暑假专项提升--小数的加法和减法计算题（专项练习）-2025-2026学年数学人教版四年级下册

**基本信息** 聚焦小数加减法运算能力培养，通过口算、竖式、脱式三级训练，构建从基础技能到简便运算的递进式训练体系。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |直接写出得数|5组（20+题）|含不同小数位数加减，考查口算准确性|巩固小数加减基础，培养数感与运算速度| |竖式计算|7组（含验算、整数减小数）|强调小数点对位、进退位及验算规范|建立笔算步骤逻辑，提升运算准确性| |脱式计算|8组（含多种简便方法）|运用加法交换律、结合律及减法性质|从按序计算到优化运算，发展推理意识与简便运算能力|

暑假专项提升-小数的加法和减法计算题（专项练） 2025-2026学年小学数学人教版四年级下学期 一、直接写出得数 1.直接写出得数。 5.15+0.5=0.94-0.54=0.94-0.5=4.5-3= 0.08+0.2=8.3+0=10+0.97=0.56-0.06= 8.1+9=0.64+0.16=7.82-7.8=1-0.54= 2.直接写出得数。 0.8+0.02=1-0.28=0.56+0.4=9.3+17= 0.46+3.54=1.6+0.16=0.8+3.2=7.3-0.6= 11.2-1.2=0.92-0.32=7.2-5.8=5-0.4= 3.直接写出得数。 3+2.5= 6.8-0.8= 0.8+0.12= 8.6-2.5= 1-0.37= 0.33+0.16= 0.96-0.7 0.36+0.44 7.2+0.14= 10.56+2.3 4.直接写出得数。 3.6+1.3=8.6-2.4=1.06+2.2=7.98-4.66= 0.77-0.33=0.81-0.5=3.17+4.51=0.66+1.2= 5.直接写出得数。 5.7-2.4=0.2+9.3=10.23+21.34=6.47-1.2= 6.1+3.7=8.98-7.72=10.11+1.02=16.75-14.25= 二、竖式计算 6.列竖式计算，并验算。 3.52+4.8= 2.83-2.56= 10.12-4.68= 7.用竖式计算。 7.32+5.48= 31.75-29.8= 10-2.36= 8.简便计算。 3.9+6.08+6.1+3.92 86.59-7.31-2.69 9.用竖式计算。 6.78+2.44=36.12-7.89=80.1-25.27 10.列竖式计算，带★的要验算。 45.6+8.74= 21.5-13.91= ★60-10.06= 11.列竖式计算。 6.08-3.44= 31.76+59.19= 60-15.44= 16.38+25.8= 12.列竖式计算。 25.86+8.57=85.2-35.6=80.25-37.45= 5.78+24.22=50.32-37.8=18.78+2.9= 三、脱式计算 13.脱式计算，能简算的要简算。 27.3+73.2+72.743.25-10.4-3.25 3.8+1.37+6.2+12.6376.8-27.4-12.6 14.计算下面各题，能简算的要简算。 12.01-5.84-4.16 7.86+13.5-1.86 8.46-2.25-3.75 7.8+4.83+2.17+2.2 16.39-(4.39-3.8) 4.8+5.97+4.2-5.97 15.计算下面各题，怎样简便就怎样计算。 3.56+26.8+6.44 10.68+82.9-6.68 15.37-(7.45-2.37） 52.17-(34.9+12.17） 3.08+7.78-2.08+7.78 20.05-2.7+39.5-6.3 16.怎样简便怎样算。 20.7+4.56-3.98 15.2+0.9+0.1 8.15-2.85-1.15 19.92+4.8-9.92 48.67-(5.67+0.9) 7.5+2.5-7.5+2.5 17.计算下面各题，怎样简便就怎样算。 3.76+5.48+6.24 17.89-8.6-7.89 8.75-3.78-4.22 18.计算下面各题，怎样简便就怎样算。 8.68+5.76+1.32 4.78-0.96-0.04 17.83-(5.83+4.38) 19-9.09-1.91 2.86+5.78-0.86 0.72+0.18+0.49+0.21 19.脱式计算，能简算的要简算。 ①12.01-5.84-4.16 ②7.86+13.5-1.86 ③7.8+4.83+2.17+2.2 16.39-(4.39-3.8) ④ 20.计算下面各题，怎样简便就怎样算。 12.17-4.6-3.4 46.28-(35.7+6.28) 5.76+2.43+7.57+4.24 3.46+2.8+3.2 37.6-(9.84-3.46) 9.54-7.26+5.46+9.26 参考答案 1.5.65:0.4:0.44:1.5 0.28:8.3:10.97:0.5 17.1:0.8；0.02；0.46 2.0.82:0.72:0.96:26.3: 4:1.76:4:6.7: 10:0.6:1.4:4.6 3. 5.5:6;0.92；6.1: 0.63:0.49:0.26:0.8 7.34:12.86 4. 4.9:6.2；3.26:3.32 0.44:0.31:7.681.86 5. 3.3:9.5:31.57:5.27: 9.8:1.26:11.13；2.5 6.8.32:0.27:5.44 3.52+4.8=8.32 2.83-2.56=0.27 3.52 4.80 2.83 0.27 +480验算：+352 -2.56验算：+2.5,6 8.32 8.32 0.27 2.83 10.12-4.68=5.44 10.12 5.44 -4.68验算： +141618 5.44 10.12 7. 12.8:1.95:7.64 7.32+5.48=12.8 31.75-29.8=1.95 10-2.36=7.64 7.32 3i.75 i0.00 +15.418 -29.80 ·2.36 12.80 1.95 7.64 8.20:76.59 3.9+6.08+6.1+3.92 =3.9+6.1+6.08+3.92 =(3.9+6.1)+(6.08+3.92) =10+10 =20 86.59-7.31-2.69 =86.59-(7.31+2.69) =86.59-10 =76.59 9. 9.22:28.23:54.83 6.78+2.44=9.2236.12-7.89=28.2380.1-25.27=54.83 6.7836.i2 80.i0 +2144 -7.89 -25.27 9.22 28.23 54.83 10.54.34:7.59;49.94 45.6+8.74=54.34 21.5-13.91=7.59 ★60-10.06=49.94 45.60 21.50 60.00 +18,74 -13.91 -10.06验算： 54.34 7.59 49.94 10.06 +419914 60.00 11. 2.64:90.95 44.56.42.18 6.08-3.44=2.64 31.76+59.19=90.95 6.08 31.76 -3.44 +5,9.19 2.64 90.95 60-15.44=44.56 16.38+25.8=42.18 60.00 16.38 -15.44 +215180 44.56 42.18 12.34.43:49.6:42.8; 30:12.52:21.68 25.86+8.57=34.43 85.2-35.6=49.6 80.25-37.45=42.8 25.86 85.2 80.25 +18517 -35.6 -37.45 34.43 49.6 42.80 5.78+24.22=30 50.32-37.8=12.52 18.78+2.9=21.68 5.78 50.32 18.78 +241212 -37.80 +1290 30.00 12.52 21.68 13.173.2:29.6: 24:36.8 27.3+73.2+72.7 =27.3+72.7+73.2 =100+73.2 =173.2 43.25-10.4-3.25 =43.25-3.25-10.4 =40-10.4 =29.6 3.8+1.37+6.2+12.63 =(3.8+6.2)+(1.37+12.63) =10+14 =24 76.8-27.4-12.6 =76.8-(27.4+12.6) =76.8-40 =36.8 14.2.01:19.52.46: 17:15.8,9 12.01-5.84-4.16 =12.01-(5.84+4.16) =12.01-10 =2.01 7.86+13.5-1.86 =7.86-1.86+13.5 =6+13.5 =19.5 8.46-2.25-3.75 =8.46-(2.25+3.75) =8.46-6 =2.46 7.8+4.83+2.17+2.2 =7.8+2.2+2.17+4.83 =(7.8+2.2)+(2.17+4.83) =10+7 =17 16.39-(4.39-3.8) =16.39-4.39+3.8 =12+3.8 =15.8 4.8+5.97+4.2-5.97 =(4.8+4.2)+(5.97-5.97) =9+0 =9 15.36.8:86.9:10.29: 5.1:16.56,50.55 3.56+26.8+6.44 =3.56+6.44+26.8 =10+26.8 =36.8 10.68+82.9-6.68 =10.68-6.68+82.9 =4+82.9 =86.9 15.37-(7.45-2.37) =15.37-5.08 =10.29 52.17-(34.9+12.17) =52.17-12.17-34.9 =40-34.9 =5.1 3.08+7.78-2.08+7.78 =(3.08-2.08)+(7.78+7.78) =1+15.56 =16.56 20.05-2.7+39.5-6.3 =(20.05+39.5)-(2.7+6.3) =59.55-9 =50.55 16.21.28.16.2；4.15 14.8:42.1,5 20.7+4.56-3.98 =25.26-3.98 =21.28 15.2+0.9+0.1 =15.2+(0.9+0.1) =15.2+1 =16.2 8.15-2.85-1.15 =8.15-(2.85+1.15) =8.15-4 =4.15 19.92+4.8-9.92 =19.92-9.92+4.8 =10+4.8 =14.8 48.67-(5.67+0.9) =48.67-5.67-0.9 =43-0.9 =42.1 7.5+2.5-7.5+2.5 =(7.5-7.5)+(2.5+2.5) =0+5 =5 17.15.48:1.4:0.75 3.76+5.4816.24 =3.76+6.24+5.48 =10+5.48 =15.48 17.89-8.6-7.89 =17.89-7.89-8.6 =10-8.6 =1.4 8.75-3.78-4.22 =8.75-(3.78+4.22) =8.75-8 =0.75 18.15.76,3.78:7.62 8:7.78:1.6 8.68+5.76+1.32 =(8.68+1.32)+5.76 =10+5.76 =15.76 4.78-0.96-0.04 =4.78-(0.96+0.04) =4.78-1 =3.78 17.83-(5.83+4.38) =17.83-5.83-4.38 =12-4.38 =7.62 19-9.09-1.91 =19-(9.09+1.91) =19-11 =8 2.86+5.78-0.86 =2.86-0.86+5.78 =2+5.78 =7.78 0.72+0.18+0.49+0.21 =(0.72+0.18)+(0.49+0.21) =0.9+0.7 =1.6 19.①2.01；②19.5： ③17：④15.8 ①12.01-5.84-4.16 =12.01-(5.84+4.16) =12.01-10 =2.01 ②7.86+13.5-1.86 =7.86-1.86+13.5 =6+13.5 =19.5 ③7.8+4.83+2.17+2.2 =7.8+2.2+4.83+2.17 =(7.8+2.2)+(4.83+2.17) =10+7 =17 ④16.39-(4.39-3.8) =16.39-4.39+3.8 =12+3.8 =15.8 20.4.17:4.3:20 9.46:31.22:17 12.17-4.6-3.4 =12.17-(4.6+3.4) =12.17-8 =4.17 46.28-(35.7+6.28) =46.28-35.7-6.28 =46.28-6.28-35.7 =40-35.7 =4.3 5.76+2.43+7.57+4.24 =(5.76+4.24)+(2.43+7.57) =10+10 =20 3.46+2.8+3.2 =3.2+2.8+3.46 =6+3.46 =9.46 37.6-(9.84-3.46) =37.6-9.84+3.46 =27.76+3.46 =31.22 9.54-7.26+5.46+9.26 =(9.54+5.46)+(9.26-7.26) =15+2 =17