内容正文:
人教英语九下Unit1语法讲解及习题:简单句、并列句、复合句
一、语法核心知识点详解
(一)三种句子基础定义
本单元核心语法:简单句 (simple sentence)、并列句 (compound sentence)、复合句 (complex sentence)
1. 简单句 Simple Sentence
(1)构成规则
一套主谓结构(仅有 1 组主语 + 谓语,不含从句,无并列连词连接独立分句)
(2)五大基础句型(单元节日话题例句)
① S+V 主谓:People celebrate.(人们庆祝节日。)
② S+V+O 主谓宾:We enjoy mooncakes.(我们品尝月饼。)
③ S+V+IO+DO 主谓双宾:Grandma gives me red lanterns.(奶奶送给我红灯笼。)
④ S+V+O+C 主谓宾补:We call it the Spring Festival.(我们把它叫作春节。)
⑤ S+Link.V+P 主系表:The festival is warm.(这个节日充满温情。)
(3)判定关键
无 and/but/so 等并列连词连接两套完整独立主谓分句,无 when/if/that/although 等从句引导词;同一主语后由 and 连接并列谓语,仍属于单套主谓,为简单句。
2. 并列句 Compound Sentence
(1)构成规则
两套及以上完整简单句(每套分句均有独立主语 + 谓语,可单独成句)+ 并列连词;分句地位平等,均可独立成句。
(2)课本核心并列连词表
连词
含义
逻辑关系
例句
and
并且、和
顺承 / 并列
We paste couplets, and we watch fireworks.(我们贴春联,还观赏烟花。)
but
但是
转折
I love the parade, but it is too noisy.(我很喜欢游行,但是太吵闹了。)
so
所以
因果
It’s Mid-Autumn Festival, so we eat mooncakes.(到中秋节了,所以我们吃月饼。)
(3)判定关键
句子由 and/but/so/or 连接两组拥有各自独立主语的完整主谓结构。
3. 复合句 Complex Sentence
(1)构成规则
主句(完整主谓) + 从句(引导词 + 主谓,无法单独成句),存在主次关系。
(2)本单元两类从句引导词
① 宾语从句引导词:that /if/whom/what(常用搭配 I wonder 后接宾语从句)
・I wonder if you like the Dragon Boat Festival.(我想知道你是否喜欢端午节。)
② 状语从句引导词:when /although/as
・When the New Year comes, we set off fireworks.(新年到来时,我们燃放烟花。)
・Although it rains, we still celebrate the festival.(虽然下雨,我们依旧过节。)
(3)判定关键
包含 when/if/although/whom/that 等引导词,同时具备主句、附属从句两套主谓。
(二) 连词专项精讲(4b 词汇:when, but, whom, as, if)
1. when
连词,引导时间状语从句,含义 “当…… 的时候”
例句:When we gather together, we share festival stories.
2. but
并列连词,表转折 “但是”,仅用于连接并列句(连接两套独立主谓分句)
例句:I want to join the carnival, but I missed the bus.
3. whom
关系代词,指代人,在从句内作宾语(多用于宾语从句),只能作宾语、不可作主语。
例句:I don’t know whom you will invite to the festival party.
4. as
连词,可引导时间 / 原因状语从句,含义 “当……;因为”
例句:As the clock counts down, we cheer for the new year.
5. if
连词两种用法:
(1)宾语从句:译为 “是否”
I ask if she will come to the lantern show.
(2)条件状语从句:译为 “如果”
If you come early, you can see the parade.
(三)三种句子快速区分技巧
1. 只存在 1 套主谓结构(同一主语搭配多个并列谓语,仍为一套主谓) → 简单句
2. 2 套完整独立主谓分句,由 and/but/so/or 连接 → 并列句
3. 2 套主谓,由 when/if/although/that/whom 等引导词连接,有主从之分 → 复合句
二、专项练习题
(一)题型一:判断句子类型(简单 / 并列 / 复合句)
要求:括号内填写 simple /compound/complex
1. We eat dumplings on New Year’s Eve. (__________)
2. The lanterns are beautiful, and kids love them. (__________)
3. I wonder when the Mid-Autumn Festival comes. (__________)
4. It snows, but we still hold the celebration. (__________)
5. When the clock strikes twelve, we set off fireworks. (__________)
6. My mom makes sweet rice balls every year. (__________)
7. Although the festival is old, it is still popular. (__________)
8. We gather together and share delicious food. (__________)
(二)题型二:选词填空(词框:when, but, whom, as, if)
1. I felt excited____________I watched the big parade.
2. I planned to join the carnival,____________I missed the bus.
3. Do you know____________we will invite to the festival party?
4. __________ you go all out to prepare the show, you won’t regret it.
5. We chatted happily____________we waited for midnight.
6. I wonder____________the princess will come to the costume party.
7. He likes traditional festivals,____________his sister prefers foreign ones.
(三)题型三:按要求改写句子
1. 简单句合并为并列句(用 but)
原句:I like mooncakes. I don’t like sweet ones.
改写:_____________________________________________________________________
2. 简单句合并为复合句(when 引导)
原句:People count down. The new year arrives.
改写:_____________________________________________________________________
3. 两句合并为复合句(if 引导宾语从句)
原句:Will you join the lantern show? I want to know.
改写:_____________________________________________________________________
4. 将并列句拆分为两个简单句
原句:We paste couplets and we watch fireworks.
①_____________________________________________________________
②_____________________________________________________________
5. 将复合句拆分为两个简单句
原句:Although it is cold, we go out to watch lanterns.
①_____________________________________________________________
②_____________________________________________________________
6. 用 as 改写句子
原句:We cheered. The countdown finished.
改写:_____________________________________________________________________
(四)题型四:单项选择
1. __________ we finish dinner, we will watch the Spring Festival Gala.
A. But B. When C. Whom
2. I wonder____________girl won the costume competition.
A. whom B. but C. if
3. The festival is fun,____________it lasts only one day.
A. but B. when C. as
4. __________ you prepare well, you will enjoy the carnival.
A. If B. But C. Whom
5. We make zongzi,____________we eat them on Dragon Boat Festival.
A. but B. and C. when
6. Although it rains,____________we still celebrate the festival.
A. but B. / C. if
(五)题型五:短文填空 + 句子类型统计
阅读短文,用词框 when /but/if/as/whom 填空,最后统计三种句子数量
短文填空:
1. __________ the Lunar New Year comes, all families reunite.
2. I love making dumplings,____________I am not good at it.
3. I don’t know____________will come to our family dinner.
4. __________ you come early, you can help us paste red couplets.
5. We laugh loudly____________we wait for the midnight bell.
句子统计:Simple sentences: Compound sentences: Complex sentences:
三、参考答案与详细解析
(一)题型一 判断句子类型 答案 + 解析
1. simple
解析:仅有一套主谓 We eat,无任何连词,属于简单句。
2. compound
解析:存在两套独立主谓(The lanterns are /kids love),由并列连词 and 连接,属于并列句。
3. complex
解析:主句 I wonder 搭配 when 引导的宾语从句,为主从复合句。
4. compound
解析:两套独立主谓,转折连词 but 连接,属于并列句。
5. complex
解析:when 引导时间状语从句,搭配主句,为主从复合句。
6. simple
解析:仅一套主谓 My mom makes,无连词,简单句。
7. complex
解析:although 引导让步状语从句,存在主从句结构,复合句。
8. simple
解析:句子只有一个主语 We,and 仅连接 gather together 和 share delicious food 两个并列谓语,整体只有一套主谓结构,属于简单句。
(二)题型二 选词填空 答案 + 解析
1. when
解析:when 引导时间状语从句,句意:观看盛大游行时,我十分激动。
2. but
解析:but 表转折,句意:我本打算参加狂欢节,却错过了公交车。
3. whom
解析:whom 指代人,在宾语从句中作 invite 的宾语,语法正确。
4. As
解析:as 引导原因状语从句,句意:只要你全力以赴筹备演出,就不会后悔。
5. when
解析:when 引导时间从句,句意:我们等待午夜时分,开心闲谈。
6. if
解析:if 引导宾语从句,表 “是否”,句意:我想知道公主是否会出席盛装派对。
7. but
解析:but 表转折,句意:他喜爱传统节日,可他妹妹更喜欢外国节日。
(三)题型三 改写句子 标准参考答案
1. I like mooncakes, but I don’t like sweet ones.
2. When the new year arrives, people count down.
3. I want to know if you will join the lantern show.
4. ①We paste couplets. ②We watch fireworks.
5. ①It is cold. ②We go out to watch lanterns.
6. As the countdown finished, we cheered.
(四)题型四 单项选择 答案 + 解析
1. B
解析:when 意为 “当…… 时”,引导时间状语从句;but 表转折,语义不符。
2. C
解析:if 引导宾语从句,含义 “是否”;whom 只能指代人作宾语,不符合本句语义。
3. A
解析:but 表转折,句意:这个节日很有趣,但只举办一天。
4. A
解析:if 引导条件状语从句,句意:如果你充分准备,就能享受狂欢节。
5. B
解析:and 表顺承并列,连接两个分句。
6. B
解析:although 与 but 不能在同一句中连用,此处不填连词。
(五)题型五 短文填空与统计
1. 填空答案
1. When 2. but 3. 无正确答案 4. If 5. as
2. 句子统计参考
Simple sentences: 0
Compound sentences: 1(第 2 句含 but,并列句)
Complex sentences: 4(1、3、4、5 均含引导词,复合句)
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