Unit 5 Revealing nature 探索自然（单元阅读精练）英语外研版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 以“探索自然”为主题，融合阅读精练、词汇拓展与高考真题，通过长难句分析步骤和主题词汇归纳，构建“现象-原理-应用”的知识逻辑链，提升语言理解与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单元阅读精练|1篇核心语篇+词汇表|化学/声音交流术语分类；“抓标志-判类型-试翻译”长难句分析法|从植物基础交流现象到科学原理解释，构建自然探索主题词汇网络| |高考真题链接|1篇真题+3句精析|真题定位技巧；复杂句式结构拆解|衔接课内植物研究与高考碳清除科技文，实现知识迁移| |综合实战演练|9篇语篇（5阅读+2完形+2语法）|说明文主旨归纳；上下文逻辑推理|覆盖蝴蝶迁徙、山雀记忆等多自然主题，形成“观察-分析-解决”思维闭环|

Unit 5 Revealing nature 探索自然 单元阅读精练 It has been known for some time that plants can talk to one another. Many communicate chemically, both through the air and via their roots—warning each other, for example, of the arrival of her­bivorous insects in order to co-ordinate their responses to these pests. Those re­sponses are also often a form of communi­cation, namely a further release of chemicals that recruit predators and parasites of said herbivores. These then solve their summoners’ problems by having lunch. Plants’ interactions with sound are less well understood, though it is known that flowers such as evening primroses can de­tect the buzzing of bees and respond by producing sweeter nectar. Moreover, a pa­per published in this week’s Cell, by Lilach Hadany of Tel­-Aviv University and her col­leagues, describes how plants make noises when they are stressed by drought or physical damage. Dr Hadany and her team do not yet know whether other plants are listening, but suspect that they might be. 【译文欣赏】 人们知道植物之间可以相互交流已经有段时间了。许多植物通过空气和根部进行化学交流——例如，它们会互相警告食草昆虫的到来，以协调应对这些害虫。这些反应通常也是一种交流形式，即进一步释放化学物质，招来捕食动物和上述食草动物的寄生虫。然后，他们通过吃午餐来解决这些“召唤师”的麻烦。 人们对植物与声音的相互作用了解甚少，但众所周知，月见草等花卉可以探测到蜜蜂的嗡嗡声，并产生更甜的花蜜作为回应。此外，特拉维夫大学的Lilach Hadany和她的同事，在本周的《细胞》杂志上发表了一篇论文，描述了植物在遭受干旱或物理伤害时是如何发出声音的。Hadany博士和她的团队还不知道其他植物是否也在听着，但怀疑它们可能是这样的。 【词汇积累】 communicate [kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt] vi. 交流，沟通 chemically [ˈkemɪkli] adv. 用化学方法，化学地 via [ˈvaɪə] prep. 通过，经由 root [ruːt] n. 根，根部 herbivorous [hɜːˈbɪvərəs] adj. 食草的 insect [ˈɪnsekt] n. 昆虫 co-ordinate [kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪt] vt. 协调，配合 response [rɪˈspɒns] n. 反应，回应 pest [pest] n. 害虫 namely [ˈneɪmli] adv. 即，也就是 release [rɪˈliːs] n./vt. 释放 recruit [rɪˈkruːt] vt. 招募，招来 predator [ˈpredətə] n. 捕食者，食肉动物 parasite [ˈpærəsaɪt] n. 寄生虫 summoner [ˈsʌmənə] n. 召唤者 interaction [ˌɪntərˈækʃn] n. 相互作用，互动 primrose [ˈprɪmrəʊz] n. 月见草，报春花 detect [dɪˈtekt] vt. 探测，察觉 buzz [bʌz] n. 嗡嗡声 nectar [ˈnektə] n. 花蜜 publish [ˈpʌblɪʃ] vt. 发表，出版 stress [stres] vt. 使……受压力，使……紧张 drought [draʊt] n. 干旱 physical [ˈfɪzɪkl] adj. 物理的，身体的 damage [ˈdæmɪdʒ] n. 损害，损伤 suspect [səˈspekt] vt. 猜想，怀疑 via their roots 通过根部 for example 例如 a form of 一种……的形式 a further release of 进一步释放 【知识拓展】 1. 植物化学交流（Chemical Communication）：植物受到昆虫攻击时会释放挥发性有机化合物（VOCs），这些化学物质不仅可以直接驱赶害虫，还能"招募"害虫的天敌，如寄生蜂、捕食螨等。同时，邻近的植物接收到这些化学信号后，会提前激活自身的防御系统。这种现象被称为"植物间 eavesdropping（窃听）"。 2. 植物声音交流（Sound/Acoustic Communication）：植物能感知声音振动并作出反应。例如，月见草可以感知蜜蜂翅膀振动的频率，在几秒钟内临时提高花蜜中的糖分浓度，从而吸引更多传粉者。此外，缺水或受到机械损伤时，植物会发出特定频率的超声波或微振动信号。 【词汇延伸】 talk to one another 互相交流 communicate chemically 通过化学方式交流 via roots 通过根部 warn each other 互相警告 co-ordinate responses 协调反应 a form of communication 一种交流形式 release chemicals 释放化学物质 recruit predators and parasites 招来捕食者和寄生虫 solve problems 解决问题 by having lunch 通过吃午餐（拟人化表达） interactions with sound 与声音的互动 be less well understood 了解较少 detect buzzing 探测嗡嗡声 respond by doing 通过做某事来回应 produce sweeter nectar 产生更甜的花蜜 a paper published in... 一篇发表在……上的论文 be stressed by 遭受……的压力 physical damage 物理损伤 interact with 与……互动 serve as 充当，作为 make noises 发出声音 【高考真题链接】 (2026·1月浙江卷·阅读D篇) Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate change. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization (优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. To design these climate-saving plants, the scientists are using a research tool called SLEAP – an AI software that tracks multiple features of root growth. Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. Now, Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes-how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process. SLEAP uses computer vision (the ability for computers to understand images) and deep learning (an AI approach for training a computer to learn and work like the human brain) to help researchers process images much more quickly. The application of SLEAP to plants has already enabled researchers to establish the most extensive catalog (目录) of plant root phenotypes to date. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. “Our cooperation is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira. “We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines-we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.” 32. What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to achieve? A. Keeping more carbon in plants. B. Optimizing the use of energy. C. Enhancing biological diversity. D. Reducing carbon absorption. 33. Why did Pereira create SLEAP? A. To generate plant images. B. To conduct research on animals C. To study climate patterns. D. To track features of root growth. 34. What will SLEAP help the scientists do? A. Pick out diseased plants in the forest. B. Collect samples of plant root systems. C. Identify genes for desirable plant roots. D. Preserve the genes of endangered plants. 35. What can be inferred from Pereira’s words? A. Academic disciplines are of equal importance. B. Computer programming is a must for scientists. C. Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity. D. Cooperation outweighs competition in research. ( 1. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. 抓标志：at Salk Institute 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 Scientists；to absorb carbon dioxide 为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰 capacity；by enhancing their root systems 为介词短语作方式状语。 判类型：简单句。主语为 Scientists；谓语为 are making use of；宾语为 the natural capacity；of plants 和 to absorb carbon dioxide 共同修饰 capacity；by enhancing... 说明“通过什么方式”实现目标。 试翻译： 索尔克研究所的科学家们正通过增强植物的根系，来利用植物自然吸收二氧化碳的能力。 2. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes-how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. 抓标志：published in Plant Phenomics 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 study；破折号后的 how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become 为两个并列的宾语从句，作 phenotypes 的同位语/具体说明。 判类型：简单主从复合句。主句为 Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure；for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes 为介词短语作目的状语；破折号后内容具体解释 phenotypes 指什么（根系生长的深度、宽度、庞大程度等物理特征）。 试翻译： 在发表于《植物表型组学》的一项研究中，布施和佩雷拉建立了一套新流程，利用 SLEAP 分析植物根系表型——它们长得多深多宽、根系系统变得多庞大，以及其他物理特性。 3. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process. 抓标志：Prior to SLEAP 为介词短语作时间状语；tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals 为动名词短语作主语；that slowed the scientific process 为定语从句，修饰 labor。 判类型：主从复合句。主句为 tracking... required a lot of labor；that 引导定语从句修饰 labor，说明大量劳动拖慢了科学进程 。 试翻译： 在 SLEAP 出现之前，追踪植物和动物的物理特性需要大量人工劳动，这拖慢了科学进程。 ) ( ① carbon removal 碳清除 ② fight climate change 应对气候变化 ③ natural capacity 自然能力 ④ absorb carbon dioxide 吸收二氧化碳 ⑤ enhance root systems 增强根系 ⑥ optimize 优化 ⑦ increase the amount of carbon stored 增加碳储存量 ⑧ extend the duration of storage 延长储存时间 ⑨ research tool 研究工具 ⑩ track multiple features 追踪多项特征 ⑪ root growth 根系生长 ⑫ initially designed 最初设计 ⑬ team up with 与……合作 ⑭ apply to 应用于 ⑮ establish a new procedure 建立新流程 ⑯ plant root phenotypes 植物根系表型 ⑰ physical qualities 物理特性 ⑱ prior to 在……之前 ⑲ a lot of labor 大量人工劳动 ⑳ slow the scientific process 拖慢科学进程 ㉑ computer vision 计算机视觉 ㉒ deep learning 深度学习 ㉓ process images 处理图像 ㉔ the most extensive catalog 最广泛的目录 ㉕ to date 迄今为止 ㉖ be associated with 与……相关 ㉗ be determined by 由……决定 ) 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 308 主要讲述了华盛顿州立大学的昆虫学家大卫・詹姆斯（David James）致力于研究西海岸黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙模式，由于蝴蝶数量稀少难以追踪，后与监狱合作，让囚犯参与饲养并标记放飞蝴蝶，从而追踪到其迁徙路线，同时这项工作也对囚犯产生了积极影响。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 314 文章主要说明了北美山雀记忆力很强，以此来度过寒冷的月份。文章介绍了相关研究。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 351 文章讲述了光污染可能影响植物与昆虫间的重要互动，对自然区域和农业土地造成不良后果。 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 342 主要介绍了科学家研究发现，生病的蚂蚁蛹会释放特殊气味，让工蚁消灭自己以保护蚁群；蚁后蛹因免疫系统强大，无需发出此类信号、做出自我牺牲。 Passage5 阅读理解 说明文 330 文章主要讲述了科学家们通过基因工程改造斑马鱼和果蝇，使其能够将有毒的甲基汞转化为危害较小的元素汞，从而减少汞污染对食物链和环境的影响。 Passage6 语法填空 说明文 220 文章主要介绍了大米是世界上大部分人口最常见的食物，以及水稻的收割和干燥方式。 Passage7 完形填空 说明文 242 文章主要讲述了作者一次仰望星空时的深刻感悟与心灵触动。 Passage8 完形填空 记叙文 332 主要讲述作者童年家境拮据时，母亲带他们坐公交探索世界，创造温暖回忆的经历。 Passage9 语法填空 记叙文 231 本文介绍了观鸟这一原本被认为是老年人专属的爱好，近年来在年轻人中越来越流行。 Passage 1 （25-26高二下·湖北武汉·月考）For years, David James, who studies insects at Washington State University, had wanted to examine the migration (迁徙) patterns of West Coast monarch butterflies. The route the butterflies travel has been hardly known because the populations are too small to follow. For every 200 monarch butterflies tagged (打标签) by a researcher, only one is usually recovered at the end of its trip, James says, and finding even 200 in the wild to tag is unlikely. Knowing the route is vital to conservation efforts, but James had no way to figure it out — until he got a phone call from Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla. The prison was looking for new activities to improve the mental health of those serving longterm sentences. So James began working with prisoners to raise monarch butterflies through the whole process of their transformation. The adult insects were then tagged and released from the prison. Over five years, nearly 10, 000 monarch butterflies flew from the facility. Elsewhere in Washington, Oregon and Idaho, researchers released another few thousand.   The tags included email addresses, and soon after the first butterflies took off, James started receiving messages from people who had spotted them. The butterflies, the reports confirmed, wintered in coastal California. Twelve of them landed at Lighthouse Field State Beach in Santa Cruz. Several more headed to Bolinas and Morro Bay. The work helps researchers identify ideal places to plant milkweed and other vegetation that are important to the life cycle of West Coast monarch butterflies. It also brought out the gentler side of some of the prisoners. “They were very worried that they were going to harm the butterflies,” James says. Watching the monarch butterfly change their form also touched the men. “This butterfly changed,” James recalls prisoners telling him, “and maybe we can too.” 1. What was hard for David to do in his study? A. Gain financial support. B. Hire qualified workers. C. Build a new laboratory. D. Find enough monarch butterflies. 2. Why were the butterflies tagged before being released? A. To guarantee their safety. B. To enable them to fly longer distances. C. To track their travel routes. D. To distinguish them from other species. 3. What makes the prisoners feel that they can change? A. The patience the butterflies showed. B. The hardship the butterflies underwent. C. The transformation of the butterflies. D. The devotion of James to the butterflies. 4. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The impact of the research. B. The findings of James’ study. C. The release of the prisoners. D. The life cycle of the butterflies. Passage 2 （2025-2026学年高一上·河南·月考）Tiny, black-capped chickadees (北美山雀) have big memories. They store food in hundreds to thousands of different locations in the wild — and then comeback to these places when other food sources are low. Scientists have known that chickadees have incredible memory skills. That memory can be a matter of life or death for these birds when there are no enough food resources in colder months. Some researchers thought that neurons called place cells (细胞) would explain these birds’ ability to remember where their food is stored. These cells are known to include information about where things are in space. But recently，Selmaan Chettih and his team found that each time a chickadee hides a seed (种子) in a specific location, a unique brain pattern appears — separate from place cells To observe this, Chettih and his team created special areas with lots of feeders filled with sunflower seeds. They put small flaps (片状下垂物) where birds could hide seeds. The scientists tracked the activity in their brains. Each time a bird hid a seed under a flap, researchers saw a brief unique brain pattern appear—what they called the barcode. Different patterns appeared even if the birds hid many seeds in the same location. When the birds revisited these sites and retrieved the hidden seeds, the same barcode-like pattern appeared again, as though all the information about each location and seed were related to a unique brain pattern. The researchers compared these memories to episodic memories in humans, which are memories of specific events or personal experiences. They’re important to how humans connect time, people, places and sensory information together. Chettih says that this see chiding behavior has a clear pattern of activity, which may help researchers build a structure for how the brain creates and stores memories 1. Why are memory skills necessary for chickadees? A. Memory skills can help them survive in colder months. B. Memory skills show their intelligence and learning abilities. C. They need memory skills to identify different types of food. D. They use memory skills to avoid being attacked by other animals. 2. What did Chettih and his team find? A. Chickadees’ memories were controlled by place cells. B. Chickadees preferred hiding sunflower seeds. C. Unique brain patterns appeared when chickadees hid seeds. D. Chickadees often hid many seeds in the same location. 3. What does the underlined word “retrieved” mean in paragraph 5? A. Repaired. B. Regained. C. Decorated. D. Designed. 4. What is the purpose of the text? A. To introduce a study on chickadees’ memory. B. To present a detailed description of chickadees. C. To compare chickadees and human memory skills. D. To provide readers with a way to improve memory skills. Passage 3 （2025-2026学年高一下·山东东营·月考）Pollination (授粉) is important for the reproduction of many plants. Some rely on the wind or water for pollination, but most depend on animals to serve as the pollinators. Insects like bees, moths, and beetles also serve as the pollinators, helping with this process. Unfortunately, the worldwide spread of light pollution may be affecting the important interactions (相互作用) between plants and insects, causing bad consequences for both natural areas and agricultural lands. A team of scientists in Switzerland recently studied how the complex interactions between plants and pollinators were affected by artificial light at night. By setting up several grasslands with LED street lamps, the scientists were able to compare the differences. Focusing on cabbage thistle, a type of plants, the researchers counted 62% fewer insect visits to the lit grasslands. They also noted 29% fewer pollinators than the ones in the uncontrolled lands, which resulted in 13% fewer fruits on the cabbage thistle plants they were studying. Based on the fact that there was reduced fruit production in the controlled lands, the scientists found that the pollinators who worked during the day were not able to make up for the reduced activity of the pollinators at night. Additionally, there seemed to be the potential for a very negative effect, because many of the plants some insects are helping to pollinate are the most important sources of food for them. Artificial light affects pollination, and thus fruit production, in two different, but connected ways, according to a scientist from California. Imagine a moth flying into a light at night — the first way is by misdirecting pollinators. The second way is by confusing the sense of time of plants. Besides, plants and insects respond to varying wavelengths of light differently. More research is needed to understand the complex interactions between plants, pollinators, and different types of light. “The annually increasing man made light improves humans’ life. It causes bad consequences for the environment, however. We can never base our life on the loss of the environment,” says Knop, lead author of the study. 1. According to the passage, the first paragraph is used to ________. A. put forward a problem B. present background information C. inform the purpose of the study D. introduce the subjects to be studied 2. According to the study, the plants under the artificial light ________. A. stopped bearing fruits in the end B. failed to be pollinated C. were visited by fewer insects D. were more attractive to pollinators 3. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. The starvation of insects. B. The loss of pollination. C. The reduced fruit production. D. The death of some plants. 4. What can we learn from Paragraph 6? A. Misdirected insects confuse plants’ sense of time. B. Pollination and fruit production are related in two ways. C. The different effects of varying light on pollination are clear. D. Artificial light affects plants’ pollination and sense of time. Passage 4 （25-26高一下·山东济宁·月考）Sick young ants give off a smell to tell worker ants to destroy them to protect the group from infection (感染), but queens do not make this self-sacrifice (自我牺牲), scientists said Tuesday . Many animals hide illness for social reasons. Ant groups, however, act as one “super-organism” which works to ensure the survival of all, similar to how infected cells in our bodies send out a “find-me and eat-me” message, according to an Austria-led team of scientists. When adult worker ants fall ill, they leave the nest to die alone. Young ants, known as pupae, however, are trapped inside cocoons (蛹壳) and cannot keep their social distance. Scientists have found that dying pupae experience a chemical change that gives off a special smell. Adult worker ants then gather around, remove the cocoon, “bite holes in the pupae and put harmful and deadly matter into their body,” Dawson said. For the research, the scientists wanted to find out whether the pupae “were actively saying: ‘hey, come and kill me,’” Dawson said. First, the scientists collected the smell from the sick pupae of a black garden ant. When they applied the smell to a group of healthy younger ants in the lab, the workers still destroyed them. Another experiment showed sick pupae only produce the smell when workers are nearby, proving it an intentional destruction message. “While it is a sacrifice — a truly altruistic act — it’s also for their own good, for their kind will survive and continue on,” Dawson said. However, one member of the nest makes no such sacrifice. The team found sick queen pupae inside cocoons send out no smelly warning message. “Are they cheating the system?” Dawson said the team asked themselves. However, they found queen pupae have far stronger immune (免疫) systems and can fight infection alone, which is why they send no message. Dawson hopes future studies will explore whether queen pupae will sacrifice themselves if they fail to beat the infection. 1. Why does the author mention the “find-me and eat-me” message? A. To contrast disease answers in insects and humans. B. To explain the self-sacrifice message system of the ants. C. To show how ants carry out social distancing in the nest. D. To describe the means scientists used in their experiment. 2. What does the word “altruistic” in Paragraph 4 most nearly mean? A. Driven by self-preservation habits. B. Controlled by inborn programming. C. Caused by outer chemical messages. D. Performed with a concern for the welfare of others. 3. Why don’t queen pupae send out the warning message? A. They have better immune defenses against infection. B. They use a biological method to avoid being found. C. They put off messaging until the infection progresses. D. They depend on specialized protective systems. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Different ant species show various sacrifice behaviors. B. Sick young ants send messages asking for treatment. C. Queen ants refuse to message and break away from sacrifice. D. Sick young ants invite destruction to save the ant group. Passage 5 （25-26高二上·安徽·阶段测试）For decades mercury (汞) has been settling into lakes and oceans, where it turns into methylmercury — a poisonous substance that sticks to fish and everything that eats them, humans included. Methylmercury poisoning, which can damage the nervous system, “always seemed like such a difficult thing to deal with,” says Kate Tepper, a postdoctoral researcher at Australia’s Macquarie University. To try to solve this problem, Tepper and her colleagues genetically engineered zebra fish and fruit flies so that the organisms can change methylmercury into the less harmful elemental mercury, which leaves the body as a gas. The researchers injected zebra fish and fruit fly embryos (胚胎) with Escherichia coli (大肠杆菌) genes that produce a conversion enzyme (转化酶). As the scientists report in Nature Communications, the modified zebra fish contained 64 percent less mercury than unmodified ones, and the fruit flies had 83 percent less. Tepper says that the small, mercury-resistant fish could serve as a self-purifying foundation for the food chain, protecting larger fish, birds and humans that eat them. Modified insects, meanwhile, could remove mercury from the environment by eating waste. Robert Mason, a marine scientist at the University of Connecticut, says modified animals might reduce methylmercury buildup locally. However, he sees a limitation: even for small-scale cleanups, elemental mercury can change back into methylmercury once it is released into the atmosphere. Tepper thinks the modified zebra fish would ideally be introduced at highly polluted sites. First, though, the researchers need to make sure the modified fish are safe. Tepper proposes eventual field trials in small lakes so that scientists can test for unintended ecological effects in a controlled setting. Such trials are years away. However, Tepper believes someday, we could use similar methods to clean up other pollutants, like microplastics and chemicals.” This shows we can use animals to clean up pollution,” she says. “Potentially we could use this for a lot of pollutants.” 1．What does the author intend to show through paragraph 1? A．The worldwide mercury pollution problem. B．The difficulty in detecting mercury in water. C．The motivation behind dealing with mercury pollution. D．The important discovery of methylmercury poisoning. 2．What can we learn about the genetically modified zebra fish? A．They can reduce mercury in the food chain. B．They can produce more conversion enzymes. C．They are more useful than modified fruit flies. D．They are more attractive to animals that eat them. 3．What does Robert Mason say about the genetically modified animals? A．They might bring about more harm than good. B．They might not do much to cut mercury pollution. C．They are more cost-effective than existing methods. D．They should be put to good use immediately. 4．How does Tepper feel about their new way to remove mercury in water? A．Negative. B．Worried. C．Confused. D．Optimistic. Passage 6 （25-26高二上·湖北随州·月考）阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Rice is the most common food for a large part of the world’s human population. Its biological cycle ____1____ (range) from about 95 days to around 250 days. It’s important to harvest rice crops on time. If we harvest too early, the ____2____ (collect) grains will not be fully grown. When crops are harvested late, grains will fall onto the ground, leading to heavy losses. As ____3____ general rule, the harvest may begin only when grains have a golden color. Harvesting can take place manually (手动地) or mechanically. In manual harvesting, farmers collect rice plants ____4____ (use) sharp knives. Then, they carefully remove the grains. Mechanical harvesting can be done with machines that combine all the ____5____ (function), such as cutting and threshing (脱粒). After harvesting, rice seeds contain a lot of moisture (水分). ____6____ (normal), farmers dry the grains out before storage ____7____ (prevent) them from going bad. There are mainly two approaches to making grains dry—the traditional method and the mechanical one. Because of its low and almost zero cost, the traditional drying method ____8____ (prefer) in plenty of countries. Farmers spread the grains over places ____9____ it’s easy for them to receive sunlight. The mechanical drying method uses different types of dryers to remove water _____10_____ grains. Passage 7 （25-26高一下·湖南邵阳·月考）Back in my boyhood, I rarely raised my eyes to the stars. During the summer ____1____, I preferred reading a book or watching television to being ____2____. As I got older, I ____3____ to look up into the night sky more often, yet the city’s thick veil (遮盖物) of pollution kept the stars ____4____ from us night after night. One summer night, I was driving along a silent road to ____5____ my daughter from her countryside holiday. It was a clear sky that night. As I ____6____ the car and stepped outside, the scenery took my ____7____ away. The sky was filled with innumerable twinkling ____8____. The stars winked at me playfully as though ____9____ secret greetings. Looking up at the ____10____ galaxy (银河系), the summer breeze lifted my ____11____. I felt the Creator’s touch in my heart — the same hand that ____12____ these countless stars. At that moment, under the huge night sky full of stars, I felt both small, like a ____13____ dot in space — and also very big, as if I could reach out and ____14____ the stars. Each of these stars was a diamond — though millions of miles away, their light still reached my eyes. I ____15____ that I was a part of nature’s creation. I felt connected to everything. Nature reveals itself only as deeply as I embrace (拥抱) the art of living. 1. A. moments B. mornings C. afternoons D. evenings 2. A. around B. outside C. back D. away 3. A. stopped B. continued C. began D. planned 4. A. hidden B. faded C. shone D. missed 5. A. check on B. pick up C. look for D. show around 6. A. started B. moved C. repaired D. parked 7. A. brain B. breath C. sight D. favour 8. A. stars B. satellites C. kites D. lanterns 9. A. singing B. writing C. whispering D. gesturing 10. A. disappearing B. cold C. bright D. vivid 11. A. impressions B. memories C. fortunes D. spirits 12. A. collected B. created C. counted D. donated 13. A. tiny B. clear C. distant D. colorful 14. A. touch B. weigh C. cover D. watch 15. A. admitted B. denied C. realized D. doubted Passage 8 （25-26高一下·湖北·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 We began the bus trips when I was around seven years old. Back then, we lived at our grandparents’ house in Oceanside, California. Money was 1 since my father had retired from the Air Force and had yet to find steady (稳定的) 2 . In addition, we were struggling to find an affordable place to call our own. I suppose it would have been easy to 3 frustration (沮丧). But my mom had other ideas, using the situation to give my brother Jess and me 4 memories that would affect our mindset forever. As it was, once or twice a week, my mom would 5 Jess and me to the nearest bus stop, and from there we would go on to “see the world”. The public 6 system around the area was very convenient. For a very low fee, it was possible to buy a 7 that allowed riders to jump aboard all the buses they wanted throughout the whole day. Among our often-visited points of interest was the mall in Carlsbad. We would window-shop at the mall. We weren’t there to 8 . Our goal was to enjoy the sights and do some people-watching, too. On other 9 , we would take the bus all the way to Strand Beach, where we collected sand dollars and shells for 10 . We would watch ships sail past in the distance and often heard helicopters or other aircraft soar overhead on their way to the naval base at Camp Pendleton. I was grateful to my mom for making that 11 period so much fun and putting in us an enthusiasm in admiring a world that was ours without having to really 12 anything. And she showed us no matter where we were, and what we were going through, there was something we could 13 about somewhere. 14 , my father got a steady job at the DMV, and we 15 a nice home in the countryside. 1．A．easy B．smart C．tight D．enough 2．A．accommodation B．support C．economy D．employment 3．A．put up with B．give in to C．get away from D．look back on 4．A．warm B．moving C．childish D．sad 5．A．follow B．lead C．drive D．invite 6．A．destination B．transportation C．tourism D．education 7．A．map B．ticket C．passport D．note 8．A．tour B．hurry C．stay D．buy 9．A．events B．sports C．journeys D．courses 10．A．gifts B．awards C．tools D．medals 11．A．long B．boring C．uncertain D．difficult 12．A．improve B．challenge C．pay D．exchange 13．A．worry B．forget C．talk D．smile 14．A．Finally B．Obviously C．Officially D．Amazingly 15．A．found B．admired C．visited D．reached Passage 9 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。 （25-26高一下·湖南武冈·阶段练习）Birdwatching, once regarded as a hobby mainly for the elderly, ____1____ (gain) increasing popularity among young people in recent years. Thanks to the influence of celebrities and a rising interest in nature, this peaceful outdoor activity could ____2____ (enjoy) by people of all ages across the country. Local authorities have also made full use of this popularity ____3____ (support) wildlife conservation. Ai Yakang, a wildlife enthusiast, drew widespread attention online. His posts, ____4____ (feature) beautiful photos of birds, received millions of ____5____ (like) and showed how birdwatching has become a healthy way to get close to nature and relax our busy minds. Walking softly in green parks or quiet wetlands, birdwatchers try to find lovely birds without affecting their natural life. This hobby not only connects them with ____6____ wide variety of birds but also helps improve their patience and focus, two qualities that are ____7____ (benefit) in daily life. A birdwatcher writes: “When I watch birds flying and singing freely in the sky, I feel my stress slowly disappear. I come to realize how important it is to protect the peaceful habitats ____8____ birds live.” Many birdwatchers keep diaries to record their ____9____ (observe), which provides valuable information for nature scientists. Indeed, birdwatching is suitable for everyone, from children to adults, because it is a simple hobby which teaches us to slow down ____10____ brings joy and peace to life. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 1 / 29 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Revealing nature 探索自然 单元阅读精练 It has been known for some time that plants can talk to one another. Many communicate chemically, both through the air and via their roots—warning each other, for example, of the arrival of her­bivorous insects in order to co-ordinate their responses to these pests. Those re­sponses are also often a form of communi­cation, namely a further release of chemicals that recruit predators and parasites of said herbivores. These then solve their summoners’ problems by having lunch. Plants’ interactions with sound are less well understood, though it is known that flowers such as evening primroses can de­tect the buzzing of bees and respond by producing sweeter nectar. Moreover, a pa­per published in this week’s Cell, by Lilach Hadany of Tel­-Aviv University and her col­leagues, describes how plants make noises when they are stressed by drought or physical damage. Dr Hadany and her team do not yet know whether other plants are listening, but suspect that they might be. 【译文欣赏】 人们知道植物之间可以相互交流已经有段时间了。许多植物通过空气和根部进行化学交流——例如，它们会互相警告食草昆虫的到来，以协调应对这些害虫。这些反应通常也是一种交流形式，即进一步释放化学物质，招来捕食动物和上述食草动物的寄生虫。然后，他们通过吃午餐来解决这些“召唤师”的麻烦。 人们对植物与声音的相互作用了解甚少，但众所周知，月见草等花卉可以探测到蜜蜂的嗡嗡声，并产生更甜的花蜜作为回应。此外，特拉维夫大学的Lilach Hadany和她的同事，在本周的《细胞》杂志上发表了一篇论文，描述了植物在遭受干旱或物理伤害时是如何发出声音的。Hadany博士和她的团队还不知道其他植物是否也在听着，但怀疑它们可能是这样的。 【词汇积累】 communicate [kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt] vi. 交流，沟通 chemically [ˈkemɪkli] adv. 用化学方法，化学地 via [ˈvaɪə] prep. 通过，经由 root [ruːt] n. 根，根部 herbivorous [hɜːˈbɪvərəs] adj. 食草的 insect [ˈɪnsekt] n. 昆虫 co-ordinate [kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪt] vt. 协调，配合 response [rɪˈspɒns] n. 反应，回应 pest [pest] n. 害虫 namely [ˈneɪmli] adv. 即，也就是 release [rɪˈliːs] n./vt. 释放 recruit [rɪˈkruːt] vt. 招募，招来 predator [ˈpredətə] n. 捕食者，食肉动物 parasite [ˈpærəsaɪt] n. 寄生虫 summoner [ˈsʌmənə] n. 召唤者 interaction [ˌɪntərˈækʃn] n. 相互作用，互动 primrose [ˈprɪmrəʊz] n. 月见草，报春花 detect [dɪˈtekt] vt. 探测，察觉 buzz [bʌz] n. 嗡嗡声 nectar [ˈnektə] n. 花蜜 publish [ˈpʌblɪʃ] vt. 发表，出版 stress [stres] vt. 使……受压力，使……紧张 drought [draʊt] n. 干旱 physical [ˈfɪzɪkl] adj. 物理的，身体的 damage [ˈdæmɪdʒ] n. 损害，损伤 suspect [səˈspekt] vt. 猜想，怀疑 via their roots 通过根部 for example 例如 a form of 一种……的形式 a further release of 进一步释放 【知识拓展】 1. 植物化学交流（Chemical Communication）：植物受到昆虫攻击时会释放挥发性有机化合物（VOCs），这些化学物质不仅可以直接驱赶害虫，还能"招募"害虫的天敌，如寄生蜂、捕食螨等。同时，邻近的植物接收到这些化学信号后，会提前激活自身的防御系统。这种现象被称为"植物间 eavesdropping（窃听）"。 2. 植物声音交流（Sound/Acoustic Communication）：植物能感知声音振动并作出反应。例如，月见草可以感知蜜蜂翅膀振动的频率，在几秒钟内临时提高花蜜中的糖分浓度，从而吸引更多传粉者。此外，缺水或受到机械损伤时，植物会发出特定频率的超声波或微振动信号。 【词汇延伸】 talk to one another 互相交流 communicate chemically 通过化学方式交流 via roots 通过根部 warn each other 互相警告 co-ordinate responses 协调反应 a form of communication 一种交流形式 release chemicals 释放化学物质 recruit predators and parasites 招来捕食者和寄生虫 solve problems 解决问题 by having lunch 通过吃午餐（拟人化表达） interactions with sound 与声音的互动 be less well understood 了解较少 detect buzzing 探测嗡嗡声 respond by doing 通过做某事来回应 produce sweeter nectar 产生更甜的花蜜 a paper published in... 一篇发表在……上的论文 be stressed by 遭受……的压力 physical damage 物理损伤 interact with 与……互动 serve as 充当，作为 make noises 发出声音 【高考真题链接】 (2026·1月浙江卷·阅读D篇) Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate change. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization (优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. To design these climate-saving plants, the scientists are using a research tool called SLEAP – an AI software that tracks multiple features of root growth. Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. Now, Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes-how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process. SLEAP uses computer vision (the ability for computers to understand images) and deep learning (an AI approach for training a computer to learn and work like the human brain) to help researchers process images much more quickly. The application of SLEAP to plants has already enabled researchers to establish the most extensive catalog (目录) of plant root phenotypes to date. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. “Our cooperation is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira. “We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines-we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.” 32. What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to achieve? A. Keeping more carbon in plants. B. Optimizing the use of energy. C. Enhancing biological diversity. D. Reducing carbon absorption. 33. Why did Pereira create SLEAP? A. To generate plant images. B. To conduct research on animals C. To study climate patterns. D. To track features of root growth. 34. What will SLEAP help the scientists do? A. Pick out diseased plants in the forest. B. Collect samples of plant root systems. C. Identify genes for desirable plant roots. D. Preserve the genes of endangered plants. 35. What can be inferred from Pereira’s words? A. Academic disciplines are of equal importance. B. Computer programming is a must for scientists. C. Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity. D. Cooperation outweighs competition in research. 【答案】32. A 33. B 34.C 35.C 【解析】 主题：萨尔克研究所的科学家利用AI工具SLEAP优化植物根系，以增强其固碳能力，应对气候变化。 第32题 (细节理解)：根据第一段“...enhancing their root systems. This optimization aims to increase the amount of carbon stored...”可知，科学家的目标是让植物储存更多的碳。故选A。 第33题 (细节理解)：根据第二段“SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab.”可知，Pereira最初创造SLEAP是为了进行动物研究。故选B。 第34题 (细节理解)：根据第四段“...tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes associated with those characteristics... allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial...”可知，SLEAP能帮助科学家识别对理想根系有益的基因。故选C。 第35题 (推理判断)：Pereira在末段评价此次合作时强调，他们不是简单地“借用”不同学科，而是将它们“放在同等地位”以创造更大价值。这体现了跨学科方法（Interdisciplinary approach）对激发创造力的促进作用。故选C。 ( 1. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. 抓标志：at Salk Institute 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 Scientists；to absorb carbon dioxide 为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰 capacity；by enhancing their root systems 为介词短语作方式状语。 判类型：简单句。主语为 Scientists；谓语为 are making use of；宾语为 the natural capacity；of plants 和 to absorb carbon dioxide 共同修饰 capacity；by enhancing... 说明“通过什么方式”实现目标。 试翻译： 索尔克研究所的科学家们正通过增强植物的根系，来利用植物自然吸收二氧化碳的能力。 2. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes-how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. 抓标志：published in Plant Phenomics 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 study；破折号后的 how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become 为两个并列的宾语从句，作 phenotypes 的同位语/具体说明。 判类型：简单主从复合句。主句为 Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure；for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes 为介词短语作目的状语；破折号后内容具体解释 phenotypes 指什么（根系生长的深度、宽度、庞大程度等物理特征）。 试翻译： 在发表于《植物表型组学》的一项研究中，布施和佩雷拉建立了一套新流程，利用 SLEAP 分析植物根系表型——它们长得多深多宽、根系系统变得多庞大，以及其他物理特性。 3. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process. 抓标志：Prior to SLEAP 为介词短语作时间状语；tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals 为动名词短语作主语；that slowed the scientific process 为定语从句，修饰 labor。 判类型：主从复合句。主句为 tracking... required a lot of labor；that 引导定语从句修饰 labor，说明大量劳动拖慢了科学进程 。 试翻译： 在 SLEAP 出现之前，追踪植物和动物的物理特性需要大量人工劳动，这拖慢了科学进程。 ) ( ① carbon removal 碳清除 ② fight climate change 应对气候变化 ③ natural capacity 自然能力 ④ absorb carbon dioxide 吸收二氧化碳 ⑤ enhance root systems 增强根系 ⑥ optimize 优化 ⑦ increase the amount of carbon stored 增加碳储存量 ⑧ extend the duration of storage 延长储存时间 ⑨ research tool 研究工具 ⑩ track multiple features 追踪多项特征 ⑪ root growth 根系生长 ⑫ initially designed 最初设计 ⑬ team up with 与……合作 ⑭ apply to 应用于 ⑮ establish a new procedure 建立新流程 ⑯ plant root phenotypes 植物根系表型 ⑰ physical qualities 物理特性 ⑱ prior to 在……之前 ⑲ a lot of labor 大量人工劳动 ⑳ slow the scientific process 拖慢科学进程 ㉑ computer vision 计算机视觉 ㉒ deep learning 深度学习 ㉓ process images 处理图像 ㉔ the most extensive catalog 最广泛的目录 ㉕ to date 迄今为止 ㉖ be associated with 与……相关 ㉗ be determined by 由……决定 ) 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 308 主要讲述了华盛顿州立大学的昆虫学家大卫・詹姆斯（David James）致力于研究西海岸黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙模式，由于蝴蝶数量稀少难以追踪，后与监狱合作，让囚犯参与饲养并标记放飞蝴蝶，从而追踪到其迁徙路线，同时这项工作也对囚犯产生了积极影响。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 314 文章主要说明了北美山雀记忆力很强，以此来度过寒冷的月份。文章介绍了相关研究。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 351 文章讲述了光污染可能影响植物与昆虫间的重要互动，对自然区域和农业土地造成不良后果。 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 342 主要介绍了科学家研究发现，生病的蚂蚁蛹会释放特殊气味，让工蚁消灭自己以保护蚁群；蚁后蛹因免疫系统强大，无需发出此类信号、做出自我牺牲。 Passage5 阅读理解 说明文 330 文章主要讲述了科学家们通过基因工程改造斑马鱼和果蝇，使其能够将有毒的甲基汞转化为危害较小的元素汞，从而减少汞污染对食物链和环境的影响。 Passage6 语法填空 说明文 220 文章主要介绍了大米是世界上大部分人口最常见的食物，以及水稻的收割和干燥方式。 Passage7 完形填空 说明文 242 文章主要讲述了作者一次仰望星空时的深刻感悟与心灵触动。 Passage8 完形填空 记叙文 332 主要讲述作者童年家境拮据时，母亲带他们坐公交探索世界，创造温暖回忆的经历。 Passage9 语法填空 记叙文 231 本文介绍了观鸟这一原本被认为是老年人专属的爱好，近年来在年轻人中越来越流行。 Passage 1 （25-26高二下·湖北武汉·月考）For years, David James, who studies insects at Washington State University, had wanted to examine the migration (迁徙) patterns of West Coast monarch butterflies. The route the butterflies travel has been hardly known because the populations are too small to follow. For every 200 monarch butterflies tagged (打标签) by a researcher, only one is usually recovered at the end of its trip, James says, and finding even 200 in the wild to tag is unlikely. Knowing the route is vital to conservation efforts, but James had no way to figure it out — until he got a phone call from Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla. The prison was looking for new activities to improve the mental health of those serving longterm sentences. So James began working with prisoners to raise monarch butterflies through the whole process of their transformation. The adult insects were then tagged and released from the prison. Over five years, nearly 10, 000 monarch butterflies flew from the facility. Elsewhere in Washington, Oregon and Idaho, researchers released another few thousand.   The tags included email addresses, and soon after the first butterflies took off, James started receiving messages from people who had spotted them. The butterflies, the reports confirmed, wintered in coastal California. Twelve of them landed at Lighthouse Field State Beach in Santa Cruz. Several more headed to Bolinas and Morro Bay. The work helps researchers identify ideal places to plant milkweed and other vegetation that are important to the life cycle of West Coast monarch butterflies. It also brought out the gentler side of some of the prisoners. “They were very worried that they were going to harm the butterflies,” James says. Watching the monarch butterfly change their form also touched the men. “This butterfly changed,” James recalls prisoners telling him, “and maybe we can too.” 1. What was hard for David to do in his study? A. Gain financial support. B. Hire qualified workers. C. Build a new laboratory. D. Find enough monarch butterflies. 2. Why were the butterflies tagged before being released? A. To guarantee their safety. B. To enable them to fly longer distances. C. To track their travel routes. D. To distinguish them from other species. 3. What makes the prisoners feel that they can change? A. The patience the butterflies showed. B. The hardship the butterflies underwent. C. The transformation of the butterflies. D. The devotion of James to the butterflies. 4. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The impact of the research. B. The findings of James’ study. C. The release of the prisoners. D. The life cycle of the butterflies. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了华盛顿州立大学的昆虫学家大卫・詹姆斯（David James）致力于研究西海岸黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙模式，由于蝴蝶数量稀少难以追踪，后与监狱合作，让囚犯参与饲养并标记放飞蝴蝶，从而追踪到其迁徙路线，同时这项工作也对囚犯产生了积极影响。 1 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“The route the butterflies travel has been hardly known because the populations are too small to follow. For every 200 monarch butterflies tagged (打标签) by a researcher, only one is usually recovered at the end of its trip, James says, and finding even 200 in the wild to tag is unlikely(蝴蝶的迁徙路线几乎无人知晓，因为它们的数量太少，难以追踪。詹姆斯说，研究人员每标记200只黑脉金斑蝶，通常在它们的旅程结束时只能找回一只，而且在野外找到200只来标记都是不太可能的)”可知，在大卫的研究中，找到足够数量的黑脉金斑蝶来进行标记是很困难的。故选D项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Knowing the route is vital to conservation efforts, but James had no way to figure it out—until he got a phone call from Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla(了解迁徙路线对保护工作至关重要，但詹姆斯一直无法弄清楚——直到他接到了来自沃拉沃拉的华盛顿州立监狱的电话)”以及第三段“The tags included email addresses, and soon after the first butterflies took off, James started receiving messages from people who had spotted them. The butterflies, the reports confirmed, wintered in coastal California.(标签上有电子邮件地址，第一批蝴蝶起飞后不久，詹姆斯就开始收到发现它们的人发来的信息。报告证实，这些蝴蝶在加利福尼亚海岸过冬)”可知，蝴蝶在放生前被贴上了标签是为了能够追踪它们的飞行路线。故选C项。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Watching the monarch butterfly change their form also touched the men. “This butterfly changed,” James recalls prisoners telling him, “and maybe we can too.”(看着黑脉金斑蝶改变它们的形态也触动了这些囚犯。詹姆斯回忆起囚犯们告诉他：“这只蝴蝶改变了，也许我们也可以。”)可知，是黑脉金斑蝶从一种形态转变为另一种形态的过程，让囚犯们觉得自己也有可能像蝴蝶一样发生改变。故选C项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The work helps researchers identify ideal places to plant milkweed and other vegetation that are important to the life cycle of West Coast monarch butterflies. It also brought out the gentler side of some of the prisoners. “They were very worried that they were going to harm the butterflies,” James says. Watching the monarch butterfly change their form also touched the men. “This butterfly changed,” James recalls prisoners telling him, “and maybe we can too.”(这项工作帮助研究人员确定了种植马利筋和其他对西海岸黑脉金斑蝶生命周期很重要的植物的理想地点。它也展现出了一些囚犯较为温柔的一面。詹姆斯说：“他们非常担心会伤害到蝴蝶。” 看着黑脉金斑蝶改变形态也触动了这些人。詹姆斯回忆起囚犯们告诉他：“这只蝴蝶改变了，也许我们也可以)”可知，最后一段既提到了这项研究对于确定适合种植对蝴蝶重要植物的地点的帮助，又提到了对囚犯们产生的积极影响，展现了他们温柔的一面以及让他们觉得自己能够改变。可推理出这一段主要讲述的是这项研究带来的影响。故选A项。 Passage 2 （2025-2026学年高一上·河南·月考）Tiny, black-capped chickadees (北美山雀) have big memories. They store food in hundreds to thousands of different locations in the wild — and then comeback to these places when other food sources are low. Scientists have known that chickadees have incredible memory skills. That memory can be a matter of life or death for these birds when there are no enough food resources in colder months. Some researchers thought that neurons called place cells (细胞) would explain these birds’ ability to remember where their food is stored. These cells are known to include information about where things are in space. But recently，Selmaan Chettih and his team found that each time a chickadee hides a seed (种子) in a specific location, a unique brain pattern appears — separate from place cells To observe this, Chettih and his team created special areas with lots of feeders filled with sunflower seeds. They put small flaps (片状下垂物) where birds could hide seeds. The scientists tracked the activity in their brains. Each time a bird hid a seed under a flap, researchers saw a brief unique brain pattern appear—what they called the barcode. Different patterns appeared even if the birds hid many seeds in the same location. When the birds revisited these sites and retrieved the hidden seeds, the same barcode-like pattern appeared again, as though all the information about each location and seed were related to a unique brain pattern. The researchers compared these memories to episodic memories in humans, which are memories of specific events or personal experiences. They’re important to how humans connect time, people, places and sensory information together. Chettih says that this see chiding behavior has a clear pattern of activity, which may help researchers build a structure for how the brain creates and stores memories 1. Why are memory skills necessary for chickadees? A. Memory skills can help them survive in colder months. B. Memory skills show their intelligence and learning abilities. C. They need memory skills to identify different types of food. D. They use memory skills to avoid being attacked by other animals. 2. What did Chettih and his team find? A. Chickadees’ memories were controlled by place cells. B. Chickadees preferred hiding sunflower seeds. C. Unique brain patterns appeared when chickadees hid seeds. D. Chickadees often hid many seeds in the same location. 3. What does the underlined word “retrieved” mean in paragraph 5? A. Repaired. B. Regained. C. Decorated. D. Designed. 4. What is the purpose of the text? A. To introduce a study on chickadees’ memory. B. To present a detailed description of chickadees. C. To compare chickadees and human memory skills. D. To provide readers with a way to improve memory skills. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了北美山雀记忆力很强，以此来度过寒冷的月份。文章介绍了相关研究。 1.细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists have known that chickadees have incredible memory skills. That memory can be a matter of life or death for these birds when there are no enough food resources in colder months. (科学家们已经知道，山雀拥有令人难以置信的记忆力。当在寒冷的月份没有足够的食物资源时，这种记忆对这些鸟类来说可能是生死攸关的问题。)”可知，记忆技能对山雀来说是必要的是因为记忆力可以帮助他们在寒冷的月份生存。故选A。 2.细节理解题。根据第三段“But recently, Selmaan Chettih and his team found that each time a chickadee hides a seed (种子) in a specific location, a unique brain pattern appears—separate from place cells. (但最近，Selmaan Chettih和他的团队发现，每当山雀把种子藏在一个特定的位置时，一种独特的大脑模式就会出现——与位置细胞分开)”可知，Chettih和他的团队发现当山雀隐藏种子时，大脑出现了独特的模式。故选C。 3.词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“the birds revisited these sites and”以及后文“the hidden seeds”可知，这些鸟再次造访这些地点是为了拿回藏起来的种子。故划线词意思是“拿回”。故选B。 4.推理判断题。根据第二段“Scientists have known that chickadees have incredible memory skills. That memory can be a matter of life or death for these birds when there are no enough food resources in colder months. (科学家们已经知道，山雀拥有令人难以置信的记忆力。当在寒冷的月份没有足够的食物资源时，这种记忆对这些鸟类来说可能是生死攸关的问题。)”结合文章主要说明了北美山雀记忆力很强，以此来度过寒冷的月份。文章介绍了相关研究。可知，文章的目的是介绍一项关于山雀记忆的研究。故选A。 Passage 3 （2025-2026学年高一下·山东东营·月考）Pollination (授粉) is important for the reproduction of many plants. Some rely on the wind or water for pollination, but most depend on animals to serve as the pollinators. Insects like bees, moths, and beetles also serve as the pollinators, helping with this process. Unfortunately, the worldwide spread of light pollution may be affecting the important interactions (相互作用) between plants and insects, causing bad consequences for both natural areas and agricultural lands. A team of scientists in Switzerland recently studied how the complex interactions between plants and pollinators were affected by artificial light at night. By setting up several grasslands with LED street lamps, the scientists were able to compare the differences. Focusing on cabbage thistle, a type of plants, the researchers counted 62% fewer insect visits to the lit grasslands. They also noted 29% fewer pollinators than the ones in the uncontrolled lands, which resulted in 13% fewer fruits on the cabbage thistle plants they were studying. Based on the fact that there was reduced fruit production in the controlled lands, the scientists found that the pollinators who worked during the day were not able to make up for the reduced activity of the pollinators at night. Additionally, there seemed to be the potential for a very negative effect, because many of the plants some insects are helping to pollinate are the most important sources of food for them. Artificial light affects pollination, and thus fruit production, in two different, but connected ways, according to a scientist from California. Imagine a moth flying into a light at night — the first way is by misdirecting pollinators. The second way is by confusing the sense of time of plants. Besides, plants and insects respond to varying wavelengths of light differently. More research is needed to understand the complex interactions between plants, pollinators, and different types of light. “The annually increasing man made light improves humans’ life. It causes bad consequences for the environment, however. We can never base our life on the loss of the environment,” says Knop, lead author of the study. 1. According to the passage, the first paragraph is used to ________. A. put forward a problem B. present background information C. inform the purpose of the study D. introduce the subjects to be studied 2. According to the study, the plants under the artificial light ________. A. stopped bearing fruits in the end B. failed to be pollinated C. were visited by fewer insects D. were more attractive to pollinators 3. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. The starvation of insects. B. The loss of pollination. C. The reduced fruit production. D. The death of some plants. 4. What can we learn from Paragraph 6? A. Misdirected insects confuse plants’ sense of time. B. Pollination and fruit production are related in two ways. C. The different effects of varying light on pollination are clear. D. Artificial light affects plants’ pollination and sense of time. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章讲述了光污染可能影响植物与昆虫间的重要互动，对自然区域和农业土地造成不良后果。 1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Pollination (授粉) is important for the reproduction of many plants. Some rely on the wind or water for pollination, but most depend on animals to serve as the pollinators. Insects like bees, moths, and beetles also serve as the pollinators, helping with this process. (授粉对许多植物的繁殖都很重要。有些依靠风或水授粉，但大多数依靠动物作为传粉者。蜜蜂、飞蛾和甲虫等昆虫也作为传粉者，帮助这一过程。)”介绍的是授粉的相关情况，可知第一段用于介绍背景信息。故选B。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Focusing on cabbage thistle, a type of plants, the researchers counted 62% fewer insect visits to the lit grasslands. They also noted 29% fewer pollinators than the ones in the uncontrolled lands, which resulted in 13% fewer fruits on the cabbage thistle plants they were studying. (以白菜蓟这种植物为研究对象，研究人员发现，在点亮的草原上，昆虫的数量减少了62%。他们还注意到，与未受控制的土地相比，传粉者减少了29%，这导致他们研究的白菜蓟植物的果实减少了13%。)”可知，这项研究表明，在人工光照下的植物访问的昆虫较少。故选C。 3.词义猜测题。根据文章第五段“because many of the plants some insects are helping to pollinate are the most important sources of food for them. (因为对许多植物来说，一些帮助授粉的昆虫是它们最重要的食物来源。)”可知，植物是昆虫的重要的食物来源，所以这里的“消极影响”指的是“昆虫的饥饿”。故选A。 4.推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Artificial light affects pollination, and thus fruit production, in two different, but connected ways, according to a scientist from California. Imagine a moth flying into a light at night — the first way is by misdirecting pollinators. The second way is by confusing the sense of time of plants. (加利福尼亚的一位科学家表示，人造光以两种不同但相互关联的方式影响授粉，从而影响水果生产。想象一下，一只飞蛾在夜间飞向一盏灯——第一种方法是误导传粉者。第二种方法是混淆植物的时间感。)”可知，人造光影响植物的授粉和时间感。故选D。 Passage 4 （25-26高一下·山东济宁·月考）Sick young ants give off a smell to tell worker ants to destroy them to protect the group from infection (感染), but queens do not make this self-sacrifice (自我牺牲), scientists said Tuesday . Many animals hide illness for social reasons. Ant groups, however, act as one “super-organism” which works to ensure the survival of all, similar to how infected cells in our bodies send out a “find-me and eat-me” message, according to an Austria-led team of scientists. When adult worker ants fall ill, they leave the nest to die alone. Young ants, known as pupae, however, are trapped inside cocoons (蛹壳) and cannot keep their social distance. Scientists have found that dying pupae experience a chemical change that gives off a special smell. Adult worker ants then gather around, remove the cocoon, “bite holes in the pupae and put harmful and deadly matter into their body,” Dawson said. For the research, the scientists wanted to find out whether the pupae “were actively saying: ‘hey, come and kill me,’” Dawson said. First, the scientists collected the smell from the sick pupae of a black garden ant. When they applied the smell to a group of healthy younger ants in the lab, the workers still destroyed them. Another experiment showed sick pupae only produce the smell when workers are nearby, proving it an intentional destruction message. “While it is a sacrifice — a truly altruistic act — it’s also for their own good, for their kind will survive and continue on,” Dawson said. However, one member of the nest makes no such sacrifice. The team found sick queen pupae inside cocoons send out no smelly warning message. “Are they cheating the system?” Dawson said the team asked themselves. However, they found queen pupae have far stronger immune (免疫) systems and can fight infection alone, which is why they send no message. Dawson hopes future studies will explore whether queen pupae will sacrifice themselves if they fail to beat the infection. 1. Why does the author mention the “find-me and eat-me” message? A. To contrast disease answers in insects and humans. B. To explain the self-sacrifice message system of the ants. C. To show how ants carry out social distancing in the nest. D. To describe the means scientists used in their experiment. 2. What does the word “altruistic” in Paragraph 4 most nearly mean? A. Driven by self-preservation habits. B. Controlled by inborn programming. C. Caused by outer chemical messages. D. Performed with a concern for the welfare of others. 3. Why don’t queen pupae send out the warning message? A. They have better immune defenses against infection. B. They use a biological method to avoid being found. C. They put off messaging until the infection progresses. D. They depend on specialized protective systems. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Different ant species show various sacrifice behaviors. B. Sick young ants send messages asking for treatment. C. Queen ants refuse to message and break away from sacrifice. D. Sick young ants invite destruction to save the ant group. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家研究发现，生病的蚂蚁蛹会释放特殊气味，让工蚁消灭自己以保护蚁群；蚁后蛹因免疫系统强大，无需发出此类信号、做出自我牺牲。 1.推理判断题。根据第二段“Many animals hide illness for social reasons. Ant groups, however, act as one “super-organism” which works to ensure the survival of all, similar to how infected cells in our bodies send out a “find-me and eat-me” message, according to an Austria-led team of scientists.( 许多动物会出于社交原因隐藏自身的疾病。然而，蚁群却作为一个“超级生物体”协同行动，旨在确保所有成员的生存，这与我们体内受感染的细胞发出“找我并吃掉我”的信号的方式类似，据一个由奥地利科学家领导的研究团队所言。)”可知，第二段将蚂蚁群体比作“超级生物体”，提及人体感染细胞的“找我并吃掉我”信号，是为类比解释蚂蚁生病后发出信号、自我牺牲的机制。故选B项。 2.词句猜测题。根据划线单词句中“While it is a sacrifice — a truly… act — it’s also for their own good, for their kind will survive and continue on.( 虽然这是一种牺牲行为——一种真正……的举动——但这也是为了它们自身的利益，因为它们的同类能够存活并继续繁衍下去。)”由此可知，这是一种真正无私的举动，故可猜测altruistic意为“利他的、为他人利益的”，和D选项Performed with a concern for the welfare of others.“为了他人的利益而行动”意思相近。故选D项。 3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, they found queen pupae have far stronger immune (免疫) systems and can fight infection alone, which is why they send no message.( 他们发现，蚁后蛹的免疫系统要强大得多，能够独自对抗感染，这就是它们不发出信号的原因。)”可知，蚁后蛹不会发出警报信息是因为它们拥有更强的抗感染免疫力。故选A项。 4.主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Sick young ants give off a smell to tell worker ants to destroy them to protect the group from infection (感染), but queens do not make this self-sacrifice (自我牺牲), scientists said Tuesday .( 科学家周二表示，生病的幼蚁会发出一种气味，告诉工蚁消灭它们，以保护蚁群不受感染，但蚁后不会做出这种自我牺牲。)”可知，全文核心为生病的幼蚁（蛹）会释放气味，主动让工蚁消灭自己，以此保护蚁群免受感染，蚁后蛹则因免疫力强无需如此。由此可知，这篇文章的最佳标题是“患病的幼蚁主动寻求毁灭以拯救蚁群”。故选D项。 Passage 5 （25-26高二上·安徽·阶段测试）For decades mercury (汞) has been settling into lakes and oceans, where it turns into methylmercury — a poisonous substance that sticks to fish and everything that eats them, humans included. Methylmercury poisoning, which can damage the nervous system, “always seemed like such a difficult thing to deal with,” says Kate Tepper, a postdoctoral researcher at Australia’s Macquarie University. To try to solve this problem, Tepper and her colleagues genetically engineered zebra fish and fruit flies so that the organisms can change methylmercury into the less harmful elemental mercury, which leaves the body as a gas. The researchers injected zebra fish and fruit fly embryos (胚胎) with Escherichia coli (大肠杆菌) genes that produce a conversion enzyme (转化酶). As the scientists report in Nature Communications, the modified zebra fish contained 64 percent less mercury than unmodified ones, and the fruit flies had 83 percent less. Tepper says that the small, mercury-resistant fish could serve as a self-purifying foundation for the food chain, protecting larger fish, birds and humans that eat them. Modified insects, meanwhile, could remove mercury from the environment by eating waste. Robert Mason, a marine scientist at the University of Connecticut, says modified animals might reduce methylmercury buildup locally. However, he sees a limitation: even for small-scale cleanups, elemental mercury can change back into methylmercury once it is released into the atmosphere. Tepper thinks the modified zebra fish would ideally be introduced at highly polluted sites. First, though, the researchers need to make sure the modified fish are safe. Tepper proposes eventual field trials in small lakes so that scientists can test for unintended ecological effects in a controlled setting. Such trials are years away. However, Tepper believes someday, we could use similar methods to clean up other pollutants, like microplastics and chemicals.” This shows we can use animals to clean up pollution,” she says. “Potentially we could use this for a lot of pollutants.” 1．What does the author intend to show through paragraph 1? A．The worldwide mercury pollution problem. B．The difficulty in detecting mercury in water. C．The motivation behind dealing with mercury pollution. D．The important discovery of methylmercury poisoning. 2．What can we learn about the genetically modified zebra fish? A．They can reduce mercury in the food chain. B．They can produce more conversion enzymes. C．They are more useful than modified fruit flies. D．They are more attractive to animals that eat them. 3．What does Robert Mason say about the genetically modified animals? A．They might bring about more harm than good. B．They might not do much to cut mercury pollution. C．They are more cost-effective than existing methods. D．They should be put to good use immediately. 4．How does Tepper feel about their new way to remove mercury in water? A．Negative. B．Worried. C．Confused. D．Optimistic. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家们通过基因工程改造斑马鱼和果蝇，使其能够将有毒的甲基汞转化为危害较小的元素汞，从而减少汞污染对食物链和环境的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Methylmercury poisoning, which can damage the nervous system, “always seemed like such a difficult thing to deal with,” says Kate Tepper, a postdoctoral researcher at Australia’s Macquarie University. (澳大利亚麦考瑞大学的博士后研究员Kate Tepper说，甲基汞中毒会损害神经系统，“这似乎总是件很难处理的事情”。)”可知，第一段主要讲述了甲基汞中毒的危害以及处理它的困难，这为后文介绍科学家们通过基因工程改造生物来处理汞污染提供了动机，即处理汞污染的动机。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Tepper says that the small, mercury-resistant fish could serve as a self-purifying foundation for the food chain, protecting larger fish, birds and humans that eat them. (Tepper说，这种体型小、抗汞的鱼可以作为食物链的自我净化基础，保护吃它们的大型鱼类、鸟类和人类。)”可知，基因改造的斑马鱼可以减少食物链中的汞。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Robert Mason, a marine scientist at the University of Connecticut, says modified animals might reduce methylmercury buildup locally. However, he sees a limitation: even for small-scale cleanups, elemental mercury can change back into methylmercury once it is released into the atmosphere. (康涅狄格大学的海洋科学家Robert Mason说，改造后的动物可能会在当地减少甲基汞的积累。然而，他看到了一个限制：即使是小规模的清理，一旦元素汞释放到大气中，它也会变回甲基汞。)”可知，Robert Mason认为基因改造的动物可能对减少汞污染没有多大作用。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, Tepper believes someday, we could use similar methods to clean up other pollutants, like microplastics and chemicals. “This shows we can use animals to clean up pollution,” she says. “Potentially we could use this for a lot of pollutants.” (然而，Tepper相信有一天，我们可以使用类似的方法来清理其他污染物，比如微塑料和化学物质。“这表明我们可以用动物来清理污染，”她说。“我们有可能用这种方法来处理很多污染物。”)”可知，Tepper对他们去除水中汞的新方法持乐观的态度。故选D。 Passage 6 （25-26高二上·湖北随州·月考）阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Rice is the most common food for a large part of the world’s human population. Its biological cycle ____1____ (range) from about 95 days to around 250 days. It’s important to harvest rice crops on time. If we harvest too early, the ____2____ (collect) grains will not be fully grown. When crops are harvested late, grains will fall onto the ground, leading to heavy losses. As ____3____ general rule, the harvest may begin only when grains have a golden color. Harvesting can take place manually (手动地) or mechanically. In manual harvesting, farmers collect rice plants ____4____ (use) sharp knives. Then, they carefully remove the grains. Mechanical harvesting can be done with machines that combine all the ____5____ (function), such as cutting and threshing (脱粒). After harvesting, rice seeds contain a lot of moisture (水分). ____6____ (normal), farmers dry the grains out before storage ____7____ (prevent) them from going bad. There are mainly two approaches to making grains dry—the traditional method and the mechanical one. Because of its low and almost zero cost, the traditional drying method ____8____ (prefer) in plenty of countries. Farmers spread the grains over places ____9____ it’s easy for them to receive sunlight. The mechanical drying method uses different types of dryers to remove water _____10_____ grains. 【答案】1. ranges 2. collected 3. a 4. using 5. functions 6. Normally 7. to prevent 8. is preferred 9. where 10. from 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大米是世界上大部分人口最常见的食物，以及水稻的收割和干燥方式。 1.考查时态。句意：其生物周期约为95天至250天左右。句子陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为cycle，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填ranges。 2.考查非谓语动词。句意：如果我们收割得太早，收获的谷物就会长不好。collect与逻辑主语grains之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式collected作定语，故填collected。 3.考查冠词。句意：一般来说，只有当谷物呈金黄色时，才能开始收获。短语as a general rule表示“一般来说”。故填a。 4.考查非谓语动词。句意：在手工收割中，农民用锋利的刀收割水稻。此处use与逻辑主语farmers构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填using。 5.考查名词的数。句意：机械收获可以用集所有功能于一体的机器来完成，比如切割和脱粒。根据后文such as cutting and threshing可知，此处表示不止一个功能，名词应用复数形式。故填functions。 6.考查副词。句意：通常情况下，农民在储藏前会把谷物晒干，以防止它们变质。修饰后文句子应用副词normally，作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Normally。 7.考查非谓语动词。句意：通常情况下，农民在储藏前会把谷物晒干，以防止它们变质。空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式形式。故填to prevent。 8.考查时态语态。句意：由于其低成本和几乎为零的成本，传统的干燥方法在许多国家是首选。主语method与谓语prefer构成被动关系，且句子陈述事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是the traditional drying method，be动词使用is。故填is preferred。 9.考查定语从句。句意：农民们把谷物撒在容易接受阳光的地方。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词places，关系词在从句作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。 10.考查介词。句意：机械干燥法使用不同类型的干燥器去除谷物中的水分。短语remove…from…表示“去除”。故填from。 Passage 7 （25-26高一下·湖南邵阳·月考）Back in my boyhood, I rarely raised my eyes to the stars. During the summer ____1____, I preferred reading a book or watching television to being ____2____. As I got older, I ____3____ to look up into the night sky more often, yet the city’s thick veil (遮盖物) of pollution kept the stars ____4____ from us night after night. One summer night, I was driving along a silent road to ____5____ my daughter from her countryside holiday. It was a clear sky that night. As I ____6____ the car and stepped outside, the scenery took my ____7____ away. The sky was filled with innumerable twinkling ____8____. The stars winked at me playfully as though ____9____ secret greetings. Looking up at the ____10____ galaxy (银河系), the summer breeze lifted my ____11____. I felt the Creator’s touch in my heart — the same hand that ____12____ these countless stars. At that moment, under the huge night sky full of stars, I felt both small, like a ____13____ dot in space — and also very big, as if I could reach out and ____14____ the stars. Each of these stars was a diamond — though millions of miles away, their light still reached my eyes. I ____15____ that I was a part of nature’s creation. I felt connected to everything. Nature reveals itself only as deeply as I embrace (拥抱) the art of living. 1. A. moments B. mornings C. afternoons D. evenings 2. A. around B. outside C. back D. away 3. A. stopped B. continued C. began D. planned 4. A. hidden B. faded C. shone D. missed 5. A. check on B. pick up C. look for D. show around 6. A. started B. moved C. repaired D. parked 7. A. brain B. breath C. sight D. favour 8. A. stars B. satellites C. kites D. lanterns 9. A. singing B. writing C. whispering D. gesturing 10. A. disappearing B. cold C. bright D. vivid 11. A. impressions B. memories C. fortunes D. spirits 12. A. collected B. created C. counted D. donated 13. A. tiny B. clear C. distant D. colorful 14. A. touch B. weigh C. cover D. watch 15. A. admitted B. denied C. realized D. doubted 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次仰望星空时的深刻感悟与心灵触动。 1.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在夏天的夜晚，我更喜欢读书或看电视，而不是待在外面。A. moments时刻；B. mornings早晨；C. afternoons下午；D. evenings晚上。根据上文“I rarely raised my eyes to the stars”可知，此处回忆作者小时候，作者很少抬头看星星，此处应是描述夜晚作者的活动，故选D。 2.考查副词词义辨析。句意：在夏天的夜晚，我更喜欢读书或看电视，而不是待在外面。A. around周围；B. outside外面；C. back后面；D. away离开。根据上文“I rarely raised my eyes to the stars”以及“I preferred reading a book or watching television to being”可知，作者不喜欢待在外面，而是喜欢在室内读书或看电视，故选B。 3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，我开始更频繁地仰望夜空。A. stopped停止；B. continued继续；C. began开始；D. planned计划。根据上文“rarely raised my eyes to the stars”以及下文“look up into the night sky more often”可知，作者以前很少抬头看星星，现在开始更频繁地仰望夜空，故选C。 4.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，城市浓厚的污染遮盖物夜复一夜地把星星隐藏起来。A. hidden隐藏；B. faded褪色；C. shone发光；D. missed错过。根据上文“the city’s thick veil (遮盖物) of pollution”可知，污染遮挡了天空，导致星星看不见，即被隐藏，故选A。 5.考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个夏夜，我开车沿着一条寂静的路去接从乡下度假回来的女儿。A. check on检查；B. pick up接；C. look for寻找；D. show around带领参观。根据下文“my daughter from her countryside holiday”可知，作者是去接女儿，故选B。 6.考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我停下车并走出车外时，景色让我惊叹不已。A. started开始；B. moved移动；C. repaired修理；D. parked停车。根据下文“stepped outside”可知，作者停下了车，故选D。 7.考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我停下车并走出车外时，景色让我惊叹不已。A. brain大脑；B. breath呼吸；C. sight视线；D. favour偏爱。根据上文“the scenery took my”和下文“The sky was filled with innumerable twinkling”可知，作者被眼前的景色所吸引，take one’s breath away为固定短语，意为“使某人惊叹不已”，故选B。 8.考查名词词义辨析。句意：天空中布满了无数闪烁的星星。A. stars星星；B. satellites卫星；C. kites风筝；D. lanterns灯笼。根据上文“The sky was filled with innumerable twinkling”和下文“The stars winked at me playfully”可知，作者看到的是星星，故选A。 9.考查动词词义辨析。句意：星星顽皮地向我眨眼，仿佛在低声说着秘密的问候。A. singing唱歌；B. writing写；C. whispering低语；D. gesturing做手势。根据下文“secret greetings”可知，星星说着秘密的问候，应是低声说，故选C。 10.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：仰望明亮的银河系，夏日的微风拂过我的精神。A. disappearing消失的；B. cold寒冷的；C. bright明亮的；D. vivid生动的。根据上文“The sky was filled with innumerable twinkling stars”可知，天空布满了星星，银河系看起来很明亮，故选C。 11.考查名词词义辨析。句意：仰望明亮的银河系，夏日微风振奋了我的精神。A. impressions印象；B. memories记忆；C. fortunes运气；D. spirits精神。根据上文“the summer breeze lifted my”可知，微风使得作者精神振奋，使其感到愉悦，lift one’s spirits为固定搭配，意为“使某人精神振奋”。故选D。 12.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感受到了创造者在我心中的触摸——正是那双手创造了这些数不清的星星。A. collected收集；B. created创造；C. counted数；D. donated捐赠。根据上文“I felt the Creator’s touch in my heart”以及下文“these countless stars”可知，作者认为这些星星是创造者创造的，故选B。 13.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，在布满星星的巨大夜空下，我感到自己很渺小，就像太空中的一个微小点——同时也感到自己很伟大，仿佛我可以伸出手去触摸星星。A. tiny微小的；B. clear清晰的；C. distant遥远的；D. colorful多彩的。根据下文“dot in space”可知，作者感到自己就像太空中的一个微小点，很渺小，故选A。 14.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，在布满星星的巨大夜空下，我感到自己很渺小，就像太空中的一个微小点——同时也感到自己很伟大，仿佛我可以伸出手去触摸星星。A. touch触摸；B. weigh称重；C. cover覆盖；D. watch观看。根据上文“as if I could reach out”以及下文“the stars”可知，作者感到自己仿佛可以伸出手去触摸星星，故选A。 15.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我意识到我是大自然创造的一部分。A. admitted承认；B. denied否认；C. realized意识到；D. doubted怀疑。根据下文“I was a part of nature’s creation”可知，作者意识到自己是大自然创造的一部分，故选C。 Passage 8 （25-26高一下·湖北·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 We began the bus trips when I was around seven years old. Back then, we lived at our grandparents’ house in Oceanside, California. Money was 1 since my father had retired from the Air Force and had yet to find steady (稳定的) 2 . In addition, we were struggling to find an affordable place to call our own. I suppose it would have been easy to 3 frustration (沮丧). But my mom had other ideas, using the situation to give my brother Jess and me 4 memories that would affect our mindset forever. As it was, once or twice a week, my mom would 5 Jess and me to the nearest bus stop, and from there we would go on to “see the world”. The public 6 system around the area was very convenient. For a very low fee, it was possible to buy a 7 that allowed riders to jump aboard all the buses they wanted throughout the whole day. Among our often-visited points of interest was the mall in Carlsbad. We would window-shop at the mall. We weren’t there to 8 . Our goal was to enjoy the sights and do some people-watching, too. On other 9 , we would take the bus all the way to Strand Beach, where we collected sand dollars and shells for 10 . We would watch ships sail past in the distance and often heard helicopters or other aircraft soar overhead on their way to the naval base at Camp Pendleton. I was grateful to my mom for making that 11 period so much fun and putting in us an enthusiasm in admiring a world that was ours without having to really 12 anything. And she showed us no matter where we were, and what we were going through, there was something we could 13 about somewhere. 14 , my father got a steady job at the DMV, and we 15 a nice home in the countryside. 1．A．easy B．smart C．tight D．enough 2．A．accommodation B．support C．economy D．employment 3．A．put up with B．give in to C．get away from D．look back on 4．A．warm B．moving C．childish D．sad 5．A．follow B．lead C．drive D．invite 6．A．destination B．transportation C．tourism D．education 7．A．map B．ticket C．passport D．note 8．A．tour B．hurry C．stay D．buy 9．A．events B．sports C．journeys D．courses 10．A．gifts B．awards C．tools D．medals 11．A．long B．boring C．uncertain D．difficult 12．A．improve B．challenge C．pay D．exchange 13．A．worry B．forget C．talk D．smile 14．A．Finally B．Obviously C．Officially D．Amazingly 15．A．found B．admired C．visited D．reached 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者童年家境拮据时，母亲带他们坐公交探索世界，创造温暖回忆的经历。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那时家里经济拮据，因为父亲从空军退役后还没找到稳定的工作。A. easy容易的；B. smart聪明的；C. tight拮据的；D. enough足够的。根据后文“my father had retired from the Air Force and had yet to find steady employment”以及“struggling to find an affordable place”可知，家里的经济状况很紧张，“money is tight”为固定表达，意为“经济拮据”。故选C项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时家里经济拮据，因为父亲从空军退役后还没找到稳定的工作。A. accommodation住处；B. support支持；C. economy经济；D. employment工作。根据前文“my father had retired from the Air Force”可知，父亲退役后需要找一份稳定的工作来维持家用。故选D项。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想，人很容易陷入沮丧的情绪。A. put up with忍受；B. give in to屈服于、陷入；C. get away from摆脱；D. look back on回顾。根据前文家里经济困难的背景以及后文“But my mom had other ideas”的转折可知，这种处境下人们很容易被沮丧情绪打败，“give in to frustration”意为“陷入沮丧”。故选B项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但母亲却另有想法，她利用这种处境，给我和弟弟杰斯留下了温暖的回忆，这些回忆永远影响着我们的心态。A. warm温暖的；B. moving感人的；C. childish孩子气的；D. sad悲伤的。根据后文母亲带他们坐公交看世界的经历可知，这些回忆是充满温情的。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，母亲每周都会带我和杰斯去一两次最近的公交车站，从那里我们出发去“看世界”。A. follow跟随；B. lead带领；C. drive驾驶；D. invite邀请。根据后文“to the nearest bus stop, and from there we would go on to “see the world””可知，是母亲带领孩子们去公交站。故选B项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个地区的公共交通系统非常便利。A. destination目的地；B. transportation交通；C. tourism旅游；D. education教育。根据前文“bus stop”以及“buses”可知，此处指的是公共交通系统，“public transportation system”为固定搭配。故选B项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：花很少的钱，就能买到一张全天票，持票人可以全天随意乘坐所有公交车。A. map地图；B. ticket票；C. passport护照；D. note笔记。根据后文“allowed riders to jump aboard all the buses they wanted throughout the whole day”可知，这里指的是公交全天票。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们去那里不是为了购物。A. tour游览；B. hurry匆忙；C. stay停留；D. buy购买。根据前文“We would window-shop at the mall”可知，他们只是逛商场看橱窗，并不是为了买东西。故选D项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在其他的行程中，我们会坐公交车一直到斯特兰德海滩，在那里收集沙币和贝壳作为礼物。A. events事件；B. sports运动；C. journeys行程、旅程；D. courses课程。根据前文他们坐公交去商场的行程可知，此处指其他的出行旅程。故选C项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在其他的行程中，我们会坐公交车一直到斯特兰德海滩，在那里收集沙币和贝壳作为礼物。A. gifts礼物；B. awards奖品；C. tools工具；D. medals奖牌。根据前文“collected sand dollars and shells”可知，收集这些东西是作为游玩的收获，可当作小礼物。故选A项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激母亲，她让那段艰难的时光变得如此有趣，让我们满怀热情地去欣赏这个属于我们的世界，而且不必为此付出什么代价。A. long长的；B. boring无聊的；C. uncertain不确定的；D. difficult艰难的。根据前文“Money was _______ since my father had retired from the Air Force and had yet to find steady _______ . In addition, we were struggling to find an affordable place to call our own.”家里经济拮据的背景可知，那段时光是很艰难的。故选D项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很感激母亲，她让那段艰难的时光变得如此有趣，让我们满怀热情地去欣赏这个属于我们的世界，而且不必为此付出什么代价。A. improve改善；B. challenge挑战；C. pay付费；D. exchange交换。根据前文“For a very low fee”以及他们只是逛商场、去海滩可知，他们不需要花费很多钱就能欣赏世界。故选C项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她还让我们明白，无论我们身在何处，经历着什么，总有某个地方的某件事能让我们展露笑颜。A. worry担心；B. forget忘记；C. talk谈论；D. smile微笑。根据前文“But my mom had other ideas, using the situation to give my brother Jess and me_______ memories that would affect our mindset forever.”母亲带他们创造快乐回忆的内容可知，无论处境如何，都能找到让人开心的事情。故选D项。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，父亲在机动车管理局找到了一份稳定的工作，我们在乡下找到了一栋不错的房子。A. Finally最终；B. Obviously显然；C. Officially正式地；D. Amazingly令人惊讶地。根据前文父亲一直没找到稳定工作的背景以及后文“my father got a steady job at the DMV”可知，这里指最终的结果。故选A项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，父亲在机动车管理局找到了一份稳定的工作，我们在乡下找到了一栋不错的房子。A. found找到；B. admired钦佩；C. visited拜访；D. reached到达。根据前文“struggling to find an affordable place to call our own”可知，他们终于找到了属于自己的家。故选A项。 Passage 9 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。 （25-26高一下·湖南武冈·阶段练习）Birdwatching, once regarded as a hobby mainly for the elderly, ____1____ (gain) increasing popularity among young people in recent years. Thanks to the influence of celebrities and a rising interest in nature, this peaceful outdoor activity could ____2____ (enjoy) by people of all ages across the country. Local authorities have also made full use of this popularity ____3____ (support) wildlife conservation. Ai Yakang, a wildlife enthusiast, drew widespread attention online. His posts, ____4____ (feature) beautiful photos of birds, received millions of ____5____ (like) and showed how birdwatching has become a healthy way to get close to nature and relax our busy minds. Walking softly in green parks or quiet wetlands, birdwatchers try to find lovely birds without affecting their natural life. This hobby not only connects them with ____6____ wide variety of birds but also helps improve their patience and focus, two qualities that are ____7____ (benefit) in daily life. A birdwatcher writes: “When I watch birds flying and singing freely in the sky, I feel my stress slowly disappear. I come to realize how important it is to protect the peaceful habitats ____8____ birds live.” Many birdwatchers keep diaries to record their ____9____ (observe), which provides valuable information for nature scientists. Indeed, birdwatching is suitable for everyone, from children to adults, because it is a simple hobby which teaches us to slow down ____10____ brings joy and peace to life. 【答案】1. has gained 2. be enjoyed 3. to support 4. featuring 5. likes 6. a 7. beneficial 8. where 9. observations##observation 10. and 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了观鸟这一原本被认为是老年人专属的爱好，近年来在年轻人中越来越流行。 1.考查动词时态。句意：观鸟，这一曾被视为主要属于老年人的爱好，近年来在年轻人中越来越受欢迎。根据时间状语in recent years可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为Birdwatching，助动词用has。故填has gained。 2.考查动词语态。句意：得益于名人的影响以及人们对自然日益增长的兴趣，这项安静的户外活动可以被全国各个年龄段的人所喜爱。could为情态动词，后面接动词原形，enjoy与this peaceful outdoor activity是被动关系，使用被动语态。故填be enjoyed。 3.考查非谓语动词。句意：当地政府也充分利用了这种受欢迎程度来支持野生动物保护。空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to support。 4.考查非谓语动词。句意：他的帖子以美丽的鸟类照片为特色，获得了数百万个赞，并展示了观鸟是如何成为一种接近自然、放松忙碌心灵的健康方式。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词posts，posts和feature为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填featuring。 5.考查名词。句意同上。million修饰可数名词复数形式，likes意为“点赞”，是可数名词。故填likes。 6.考查冠词。句意：这项爱好不仅让他们接触到种类繁多的鸟类，还有助于培养耐心和专注力——这两种品质在日常生活中十分有益。a wide variety of为固定短语，意为“多种多样的”。故填a。 7.考查形容词。句意同上。空处需填形容词作表语，beneficial意为“有益的”。故填beneficial。 8.考查定语从句。句意：我逐渐意识到，保护鸟类赖以生存的宁静栖息地是多么重要。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词habitats在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 9.考查名词。句意：许多观鸟者写日记来记录他们的观察，这为自然科学家提供了有价值的信息。空处作record的宾语，应用名词，observation意为“观察”，既可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，此处既可以用复数形式，也可以用单数形式。故填observations/observation。 10.考查连词。句意：事实上，观鸟适合每个人，从孩子到成年人，因为它是一个简单的爱好，它教会我们放慢脚步，给生活带来快乐和平静。teaches us to slow down和brings joy and peace to life为并列关系，需用连词and连接。故填and。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 1 / 29 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $