Unit 2 课时1 Reading（教学课件）英语新教材沪教版九年级上册

该初中英语课件围绕“伟大思想的来源、影响及解决问题的过程”展开，课堂导入通过牛顿万有引力、青霉素发现等跨领域案例，结合“伟大思想从哪里来”等问题讨论，搭建从学生已知物理知识（阿基米德原理）到阅读故事的学习支架，衔接新旧知识。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过阿基米德故事阅读任务（理解问题解决过程）、词汇练习（如fancy, displace辨析）及“迁移创新”中的故事总结，提升学生语言理解与表达能力，培养分析和解决问题的思维。考点速递系统梳理核心词汇用法，便于教师教学，助力学生巩固知识，提升学习效率。

Unit 2 Section 1 Reading Great ideas 沪教版新教材英语（九年级上） 1 学习目标 I can talk about people with great ideas. understand different ways of coming up with new ideas. explain how a great idea solved a problem. find out how great ideas have changed our lives. 2 01 新 课 导 入 03 应 用 实 践 06 回 顾 总 结 07 随 堂 小 练 02 学 习 理 解 04 迁 移 创 新 05 考 点 速 递 学习内容 3 新课导入 1 4 Great ideas in different fields Newton’s theory of gravity（牛顿万有引力定律） Isaac Newton（艾萨克・牛顿） Great people with great ideas Influences of great ideas Where great ideas come from Curiosity and questions：Wondering “Why does an apple fall?” led Newton to think about gravity This theory changed how people understand the universe, and it became the base of modern physics. Great ideas in different fields The discovery of penicillin （青霉素的发现） Alexander Fleming（亚历山大・弗莱明） Great people with great ideas Influences of great ideas Where great ideas come from Discovered penicillin, which saved millions of lives Penicillin was discovered by accident when Fleming forgot to clean his lab dish Great ideas in different fields The principle of buoyancy（阿基米德浮力原理） Archimedes（阿基米德） Great people with great ideas Influences of great ideas Where great ideas come from Daily problems and observations：Archimedes noticed water overflow when he took a bath Archimedes’ principle helped build better ships and submarines Great ideas in different fields The invention of the light bulb （电灯泡的发明） Thomas Edison Great people with great ideas Influences of great ideas Where great ideas come from Hard work and experiments：Edison tried over 1,000 materials before making a working light bulb The light bulb changed how people live and work after dark Great people with great ideas Tim Berners-Lee（蒂姆・伯纳斯-李） Influences of great ideas The Internet changed how people communicate, learn, work and share information. Where great ideas come from Cooperation and problem-solving: Scientists worked together to build a global network for sharing data. The invention of the Internet (互联网的发明） 1. Where do great ideas come from? Great ideas often come from careful observation, curiosity, human needs, hard work, or even accidents. Archimedes got the idea of buoyancy when he noticed water overflowing in his bath. Newton’s idea of gravity came from his curiosity about why apples fall to the ground. Penicillin was discovered by accident when Fleming forgot to clean his lab dish. Let’s discuss 2. What do great ideas bring about? Great ideas bring new inventions, better ways of living, progress in science and technology, and solutions to problems. The light bulb brought light to people’s nights and changed how we work and live. Penicillin saved millions of lives and made many serious diseases treatable. Let’s discuss 3. Why do we need new ideas? We need new ideas to solve new problems, improve our lives, and keep the world moving forward. New ideas in technology make communication faster and easier. New ideas in medicine help us fight new diseases and keep people healthy. Let’s discuss 4. How have great ideas influenced our lives? Great ideas have changed almost every part of our lives: They make our work more efficient (e.g., computers and the Internet). They make travel faster and safer (e.g., cars, trains, planes). They help us live longer and healthier lives (e.g., new medicines and medical tools). They let us connect with people all over the world easily (e.g., phones and social media) Let’s discuss 学习理解 02 14 Where do great ideas come from? Think Before you read 1 Complete a mini-quiz about Archimedes. (1) Who was Archimedes?(You may choose more than one answer.) a a physicist b a painter c a mathematician (2)Where was Archimedes born? a Pisa, an Italian city c Syracuse, an ancient Greek city b Cairo, an Egyptian city (3)Which of the quotes below is from Archimedes? a Give me but one firm spot on which to stand, and I will move the Earth. b You can't step twice into the same river. c I know nothing except the fact of my ignorance. 人不能两次踏入同一条河流。(赫拉克利特。寓意万物都在不断运动、变化。) 我唯一知道的，就是我一无所知。(苏格拉底。表达谦逊求知的人生态度。) You have learnt Archimedes‘ principle（阿基米德原理）in your physics class. Look at the pictures and discuss the question below. What are the applications of Archimedes’ principle in daily life? Sure. Ship designers use Archimedes’ principle to make sure their ships float on water. What are the applications of Archimedes’ principle in daily life? Can you give an example? Read the story and find out what problem Archimedes wanted to solve, and how the problem was solved. Archimedes and the golden crown One day in the ancient Greek city of Syracuse, King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a fancy golden crown. At first, he was very satisfied with it. “It's a nice crown, isn't it?” he asked his son, the prince. Later, however, he began to doubt whether it was a real golden crown. "Is it made completely of gold?“ he wondered. He sent it to Archimedes and asked him to find out the truth. "This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?“ thought Archimedes. Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water. When he got into the bath, some water ran over. "Eureka! That's it!” shouted Archimedes. "I know how to solve the king's problem!” Archimedes went straight to the palace to see the king. First, he weighed the crown and asked the king for some gold of the same weight. Next, he put two pots into two big bowls and filled both pots with water. He put the gold into one pot, and some water ran into the bowl. Then he put the crown into the other pot. This time, even more water ran into the bowl. "Look at this,“ said Archimedes to King Hiero. “A crown made completely of gold displaces less water than a crown made of gold and another metal. This crown displaced more water than gold of the same weight, so I know it's definitely not completely made of gold.” "The crown maker fooled me, didn't he? What a bad man he is!” shouted King Hiero. He then sent the crown maker to prison, and he praised Archimedes for his clever discovery. 1 These pictures show the story on page 21.Put the pictures in the correct order(1-8). 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 True or False 1. King Hiero doubted the crown’s material after showing it to his son. 2. Archimedes figured out the solution to the problem before he took a bath. 3. Archimedes prepared two bowls and two empty pots to do the experiment. 4. The mixed-metal crown took up more space than the same-weight pure gold. 5. The crown maker added other metal to the crown to make it lighter. 6. The king punished the dishonest craftsman and admired Archimedes’ wisdom finally. 2 Read the story again and answer the questions below. (1)Why did King Hiero send the crown to Archimedes? Because he doubted if the crown was made completely of gold and wanted Archimedes to find out the truth. however, he began to doubt whether it was a real golden crown. "Is it made completely of gold?“ he wondered. He sent it to Archimedes and asked him to find out the truth. (2)What happened when Archimedes got into the bath? Some water ran over from the bath. When he got into the bath, some water ran over. (3)How did Archimedes discover that the crown was not made completely of gold? He compared the crown with pure gold of the same weight. The crown displaced more water than the gold, so he knew it was not pure gold. Look at this,“ said Archimedes to King Hiero. “A crown made completely of gold displaces less water than a crown made of gold and another metal. This crown displaced more water than gold of the same weight, so I know it's definitely not completely made of gold.” (4)Why was Archimedes able to make this discovery? He was good at thinking and observing, and could get inspiration and ways to solve problems from daily life. 5.What is the main idea of the story? And what can we learn from the story？ The story mainly tells us that Archimedes found out the king's golden crown was not made of pure gold. He got useful inspiration when bathing and used the water displacement method to prove the truth. From the story, we learn that we should keep thinking and observing carefully. We can find good ways to solve problems from small things in daily life. ... ... Your ideas Do you know of any otherwise people like Archimedes? What problem did he/she solve? How did he/she solve it? Isaac Newton Isaac Newton was a great British scientist.He wondered why objects always fell down to the ground. When he saw an apple fall from a tree, he got inspiration. He studied it carefully and found the law of gravity. Lu Ban was a great ancient craftsman. People had trouble cutting wood easily and quickly long ago. He observed leaves with sharp teeth and invented the saw. He got ideas from nature and created many useful tools. 应用实践 03 31 Below are some sentences from the story on page 21.Choose the correct meaning for the words and phrases in italics. Vocabulary practice (1)King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a fancy golden crown. a simple b expensive c highly decorated (2)Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water. a pushed…over b made....full of c cleaned...with (3)Archimedes went straight to the palace to see the king. a rode slowly to b ran quickly to c walked directly to (4)A crown made completely of gold displaces less water ... a has no place for b pushes away c needs no place (5)The crown maker fooled me, didn't he? a promised b tricked c beat 2 Complete the story with the word and the phrases below. Change the form if necessary. fill...with fool go straight satisfied with One day, two women came to King Solomon with a baby boy. Each of the women said the boy was hers. No one knew which woman was telling the truth. King Solomon wondered if there was a way to find out. "I have to be careful. I, too, can be(1)____________by a clever liar,” he thought. Then he had an idea. He ordered a soldier to cut the boy in half and divide the boy between the two women. The first woman seemed to be (2)________________ that. She said, “Go ahead. That sounds fair!“ However, the second woman rushed to stop the soldier, fooled satisfied with "No! Don’t kill him! Let the other woman have him.” King Solomon stopped the soldier. “Give the boy to the second woman,“ he said.“ She is definitely his real mother." When the woman heard the king's words, her heart was (3)____________ relief. She happily took the baby and (4) ______________back home. The other one was sent to prison. Everyone praised King Solomon for his wisdom. filled with went straight 翻译短语 1.be satisfied with 2.be made of 3.find out the truth 4. think about 5.fill…with 6.ran over 7.go straight to 8.put into 9. send…to prison 10.praise…for 对…感到满意 由…制成 查明真相 思考，考虑 用…装满 溢出；漫出 径直前往 把…放入 把…关进监狱 因…称赞 迁移创新 04 37 3 Summarize how Archimedes found out the truth. Use the words and phrases below. bath bowl crown displace metal fill... with gold of the same weight run over Archimedes got inspiration when water ran over as he took a bath. He filled two pots with water and put them into bowls. First he placed gold of the same weight as the crown into one pot, and some water ran over. Then he put the crown into the other pot. It displaced more water than the pure gold, so he proved the crown was mixed with other metal. 考点速递 05 39 1.Give me but one firm spot on which to stand, and I will move the Earth. 给我一个支点，我就能撬动地球。 firm 一、形容词 结实的；坚固的；稳固的；扎实的（指物体质地硬、不易变形） 坚定的；坚决的（指态度、立场、信念不动摇） 二、动词 (v.)使坚定；使稳固；紧握 三、名词 (n.)公司；商号（中考高频词义） This chair is very firm. It won't break easily. 这把椅子十分坚固，不容易坏掉。 She has a firm belief in her dream. 她对自己的梦想有着坚定的信念。 ▶ 名词用法（公司） My father works in a big trading firm. 我爸爸在一家大型贸易公司工作。 ▶ 动词用法（紧握；使坚定） He firmed his hold on the rope. 他紧紧抓住绳子。 ▶ 副词 firmly（拓展考点） He stood firmly and never gave up. 他立场坚定，从不放弃。 四、中考常考固定搭配 firm belief 坚定的信念 firm voice 沉稳 / 坚定的声音 stand firm 立场坚定；不肯退让 2.King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a fancy golden crown. 希罗国王让一位王冠工匠为他打造一顶精美的金王冠。 1.形容词 (adj.) 精致的；花哨的；昂贵的，奇特的 2. 动词 (v.) 想要；喜欢，想象；设想 例句：She wore a fancy dress to join the party. 她穿着一条精致的连衣裙去参加派对。 We don't need such fancy gifts for our daily life. 日常生活中我们不需要这么贵重花哨的礼物。 fancy doing sth. 想要做某事（中考核心搭配） Do you fancy watching a movie with me this evening? 今晚你想和我一起看电影吗？ 3.At first, he was very satisfied with it. 起初，他对这顶王冠十分满意。 一、基本用法 satisfy 使满意；满足 satisfied （人）感到满意的 satisfying （事物）令人满意的 satisfy sb. 使某人满意 The delicious food satisfied all the guests. 美味的食物让所有客人都感到满意。 2.satisfy one's needs/dreams 满足某人的需求 / 梦想 二、常用搭配 be satisfied with 固定词组（中考核心） 对…… 感到满意 I am satisfied with my new school life. 我对我的新校园生活很满意。 三、同义单词 & 同义词组（中考常考替换） be pleased with 对…… 感到满意（最常用同义替换） be happy with 对…… 满意 / 称心 4.“This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?“ thought Archimedes. 阿基米德心想：这个问题似乎很难解决，我该怎么办？ seem 似乎；好像；仿佛 1. seem + 形容词 看起来…… The task seems easy for him. 这项任务对他来说似乎很简单。 2. seem + 名词 好像是…… She seems a kind girl. 她看上去是个善良的女孩。 3. seem to do sth. （中考高频） 好像 / 似乎做某事 They seem to know the truth. 他们好像知道真相。 4. It seems + that 从句 看来；似乎……（it 作形式主语） It seems that it will rain soon. 看来很快就要下雨了。 5. seem like + 名词 仿佛；好像…… It seems like a good plan. 这看起来像是个不错的计划。 5.Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water 阿基米德往浴缸里放水时，还在思索这个难题。 一、fill 动词 (v.) 填满；装满 fill...with... （主动）用…… 把…… 装满（中考必考搭配） She filled her bag with books before going to school. 上学前，她把书装进了书包。 二、be filled with （被动短语） 被…… 填满；充满…… The room is filled with fresh flowers. 这个房间里摆满了鲜花。 三、be full of （同义短语，中考高频）充满……（状态表达） The basket is full of apples. 篮子里装满了苹果。 四、重点辨析（必考点） fill...with... 强调动作（去装满） be filled with / be full of 强调状态（装好了、满满的） 两者可互换： The box is filled with toys. = The box is full of toys. 这个箱子里装满了玩具。 6.A crown made completely of gold displaces less water than a crown made of gold and another metal. 纯金打造的王冠，比掺了其他金属的王冠排开的水量更少。 displace 排开 取代；替代 The golden crown displaces less water than the mixed-metal one. 纯金王冠排开的水量比掺了其他金属的王冠要少。 New machines have displaced some workers in the factory. 新机器在工厂里取代了一部分人工。 take the place of 取代；代替 Smart phones will not take the place of books entirely. 智能手机不会完全取代书籍。 take one's place （词组，侧重接替某人位置） No one can take his place in our team. 在我们团队里，没人能取代他。 displace / replace / take the place of三者作谓语动词，含义基本一致，displace 书面化，中考写作优先用 replace / take the place of。 7.The crown maker fooled me, didn't he? 这个工匠欺骗了我，是吧？ 这是一个反意疑问句。 其原则是：如果前面的陈述部分是肯定句，后面的简短问句就用否定式；如果前面的陈述部分是否定句，后面的简短问句就用肯定式；前后时态要一致。例如： 这个小男孩每天很早去上学，对吗？ The little boy goes to school very early every day, doesn’t he? 你爸爸对集邮不感兴趣，是吗？ Your father isn’t interested in collecting stamps, is he? 8.He then sent the crown maker to prison, and he praised Archimedes for his clever discovery. 随后他将工匠关进监狱，并称赞阿基米德这一巧妙的发现。 send ... to prison 把…… 关进监狱；判…… 入狱 The king sent the crown maker to prison.国王把造王冠的工匠关进了监狱。 send sb. to the prison 送某人去监狱（单纯前往监狱地点，不一定是服刑）I will send my uncle to the prison to visit his friend. put ... in prison 把…… 关进监狱（最常用同义替换） They put the thief in prison.= They sent the thief to prison. 他们把小偷关进了监狱。 throw ... into prison 把…… 投入监狱（语气更强） praise 一、作动词 (v.) 表扬，赞扬 1. praise sb. 表扬某人 The teacher praised me for my progress. 老师因为我的进步表扬了我。 2. 核心搭配：praise sb. for sth. 因某事表扬某人 Everyone praised her for helping the old man.大家都因她帮助老人而称赞她。 二、作名词 (n.) 赞扬，称赞 1. win/get praise 获得赞扬 He got high praise from all the students. 他得到了全体学生的高度赞扬。 2. 常用短语：in praise of 歌颂；赞扬 Many poems are written in praise of hard-working people. 许多诗歌都是用来赞美勤劳的人们的。 三、同义替换（中考写作可用） speak highly of 高度评价、称赞 We all speak highly of his good manners. 我们都称赞他有礼貌。 回顾总结 06 50 1.学习本章节出现的单词和短语。 2.阅读具有伟大思想的名人的一些事迹，了解这些伟大思想如何产生，对世界产的影响，及我们要从这些伟人中要学习的品质。 课堂小练 07 52 一、根据首字母写出单词。 1.There are many f______ decorations in the big hall. 2. As the king's son, the p______ must learn to take care of the country. 3. Honest people never try to f______ others for their own benefit. 4. The man who broke the law was sent to p______ at last. 5. There is no d______ that reading can open our eyes. 6. It s______ that everyone is happy with the new plan. 7. After class, he went s______ to the playground to play sports. 8. All the neighbors p______ the boy for helping the old man. 9. The worker will w______ each bag of rice before selling it. 10. Remember to f______ your bottle with water before going hiking. fancy prince fool prison doubt seem straight praise weigh fill 二、用词的适当形式填空。 1.The _______ final result made all the teachers and students feel quite _______. (satisfy) 2. The box full of gold coins looks beautiful under the ______ light.(gold) 3. It took me hours to______ the work, and I was ________ tired out.(complete) 4. It is ______ that he has found out the ________ at last. (true) 5. The plan seems easy, but it seems_______ (bring) us many new problems. 6. Scientists discover new things every year, and each great ________ changes our world.(discover) 7. Please ______ the box and tell me its exact _______.（weigh） 8. He has a _______ belief and always holds on to it ________.(firm) 9. Don't fool others, and it's also ______ to cheat your friends.(fool) 10. She will _________by her teacher for her excellent homework.(praise) satisfying satisfied golden complete completely true truth to bring discovery weigh weight firm firmly foolish be praised 三、完成句子 1.经过努力，他终于查明了真相，所有人都对此结果感到满意。 After his hard work, he finally_____ ____ ____ ______and everyone _____ _____ _______ the result. 2.这张桌子是木头制成的，而这种纸张是木头制成的。 This desk____ ____ ____wood, and this kind of paper ___ ___ ____ wood. 3.他把瓶子装满水，然后径直走向教室。 He ______ the bottle ______water and then ____ ____ _____ the classroom. 4.大家都因他的善良而称赞他，不是吗？ Everyone____ ____ _____his kindness, ____ ______? 5.他欺骗了很多人，最后被送进了监狱。 He ______ many people and ______ ______ ______ ______. found out the truth was satisfied with is made of is made from filled with went straight to praises him for don't they fooled was sent to prison Archimedes is one of the most famous scientists, mathematicians and inventors in ancient Greece. He lived in the city of Syracuse and was admired by people around him for his great 1._______(wise)and sharp mind. The story of the golden crown is widely known. King Hiero once ordered a crown maker to make a fancy golden crown. At first, the king was 2.______(satisfy)with its look, 3._____ he soon doubted whether it was completely made of real gold. He asked Archimedes to find out the 4._____(true). The problem seemed hard 5._____ (solve) at first. One day, when Archimedes filled his bath with water and stepped into it, lots of water ran over. He suddenly got 6._____ wonderful idea. He did many careful experiments and finally proved the crown was mixed with other metals. The crown maker fooled the king and 7.________(send) to prison. Besides this great 8.______(discover), Archimedes achieved a lot in different fields. He put forward many important 9.______ (theory) and invented many useful tools. His works have greatly influenced the development of science. Even today, thousands of years later, people still respect him. He teaches us to observe life carefully and think 10.______(brave). wisdom to solve was sent theories bravely discovery satisfied truth but a Thank you！ 57 $