Unit 1 Back to school Reading 教材考点词汇笔记-2026-2027学年高中英语译林版（2020）必修第一册

该高中英语知识清单系统梳理了U1阅读教材中的核心词汇及重难点句型。从基础词汇如potential、senior的词性、搭配入手，延伸到challenge、positive等词汇的语境应用，再到lie in、make a difference等短语的固定用法，构建从词汇理解到语法运用的学习支架。 知识链路按“教材语境-词性变化-固定搭配-考点训练-考题情景”逻辑展开，每个词汇配有高考真题示例和易混词辨析。通过词性转换训练提升语言能力，结合考点情景培养学习策略，对比辨析锻炼思维品质，助力学生高效掌握词汇考点。

U1 reading -1 教材词汇考点笔记 教材考点词汇及重难点句型全解 1.potential n.潜力；可能性 adj.潜在的，可能的 [教材语境] Realizing your potential 发挥你的潜能 →potential [U]n.潜力；可能性 ◆the potential to do sth. 做某事的潜力 ◆the potential for (doing)sth. (做)某事的可能性/潜在性 ◆potential for(doing)sth. (做)某事的可能性 ·The European marketplace offers excellent potential for increasing sales. 欧洲市场带来了扩销的大好机遇。 o The region has enormous potential for economic development. 该地区经济发展潜力巨大。 ◆realize/achieve one's potential 发挥某人的潜能 ◆realize/achieve one's(full)potential (充分)发挥某人的潜力 ◆have the potential to do sth. 有潜力做某事；有做某事的潜力 o He has the potential to become a champion. 他有成为冠军的潜力。 ·The meeting has the potential to be a turning point in history. 这次会议有可能成为历史上的转折点。 ◆realize/achieve/fulfil one's(full)potential 发挥某人的(全部)潜能 【2023高考真题】The human brain has potential yet to be developed. 人类大脑的潜能还有待开发。 →potential adj.潜在的，可能的 ◆potential danger 潜在的危险 ◆potential problem 潜在的问题 ·First we need to find actual and potential problems. 首先，我们需要弄清实际的问题和潜在的问题。 ◆potential customer 潜在的顾客 o The company has a lot of potential customers. 这家公司有许多潜在的客户。 →potentially adv.潜在地，可能地 o Clearly this is a potentially dangerous situation. 这无疑是一种有潜在危险的局势。 ·The sums of money involved are potentially huge. 涉及的金额可能很大。 [词性变化] →potential [U]n.潜力；可能性 →potential adj.潜在的，可能的 →potentially adv.潜在地，可能地 [考点训练-实际运用] 1.Millions of dollars are now (potential)available to quantum computing researchers. 2.Humanity has the potential growth. 3.All the students, (等待着充分发挥身体的潜能),lined up at the start line,sprinted when the gun was fired,and pushed themselves to reach their fastest speed. ◎参考答案 1.potentially 2.for 3.waiting to fully realize their physical potential [考题情景] (1)在语法填空中的考法涉及固定搭配： ①have the potential to do sth. ②have the potential for /sth. for doing sth. (2)在语法填空中的考察词性变化： potential adj. →potentially adv. (3)在完成句子中主要考查固定搭配： realize/achieve one's(full)potential 2.senior adj.中学的(招收11或13岁以上学生);级别高的；高级水平的；老年的 n.级别(或地位)较高者；较…年长的人；高水平运动员 [教材语境] Welcome to senior high school! 欢迎进入高中! ◆senior high school 高中 ▲①adj.中学的(招收11或13岁以上学生);级别高的；高级水平的；成人的；老年的 o I won the 60-metre race,my first senior success. 我在60米赛跑中获胜，这是我第一次在高级别的赛事中获得胜利。 ◆be senior to... 比……职务/级别高；比……资格老 ◆be senior to sb. 比某人职务/级别高；比某人资格老 o The position had to be filled by an officer senior to Leonard. 这个职位必须由一个职务高于伦纳德的官员来担任。 ▲②n.级别(或地位)较高者；较……年长的人；高水平运动员；最高年级的学生，毕业班学生 o Juniors and seniors train together on Wednesday. 少年组和成年组周三一起训练。 ◆be...years sb's senior=be sb's senior by…years 比某人年长……岁 o Her husband was nine years her senior. 她丈夫比她大九岁。 [考点拓展精析] junior adj.(学校)为11或13岁以下儿童设立的；地位(或职位、级别)低下的；青少年的 n.职位较低者；青少年运动员 ◆junior to... 比……级别/职位低 特别注意：senior和junior作形容词时，本身已具有比较含义，故没有比较级和最高级形式。 3.challenge n.&vt.挑战；质疑 [教材语境] The path before you leads to a world full of challenges:a new environment,new knowledge and new ways of thinking. 你们面前的道路将通向一个充满挑战的世界：新的环境、新的知识和新的思维方式。 →challenge n.挑战；艰巨任务；质疑 →(复数)challenges ◆the challenge of(doing)sth. (做)某事的挑战 ·I get great pleasure from the challenge of doing jobs that others turn down. 我从挑战做别人拒绝的工作中获得极大的乐趣。 ◆face a challenge 面临挑战 ◆rise to/meet a challenge 迎接挑战 ·People were trying to help each other meet the challenges. 人们尽力帮助彼此迎接挑战。 ◆rise to the challenge 奋起应对挑战 ◆accept/take up/take on a challenge 接受挑战 o I love taking on challenges.I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. 我喜欢接受挑战。我曾经接受过一项挑战，一个月内每天创作一幅画，并将作品发布到网上。 →challenge vt.挑战；质疑；对……表示怀疑；激发，激励 ◆challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑战某事；(尤指在对方不情愿时)强烈建议某人做某事 ◆challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑战某事，邀请某人进行……比赛 ◆challenge sb. to do sth. 对某人做某事表示怀疑；激励某人做某事 o Every teacher ought to challenge students to think about current issues. 每一位老师都应该激励学生思考当前的问题。 ·Mike challenged me to a game of chess. 迈克硬逼着要和我下一盘棋。 ·Surround yourself with up lifting individuals who challenge you to be better. 和那些能激励你变得更好的人在一起。 ◆challenge oneself to do sth. 激励某人自己做某事 o Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 不断激励自己尝试新事物。 →challenging adj.具有挑战性的 o She performed the most challenging task without a mistake. 她毫无差错地完成了这一最具挑战性的任务。 →challenger n.挑战者；竞争者 [challenge--考题情景] (1)challenge在语法填空中的考法涉及： ①考查名词单复数； ②考查词性转换： challenging adj. challenger n. (2)challenge在完形填空中主要考查： 对其词义的把握 (3)在完成句子中主要考查固定搭配： ①◆face a challenge ②◆rise to/meet a challenge 迎接挑战 ③◆challenge sb. to sth. 4.positive adj.积极乐观的，自信的；良好的，正面的 [教材语境] However,for those of you with a positive mind,opportunity lies in each challenge. 但是，对你们当中拥有积极思维的人来说，机会存在于每一个挑战中。 [教材语境] Of equal importance are good study habits,useful skills and a positive attitude. 同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能和积极的态度。 ◆a positive attitude 乐观的态度 ·A well-balanced diet, proper physical exercise and positive attitudes towards life help people to maintain good health. 均衡的饮食，适当的体育运动以及对生活积极的态度有助于人们保持健康。 ◆have positive effects on sth. 对……有积极的影响 ·I believe that the Internet has positive effects on our lives. 我认为互联网对我们的生活有积极的影响。 ◆be positive about... 对……积极 →positive adj.（医学检验）呈阳性的 ·The runner was not allowed to compete after testing positive for drugs. 这位赛跑运动员在药物检测中被测出呈阳性后被禁止比赛。 →positively adv.积极地；肯定地 →(反义词)negative adj.消极的，负面的；有害的；结果为阴性的 →negative n.[C]否定 5.lie in 存在于，在于 [教材语境] However,for those of you with a positive mind,opportunity lies in each challenge. 但是，对你们当中拥有积极思维的人来说，机会存在于每一个挑战中。 ◆lie in 存在于，在于 o The root of all these events lay in history. 所有这些事件的根源都在于历史。 [考点拓展精析] →lie vi.(lied,lied,lying)说谎；撒谎 ◆lie to sb. about sth. 关于某事向某人撒谎 o He is always lying to others about his financial condition.在经济状况这件事上，他总是向别人撒谎。 →lie [C]n.谎言；谎话 ◆tell a lie = tell lies 撒谎 ◆a white lie 善意的谎言 o To avoid hurting her,he told a white lie.为了不伤害她，他撒了个善意的谎。 →lie vi.(lay,lain,lying)躺，平卧；位于；在于 ◆lie down 躺下 [常考易混辨析] lie与lay的含义区别 易混词 含义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 lie vi.说谎；撒谎 lied lied lying vi.躺，平卧；位于；在于 lay lain lying lay vt.搁；放 laid laid laying vi.&vt.下蛋 6.effort n.努力，费力的事；试图 [教材语境] Most importantly,your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential. 最重要的是，你们在高中付出的时光和努力将打开你们的潜能之门。 →effort [C]n.试图，尽力，艰难的尝试 ◆make an effort/make efforts(to do sth.) 努力(做某事) ◆make every effort/spare no effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事 ◆make every effort to do sth. 尽全力做某事 o Every member of the international community should make efforts for peace. 国际社会的每一个成员都应该为和平作出努力。 ·Faced with so many challenges, Tom didn't give up and made great efforts to achieve success. 面对这么多的挑战，汤姆没有放弃，努力取得了成功。 ◆in an effort to do sth. 试图/努力做某事；为了做某事 o The volunteers organized the exhibition in an effort to raise public awareness of environmental protection. 志愿者们组织该展览是为了提高公众对环境保护的意识。 →effort [C,U]n.努力，费力的事，气力 ◆spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事 ·As for the issue in question, we'll spare no effort to solve it. 至于正在讨论的问题，我们将不遗余力地加以解决。 ◆put effort into(doing)sth. 对(做)某事付出努力 ◆put effort into sth. 努力做某事 ·You should put more effort into your work. 你应该在工作上更加努力。 ◆with effort/without effort 费力地/轻松地 ◆with(an)effort 费力地 ◆without effort 毫不费力地 ◆be well worth the effort 非常值得 →effortless adj.不费力的 [effort--考题情景] (1)effort在语法填空中常考查其固定搭配： ①in an effort to do sth. ②make every effort to do sth. ③◆make every effort/spare no effort to do sth. ④◆without effort (2)effort在完形填空中主要考查： 对其词义的把握 7.advance n.进步，进展；前进，行进 vt.&vi.发展，进步 [教材语境] Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create,what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop! 谁知道你们会创作出什么样美丽的艺术品，会取得什么样的医学进步，或者会开发出什么样的惊人技术! →advance n.[C]进步，进展；前进，行进 ·We live in an age of rapid technological advances. 我们生活在技术迅猛发展的时代。 ◆advance in... 方面的进步/进展 ◆in advance(= ahead of time) 提前；预先 o He wanted to book a ticket for the football match in advance,but missed the chance. 他想提前订一张足球赛的票，但错过了机会。 ◆in advance of... (时间上)在……之前；(发展上)比……先进 ·People withdrew from the coastal regions in advance of the hurricane. 飓风袭来之前，沿海地带的人已经撤离。 ◆make an advance/advances(in...) (在……方面)进步，进展 ·Gradually,he made advances in his physics study. 渐渐地，他在物理研究方面取得了进展。 →advance v.(知识、技术等)发展，进步；促进；推动；前进，推进 o This research has done much to advance our understanding of language learning. 这项研究大大提高了我们对语言学习的认识。 →(动词现在分词)advancing o Studying for new qualifications is one way of advancing your career. 为提高学历而进修是促进事业发展的一个办法。 ◆advance on/towards ... 朝(向)……前进 ·We will advance towards a higher goal this year. 今年我们将朝着更高的目标迈进。 →advanced adj.(课程)高级的；先进的 o Their equipment isn't as advanced as ours. 他们的设备不如我们的先进。 ·A gap remains between the advanced countries and the developing ones. 发达国家和发展中国家之间仍然存在差距。 [advance-考题情景] 在语法填空中的考法涉及： ①考查词性转换： adj. advanced ②考查其固定搭配： in advance 预先；提前 in advance of... make an advance/advances(in...) 8.amazing◆ adj.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的 [教材语境] Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create,what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop! 谁知道你们会创作出什么样美丽的艺术品，会取得什么样的医学进步，或者会开发出什么样的惊人技术! →amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的；惊人的；了不起的(=very surprising) ·It's quite amazing that he should be unaware of what's going on! 他对正在发生的事居然毫不知情，这实在叫人感到诧异! →◆amazed adj.吃惊的 ◆be amazed at/by/that... 对……感到吃惊 o We were amazed at his changed appearance.我们对他外貌的变化感到惊讶。 ◆be amazed to do sth. ... 惊讶地做某事 →amaze vi.使惊讶；使惊奇 ◆It amazes sb. that/what/how... 让某人感到惊讶的是…… ◆What amazes sb. Is... 让某人感到惊讶的是…… o It amazes me that no one thought of the idea.让我感到惊讶的是没人想过这个主意。 →◆amazement n.[U]惊奇；吃惊 ◆in amazement 吃惊地 ·I stared at her in amazement. 我惊讶地盯着她。 o All the people in the lecture hall stared at him in amazement when he talked loudly with his friend. 当他大声地与他的朋友交谈时，报告厅里所有的人都吃惊地盯着他。 ◆to one's amazement 令某人吃惊的是 ·To our amazement, we found the river had been seriously polluted. 令我们惊奇的是，我们发现这条河已经被严重污染了。 →amazingly adv.惊人地；令人惊奇的是 [考题情景] (1)在语法填空中的考法涉及： 考查词性转换： ①amaze v. →amazing adj. ②amaze v. →amazed adj. ③amaze v. →amazement n. ④amaze v. →amazingly 考查固定搭配： ⑤to one's amazement ⑥in amazement (2)在完形填空中主要考查： 对其联想词词义的把握 9.confidence n.信心，信任；把握 [教材语境] The possibilities are endless,and I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family,to your community and to our country. 可能性是无限的，我相信你们有能力对你们的家庭、你们的社区和我们的国家产生影响。 ·I have as much confidence in you as in him. 我对你和他一样有信心。 ·After preparations, he took the examination with full confidence. 经过准备，他满怀信心地参加了考试。 →confidence n.[U]信心，信任；把握…… … ◆build up one's confidence(in ...) 树立某人(在……方面)的信心 ◆build up one's confidence 建立某人的自信心 ·I need time to build up my confidence in the quality of your products. 我需要时间来树立对贵公司产品质量的信心。 ◆lack confidence = a lack of confidence 缺乏信心 ◆have/show confidence in sb./sth. 对……有信心 ◆have/lose confidence in... 对……有/失去信心 ◆have confidence in sb./sth./in doing sth. 对某人某事有信心 o I have confidence in my teammates. 我对我的队友有信心。 ◆lose confidence in sb./sth. 对某人某事失去信心；对……失去信心 ◆with confidence 有信心地，自信地；肯定地；有把握地 ◆confidence to do sth. 做某事的信心 →confident adj.自信的；有信心的；有把握的 ◆be/feel confident of(doing)sth. 对(做)某事有把握 o She was confident of having performed her duty. 她相信她已经履行了自己的责任。 ◆be confident about/(that)... 对……有信心 o I'm very confident about the future. 我对未来很有信心。 ·Just as the teacher said yesterday, we should be confident about our future. 正如老师昨天说的那样，我们应该对我们的未来有信心。 →confidently adv.自信地 [考题情景] (1)在语法填空中常考查词性变化： confidence n. →confident adj. confident adj. →confidence n. (2)在语法填空中常考查固定搭配： build up one's confidence ◆have confidence in doing sth. (3)在完形填空中常考查其adj.词义的把握： confident adj. (4)在完成句子中常考查固定搭配： have strong confidence in sth. 10.make a difference 起作用，有影响 [教材语境] The possibilities are endless,and I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family,to your community and to our country. 可能性是无限的，我相信你们有能力对你们的家庭、你们的社区和我们的国家产生影响。 ◆make a difference 起作用，有影响 o You can make a difference if you have a strong will and never give up. 如果你有坚强的意志，并且永不言弃，你会有所作为的。 o Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a difference in the world. 汉娜是许多正在改变世界的年轻人的榜样之一。 →difference n.差异；区别 ◆tell the difference 区分差别；看得出差异 o I can never tell the difference between the twins. 我从来都分不清这对双胞胎。 ◆make no/some/much/little difference(to/in sb./sth.) (对某人/某事)没有/有些/有很大/有很小作用/关系/影响 o—Shall we go on Friday or Saturday? 我们是星期五走还是星期六走? —It makes no difference to me. 我无所谓。/对我来说没有差别。 →differ vi.不同于；有分歧 ◆differ(from...)in... = be different(from...)in... (与……)在……方面不同 ◆differ(with sb.)about/on/over sth. (与某人)在某事上持不同意见 o The two sides in the dispute still differ with each other over the question of pay. 争执的双方在报酬问题上仍各执己见。 [考题情景] (1)在语法填空中的考法涉及考查： 该短语后接介词to/in的用法 (2)在语法填空中考查固定搭配： ◆make a big/great difference to ◆tell the difference (3)在完形填空中主要考查: 对其含义的把握。 (4)在完成句子中考查固定搭配： It makes no difference to me. 11.make the most of 利用；充分利用 [教材语境] To fully realize your potential,it is important for you to make the most of our school resources. 为了充分发挥你们的潜能，充分利用我们学校的资源是很重要的。 “充分利用”的其他表达： take full advantage of = make good use of = make full use of = put...to good use 12.take advantage of 利用 [教材语境] Take advantage of your classes,learn from your teachers and classmates,and make use of our school facilities. 利用好课堂，向老师和同学学习，并利用好学校的设施。 ◆take advantage of = make use of 利用；欺骗；占……的便宜 · They decided to take advantage of the fine weather to go to the country. 他们决定趁着晴朗的天气去乡下走走。 ◆take full advantage of 充分利用； o We took full advantage of the hotel facilities. 我们充分享用了旅馆设施。 →advantage n.[C,U]优点；有利条件；优势 ◆(have)an advantage over... 比……有优势；占上风 ·I think I have an advantage over other applicants as I am expert at dealing with senior citizens. 我认为我比其他申请人有优势，因为我擅长与老年人打交道。 ◆give sb. an advantage 给予某人优势 o Her teaching experience gave her a big advantage over the other applicants for the job. 她的教学经验使她比其他求职者具有很大优势。 ◆have the advantage of 有某方面的优势 ◆to one's advantage 对某人有利或有帮助 ◆be at an advantage 占优势 →disadvantage n.劣势；缺点 [考题情景] 在语法填空中的考法涉及： ①考查固定搭配： an advantage over 比……有优势 take advantage of 利用 ◆have the advantage of ◆to one's advantage ◆be at an advantage 占优势 ②考查其反义词： disadvantage n.劣势；缺点 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $