Unit 2 Home Sweet Home单元语法讲义（讲练结合）2026～2027学年人教版八年级英语上册

Unit 2 · 情态动词 can / could（礼貌请求与征询许可） 人教版八年级上册  ·  语法精讲 · 随堂练 · 综合检测 学习目标 · 目标一：归纳并总结情态动词 can 和 could 用于礼貌地提出请求和征询许可的结构特征、功能及用法。 · 目标二：根据实际情况运用 have to、need to 等表达，得体地对请求或许可征询问题给出回应。 · 目标三：在真实语境中灵活运用 can 和 could 礼貌地提出请求和征询许可。 一 、can / could 用于请求与许可 1. 功能对比 功能 结构 例句 提出请求（Request） 请求对方做某事 Can / Could + you + 动词原形 + 其他? Could you please sweep the floor? Can you help me hang up the photos? 征询许可（Permission） 请求允许自己做某事 Can / Could + I / we + 动词原形 + 其他? Can I put some flowers on the table? Could I hang out with my friends? 2. can 与 could 的区别 核心区别 · can → 非正式，用于日常对话、熟悉的人之间 · could → 更礼貌、更正式，用于陌生人、长辈或正式场合 · 两者均可使用，但 could 更委婉、更客气 3. 常见回应方式 肯定回应 否定回应 • Sure. / Of course. • No problem. • OK. / All right. • Yes, if you are careful. • Sorry, but you have to ... • I'm afraid you can't. • No, you can't. • You need to ... first. 破解点： · 请求别人做事 → Can / Could + you + 动词原形 ...? · 请求允许自己做某事 → Can / Could + I / we + 动词原形 ...? · 用 could 比 can 更礼貌 4. 教材 3a 精讲 判断 R（请求）或 P（许可）： · Could you please sweep the floor? → R（Request） · Could I hang out with my friends after lunch? → P（Permission） · Can I put some flowers on the table? → P（Permission） · Can you help me hang up the photos? → R（Request） 破解点：看主语！you → 请求对方（Request）；I / we → 征询许可（Permission） 练习一 · 用 can / could 完成句子，并判断 R 或 P 1. _______________ you please pass me the salt?  （请求/许可？） 2. _______________ I use your phone?  （请求/许可？） 3. _______________ you help me with the heavy box?  （请求/许可？） 4. _______________ I go to the party tonight?  （请求/许可？） 5. _______________ you show me how to do it?  （请求/许可？） 6. _______________ we have a rest now?  （请求/许可？） 二 、教材 3b 精讲 · 选择问句补全对话 选择最佳问句补全对话： · Mr Lake, can I use your toilet? → 征询许可 → 答：Of course you can. · Could I use your computer? → 征询许可 → 答：Yes, if you are careful. · Can I stay out until eleven? → 征询许可 → 答：No, you can't. · Could you give me a ride to town now? → 提出请求 → 答：I can't. 破解点：看答语判断！ "Of course you can" → 征询许可（Can I ...? / Could I ...?） "I can't. I have to ..." → 提出请求（Can you ...? / Could you ...?） 练习二 · 用所给词完成问句 1. _______________ (Could you / Can I) please turn down the music? — Sure. 2. _______________ (Could I / Can you) borrow your pen? — Of course. 3. _______________ (Can I / Could you) help me carry this box? — No problem. 4. _______________ (Could you / Could I) use the bathroom? — Sure, it's down the hall. 三 、教材 3c 精讲 · 创编对话 在以下情境中用 can / could 创编对话： · 情境1：在朋友家，手机没电想打电话。 A: Can / Could I use your phone? B: Sure. / Of course. · 情境2：生病在家，朋友去上课并记了笔记，想了解课堂内容。 A: Could I have a look at your notes? B: Of course. Here you are. · 情境3：抱着大箱子，开门困难，邻居经过。 A: Could you please open the door for me? B: Sure. No problem. · 情境4：和同学想帮忙清洁社区，请同学带手套和垃圾袋。 A: Could you please bring some gloves and rubbish bags? B: Sure. I'll bring them. 练习三 · 根据情境完成对话 1. 你想向老师借词典。 A: __________________________ B: Of course. Here you are. 2. 你想请邻居帮你提重物。 A: __________________________ B: No problem. I'd love to help. 3. 你想问爸爸能否晚点回家。 A: __________________________ B: Sorry, but you have to come back before 9:00. 4. 你想请同学帮你拿书。 A: __________________________ B: Sure. Let me get it for you. 四 、易错点与重难点 易错点一：混淆“提出请求”和“征询许可”。 ✅ Could you help me?（请求对方） ✅ Could I use your phone?（请求允许自己） 易错点二：can 和 could 使用场合不当。 ✅ Could you please ...?（更礼貌） ✅ Can you ...?（非正式） 易错点三：否定回应要给出理由。 ❌ No, you can't.（生硬） ✅ No, you can't. You have to finish your homework first. 易错点四：回答请求与回答许可用词不同。 ✅ Can I use your pen? — Yes, you can. ✅ Can you help me? — Sure. 易错点五：have to / need to 后接动词原形。 ✅ Sorry, but I have to finish my work. ✅ You need to clean your room first. 练习四 · 改错题 1. Can I use your phone? — No, you don't. →     ____________________________________________ 2. Could you please to help me with this? →     ____________________________________________ 3. Could you please borrowing your pen? →     ____________________________________________ 4. Could I go to the movies? — Yes, you could. →     ____________________________________________ 5. Can you to help me carry these books? →     _________________________________ 6. Could I using your computer? →     ____________________________________________ 五、 语法图表总结（必背） can / could 用于请求与许可 功能 结构 例句 提出请求 Can / Could + you + 动词原形? Could you please help me? 征询许可 Can / Could + I / we + 动词原形? Can I use your phone? 肯定回应 Sure. / Of course. / No problem. Sure. / Of course. 否定回应 Sorry, but ... / I'm afraid ... Sorry, but you have to ... can / could 用法口诀 can 和 could 表请求， you 请求别人做，I 问自己能不能， could 更礼貌更客气， 回应要得体，理由要给出！ 六、 综合检测（全题型） 一、单项选择题 1. _______________ you please pass me the book? A. Can B. Could C. Both A and B are correct. 2. _______________ I use your bike? — Sure. Here is the key. A. Can B. Could C. Both A and B are correct. 3. — Could I go to the cinema tonight? — No, you _______________. You have to study for the exam. A. can B. could C. can't D. couldn't 4. — Could you help me carry this box? — _______________ A. No, you can't. B. Sure. No problem. C. Yes, you can. D. No, I don't. 5. _______________ you please open the window? — Of course. A. Can B. Could C. Both A and B are correct. 6. — Can I put my bag here? — _______________. I need this seat. A. Sure B. Of course C. Sorry, you can't D. No problem 7. — Could you give me a ride to town? — I'm sorry, I _______________ do some work now. A. have to B. need to C. Both A and B are correct. 8. — _______________ I use your computer? — Yes, if you are careful with it. A. Can B. Could C. Both A and B are correct. 二、用 can / could 完成句子 1. _______________ you please turn down the music? — Sure. 2. _______________ I borrow your pen? — Of course. 3. _______________ you help me carry this box? — No problem. 4. _______________ I use the bathroom? — Sure, it's down the hall. 5. _______________ you please pass me the salt? — Here you are. 6. _______________ we have a rest now? — OK. Let's take a break. 三、句型转换 1. Can I use your phone?（改为更礼貌的表达）     ____________________________________________ 2. Could you please help me?（改为同义句，用 Can）     ____________________________________________ 3. You have to finish your homework first.（对划线部分提问）     ____________________________________________ 4. Can I go out with my friends?（作否定回答，并给出理由）     ____________________________________________ 5. Could you open the door for me?（作肯定回答）     ____________________________________________ 四、句子翻译 1. 你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？ →     ____________________________________________ 2. 我可以用一下你的手机吗？ →     ____________________________________________ 3. 对不起，你必须在9点前回来。 →    ____________________________________________  4. 请递给我那本书好吗？ →     ____________________________________________ 5. 当然没问题。 →     ____________________________________________ 五、短文填空 Yesterday was my mother's birthday. I wanted to buy her a gift. I said to my father, "   ___________  (Can / Could) I go to the shop?" My father said, "Yes, you  ___________    (can / could)." Then I asked him, " ___________    (Can / Could) you give me some money?" He said, "Sure." When I was about to leave, he said, "   ___________  (Can / Could) you come back before 5:00? We need to prepare for the party." I said, "OK. I     ___________ (can / will) try my best." In the shop, I asked the shop assistant, " ___________    (Can / Could) you show me that scarf?" She said, "Of course." I bought a beautiful scarf for my mother. She was very happy. 六、改错题 1. Can I help you? — No, you don't. → _________________________________ 2. Could you please to closing the window? → _________________________________ 3. He have to finish his homework before watching TV. →  _________________________________ 4. Could I go swimming? — Yes, you could. → _________________________________ 5. Can you to helping me with this problem? →_________________________________ 6. Could I to use your dictionary? →_________________________________ 七、选词填空 从方框中选择正确的词填空。 Can / Could / can't / have to / need to 1. _______________ you please help me with the housework? 2. I _______________ go to the supermarket. We have no food at home. 3. _______________ I use your phone? — Sorry, I _______________ use it now. 4. You _______________ finish your homework before you watch TV. 5. _______________ you open the window? It's too hot in here. 6. I _______________ (不能) go to the party because I have to study for the exam. 七、 课后自我检测清单 · 我能区分 can 和 could 在礼貌请求和征询许可中的用法。 · 我能正确使用“提出请求”结构（Can / Could + you + 动词原形）。 · 我能正确使用“征询许可”结构（Can / Could + I / we + 动词原形）。 · 我能得体地肯定和否定回应他人的请求或许可征询。 · 我能用 have to / need to 给出否定回应的理由。 · 我能在真实情境中运用 can / could 进行礼貌交流。 参考答案 练习一： 1. Could（R）　2. Can / Could（P）　3. Can / Could（R）　4. Can / Could（P）　5. Can / Could（R）　6. Can / Could（P） 练习二： 1. Could you　2. Could I　3. Could you　4. Could I 练习三： 1. Could I borrow your dictionary? / Can I use your dictionary?　2. Could you please help me carry these heavy things? / Can you give me a hand?　3. Can I come back home late? / Could I stay out a little longer?　4. Can you help me get the book? / Could you please pass me the book? 练习四： 1. No, you can't.　2. Could you please help me with this?　3. Could you please lend me your pen? / Could you please let me borrow your pen?　4. Yes, you can. / No, you can't.　5. Can you help me carry these books?　6. Could I use your computer? 综合检测 · 一： 1. C　2. C　3. C　4. B　5. C　6. C　7. C　8. C 综合检测 · 二： 1. Can / Could　2. Can / Could　3. Can / Could　4. Can / Could　5. Can / Could　6. Can / Could 综合检测 · 三： 1. Could I use your phone?　2. Can you help me?　3. What do you have to do first?　4. No, you can't. You have to stay at home. / No, you can't. You have to study for the exam.　5. Sure. / Of course. / No problem. 综合检测 · 四： 1. Can / Could you help me carry this box?　2. Can / Could I use your phone?　3. Sorry, but you have to come back before 9:00.　4. Can / Could you please pass me that book?　5. Sure. / Of course. / No problem. 综合检测 · 五： ① Can / Could　② can / could　③ Can / Could　④ Can / Could　⑤ can / will　⑥ Can / Could 综合检测 · 六： 1. No, you can't. / No, you don't need to.　2. Could you please close the window?　3. He has to finish his homework before watching TV.　4. Yes, you can. / No, you can't.　5. Can you help me with this problem? / Can you help me solve this problem?　6. Could I use your dictionary? 综合检测 · 七： 1. Can / Could　2. have to / need to　3. Can / Could / can't　4. have to / need to　5. Can / Could　6. can't 人教版八上 Unit 2 · 语法讲义 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $