专题五 动词和动词短语 题源3 动词短语-【备战高考】备战2027高考英语母题题源同步练

A.persuade B.promise C.invite D.support [解析]考查动词辨析。句意为：如果她不想去，你说什么 都不能说服她。A项意为“说服”；B项意为“承诺”；C项意为“邀 请”；D项意为“支持”。根据句意可知，正确答案为A。 [答案]A 解题模型1.2 延续性动词与终止性动词 有的动词所表示的动作可以延续，可以与表示一段时 间的时间状语连用，这样的动词叫延续性动词。常见的 :stay/write/work/smile/talk/run/speak/carry/exist/col- lect/gather/repair/train/blow/fight/have/lie/laugh/hold/ run/climb./serve等。如： The boy slept until seven o'clock this morning. 那个男孩今天早上一直睡到七，点。 She has stayed here for two hours,her eyes fixed upon the tree. 她在这儿有两个小时了，眼睛一直盯着那棵树。 有的动词所表示的动作不可以延续，而是在瞬间完 成，不可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这样的动词 叫终止性动词。常见的有：finish/stop/put/go/come/ arrive/receive/jump/bring/catch/close/cut/die/begin/ start/pay/lose/fall/enter/marry等。如： They didn't finish their homework until 12 o'clock. 他们直到十二点才完成家庭作业。 It began to rain at four o'clock yesterday morning. 昨天早上四，点开始下雨。 终止性动词一般不用于while引导的时间状语从句 中。如： While the family came here from Japan,they were penniless.(X) )[真题3](2004·湖南)They've us150,000 for the house.Shall we take it? A.provided B.supplied C.shown D.offered [解析]句意为“这幢房子他们出价15万，我们要吗？”， offer sb.some money for sth..指“就某物向某人开价多少”。pro vide,supply均意为“提供”；show展示，给某人看。 [答案]D )[真题4](2003·NMET)If anybody calls,tell them I'm out,and ask them to their name and ad- dress. A.pass B.write C.take D.leave [解析]leave their name and address意为“留下他们的姓 名和地址”，并未强调运用何种方式，而write(down)仅限于用笔 写下，依据语境不能断定何种方式。句意：如果有人打电话找我 告诉他们我外出了，并请他们留下姓名和地址。 [答案]D 题源2动词与介词的固定搭配 解题模型2.1 及物动词十宾语十介词 (1)rob/cheat/remind/expect/warn/accuse()/per- suade/cure(治愈)/inform sb.of sth. (2 )keep/stop/prevent/separate/save/protect/choose sb. from doing sth. (3)praise/remember./thank/turn to(求助)/take(当 )/forgive/blame/scold/punish sb.for sth. (4)catch/pull/shake sb.by (5)put/take/cut/buy/borrow sth.off (6)congratulate sb.on sth. )[真题5](2005·江苏)In our childhood,we were often by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners. A.demanded B.reminded C.allowed D.hoped 「解析]本题考查了动词词义的辨析，此处“remind”意为 “提醒，提示”，其常用的搭配形式为remind sb.of sth.或remind sb.to do sth..。此处remind用作被动语态；A、D两项不能用于 句中的结构，C项不合句意。 [答案]B 解题模型2.2 及物动词十反身代词十介词 dress oneself in/break oneself of(改掉…的习惯)/ devote oneself to/throw oneself into(投身于…) )[真题6](2023·全国Ⅱ)Mary,1 John of his promise to help you. A.told B.reminded C.warned D.advised [解析]考查动词短语搭配。句意为：玛丽，我提醒约翰要 帮助你的承诺了。tell sb..of sth,给某人讲述某事；remind sb.of sth,提醒某人某事；warn sb..of sth.警告某人某事；advise不与of 搭配。根据句意可知选B。 [答案]B 题源3动词短语 通常有：“动词十介词”，其中的动词往往是不及物动词，与 介词搭配后相当于及物动词，因此可以跟宾语：“动词十副词”， 如果其中的动词是及物动词，跟名词作宾语，置于副词前后都可 以，但是如果用代词作宾语则只能置于动词与副词之间。 解题模型3.1 动词短语的构成 1.动词十介词 这类短语动词相当于一个及物动词，其后必须有宾 语，宾语只能放在介词后，在被动语态中，整个短语动词要 作为整体对待，不可拆开或漏缺。常见的此类短语有： speak of,think about,think of,refer to,stand for,laugh at等。 We must look into the matter immediately. 2.动词十副词 (1)及物动词十副词（宾语若是代词，则放在其中间）。 常见的此类短语有：work out,cut off,think over,turn on,turn down,throw away,pick up等。 She picked it up. (2)不及物动词十副词。它相当于一个不及物动词， 无被动，也不可接宾语，常见的有：break out,break down, come out,give in,look out,grow up等。 The war broke out in 1914. 3.动词十名词十介词 常见的这类短语有：catch sight of,get rid of,.make use of,make fun of,take hold of,take advantage of,set fire to等。 Those houses were set fire to by the enemy soldiers. 4.动词十副词十介词 相当于一个及物动词，常见的这类动词短语有：catch up with,look down on/upon,date back to,put up with, go in for,run out of等。 )[真题7] (2023·湖北)The government has taken measures to the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable. A.take down B.bring down C.hand down D.tear down [解析]考查动词短语辨析。句意为：政府已经采取措施 来降低日用品价格，达到保证市场稳定的目的。take down“记 下”；bring down“降低”；hand down'“把…传下去”；tear down “扯下，拆卸”，故选B。 [答案]B )[真题8](2023·江西)You can't predict everything. Often things don't as you expect. A.run out B.break out C.work out D.put out [解析]考查动词词组辨析。句意为：你不能预料每件事 情，有时候事情不像你所希望的那样发展。work out意为“实 现，发展，发生，完成”符合题意；run out意为“用完”：break out 意为“爆发”；put out意为“扑灭”，均不符合。故选C。 [答案]C )[真题9](2023·四川)To get a better grade,you should the notes again before the test. A.go over B.get over C.turn over D.take over [解析]考查动词短语辨析。句意为：为了获得更高的分 数，在考试之前，你可以把笔记再重新复习一遍。go over'“复习， 温习”符合题意；get over“克服”；turn over“翻身，翻转，移交给”； take over'“接管”，均不符合题意，故选A。 [答案]A )[真题10](2023·湖北)Walking alone in the dark,the boy whistled to his courage. 、3 A.hold up B.keep up C.set up D.take up [解析]考查动词短语。句意为：在黑暗中独自行走，男孩 吹口哨来给自己壮胆。hold up意为“举起，耽搁”；keep up意为 “保持，持续”；set up意为“建立，创立”；take up意为“开始从 事”。由句意可知，B为正确答案。 [答案]B )[真题11](2023·湖北)I'm so glad you've come here to this matter in person. A.lead to B.see to C.turn to D.refer to [解析]考查动词短语。句意为：我非常高兴你能亲自来 关注这件事。lead to“导致”；see to“关注，负责，照看”；turn to “求助于，转向”：refer to“谈到，提到”。根据句意选B。 [答案]B )[真题12](2023·江西)'ve the habit of call- ing in on my grandparents on my way home from school. A.come into B.gone into C.got into D.run into [解析]考查动词短语。句意为：我养成了在放学回家的 路上给我祖父母打电话的习惯。come into“进入，获得”；go into “进入，调查”；get into“对…产生兴趣，养成（习惯)”；run into “撞见，遇见”。根据句意可知，C项正确。 [答案]C 解题模型3.2 以动词为中心词的动词短语小结 短语动词多而杂，一词多义的现象也很多，只有靠背 诵和记忆，并经常使用才能掌握好。下面列出一些常见动 词的搭配和意义： 1.bring词组 bring about导致，引起，产生 bring along with把…带来 bring back拿回来，使想起，恢复 bring in引进，收（庄稼），获得 bring out取出，拿出，生产出，查出，出版 bring up教育，养育，呕吐，提出 2.break词组 break out(战争、火灾)爆发，突然发生 break in破门而入，插话 break the law违法 break into闯入/进… break a record打破纪录 break off折断，中断，破裂，解除 break away(from)摆脱，从……退出 break through冲破，突围 break down抛锚，累垮，打破，拆除，坏了，失灵 break up打碎，拆散 3.call词组 call at somewhere访问某地 call one's attention to引起某人对…的注意 call back回话，收回，召回，回电话，回想 call out大声喊叫，出动 call for要求，需要去取，邀约 call to向…喊 call in召……进来，邀请，召来，来访 call up打电话给，使回忆起 call on/upon sb..访问某人，号召 4.come词组 come about产生，发生 come across偶然遇见 come over过来，从远方来，降临到，改变立场 come in进来 come out of从……中出来，由…产生 come on向前，跟着来，加油 come up到场，发芽，被提出，出现 come around到来，息怒，苏醒过来，回心转意 come to到达，达成，共计，来到 come to life/oneself苏醒，复苏 come into being,/use/power/effect形成/使用/上台 (执政)/产生效果 come out出现，出版，开花，（议案）提出 5.cut词组 cut in插话 cut down砍倒 cut off砍掉 cut up切碎 6.carry词组 (1)He had learned enough German to carry on a con- versation.进行 (2)One person should carry on where the other had left off.进行下去 (3)I was chosen to carry out our experiment,进行 (4)He did not carry out his promise to us..履行 (5)After destroying the village,the enemy carried off all the cattle.抢走 (6)The work is tough,but it is the person to carry it through(=to complete sth.successfully).顺利完成，顺利 实现 7.care词组 (1)If you care to hear it,I will tell it to you. (2)Albert Einstein cared little for money.He was seen using a cheque for$1,500 as a bookmark.喜欢 (3)Would you care for a cup of coffee?(=Would you ke..?)(礼貌用语)你喜欢/要…？ (4)He cared about money.喜欢 (5)The mother cared for the sick child day and night. 照顾，照料 (6)The professor said that he was interested only in research,and he didn't care about his students. 8.catch词组 (I)catch fire(=to start burning)着火 (2)catch one's breath缓口气，歇口气 (3)That car caught his eyes/attention..引起注意 (4)The police caught him stealing a car,撞见，突然发 现（某人做坏事） (5)That style has never caught on in China.(=become popular)流行 (6)He is caught in a rain.(=be stuck)被困住 (7)Her skirt got caught in the door.(be hooked) 钩住 (8)I suddenly caught sight of him in the crowd. 9.clear词组 (1)The waitress will clear away these dishes in a mo- ment.收走 (2)How can we clear away these doubts？消除，清除 (3)The weather has cleared up,we can go out.睛朗起 来，开朗起来 (4)You'll have to clear up the things on the table before we have tea.整理，收拾 10.compare词组 (1)Car production rose by 25%,compared to/with the first3 months of this year..和…相比 (2)Compared to/with many women,she was indeed very fortunate.和…相比 (3)Compare this with that,and you will see which is better..把……和…相比 (4)Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 比作… 11.deal词组 (1)I'd rather deal with a man than a woman.Women re sharp.和…打交道 (2)I'm used to dealing with matters of this sort. (3)This book deals with questions on politics..论述， 谈论 (4)What shop do you deal with?和……做买卖 12.die词组 (1)die from an accident/the polluted air/a bad habit 于…（除疾病或情感以外的原因） (2)die of illness/a fever/hunger/sadness死于…（指 疾病、情感、饥寒、年老等原因) (3)Ronny's steps had died away/down,and there was a moment of silence..(指风、声、光等)消逝 (4)The wind has died away/down again.平息 (5)It is thought that between the years 1550 and 1950 an average of one kind of living thing died out each year. 绝，不复存在 13.do词组 (1)Let's do up this room first,整理，收拾 (2)They tried to do away with slavery.废除 (3)Mary has done herself up for the party.梳妆打扮 (4)Please do up these books and post them for Mr Smith.包，扎，系，捆 (5)do one's hair做头发/do the room打扫房间/do the bed铺床/do wrong to sb.使某人受委屈/do business做生 意，做买卖/do wrong做错事，做坏事 (6)have something/nothing/anything/a lot to do with 与…有些/没有/有些（用于疑问句及否定句中）/有很大 关系 14.end词组 (1)Even if none of this is true for us today,it is prob- able that one day we will end up with a disability.. 告终 (2)If you drive your car like that,you'll end up in hos- pital,.最后（有某种结局），最后（成了） (3)The politician finally ended up his speech. (4)We ended up the dinner with fruit and coffee. 以……而结束 (5)The match ended in a win for us..以…告终，结 果… (6)It rained for three days on end.(=continuously) 续地 (7)We must put an end to this foolish behavior.结束， 制止 (8)Both husband and wife had to work to make ends meet.使入能敦出 (9)The meeting came to an end at last.结束 15.fall词组 (1)We can't afford to fall behind our competitors in u- sing the new technology.落后于 (2)She has fallen in love with him/the dress.爱上，喜 欢上 (3)Where does the plan fall down?(=fail)失败，不 起作用 (4)This topic falls naturally into three sections.(be divided into)被分成 (5)I am quite happy to fall in with you/your sugges- tions.(=agree with/to)赞同 16.fix词组 (I)Let's fix a time for discussion.约定时间做某事 (2)He fixed his eyes on the clock.注视 (3)ix one's attention on注意 (4)fix supper做饭/fix tea沏茶/fix the broken machine 修理坏了的机器 17.get词组 get along/on with进展，相处 get away(from)逃脱，离开 get down下去，降落，记下 get down to(doing sth..)着手认真（做…） get hold of抓住，获得 get in touch with取得联系 get in进来，收剖 get into the habit of养成…习惯 get into trouble陷入困境 get off离去，脱掉 get out of逃避，摆脱 get ready for为…作准备 get rid of除掉 get through通过，完成，打通电话 get together收集，聚集 get used to习惯于 get accustomed to习惯于 18.give词组 give up放弃 give in屈服，上交，投降 give out发出，放出，分发，耗尽 give off发出，放出 give away赠送，领发（奖品），泄露（秘密） give back恢复，归还 19.g0词组 go away离开，走开 go after/for追逐，追求 go on doing/with/to do sth.继续做某事 go against反对 go all out全力以赴 go back to追溯到 go ahead开始，继续进行 go down./up下降/上升 go in for从事，爱好 go out(灯、火)熄灭 go over复习，检查 g0with与…相搭配 g0 through穿过，仔细检查，经受，浏览 go for去拿，追求，喜欢，适用于 20.hand词组 (1)This custom has been handed down since the 18th century.传下来，传给 (2)The teacher handed out the books at the beginning of the lesson.发给，散发 (3)The thief was handed over to the police.移交 (4)We''ll hand in our paper tomorrow.上交 21.hold词组 (1)She held back,not knowing what to do or say. 豫不决 (2)Don't hold anything back,you must tell me every- thing.隐瞒，不公布 (3)If they hadn't held him back,he would have beaten you.阻碍，阻止 (4)I made my choice and I will hold on to the end. 持（下去） (5)You should hold on to your oil share,不送或不卖 (某物)》 (6)He asked me to hold on while he left the telephone to find a pencil.别挂（电话） (7)Could he hold out in spite of the difficulty? (抵抗)，顶住（压力） (8)The pupil held up his hand to ask the teacher a question,举起 (9)hold office任职/hold one's position担任某个职位 (10)They held their heads up and walked into the hall. 39 趾高气扬 (11)Please hold yourself still while I take your photo- graph.保持不动 (l2)A lot of cars were held up in the accident.使耽 搁，使停顿：堵塞 22.keep词组 keep off不接近（接触） keep out不让…入内，挡在外面 keep away(from)远离，避开 keep up保持 keep back阻止 keep up with跟上，赶上 keep in touch with保持联系 keep(on)doing继续做 keep behind留在后面 23.join词组 (1)The girl,Mary,joined in the conversation. (某活动) (2)Will you join us in a walk?和…一起做某事 (3)The new railway joins our town to the big city. 把……和……连接起来 (4)The electrician joined up the wires.把…连接 起来 比较connect: ①Connect this wire to that one..和相连 ②The Suez Canal connects Africa with Asia.把 与…连接起来 3He has been connected with the company since 1984. 和…有联系 The early bus from the village connects with the 8:30 train.(车、船等在时间上)衔接 24.1ook词组 (1)As I look back upon those years,I am struck by Annie's wisdom.回顾，回想 (2)I've been looking into this matter this afternoon. (3)Two men were fighting.The rest were looking on. 旁观 (4)When you're eating fish,look out for bones.当心， 小心 (5)We've been looking out for a new house,but the ones we've seen are all too expensive.寻找某物 (6)Look up the word in the dictionary.查寻，查找 (7)I want to look my uncle up sometimes.看望，拜访 25.make词组 make room for为…让出地方 make out辨认出，理解 make up for弥补，补偿 make sense有意思，讲得通 make up化装，编造，组成 make war开战 make a fire生火 make sure务必，确保 make peace讲和 make one'sway前进，行进 make the best(full use)of充分利用 26.mean词组 (I)His parents meant him for a teacher.准备让 做（某工作） (2)This picture is meant for me.打算给（某人） (3)This room was meant for the workers'reading room.打算（作…用） 27.pay词组 (1)Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter. 参观 (2)It's high time he paid me back the $100 he owes me.偿还 (3)How much did you pay for the book?为…而付款 (4)I'I pay off my debt with this check..还清 28.pick词组 (1)She picked up the little book and gave it to him. 拾起 (2)He has picked up some bad habits at that club. 沾染 (3)He picked up French while he was staying in Paris. (非正式)学到 (4)Pick me up at the hotel..接（人） (5)This room must be picked up before the guests ar- rive.整理，收拾 (6)The class picked up the story where they had left it.继续讲（故事） (7)We picked up the radio signals on our receiver. 接收 (8)Have you picked out the movie you want to see? 挑选 (9)Can you pick out your brother in the crowd? 29.put词组 put an end to结束，停止，消灭 put aside把…放在一边，储蓄 put away放好，收藏好 put down放下，记下，镇压 put into practice实践 put one's heart into全神贯注于… put off推迟 put on上演，穿上 put up with容忍，将就 put out扑灭，生产 put up搭起，建起，张贴 30.refer词组 (1)If you don't know how to pronounce the word, refer to the dictionary.查阅，参阅 (2)He referred to the matter once or twice..提到，谈到 (3)What I have to say refers to all of you,涉及 (4)The lady was referring to Mike when she spoke of a bright boy..指的是 (5)He referred his success to his good teacher.归功于 31,run词组 (1)The water runs out of the pipe into the bucket. 流出 (2)For several miles the road runs across a plain. 路等)延伸，延续 (3)run for governor竞选 (4)If you run after two hares,you will catch neither. 追赶 (5)She hit the child and ran away.走，跑掉 (6)All our supply of food has run out.被用完 (7)We ran out of coal,and had to burn wood.用完 (8)I ran over a rabbit this morning..(车辆)撞倒并 碾过 (9)Run through this article and tell me what you think ofit.浏览 32.see词组 (1)I've got a lot of things to see to.处理 (2)Who is to see to the organization of the next meet- ing？负责 (3)Will you see to that customer,please?照顾 (4)Please see to it that the lights are turned off.( make sure/ensure)确保 33.send词组 send off发出，寄出；向…告别，为…送行 send for派人去请 send up发射 send out分发，散发 send back送回 send.t0..把……送到…… 34.set词组 set up建起（建筑物、组织），搭起 set out to do着手做… set about doing开始做…，着手做… set off出发，动身，引爆 set fire to放火 set sail for驶向…… set an example to给…树立榜样 set aside放在旁边，储蓄 35.turn词组 turn about转身 turn aside避开 turn away转过脸，拒绝接受 turn on打开 turn off关掉（水、电、煤气等） turn down关小，拒绝 turn up开大，出现，露面 turn to转向，求助于，查阅 turn out(tobe)结果是，证明是 turn in上交，转身进入 turn…into..把…变成… turn against反对 turn over翻过来，仔细考虑 36.take词组 take away拿走 take a walk/rest散步，休息一会儿 take down记下，写下，拿下 take off脱下，拿掉，起飞 take out拿出，取出 take along with随身带 take a lesson from.从…中吸取教训 take a look检查，看一看 take a photo/a picture拍照 take pride in以…自豪 take action/,measure采取行动/措施 take an interest in对…感兴趣 take care当心，留心，保重 take care of照看，照顾 take charge(of)负责，接管 take,.by surprise突然攻击 take..for example拿…为例子 take in吸收，引进，接纳，欺骗 take notice of..注意到… take on呈现，承担，伤心，雇用 take up拿起，占据，从事 take part in参加 take place发生 take,,for granted认为……理所当然 37.show词组 (1)He told the BBC that he wanted 17 hours of non stop TV time so that both concerts could be shown on tele- vision.播出，展出，放映 (2)Tickets,please.Show your tickets to me,.把…拿 给某人看 (3)Come along.I'll show you to your room myself. 某人到某处 (4)My cousin is visiting us next week,and I have promised to show him around New York.领某人到处看看 (5)Most small children show off in front of visitors 炫耀 38.stand词组 (l)The letters“UK”stand for“The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”.代表 (2)You should learn to stand on your own two feet. 靠自己，自主 (3)stand out显得突出，显眼，引人注目/stand by袖手 旁观；支持；站在……一边 39.strike词组 (I)The boy struck the man with a stick,用…打 (2)A stone struck me on the head..打中，击中…（部 位) (3)He was struck by her beauty.给人深刻印象 (4)They are striking for higher pay.(=They are on strike for higher pay..)因为…罢工 40.work词组 (1)We must work out a plan as quickly as we can. 订，拟订，订出 (2)Have you worked out this problem yet??算出 (3)lcan'twork out the meaning of the poem.理解，弄 懂，看出 (4)This map is wrong.I can't work out where we are. 判断，说出，看出 (5)Things will work out if you are just patient.得到圆 满解决，（进行）情况良好 (6)If the traffic plan works out,it will be used in other cities too.(进行)情况良好 (7)Things have worked out badly..(情况等)发展，进行 )[真题13](2023·陕西)Some insects the col- our of their surroundings to protect themselves. A.take in B.take off C.take on D.take out [解析]考查动词短语辨析。句意为：一些昆虫呈现出和 周围环境一样的颜色来保护自己。选项中，take in意为“吸收， 欺骗”；take off意为“脱掉，起飞”；take on意为“呈现，承担”； take out意为“取出”。根据句意，故选C。 [答案]C )[真题14](2023·江苏)一You look upset..What'sthe matter? -I had my proposal again. A.turned over B.turned on C.turned off D.turned down [解析]考查动词短语辨析。句意为：一一你看起来很沮 十年高考母题原型训练 (★代表高考出现的频次) A组 题源1 动词的分类（★★★★★） C )l.(2023·福建)Old-fashioned phones matter when wire- less networks in disasters. A.turn down B.turn out C.break down D.break out )2.(2023·湖北)While intelligent people can often the complex,a fool is more likely to complicate the simple. A.sacrifice B.substitute C.simplify D.survive 4 丧，怎么了？一我的提议再次被拒绝了。turn over“翻转”： turn on“打开”；turn off“关掉”；turn down“调小，拒绝”，故选D。 [答案]D )[真题15](2023·辽宁)The exam results will be on Friday afternoon. A.put down B.put off C.put up D.put away [解析]考查动词短语辨析。句意为：考试结果将会在周 五下午张贴出来。put down意为“写下，记下，镇压”；put away 意为“放好，把…收好”put up意为“张贴，提供，建造”；put off 意为“推迟，阻止”。根据语境可知，答案选C。 [答案]C )[真题16](2023·四川)1 often the words I don't know in the dictionary or on the Internet. A.look up B.look at C.look for D.look into [解析门考查动词短语辨析。句意为：我经常在字典上或 在网上查阅我不认识的单词。look up“查阅，仰视”：look at “看”；look for'“寻找”；look into“调查”，故选A。 [答案]A )[真题17](2023·浙江)He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of at a hotel for the night. A.putting down B.putting off C.putting on D.putting up 解析]考查动词词组辨析。句意为：他决定一路开车回 家，而不是在旅馆住宿。put up“供给…住宿”；put down“写 下，镇压”；put off“推迟”；put on'“穿上”。 [答案]D )3.(2023·湖北)According to the law,all foreigners have to with the local police within two weeks of arrival. A.associate B.dispute C.negotiate D.register )4.(2023·辽宁)Briggs will as general manager when Mitchell retires. A.get away B.take over C.set off D.run out )5.(2023·浙江)I think Tom,as the head of a big depart- ment,should either study regularly or his job. A.quits B.to quit