do sth.，表示“希望做某事”。选 B。 10. He stopped ________ a rest because he felt tired. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 答案：B 解析： “stop to do sth.” 表示“停下来去做另一件事”，他停下来是为了休息。选 B。 第二部分：能力提升（第11-20题） 11. I'm looking forward to ________ the new film. A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watched 答案：C 解析： “look forward to” 中的 “to” 是介词，后面接动名词，即 look forward to doing sth.，表示“盼望做某事”。选 C。 12. Don't forget ________ the lights when you leave the room. A. turn off B. to turn off C. turning off D. turned off 答案：B 解析： “forget to do sth.” 表示“忘记要去做某事”（还没做），灯还没关，提醒要去关。选 B。 13. She practised ________ the piano for two hours every day. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 答案：C 解析： “practise” 后面接动名词，即 practise doing sth.，表示“练习做某事”。选 C。 14. They chose ________ to the beach for their summer holiday. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 答案：B 解析： “choose” 后面接动词不定式，即 choose to do sth.，表示“选择做某事”。选 B。 15. I tried ________ the problem in a different way, but it didn't work. A. solve B. to solve C. solving D. solved 答案：C 解析 ：1. try doing sth：尝试做某事（试验某种方法）try to do sth：努力、尽力做某事；2. 句中  in a different way （用另一种方法），表示试验方法，用  trying solving 。 句意：我试着用另一种方法解决这个问题，但没用。 16. He suggested ________ to the museum instead of the park. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 答案：C 解析： “suggest” 后面接动名词，即 suggest doing sth.，表示“建议做某事”。选 C。 17. I regret ________ you that you didn't pass the exam. A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. told 答案：B 解析： “regret to do sth.” 表示“遗憾/抱歉要去做某事”，此处表示遗憾地告知对方坏消息。选 B。 18. He keeps ________ the same mistake. He should be more careful. A. make B. to make C. making D. made 答案：C 解析： “keep” 后面接动名词，即 keep doing sth.，表示“一直做某事”。选 C。 19. The teacher asked us ________ quiet in the library. A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept 答案：B 解析： “ask sb. to do sth.” 是固定搭配，表示“要求某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。选 B。 20. I don't feel like ________ anything today. I'm not hungry. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate 答案：C 解析： “feel like” 后面接动名词，即 feel like doing sth.，表示“想要做某事”。选 C。 第三部分：综合挑战（第21-30题） 21. —Remember ________ the book to the library tomorrow. —OK, I will. A. return B. to return C. returning D. returned 答案：B 解析： “remember to do” 表示“记得要去做某事”，书还没还，是明天要做的事。答语 “I will” 也提示是将来的动作。选 B。 22. She can't help ________ when she hears the joke. A. to laugh B. laughing C. laugh D. laughed 答案：B 解析： “can't help doing” 表示“忍不住做某事”，听到笑话忍不住笑。选 B。 23. I meant ________ you earlier, but I was too busy. A. call B. to call C. calling D. called 答案：B 解析： “mean to do” 表示“打算做某事”，本打算打电话但没打成。选 B。 24. The students have trouble ________ the meaning of the poem. A. understand B. to understand C. understanding D. understood 答案：C 解析： “have trouble (in) doing” 表示“做某事有困难”，是固定搭配。选 C。 25. He stopped ________ at the beautiful sunset and took a photo. A. look B. to look C. looking D. looked 答案：B 解析： “stop to do” 表示“停下来去做另一件事”，他停下来看日落。选 B。 26. —What do you plan ________ during the winter holiday? —I plan ________ my grandparents. A. do; visit B. to do; to visit C. doing; visiting D. to do; visiting 答案：B 解析： “plan” 后面接动词不定式，即 plan to do sth.，两个空都需要用 to do。选 B。 27. Try ________ the door with this key. Maybe it works. A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened 答案：C 解析： “try doing” 表示“尝试做某事”，此处表示试着用这把钥匙开门（看看行不行）。选 C。 28. She is learning ________ Chinese food. She thinks it's interesting. A. cook B. to cook C. cooking D. cooked 答案：B 解析： “learn” 后面接动词不定式，即 learn to do sth.，表示“学习做某事”。选 B。 29. I'll never forget ________ the Great Wall for the first time. It was amazing. A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. visited 答案：C 解析： “forget doing” 表示“忘记做过某事”，此处是“永远不会忘记去过长城”，强调已经做过且印象深刻。选 C。 30. My father offered ________ me to the train station, but I refused. A. drive B. to drive C. driving D. drove 答案：B 解析： “offer” 后面接动词不定式，即 offer to do sth.，表示“主动提出做某事”。选 B。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 动词不定式和动-ing 形式作宾语 （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、基本概念 1 二、常见的后面接动词不定式（to do）作宾语的动词 1 三、常见的后面接动名词（doing）作宾语的动词 2 四、既可接动词不定式又可接动名词，但意义有差别的动词 2 五、中考分层练习题（30道） 3 第一部分：基础巩固（第1-10题） 3 第二部分：能力提升（第11-20题） 4 第三部分：综合挑战（第21-30题） 5 一、基本概念 在英语中，当一个动词后面跟着另一个动词时，第二个动词不能直接用原形，而要用动词不定式（to do） 或动名词（doing） 的形式。这两种形式在句中充当第一个动词的宾语。 · 动词不定式：to + 动词原形（如 to go, to learn） · 动名词：动词 + -ing（如 going, learning） 二、常见的后面接动词不定式（to do）作宾语的动词 这类动词的核心含义是 “表达意愿、计划、目的或未做的事情” 。动词不定式表示的多为将来的行为。 常用动词列表（记忆口诀：“希望想要同意，计划决定学习，拒绝选择假装”） 动词 含义 例句 want 想要 I want to go to the teahouse. would like 想要 I would like to drink a cup of tea. hope / wish 希望 We hope to build a beautiful home. decide 决定 Tina decided to go to Hainan. plan 计划 We plan to visit the Great Wall. agree 同意 He agreed to help me. refuse 拒绝 She refused to answer the question. choose 选择 We chose to go there by train. learn 学习 He's learning to dance. try 努力/试图 I tried to understand the words. offer 主动提出 She offered to drive me home. expect 期望 I expect to finish it soon. pretend 假装 He pretended to sleep. prefer 宁愿 I prefer to walk rather than run. 常见错误：❌ I want go home. → ✅ I want to go home. 三、常见的后面接动名词（doing）作宾语的动词 这类动词的核心含义是 “表达习惯、爱好、正在进行的动作或已发生的事情” 。 常用动词列表（记忆口诀：“享受完成保持介意，练习建议忍不住，想要期待有困难”） 动词/短语 含义 例句 enjoy 喜欢 They enjoy hiking up the mountains. finish 完成 Have you finished reading the book? keep 持续/一直 Keep trying and you will succeed. mind 介意 I don't mind waiting a little longer. practise 练习 She practises playing the piano every day. suggest 建议 Tracey suggested meeting for a drink. feel like 想要 I feel like going for a walk. can't help 忍不住 He can't help laughing. look forward to 盼望 I'm looking forward to seeing you. have trouble (in) 做……有困难 Many students have trouble communicating. 常见错误：❌ I enjoy play basketball. → ✅ I enjoy playing basketball. 四、既可接动词不定式又可接动名词，但意义有差别的动词 ⭐ 动词 接 to do（不定式） 接 doing（动名词） remember 记得要去做某事（未做） 记得做过某事（已做） forget 忘记要去做某事（未做） 忘记做过某事（已做） try 努力/设法做某事 尝试/试验做某事 stop 停下来去做另一件事 停止正在做的事 mean 打算做某事 意味着做某事 go on 做完一件事后继续做另一件 继续做同一件事 regret 遗憾/抱歉要去做某事 后悔做过某事 对比示例 结构 例句 含义 remember to do Please remember to post the letters. 请记得要去寄信（信还没寄） remember doing I remember posting your letters. 我记得寄过你的信了（信已寄） forget to do I forgot to go to the post office. 我忘了要去邮局（没去成） forget doing I forgot going to the post office. 我忘了去过邮局（去过了但不记得） try to do Try to be nice to him. 尽量对他友好（努力去做） try doing Try being nice to him. 试着对他友好（尝试一下） stop to do He stopped to smoke. 他停下来去抽烟（停下原来做的事） stop doing He stopped smoking. 他停止抽烟（不再抽烟了） mean to do What do you mean to do? 你打算做什么？ mean doing His words mean refusing us. 他的话意味着拒绝我们。 五、中考分层练习题（30道） 第一部分：基础巩固（第1-10题） 1. My mother wants ________ a new bike for me. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 2. I enjoy ________ English novels in my free time. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads 3. She decided ________ the job because it was too difficult. A. refuse B. to refuse C. refusing D. refused 4. Please remember ________ the door when you leave. A. lock B. to lock C. locking D. locked 5. I can't help ________ when I watch that funny movie. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed 6. We have finished ________ the classroom. Let's go home. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 7. He pretended ________ ill so that he could stay at home. A. be B. to be C. being D. been 8. Would you mind ________ the window? It's too hot here. A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened 9. I hope ________ you again soon. A. see B. to see C. seeing D. saw 10. He stopped ________ a rest because he felt tired. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 第二部分：能力提升（第11-20题） 11. I'm looking forward to ________ the new film. A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watched 12. Don't forget ________ the lights when you leave the room. A. turn off B. to turn off C. turning off D. turned off 13. She practised ________ the piano for two hours every day. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 14. They chose ________ to the beach for their summer holiday. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 15. I tried ________ the problem in a different way, but it didn't work. A. solve B. to solve C. solving D. solved 16. He suggested ________ to the museum instead of the park. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 17. I regret ________ you that you didn't pass the exam. A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. told 18. He keeps ________ the same mistake. He should be more careful. A. make B. to make C. making D. made 19. The teacher asked us ________ quiet in the library. A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept 20. I don't feel like ________ anything today. I'm not hungry. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate 第三部分：综合挑战（第21-30题） 21. —Remember ________ the book to the library tomorrow. —OK, I will. A. return B. to return C. returning D. returned 22. She can't help ________ when she hears the joke. A. to laugh B. laughing C. laugh D. laughed 23. I meant ________ you earlier, but I was too busy. A. call B. to call C. calling D. called 24. The students have trouble ________ the meaning of the poem. A. understand B. to understand C. understanding D. understood 25. He stopped ________ at the beautiful sunset and took a photo. A. look B. to look C. looking D. looked 26. —What do you plan ________ during the winter holiday? —I plan ________ my grandparents. A. do; visit B. to do; to visit C. doing; visiting D. to do; visiting 27. Try ________ the door with this key. Maybe it works. A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened 28. She is learning ________ Chinese food. She thinks it's interesting. A. cook B. to cook C. cooking D. cooked 29. I'll never forget ________ the Great Wall for the first time. It was amazing. A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. visited 30. My father offered ________ me to the train station, but I refused. A. drive B. to drive C. driving D. drove 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $