内容正文:
人教版七年级上册英语
STARTER UNIT 2 Keep Tidy!
重点知识梳理
新课标 · 全面提升
重点单词
重点单词讲解
重点短语
重点短语讲解
重点句型
重点句型讲解
重要知识点
重要知识点讲解
一、重点单词
本单元围绕"整理物品"展开,重点掌握学习用品、颜色、房间物品及方位相关词汇。
单词
音标与词性
中文释义
have
/hæv/ v.
有;拥有
ruler
/ˈruːlə(r)/ n.
尺;直尺
cap
/kæp/ n.
帽子(鸭舌帽)
pencil
/ˈpensl/ n.
铅笔
bottle
/ˈbɒtl/ n.
瓶子;水瓶
eraser
/ˈreɪzə(r)/ n.
橡皮;橡皮擦
key
/kiː/ n.
钥匙;键
keys
/kiːz/ n.
key 的复数形式
schoolbag
/ˈskuːlbæɡ/ n.
书包
new
/njuː/ adj.
新的
colour
/ˈkʌlə(r)/ n.
颜色;色彩
color
/ˈkʌlər/ n.
colour 的美式拼写
brown
/braʊn/ adj. & n.
棕色的;棕色
black
/blæk/ adj. & n.
黑色的;黑色
yellow
/ˈjeləʊ/ adj. & n.
黄色的;黄色
orange
/ˈɒrɪndʒ/ adj. & n.
橙色的;橙色
green
/ɡriːn/ adj. & n.
绿色的;绿色
blue
/bluː/ adj. & n.
蓝色的;蓝色
white
/waɪt/ adj. & n.
白色的;白色
red
/red/ adj. & n.
红色的;红色
bed
/bed/ n.
床
desk
/desk/ n.
书桌;课桌
chair
/tʃeə(r)/ n.
椅子
book
/bʊk/ n.
书
shoe
/ʃuː/ n.
鞋
shoes
/ʃuːz/ n.
shoe 的复数形式
box
/bɒks/ n.
盒子;箱子
sock
/sɒk/ n.
短袜
socks
/sɒks/ n.
sock 的复数形式
pair
/peə(r)/ n.
一双;一对
a pair of...
一副;一双……
find
/faɪnd/ v.
找到;发现
tidy
/ˈtaɪdi/ adj.
整洁的;整齐的
keep tidy
保持整洁
glasses
/ˈɡlaːsiz/ n.
眼镜(常用复数)
bicycle
/ˈbaɪsɪkl/ n.
自行车
bike
/baɪk/ n.
bicycle 的缩写,自行车
trousers
/ˈtraʊzəz/ n.
裤子(常用复数)
welcome
/ˈwelkəm/ adj.
受欢迎的
you're welcome
不客气;不用谢
sorry
/ˈsɒri/ adj.
抱歉的;对不起的
can
/kæn; kən/ modal v.
能;可以
can't
/kɑːnt/
can not 的缩写,不能
cannot
/ˈkænɒt/
不能(正式写法)
see
/siː/ v.
看见;看到
now
/naʊ/ adv.
现在
need
/niːd/ v.
需要
here
/hɪə(r)/ adv.
这里
there
/ðeə(r)/ adv.
那里
it
/ɪt/ pron.
它
is
/ɪz/ v.
是(be动词单数第三人称)
are
/ɑː(r)/ v.
是(be动词复数/第二人称)
not
/nɒt/ adv.
不;不是
isn't
is not 的缩写,不是
aren't
are not 的缩写,不是
they
/ðeɪ/ pron.
他/她/它们(主格)
they're
they are 的缩写,他/她/它们是
what
/wɒt; wɑːt/ det. & pron.
什么
where
/weə(r)/ adv.
在哪里;在何处
in
/ɪn/ prep.
在……里面
on
/ɒn/ prep.
在……上面
under
/ˈʌndə(r)/ prep.
在……下面
some
/sʌm/ det., pron.
一些;若干
thing
/θɪŋ/ n.
东西;事情
things
/θɪŋz/ n.
thing 的复数形式
front
/frʌnt/ n.
前面
other
/ˈʌðə(r)/ adj. & pron.
其他的;另外的
二、重点短语
短语
中文释义
have ... in one's schoolbag
书包里有……
what do you have
你有什么
a pair of socks / shoes / glasses
一双袜子 / 眼镜 / 一副眼镜
what colour is / are...
……是什么颜色的
keep (your room) tidy
保持(你的房间)整洁
I can't find...
我找不到……
Do you see them?
你看到它们了吗?
here it is / here they are
在这里;给你
you need to do sth.
你需要做某事
you're welcome
不客气;不用谢
in front of...
在……前面
on one's head
在某人的头上
under the desk / chair / bed
在书桌 / 椅子 / 床下
in / on / under
在……里面 / 在……上面 / 在……下面
talk about...
谈论……;谈论关于……
write about...
写关于……的内容
guess what it is
猜猜它是什么
take turns to do sth.
轮流做某事
三、重点句型
1. — What do you have in your schoolbag? — I have a bottle.
2. — What colour is the cap? — It's red.
3. — What colour are the trousers? — They're brown.
4. A schoolbag is on / under / in the desk.
5. I can't find my new cap.
6. — Is it in your schoolbag? — No, it isn't.
7. It's under your desk.
8. You need to keep your room tidy.
9. — Do you see them? — No, I don't see them.
10. They're on your head!
11. — You're welcome.
12. My schoolbag is red. It is under my chair.
13. My trousers are brown. They are on my bed.
14. — Is it a ruler? / Are they books?
15. — Where is it / are they? — It's / They're in / on / under...
四、重点句型讲解
1. 询问拥有的物品:What do you have...?
— What do you have in your schoolbag? — I have a bottle. / I have a cap.
have 是实义动词,意为"有、拥有"。do 在此句中是助动词,用于构成特殊疑问句。回答时用"I have + 物品"结构。注意:have 不能直接加 s 或 es 变为 has,因为主语是 you,不是第三人称单数。
2. 询问颜色:What colour is/are...?
— What colour is the cap? — It's red.
— What colour are the trousers? — They're brown.
colour(美式拼写作 color)是名词"颜色"。提问时根据主语的单复数选择 be 动词:单数物品用 is,回答 It's + 颜色;复数物品用 are,回答 They're + 颜色。本单元要求掌握八种基本颜色:red, yellow, green, blue, brown, black, white, orange。
3. 方位介词:in / on / under
A schoolbag is on / in / under the desk.
Some books are in the box.
A pair of socks is under the bed.
三个最基础的方位介词:
• in:在……里面(内部空间);例:The pen is in the pencil box.
• on:在……上面(表面接触);例:The book is on the desk.
• under:在……下面(正下方);例:The cat is under the chair.
4. 寻找物品:I can't find...
Mum, I can't find my new cap.
Dad: I can't find my new glasses.
can 是情态动词,意为"能、可以"。can't (= cannot) 表示"不能"。find 是实义动词,意为"找到"。can 后面接动词原形 find。该句型常用于找不到东西时表达困惑和求助。
5. 一般疑问句:Is it...? Do you see...?
— Is it in your schoolbag? — No, it isn't.
— Do you see them? — No, I don't see them.
• Is it + 地点? 用于确认物品是否在某处。肯定回答 Yes, it is. 否定回答 No, it isn't.
• Do you see + 宾语? 用于询问对方是否看到某物。do 是助动词,see 是实义动词"看见"。否定回答用 don't see。
6. 描述物品的位置与颜色
My schoolbag is red. It is under my chair.
My trousers are brown. They are on my bed.
描述物品时通常包含两个信息:颜色 + 位置。句型为:"主语 + is/are + 颜色. It/They + is/are + 介词短语." 注意主谓一致:单数主语用 is/It's,复数主语用 are/They're。
7. 礼貌用语与回应
— Thank you, Emma! — You're welcome.
OK. Sorry, Mum.
You're welcome 是对 Thank you 的标准回答,意为"不客气"。Sorry 用于表达歉意,常用于做错事或给别人添麻烦后道歉。
五、重点知识点及讲解
1. 实义动词 have 的用法
本单元的核心语法之一是 have 表示"拥有"。have 是实义动词,其疑问句需要借助助动词 do/does 构成。
肯定句:I have a bottle. / She has a new cap.
疑问句:What do you have? / What does she have?
否定句:I don't have a ruler. / She doesn't have an eraser.
注意:主语为第三人称单数(he/she/it/单个人名)时,have 变为 has,助动词用 does。其他人称用 have,助动词用 do。
2. 颜色形容词的用法
颜色词属于形容词,放在 be 动词之后作表语,或放在名词之前作定语。
作表语:The cap is red. / The trousers are brown.
作定语:I have a red cap. / She wears brown shoes.
本单元八个基础颜色词必须牢记:red 红、yellow 黄、green 绿、blue 蓝、brown 棕/褐、black 黑、white 白、orange 橙。
3. 方位介词辨析:in / on / under
介词是表示事物之间位置关系的重要虚词。本单元学习三个最基本的方位介词:
介词
含义
例句
in
在……里面
The books are in the bag.
on
在……上面(接触表面)
The pen is on the desk.
under
在……下面(正下方)
The ball is under the chair.
4. 主谓一致(is vs. are)
be 动词的选择取决于主语的单复数:
• 单数主语(或不可数名词)→ 用 is:The cap is red. My schoolbag is new.
• 复数主语 → 用 are:The trousers are brown. My shoes are under the bed.
• 特殊:a pair of + 复数名词 → 视为一个整体,用单数:A pair of socks is under the bed.
5. 情态动词 can / can't
can 是情态动词,意为"能、可以",没有人称和数的变化,后面接动词原形。
I can find my cap. (我能找到我的帽子。)
I can't find my new glasses. (我找不到我的新眼镜。)
Can you see them? (你能看到它们吗?)
can 的否定形式有两种写法:can't(口语常用)和 cannot(较正式)。
6. 代词 it / they 的指代
it 用于指代上文提到的单数名词;they 用于指代复数名词。
Where is my cap? It's under the desk. (it = cap,单数)
Where are my glasses? They're on your head. (they = glasses,复数)
7. 缩写形式总结
完整形式
缩写形式
I am
I'm
I am not
I'm not
is not
isn't
are not
aren't
can not
can't / cannot
they are
they're
it is
it's
do not
don't
8. 语音:五个元音字母的长音
本单元 Pronunciation 板块聚焦五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)在开音节中的长元音发音:
字母及发音
示例单词
a → /eɪ/
age, cake, game, plane, lake, late, take
e → /iː/
he, these, she, we, be, me, bed
i → /aɪ/
fine, bike, time, kite, ice, white
o → /əʊ/
no, those, close, rose, home, nose, go
u → /juː/
use, cute, music, student, pupil, duke
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