Unit 2 单元检测（沈阳专用）2026-2027学年九年级英语上册单元高效复习必备（新教材沪教版）

**基本信息** 本试卷以“Unit 2 Great ideas”为主题，通过历史人物（如孔子、李冰）、科学发现（达尔文进化论、PCR技术）及自我成长等素材，融合阅读理解、完形填空等题型，考查语言能力与文化意识，适配初中英语单元复习。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|20题/40分|历史人物事迹、科学发现历程、自我探索方法|以孔子“三人行必有我师”等文化素材及达尔文、Kary Mullis案例，考查细节理解与推理，体现文化传承与科学思维| |完形填空|10题/10分|生活哲理词汇与语法|通过“咖啡杯与生活”隐喻，考查上下文理解，渗透价值观教育| |语篇填空|10题/10分|贝多芬生平及动词时态、代词等语法|以人物传记形式，综合考查词汇运用与语法规则| |任务型阅读|4题/5分|爱迪生发明经历|结合细节提取与开放问答，培养信息整合与表达能力| |书面表达|1题/15分|爱迪生发明电灯过程|要求整合问题、创意、影响，考查逻辑连贯与语言输出能力|

Unit 2 Great ideas 单元检测 (沈阳专用) 温馨提示： 本试卷共分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，第Ⅰ卷为选择题；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题；满分为90分，考试时间为90分钟。 第一部分选择题（共50分） 一、阅读理解（分二节，共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分） 第一节：阅读下列短文，然后根据其内容从A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。 AIn ancient China, there were many shining names in the river of the history. Here are some great characters of that time. Confucius was a great educator and good at learning. Once Confucius and his students were on their way, a little boy suddenly stopped in their way and asked the master to go around the “city” that he made with bricks and stones. Confucius thought this boy was so smart and didn’t treat the “city” as a toy. The Master said, “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.” Li Bing was an expert in water projects. He set up many water projects. Dujiangyan is the most famous. It made water helpful to the people. Zhang Qian was born in Chenggu of Western Han Dynasty. He was an outstanding envoy and explorer in Chinese history, bringing much useful information about the west and opening up the ancient Silk Road, an important trade route connecting the east and the west. As a famous Tang Dynasty poet, Du Fu wrote over one thousand and five hundred poems. Most of them described the common people’s sufferings and sorrows during the terrible years of the Tang Dynasty, expressing his profound worry and deep love for his country and the people. Li Shizhen was born in 1518. He found many old medicine books full of mistakes. So he did his best to study medical science not only in his own garden, but also in the wild. He learned a lot from the working people. At last, he completed his great work Ben Cao Gang Mu, one of the greatest contributions to the medical science of the world. 1. Why is Confucius a great educator? A. Because he understood the boy and gave way to the “city”. B. Because he traveled with his students from state to state. C. Because he likes learning and had wise thoughts about education. D. Because he was smarter than others and read many books. 2. What did Li Bing do to help the people? A. He brought much useful information from the west. B. He set up many water projects. C. He travelled and wrote many famous poems. D. He helped many sick people in the village. 3. Zhang Qian ________. A. opened up the ancient Silk Road B. liked travelling to the west C. was an outstanding writer D. was born in East Han Dynasty 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the article? A. The people are all great poets and have their own works. B. Du Fu is not only a great poet but also a super captain. C. Li Shizhen didn’t write any work. D. The people mentioned are all cared for the people. B In ancient China, there was a wise teacher named Confucius. Among his many students, one was named Zengzi, who was known for his deep respect and good manners. One day, Confucius was sitting in his room, teaching several students. Zengzi was sitting on his mat (席子), listening carefully to his teacher’s words. As Confucius spoke, he shared an important lesson about virtue and respect. Then he said, “A truly wise person always shows respect to those who are older and wiser.” Hearing this, Zengzi suddenly stood up from his mat. He moved aside and bowed deeply to Confucius. The other students looked at him in surprise. They did not understand why he had left his seat. Confucius smiled and asked, “Zengzi, why did you rise from your mat?” Zengzi replied respectfully, “My teacher, you were speaking about respect. How could I sit comfortably on my mat while hearing such an important lesson? I must show my respect to you and to the wisdom you share.” Confucius nodded with satisfaction. He said to the other students, “You see? This is what true respect looks like. Zengzi understands that learning is not just about listening with your ears. It is about showing respect with your whole heart.” From that day on, the other students learned from Zengzi’s example. They understood that a person who truly respects knowledge will always show it through their actions. 5. Where did the story take place? A. In a school hall. B. In a garden. C. In Confucius’s room. D. In Zengzi’s room. 6. According to Confucius, what does a truly wise person always do? A. He always listens carefully. B. He always asks questions in class. C. He always sits on a mat when learning. D. He always shows respect to those older and wiser. 7. Why did Zengzi suddenly stand up from his mat? A. He felt tired and wanted to move his legs. B. He wanted to ask Confucius a question. C. He was surprised by what Confucius said. D. He wanted to show his respect after hearing about respect. 8. What lesson can we learn from the story of Zengzi? A. Learning is only about listening carefully. B. True respect is shown through actions, not just words. C. Older people should always be obeyed without question. D. Students should never leave their seats during a lesson. C When we think about scientific achievement, geniuses like Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton always come to mind. These people are often obsessed by their subjects of interest, choosing their fields of specialty at an early age. But is this always the case? In fact, many of the most important discoveries come from a different kind of mind. Charles Darwin was an aspiring geologist when he sailed to observe faraway lands. He had little knowledge in biology but through his travels, keen observations and great curiosity, he developed the theory of evolution by natural selection. Another such great discovery was the invention of PCR (聚合酶链反应), which is essential for certain kinds of genetic research. Its inventor, Kary Mullis, barely (勉强地) earned a Ph.D in biochemistry. His time was spent writing fiction and running a bakery until a friend found him a job in biotechnology, where his great idea for PCR was born. Darwin and Mullis were both natural explorers. Darwin did poorly in school but was always curious about the animals and plants. As a child, Mullis was more interested in the spiders in his grandparents’ basement than anything else. It may not be surprising that these creative minds developed through play and exploration. Many educators argue that the classic model of education, in which teachers lecture and students memorize, is misguided. Most children are born with the drive to play and explore, which helps develop important skills. Probably the thinking skills Darwin and Mullis got were developed through this kind of play and exploration. So, what are schools supposed to do today? They should allow our children to step out of the classroom, and encourage them to play and try new things. As Ni Minjing, head of the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, once said, “Every piece of soil, every flower and every clear night sky is a playground for scientific curiosity.” 9. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. To lead in the topic. B. To explain the purpose. C. To attract the readers’ attention. D. To give background information. 10. What is the main contrast (差异) between “Einstein and Newton” and “Darwin and Mullis”? A. The former group was more focused on formal education. B. The latter group had a more non-traditional path to discovery. C. The latter group started their fields of specialty at an early age. D. The former group was more successful in scientific achievements. 11. Which of the following shows the structure of the text? A. B. C. D. 12. Which is the best title of the text? A. The Focused Early Years of Geniuses B. The Success of Non-traditional Teaching C. Unexpected Geniuses: The Power of Curiosity D. Beyond the Classroom: The Importance of Play D In science, new discoveries happen every day, but real breakthroughs (突破) are rare. What leads to these world-changing moments? Interestingly, some breakthroughs often begin by accident, mixed with a bit of curiosity. Scientists may start down one path, only to find a reason to switch to another they never expected—a path that might lead to nowhere. Yet, sometimes, that very path leads to great discoveries like X-rays and vaccines (疫苗). Sometimes, scientists get a “crazy” idea they can’t stop thinking about. They discuss it with experienced colleagues, who often point out the potential for failure and the risk to their careers. However, the idea stays with them, and they feel forced to follow it, even if it leads to failure. Some scientists become deeply attached to these unusual ideas. However, scientists pursuing breakthroughs often face challenges. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin largely by luck, but his finding was initially met with disinterest. Katalin Karikó, whose work made mRNA vaccines possible, faced years of doubt and refusal before her determination paid off. By following their dreams, they achieved recognition (认可) and something even greater. The stories of Fleming and Karikó had happy endings, but they are exceptions. Of course, pursuing such a dream with obsession, a single-minded focus on an unlikely goal, fails to pay off for many. Their brilliant ideas are sometimes proven wrong by nature’s harsh facts. For some on the right path, they might have succeeded— if only they had designed the experiment differently, persisted longer, or not lost support. Thus, scientific breakthroughs require a society willing to invest (投资) in dreamers, understanding that not every investment will succeed. However, the investments that do lead to breakthroughs provide great economic returns. More importantly, they can prevent suffering, save lives, and ultimately change the world. 13. The writer mentioned the examples of Alexander Fleming and Katalin Karikó to ________. A. compare the different fields of medical science B. tell us how these scientists achieved recognition C. show the challenges scientists may face before success D. prove the importance of luck in pursuing breakthroughs 14. The underlined word “obsession” in Paragraph 5 probably means “________”. A. A fixed and strange idea. B. A usual and daily habit. C. A sudden and clear understanding. D. A strong and lasting interest. 15. What can we learn from the passage? A. Scientific research always follows a clear and straight path. B. A scientist’s crazy idea is usually supported by their colleagues. C. Many brilliant ideas fail because nature acts in unexpected ways. D. Investments in scientific dreamers are sure to bring economic returns. 16. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. The Predictable Path to Scientific Success B. What Drives Great Scientific Breakthroughs C. What Qualities Characterize a Great Scientist D. Supporting Dreamers is Key to Scientific Progress 第二节：阅读短文，从文后所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一个多余选项。 阅读短文及文后选项，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The Journey of Self-Discovery People make long journeys to different countries. Some even make their way to space. However, the biggest journey is the self-discovery journey. How can you start the journey of self-discovery? Here are some tips for you. Find out your most valuable ability. You may have different kinds of abilities. It could be about your ability to create, your ability to understand others or your skills at football. But which of them are you proud of? 17 This will help you know yourself better. Know what makes you excited. 18 It could be when you are performing a dance on stage, when you help your dad fix his computer or even when you are doing research on your school science project. Get out of your comfort zone (舒适区). It is always comfortable to stay in your familiar area. However, in order to discover yourself, you need to put yourself in some uncomfortable situations. 19 For example, you can try difficult rock climbing. This will give you a chance to learn more about how you feel, think and react when the challenge comes. Spend your time in a new environment. It is also a powerful way to discover things about yourself. When you are in a different place where people share different thoughts, you may have a chance to rethink about what you always believe. People may want to finish the journey as soon as possible. 20 As you go through life, many experiences can change you, and this helps you grow. The journey to self-discovery is life’s greatest adventure. A. You need to find out the answer. B. Discover and share different cultures. C. Do some outdoor activities you are afraid of. D. This will tell you where you can get your own joy. E. In fact, the self-discovery journey is a life-long task. 二、完形填空（10分） A group of university graduates visited their old professor. During their visit, the conversation turned to work. The graduates were 21 about their problems and stress in work and in life. After putting a pot of coffee on the table, the professor went to the kitchen and came back with a tray, crowded with many 22 cups: porcelain, glass, plastic and crystal. Some cups were simple, other ones were expensive. The professor asked them to pick out their cups first. When the graduates picked out their favorite cups, the professor 23 , “Notice how all the beautiful cups were picked out and the simple and cheap ones were left.” “Wanting only the best things for yourself 24 your problems and stress. You need to understand that the cup doesn’t make the coffee better. 25 , all that you wanted was the coffee, not the cup.” But you consciously 26   the best cups, and then looked to see what cups others picked. “Your 27 is the coffee. Your job, money, position in society...they are the cups. The type of cup doesn’t decide the quality of life. Sometimes, by focusing only on the cups, we forget to 28 the coffee. The 29 people are not those who have the best things, but those who enjoy life and make the most of what they have” Hearing this, the graduates were speechless. They had learned another important life lesson from their old professor-that true happiness means enjoying life and not worrying about 30 things. 21. A. thinking B. complaining C. learning D. worrying 22. A. different B. expensive C. cheap D. simple 23. A. shouted B. reported C. answered D. explained 24. A. cares for B. gets to C. leads to D. asks for 25. A. Luckily B. Finally C. Honestly D. Actually 26. A. bought B. chose C. brought D. decided 27. A. purpose B. life C. work D. study 28. A. buy B. understand C. drink D. taste 29. A. simplest B. happiest C. richest D. luckiest 30. A. unknown B. unusual C. unimportant D. unlucky 第二部分非选择题（共40分） 三、语篇填空（共10小题，每小题1分；满分10分） 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Beethoven was one of the greatest composers of all time. He was born in 1770 in Germany, and at 31 age of four, his father began to teach him to play the piano. In 1787, Beethoven visited Vienna, Austria. There, he played for the famous 32 (music) Wolfgang Mozart. When his mother became seriously ill, Beethoven returned home. After her 33 (die), Beethoven took care of his two younger brothers because his father couldn’t. He became friends with a kind family of educated people and with 34 (they) help, he moved to Vienna in 1792 35 (study) with the famous composer Joseph Haydn and lived there the rest of his life. Beethoven played the music which 36 (write) by other people and became famous 37 a performer, but he also liked to compose his own music. While composing, he played his songs on the piano to hear how they sounded. He would rewrite his music over and over 38 he was pleased with it. Around 1798, Beethoven began to lose his hearing. At first, he had difficulty 39 (hear) people talk. Later he couldn’t hear his own music. By 1820, he was totally deaf. Although he couldn’t hear, he kept playing and composing music. Beethoven composed some of his greatest pieces of music when he was 40 (complete) deaf, including “the Ninth Symphony”. 四、任务型阅读 Thomas Edison made more than 1,000 inventions in his life. Many of his inventions have changed the world. His first invention was a vote recorder (投票记录器) in 1869. The machine allowed people to place a vote by pressing a button. They didn’t need to say yes or no. However, American government officials did not like Edison's invention because they preferred to call out their votes. Edison learned that he would never again invent anything people did not want. Edison started a company with his friend, Franklin Pope. They made fire and burglar (盗窃) alarms. At this company, Edison was busy from early in the morning until late at night. He often said, “There’s no substitute (替代品) for hard work.” He invented a telegraph to print the price of gold and silver. He sold it to the West Union Company for $15,000. With some of this money Edison started his own company in 1868. Next he invented a stock ticker (证券报价机). This was a machine that recorded the price of stocks in New York. The West Union Company paid Edison $40,000 for this invention. Edison used the money to open a shop in Newark in the state of New Jersey. There he met a young woman, Mary Stilwell. Edison and Mary got married on Christmas Day in 1871. They had three children. In 1875, with his wife and young family, Edison moved to Menlo Park in the same state. There he built his own laboratory. In the laboratory were tables, science books, instruments and bottles of chemicals. His first success at Menlo Park was an improvement (改进) on the telephone that Alexander Graham Bell had just invented. 41. What did Edison learn from his first invention? 42. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? 43. Who moved to Menlo with Edison? 44. Do you dream of being an inventor? Why (not)? 第五节、书面表达（15分） 假设你是学校英语校刊的编辑，请你根据以下提示，写一篇短文介绍爱迪生发明电灯的故事。 提示： · 问题：夜晚只能用蜡烛照明，很不安全。 · 人物：爱迪生 · 创意：用电来制造稳定耐用的灯泡。 · 影响：为人类带来了光明，改变了整个世界。 要求： · 包括以上所有信息，适当发挥。 · 80-100词。 · 句式丰富，逻辑连贯。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Great ideas 单元检测 (沈阳专用) 温馨提示： 本试卷共分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，第Ⅰ卷为选择题；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题；满分为90分，考试时间为90分钟。 第一部分选择题（共50分） 一、阅读理解（分二节，共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分） 第一节：阅读下列短文，然后根据其内容从A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。 A In ancient China, there were many shining names in the river of the history. Here are some great characters of that time. Confucius was a great educator and good at learning. Once Confucius and his students were on their way, a little boy suddenly stopped in their way and asked the master to go around the “city” that he made with bricks and stones. Confucius thought this boy was so smart and didn’t treat the “city” as a toy. The Master said, “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.” Li Bing was an expert in water projects. He set up many water projects. Dujiangyan is the most famous. It made water helpful to the people. Zhang Qian was born in Chenggu of Western Han Dynasty. He was an outstanding envoy and explorer in Chinese history, bringing much useful information about the west and opening up the ancient Silk Road, an important trade route connecting the east and the west. As a famous Tang Dynasty poet, Du Fu wrote over one thousand and five hundred poems. Most of them described the common people’s sufferings and sorrows during the terrible years of the Tang Dynasty, expressing his profound worry and deep love for his country and the people. Li Shizhen was born in 1518. He found many old medicine books full of mistakes. So he did his best to study medical science not only in his own garden, but also in the wild. He learned a lot from the working people. At last, he completed his great work Ben Cao Gang Mu, one of the greatest contributions to the medical science of the world. 1. Why is Confucius a great educator? A. Because he understood the boy and gave way to the “city”. B. Because he traveled with his students from state to state. C. Because he likes learning and had wise thoughts about education. D. Because he was smarter than others and read many books. 2. What did Li Bing do to help the people? A. He brought much useful information from the west. B. He set up many water projects. C. He travelled and wrote many famous poems. D. He helped many sick people in the village. 3. Zhang Qian ________. A. opened up the ancient Silk Road B. liked travelling to the west C. was an outstanding writer D. was born in East Han Dynasty 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the article? A. The people are all great poets and have their own works. B. Du Fu is not only a great poet but also a super captain. C. Li Shizhen didn’t write any work. D. The people mentioned are all cared for the people. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了中国古代几位杰出人物，包括孔子、李冰、张骞、杜甫和李时珍，强调了他们各自在教育、水利、探索、诗歌和医药方面的重要贡献，也彰显了他们关心百姓、造福于民的精神。 1. 细节理解题。根据文中对孔子的描述可知，他善于学习并有有关教育的睿智思想。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据“He set up many water projects. Dujiangyan is the most famous. It made water helpful to the people”可知，李冰最著名的事迹就是修建都江堰等水利工程，给百姓带来福祉。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据“He was an outstanding envoy and explorer in Chinese history, bringing much useful information about the west and opening up the ancient Silk Road, an important trade route connecting the east and the west.”可知，张骞开辟了丝绸之路，带回了西方的许多有用信息。故选A。 4. 细节理解题。通读全文可见，这几位人物都对人民生活抱有极大关切，并且通过各自的成就对社会作出重大贡献。故选D。 B In ancient China, there was a wise teacher named Confucius. Among his many students, one was named Zengzi, who was known for his deep respect and good manners. One day, Confucius was sitting in his room, teaching several students. Zengzi was sitting on his mat (席子), listening carefully to his teacher’s words. As Confucius spoke, he shared an important lesson about virtue and respect. Then he said, “A truly wise person always shows respect to those who are older and wiser.” Hearing this, Zengzi suddenly stood up from his mat. He moved aside and bowed deeply to Confucius. The other students looked at him in surprise. They did not understand why he had left his seat. Confucius smiled and asked, “Zengzi, why did you rise from your mat?” Zengzi replied respectfully, “My teacher, you were speaking about respect. How could I sit comfortably on my mat while hearing such an important lesson? I must show my respect to you and to the wisdom you share.” Confucius nodded with satisfaction. He said to the other students, “You see? This is what true respect looks like. Zengzi understands that learning is not just about listening with your ears. It is about showing respect with your whole heart.” From that day on, the other students learned from Zengzi’s example. They understood that a person who truly respects knowledge will always show it through their actions. 5. Where did the story take place? A. In a school hall. B. In a garden. C. In Confucius’s room. D. In Zengzi’s room. 6. According to Confucius, what does a truly wise person always do? A. He always listens carefully. B. He always asks questions in class. C. He always sits on a mat when learning. D. He always shows respect to those older and wiser. 7. Why did Zengzi suddenly stand up from his mat? A. He felt tired and wanted to move his legs. B. He wanted to ask Confucius a question. C. He was surprised by what Confucius said. D. He wanted to show his respect after hearing about respect. 8. What lesson can we learn from the story of Zengzi? A. Learning is only about listening carefully. B. True respect is shown through actions, not just words. C. Older people should always be obeyed without question. D. Students should never leave their seats during a lesson. 【答案】5. C 6. D 7. D 8. B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了曾子在听孔子讲学论及尊重时起身行礼，用行动诠释真正的尊重，让其他学生领悟到尊重需践行于言行的故事。 5. 第二段提到“One day, Confucius was sitting in his room, teaching several students.”，故事发生在孔子的房间里。 6. 第三段提到“A truly wise person always shows respect to those who are older and wiser.”，真正智慧的人会尊重年长且更有智慧的人。 7. 第七段提到“My teacher, you were speaking about respect. How could I sit comfortably on my mat while hearing such an important lesson? I must show my respect to you and to the wisdom you share.”，可知曾子起身是为了表达对老师和智慧的尊重。 8. 第八段提到“It is about showing respect with your whole heart.”，结合最后一段“They understood that a person who truly respects knowledge will always show it through their actions.”，可知真正的尊重要通过行动体现，而非只停留在言语。 C When we think about scientific achievement, geniuses like Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton always come to mind. These people are often obsessed by their subjects of interest, choosing their fields of specialty at an early age. But is this always the case? In fact, many of the most important discoveries come from a different kind of mind. Charles Darwin was an aspiring geologist when he sailed to observe faraway lands. He had little knowledge in biology but through his travels, keen observations and great curiosity, he developed the theory of evolution by natural selection. Another such great discovery was the invention of PCR (聚合酶链反应), which is essential for certain kinds of genetic research. Its inventor, Kary Mullis, barely (勉强地) earned a Ph.D in biochemistry. His time was spent writing fiction and running a bakery until a friend found him a job in biotechnology, where his great idea for PCR was born. Darwin and Mullis were both natural explorers. Darwin did poorly in school but was always curious about the animals and plants. As a child, Mullis was more interested in the spiders in his grandparents’ basement than anything else. It may not be surprising that these creative minds developed through play and exploration. Many educators argue that the classic model of education, in which teachers lecture and students memorize, is misguided. Most children are born with the drive to play and explore, which helps develop important skills. Probably the thinking skills Darwin and Mullis got were developed through this kind of play and exploration. So, what are schools supposed to do today? They should allow our children to step out of the classroom, and encourage them to play and try new things. As Ni Minjing, head of the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, once said, “Every piece of soil, every flower and every clear night sky is a playground for scientific curiosity.” 9. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. To lead in the topic. B. To explain the purpose. C. To attract the readers’ attention. D. To give background information. 10. What is the main contrast (差异) between “Einstein and Newton” and “Darwin and Mullis”? A. The former group was more focused on formal education. B. The latter group had a more non-traditional path to discovery. C. The latter group started their fields of specialty at an early age. D. The former group was more successful in scientific achievements. 11. Which of the following shows the structure of the text? A. B. C. D. 12. Which is the best title of the text? A. The Focused Early Years of Geniuses B. The Success of Non-traditional Teaching C. Unexpected Geniuses: The Power of Curiosity D. Beyond the Classroom: The Importance of Play 【答案】9. A 10. B 11. D 12. C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，通过对比传统天才与达尔文、穆利斯的非传统科学发现路径，强调好奇心和探索精神的重要性，呼吁教育鼓励孩子玩耍与探索。 9. 推理判断题。第一段提出“科学成就是否都来自早定专业的天才”的疑问，引出下文对达尔文、穆利斯等非传统路径科学家的介绍，可知其作用是引出话题，故选A。 10. 细节理解题。根据“These people are often obsessed by their subjects of interest, choosing their fields of specialty at an early age”及“Darwin had little knowledge in biology…Mullis barely earned a Ph.D in biochemistry…his great idea for PCR was born”可知，爱因斯坦和牛顿早年确定专业领域，而达尔文和穆利斯的发现之路非传统，二者核心差异是后者的探索路径更非传统，故选B。 11. 篇章结构题。结合全文可知，文章结构为：第①段提出疑问 (天才是否都早定专业)；第②-④段举例达尔文、穆利斯的非传统发现路径及共同特质 (好奇探索)；第⑤段论证探索的重要性；第⑥段提出教育建议，即①/②③④/⑤/⑥，故选D。 12. 最佳标题题。全文通过达尔文、穆利斯的例子，强调好奇心驱动的非传统探索对科学发现的作用，所以最佳标题为“意想不到的天才：好奇心的力量”，故选C。 D In science, new discoveries happen every day, but real breakthroughs (突破) are rare. What leads to these world-changing moments? Interestingly, some breakthroughs often begin by accident, mixed with a bit of curiosity. Scientists may start down one path, only to find a reason to switch to another they never expected—a path that might lead to nowhere. Yet, sometimes, that very path leads to great discoveries like X-rays and vaccines (疫苗). Sometimes, scientists get a “crazy” idea they can’t stop thinking about. They discuss it with experienced colleagues, who often point out the potential for failure and the risk to their careers. However, the idea stays with them, and they feel forced to follow it, even if it leads to failure. Some scientists become deeply attached to these unusual ideas. However, scientists pursuing breakthroughs often face challenges. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin largely by luck, but his finding was initially met with disinterest. Katalin Karikó, whose work made mRNA vaccines possible, faced years of doubt and refusal before her determination paid off. By following their dreams, they achieved recognition (认可) and something even greater. The stories of Fleming and Karikó had happy endings, but they are exceptions. Of course, pursuing such a dream with obsession, a single-minded focus on an unlikely goal, fails to pay off for many. Their brilliant ideas are sometimes proven wrong by nature’s harsh facts. For some on the right path, they might have succeeded— if only they had designed the experiment differently, persisted longer, or not lost support. Thus, scientific breakthroughs require a society willing to invest (投资) in dreamers, understanding that not every investment will succeed. However, the investments that do lead to breakthroughs provide great economic returns. More importantly, they can prevent suffering, save lives, and ultimately change the world. 13. The writer mentioned the examples of Alexander Fleming and Katalin Karikó to ________. A. compare the different fields of medical science B. tell us how these scientists achieved recognition C. show the challenges scientists may face before success D. prove the importance of luck in pursuing breakthroughs 14. The underlined word “obsession” in Paragraph 5 probably means “________”. A. A fixed and strange idea. B. A usual and daily habit. C. A sudden and clear understanding. D. A strong and lasting interest. 15. What can we learn from the passage? A. Scientific research always follows a clear and straight path. B. A scientist’s crazy idea is usually supported by their colleagues. C. Many brilliant ideas fail because nature acts in unexpected ways. D. Investments in scientific dreamers are sure to bring economic returns. 16. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. The Predictable Path to Scientific Success B. What Drives Great Scientific Breakthroughs C. What Qualities Characterize a Great Scientist D. Supporting Dreamers is Key to Scientific Progress 【答案】13. C 14. D 15. C 16. B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了科学突破的产生原因及其背后的挑战，包括偶然发现、执着追求、社会支持等因素，并以弗莱明和卡里科为例说明科学家成功前可能面临的困难。 13. 细节理解题。根据“Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin largely by luck, but his finding was initially met with disinterest. Katalin Karikó, whose work made mRNA vaccines possible, faced years of doubt and refusal before her determination paid off.”可知，弗莱明发现青霉素虽靠运气，但最初无人关注；卡里科多年饱受质疑，所以两位科学家在成功前均经历了挑战。故选C。 14. 词句猜测题。根据“a single-minded focus on an unlikely goal, fails to pay off for many”可知，对不太可能的目标的专注，多人未能成功，所以划线部分的含义是“强烈而持久的兴趣”，D项符合。故选D。 15. 推理判断题。根据“Their brilliant ideas are sometimes proven wrong by nature’s harsh facts.”可知，许多好想法被残酷的现实击垮。故选C。 16. 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文围绕科学突破的驱动因素展开（偶然性、执着、社会支持等），B项符合。故选B。 第二节：阅读短文，从文后所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一个多余选项。 阅读短文及文后选项，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The Journey of Self-Discovery People make long journeys to different countries. Some even make their way to space. However, the biggest journey is the self-discovery journey. How can you start the journey of self-discovery? Here are some tips for you. Find out your most valuable ability. You may have different kinds of abilities. It could be about your ability to create, your ability to understand others or your skills at football. But which of them are you proud of? 17 This will help you know yourself better. Know what makes you excited. 18 It could be when you are performing a dance on stage, when you help your dad fix his computer or even when you are doing research on your school science project. Get out of your comfort zone (舒适区). It is always comfortable to stay in your familiar area. However, in order to discover yourself, you need to put yourself in some uncomfortable situations. 19 For example, you can try difficult rock climbing. This will give you a chance to learn more about how you feel, think and react when the challenge comes. Spend your time in a new environment. It is also a powerful way to discover things about yourself. When you are in a different place where people share different thoughts, you may have a chance to rethink about what you always believe. People may want to finish the journey as soon as possible. 20 As you go through life, many experiences can change you, and this helps you grow. The journey to self-discovery is life’s greatest adventure. A. You need to find out the answer. B. Discover and share different cultures. C. Do some outdoor activities you are afraid of. D. This will tell you where you can get your own joy. E. In fact, the self-discovery journey is a life-long task. 【答案】17. A 18. D 19. C 20. E 【解析】本文主要介绍了如何开始自我发现之旅。 17. 空前提出疑问“哪一种能力是你引以为傲的”，空后指出这能帮你更好地了解自己。选项A“You need to find out the answer.”紧承上文的问句，且“find out the answer”这一行为对应后文的“This”，逻辑通顺。 18. 本段主题是找到让自己兴奋的事。选项D“This will tell you where you can get your own joy.”中的“joy”与主题中的“excited”相呼应。且后文列举的具体事例（表演、修电脑、做研究）都是获得快乐/兴奋的时刻，符合语境。 19. 本段主题是走出舒适区，空后举例说难度大的攀岩。选项C“Do some outdoor activities you are afraid of.”与“走出舒适区”的主题一致，且“outdoor activities”直接对应后文的“rock climbing”。 20. 空前说人们想要尽快完成这段旅程，空后说人生中很多经历都会改变你，自我发现是一生的旅程。选项E“In fact, the self-discovery journey is a life-long task.”与前文的“as soon as possible”形成转折对比，同时引出后文关于“life”的论述，符合逻辑。 二、完形填空（10分） A group of university graduates visited their old professor. During their visit, the conversation turned to work. The graduates were 21 about their problems and stress in work and in life. After putting a pot of coffee on the table, the professor went to the kitchen and came back with a tray, crowded with many 22 cups: porcelain, glass, plastic and crystal. Some cups were simple, other ones were expensive. The professor asked them to pick out their cups first. When the graduates picked out their favorite cups, the professor 23 , “Notice how all the beautiful cups were picked out and the simple and cheap ones were left.” “Wanting only the best things for yourself 24 your problems and stress. You need to understand that the cup doesn’t make the coffee better. 25 , all that you wanted was the coffee, not the cup.” But you consciously 26   the best cups, and then looked to see what cups others picked. “Your 27 is the coffee. Your job, money, position in society...they are the cups. The type of cup doesn’t decide the quality of life. Sometimes, by focusing only on the cups, we forget to 28 the coffee. The 29 people are not those who have the best things, but those who enjoy life and make the most of what they have” Hearing this, the graduates were speechless. They had learned another important life lesson from their old professor-that true happiness means enjoying life and not worrying about 30 things. 21. A. thinking B. complaining C. learning D. worrying 22. A. different B. expensive C. cheap D. simple 23. A. shouted B. reported C. answered D. explained 24. A. cares for B. gets to C. leads to D. asks for 25. A. Luckily B. Finally C. Honestly D. Actually 26. A. bought B. chose C. brought D. decided 27. A. purpose B. life C. work D. study 28. A. buy B. understand C. drink D. taste 29. A. simplest B. happiest C. richest D. luckiest 30. A. unknown B. unusual C. unimportant D. unlucky 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. C 【解析】本文讲述教授借杯子与咖啡的故事，教导毕业生生活本质是享受生命，而非过度关注外在物质，从而获得真正的幸福。 21. 句意：毕业生们抱怨他们在工作和生活中的问题和压力。 根据“about their problems and stress”及固定搭配“complain about”（抱怨），可知此处指毕业生们在发牢骚。thinking“思考”，learning“学习”，worrying“担心”语义不通。 22. 句意：教授拿回一个托盘，上面堆满了不同的杯子：陶瓷的、玻璃的、塑料的和水晶的。 根据后文列举的多种材质“porcelain, glass, plastic and crystal”可知，杯子种类多样。expensive“昂贵的”，cheap“便宜的”，simple“简单的”均片面。 23. 句意：当毕业生们挑选出他们最喜欢的杯子时，教授解释说，“注意，所有漂亮的杯子都被挑走了……” 根据前文教授让学生选杯子以及后文阐述道理的行为，可知教授是在解释现象。shouted“喊叫”，reported“报道”语气或场景不符，answered“回答”通常用于回答问题，不符合语境。 24. 句意：只想要最好的东西会给你带来问题和压力。 根据句子逻辑，“Wanting only the best things”是原因，“problems and stress”是结果。“leads to”意为导致，符合因果逻辑。cares for“照顾”，gets to“到达”，asks for“请求”均无法连接因果。 25. 句意：事实上，你想要的只是咖啡，而不是杯子。 根据语境，教授在揭示一个被忽视的真相。“Actually”意为实际上，用于引出事实。Luckily“幸运地”，Finally“最后”逻辑不通，Honestly“诚实地”侧重态度，不符合语境。 26. 句意：但是你有意识地选择了最好的杯子，然后看看其他人选择了什么杯子。 根据前文“picked out their favorite cups”可知，此处指挑选动作。“chose”与“picked”同义，符合语境。bought“买”，chose“选择”动作未发生，decided“决定”侧重心理决定。 27. 句意：你的生活是咖啡。 根据后文“The type of cup doesn’t decide the quality of life”可知，杯子对应外在条件，咖啡对应生活本身。purpose“目的”，work“工作”，study“学习”范围过窄。 28. 句意：有时候，只关注杯子，我们忘记品尝咖啡。 根据隐喻，咖啡代表生活，“taste”不仅指喝，更指品味和享受，符合“enjoy life”的主旨。buy“买”，understand“理解”语义不通；“drink”仅指动作，缺乏情感色彩。 29. 句意：最幸福的人不是那些拥有最好的东西的人，而是那些享受生活……的人。 根据文章结尾“true happiness”可知，全文讨论的是幸福观。simplest“最简单的”，richest“最富有的”，luckiest“最幸运的”偏离主题，只有happiest“最幸福的”契合文章中心思想。 30. 句意：真正的幸福意味着享受生活，不为无关紧要的事情担心。 根据主旨，工作、金钱等外在事物相比生命是次要的。“unimportant”意为不重要的，符合语境。unknown“未知的”，unusual“不寻常的”，unlucky“不幸的”无法体现主次关系。 第二部分非选择题（共40分） 三、语篇填空（共10小题，每小题1分；满分10分） 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Beethoven was one of the greatest composers of all time. He was born in 1770 in Germany, and at 31 age of four, his father began to teach him to play the piano. In 1787, Beethoven visited Vienna, Austria. There, he played for the famous 32 (music) Wolfgang Mozart. When his mother became seriously ill, Beethoven returned home. After her 33 (die), Beethoven took care of his two younger brothers because his father couldn’t. He became friends with a kind family of educated people and with 34 (they) help, he moved to Vienna in 1792 35 (study) with the famous composer Joseph Haydn and lived there the rest of his life. Beethoven played the music which 36 (write) by other people and became famous 37 a performer, but he also liked to compose his own music. While composing, he played his songs on the piano to hear how they sounded. He would rewrite his music over and over 38 he was pleased with it. Around 1798, Beethoven began to lose his hearing. At first, he had difficulty 39 (hear) people talk. Later he couldn’t hear his own music. By 1820, he was totally deaf. Although he couldn’t hear, he kept playing and composing music. Beethoven composed some of his greatest pieces of music when he was 40 (complete) deaf, including “the Ninth Symphony”. 【答案】31. the 32. musician 33. death 34. their 35. to study 36. was written 37. as 38. until/till 39. hearing 40. completely 【解析】本文介绍了伟大作曲家贝多芬的生平经历，从幼年学琴、维也纳求学，到失聪后仍坚持创作，展现了他不朽的音乐人生。 31. 句意：他于1770年出生在德国，在4岁时，他的父亲开始教他弹钢琴。固定搭配at the age of...表示“在……岁时”，故填the。 32. 句意：在那里，他为著名的音乐家沃尔夫冈·莫扎特演奏。形容词famous后接名词，music对应的职业名词是musician（音乐家）。 33. 句意：在她去世后，贝多芬照顾他的两个弟弟。形容词性物主代词her后接名词，die的名词形式是death。 34. 句意：在他们的帮助下，他于1792年搬到维也纳。名词help前用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词是their。 35. 句意：他于1792年搬到维也纳，跟随著名作曲家约瑟夫·海顿学习，并在那里度过了余生。此处用不定式作目的状语，故填to study。 36. 句意：贝多芬演奏别人写的音乐，作为演奏家成名。先行词music与write是被动关系，且句子为一般过去时，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was written。 37. 句意：贝多芬演奏别人写的音乐，作为演奏家成名。固定搭配become famous as...表示“作为……成名”，故填as。 38. 句意：他会一遍又一遍地重写他的音乐，直到他满意为止。引导时间状语从句，表示“直到……”，故填until（或till）。 39. 句意：起初，他很难听清人们说话。固定搭配have difficulty (in) doing sth.表示“做某事有困难”，hear的动名词是hearing。 40. 句意：贝多芬在完全失聪时创作了他最伟大的一些作品。修饰形容词deaf需用副词，complete的副词形式是completely。 四、任务型阅读 Thomas Edison made more than 1,000 inventions in his life. Many of his inventions have changed the world. His first invention was a vote recorder (投票记录器) in 1869. The machine allowed people to place a vote by pressing a button. They didn’t need to say yes or no. However, American government officials did not like Edison's invention because they preferred to call out their votes. Edison learned that he would never again invent anything people did not want. Edison started a company with his friend, Franklin Pope. They made fire and burglar (盗窃) alarms. At this company, Edison was busy from early in the morning until late at night. He often said, “There’s no substitute (替代品) for hard work.” He invented a telegraph to print the price of gold and silver. He sold it to the West Union Company for $15,000. With some of this money Edison started his own company in 1868. Next he invented a stock ticker (证券报价机). This was a machine that recorded the price of stocks in New York. The West Union Company paid Edison $40,000 for this invention. Edison used the money to open a shop in Newark in the state of New Jersey. There he met a young woman, Mary Stilwell. Edison and Mary got married on Christmas Day in 1871. They had three children. In 1875, with his wife and young family, Edison moved to Menlo Park in the same state. There he built his own laboratory. In the laboratory were tables, science books, instruments and bottles of chemicals. His first success at Menlo Park was an improvement (改进) on the telephone that Alexander Graham Bell had just invented. 41. What did Edison learn from his first invention? 42. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? 43. Who moved to Menlo with Edison? 44. Do you dream of being an inventor? Why (not)? 【答案】41. Edison learned that he would never again invent anything people did not want. 42. Hard work is important. 43. His wife and young family. 44. Yes, because inventions can solve problems and improve people’s lives. 【解析】本文主要讲述了托马斯·爱迪生的生平发明经历，包括他的第一项发明、与朋友合作、成立自己的公司、发明证券报价机、建立实验室以及在门洛帕克的首次成功改进电话等，展现了爱迪生的发明才华和努力工作的精神。 41. 根据第一段最后一句“Edison learned that he would never again invent anything people did not want.”可知，爱迪生从他的第一项发明中学到了他再也不会发明人们不想要的东西。故填Edison learned that he would never again invent anything people did not want. 42. 根据第二段“At this company, Edison was busy from early in the morning until late at night. He often said, ‘There's no substitute (替代品) for hard work.’”可知，在这家公司，爱迪生从早到晚都很忙，他认为没有什么可以替代努力工作，即努力工作是很重要的。故填Hard work is important. 43. 根据第四段“In 1875, with his wife and young family, Edison moved to Menlo Park in the same state.”可知，爱迪生的妻子和年幼的孩子和他一起搬到了门洛帕克。故填His wife and young family. 44. 主观题，合理即可，故填Yes, because inventions can solve problems and improve people’s lives. 第五节、书面表达（15分） 假设你是学校英语校刊的编辑，请你根据以下提示，写一篇短文介绍爱迪生发明电灯的故事。 提示： · 问题：夜晚只能用蜡烛照明，很不安全。 · 人物：爱迪生 · 创意：用电来制造稳定耐用的灯泡。 · 影响：为人类带来了光明，改变了整个世界。 要求： · 包括以上所有信息，适当发挥。 · 80-100词。 · 句式丰富，逻辑连贯。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A Great Idea That Changed the World In the past, people had to use candles for light at night. However, candles were not safe and often caused fires. This was a serious problem that needed to be solved. Thomas Edison, a famous inventor, was determined to solve this problem. He came up with a brilliant idea: to use electricity to create a safe and lasting light bulb. He tried thousands of materials before he finally found the right one. Finally, Edison invented the light bulb. This great idea has brought light to the world and changed our lives forever. It is hard to imagine a world without electricity today. What a wonderful invention it is! 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $