提升练01 阅读理解（说明文）Unit 1 Friendship【题型易-暑期提升练】2026-2027学年译林版八年级英语上册题型重点突破真题集中操练

**基本信息** 聚焦八年级说明文阅读理解，以友谊主题为载体，构建“方法指导-真题演练”双轨体系，系统提炼解题逻辑，提升语言理解与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |方法指导|系统方法总结|题干定位法、原文依据原则、结构功能分析法；分题型突破细节理解（关键词定位）、词义猜测（上下文推断）、篇章结构（段落功能标记）等|从文本特征（总分结构、生活事例）到题型识别，再到技巧应用，形成“特征-题型-方法”递进链条，覆盖八年级新增难点| |真题训练|12篇名校真题|精选江苏、辽宁等多地区期中/阶段检测题，涵盖友谊品质、相处方法等高频主题|以题载法，通过典型真题巩固方法迁移，强化语言能力与思维品质，贴合中考命题趋势|

暑期 · 题型突破 提升练01阅读理解（说明文） 八上 题型重点突破（新教材译林版） （解题指导+名校真题） 一、解题指导：说明文（友谊主题） 1. 文本特点：话题贴近初中生日常交友、性格差异、线上线下相处、影视与实验科普，语言简单短句多，生词少；行文以总分、总分总、总分为主流，常举生活事例、调查数据、小故事辅助说理；题型固定：细节、词义猜测、篇章结构、主旨 / 标题、推理判断，题干直白易懂。 2. 阅读答题基础准则：先看题干圈人名、数字、关键词，回原文定位原句；答案必须原文有依据，不凭生活主观脑补；绝对词 only/all 选项直接排除；篇章结构题重点区分总起段、分述段、总结段。 3. 八年级专属难点：新增篇章结构题型、习语词义猜测、代词指代题，做题时重点标记首尾中心句、举例句。 二、答题技巧 1. 细节理解：圈人名、专有名词、数字快速定位原文原句，匹配同义替换。例 Passage4 表格类题目，直接锁定人物对应观点作答。 2. 词义 & 代词猜测：习语、生词依托前后举例 / 解释句；代词指代就近往前找核心名词。如 from the horse’s mouth 依靠后文双胞胎亲身讲述判断含义。 3. 篇章结构：单独标记每段功能，首段总起、中间分段论述、尾段总结，快速区分总 / 分 / 总 - 分总结构。 4. 推理判断：答案是原文合理延伸，原文原句不能作为推断答案；人物态度、文章目的抓首尾总结句。 5. 主旨 & 标题：抓首尾核心句，友谊类文章主旨公式：交友品质 / 相处方法 / 如何维系友谊；标题排除只讲局部例子的片面选项。 Passage 1 （25-26八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）①Do you know E-person and I-person? These two kinds of personalities (性格) are much discussed online. Even twins may be quite different from each other, such as personalities, hobbies, friends etc. To learn more about that, let’s hear from the following twins. ②Andy, an Extrovert (性格外向者) I enjoy trying new things and playing with many friends. Ken and I head to the beach on Saturdays to surf, and on Sundays, I hang out with Tom, eating and riding. At school, Larry is my best friend. I don’t spend much time with him over the weekends because he likes to play video games at home just by himself. I’m cool with it because I can visit other friends. I value (重视) his friendship a lot because Larry cares about me and often gives great advice to my problems. ③Anna, an Introvert (性格内向的人) I think nothing is more enjoyable than staying on my own with a great book in hand. However, I do also need time with my two best friends, Sue and Tina. Sue is so full of life that her jokes bring much joy to my quiet days. Tina is more like me and she understands me better than I do. We often take a long walk to share our feelings. I love both my friends and need their different personalities to make my life colorful. ④Well, there we have it from the horse’s mouth. From Andy and Anna, extroverts and introverts can be friends and also need friends with different personalities. So start to make different friends and enjoy the special friendship! 1. Which of the following words can best describe Sue? A．Hard-working. B．Understanding. C．Good-looking. D．Outgoing (外向的). 2. The idiom “from the horse’s mouth” means to hear from someone “________”. A．who read it B．who experienced it C．who fed it D．who promised it 3. What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4. What can we learn from the passage? A．Friends in need are friends indeed. B．Friends bring out the best in each other. C．Friends are not necessarily the same. D．Friends reach for your hands and touch your hearts. Passage 2 （25-26八年级上·江苏南京·期中）A friendship is very important. However, it is not easy to build a lasting friendship. In order to do so, you need to make the person whom you want to make friends with trust you. Of course, it is easier said than done. Here is some of my advice about making friends. First, be careful when you want to make friends with someone. He or she may not be as kind as you think. He or she may lie and may cause you trouble. Once I told a secret of mine to one of my friends, I told him not to tell the secret to anybody else. But that was a lie! I was very sad when I found out that he had told the secret to many people. It was so terrible. Second, it is not easy to maintain a friendship. You should not be selfish (自私的) and you should think about problems from the side of your friends. It is also important to keep calm. A friendship won’t last long if you don’t care for your friends or blame (责怪) them whenever there is conflict (争执). My last suggestion is: you don’t have to use presents to show that you care for your friends. Friendship is not built on gifts. Instead, it is founded on kindness and true love. Cherish (珍惜) your friends! They are treasures in your life! 1. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “maintain” in Chinese? A．尊重 B．维持 C．看守 D．爱惜 2. To keep friendship, we must ___________. ①think about problems from the side of our friends ②be unselfish ③keep calm ④show kindness ⑤agree with friends A．①②③⑤ B．①②③④ C．①②④⑤ D．②③④⑤ 3. What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4. What’s the best title of the passage? A．How to learn to share. B．How to make more friends. C．How to build a lasting friendship. D．What is friendship. Passage 3 （25-26八年级上·江苏徐州·阶段检测）In recent years, companies have begun to design robots as toys for children. These toys have become so popular that people are worried about the effects (影响) of friendships between robots and children. In 1940, Isaac Asimov wrote a story called Robbie. In the story, a girl made friends with a robot and her mother was worried about their friendship. At the end of the story, the robot saved the girl’s life and her mother changed her ideas on the robot. In real life, there are also different ideas about humans being friends with robots. Some people are worried because children might believe that robots are humans, not machines. It may seem strange that we can make friends with a machine, but just think of the friendly robots in science fiction (科幻小说), from WALL-E to R2-D2. Could close relationships with a robot confuse (迷惑) children? Some people think it’s possible. In the past, children would play with lifeless toys. But today’s robots are designed to express feelings in a human way, and some are able to play with children. When children say they don’t want to play, the robots will show their sadness. Also, they show ▲ when they do well in games. In fact, there’s a real danger that humans forget that robots are not humans. In an experiment (实验), researchers in Germany invited 89 people to interact (互动) with a robot and then turn it off. When they finished the interaction, the robot asked half of the people not to turn it off. These people hesitated (犹豫) before they did so and 13 of them agreed to keep it on! Sometimes robots may make good friends for us. But let’s not forget—they aren’t living beings and they don’t have feelings. At least, not yet. 1. Why did the mother change her ideas about Robbie? A．Because Robbie wrote a story. B．Because Robbie played with her. C．Because Robbie expressed feelings. D．Because Robbie saved her child. 2. What does the writer think of the robots like WALL-E and R2-D2? A．Brave. B．Honest. C．Friendly. D．Humorous. 3. Which of the following can be filled in the “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 3? A．sadness B．happiness C．calmness D．kindness 4. Why does the writer write the passage? A．To tell us not to treat robots as humans. B．To advise us to make friends with robots. C．To ask us to read science fiction about robots. D．To ask us to let robots do dangerous work. Passage 4 （25-26八年级上·江苏徐州·阶段检测）The students are chatting about friendship on the Internet. Here are some of their ideas. Jane I think being honest is the most important. Honesty is the best policy (原则). It is where a good friendship starts. Friends must be able to trust one another. Good friends always believe in one another and do things honestly. Rose Being generous is important. We need to share things with each other and sharing makes a friendship grow. Being generous doesn’t mean you have to give your lunch money or your clothes to others. It means we share our ideas and feelings. Alex I think it is necessary for us to understand a friend. Everyone needs understanding. A good friend should try to learn from others. He/She should try to think of ways to be helpful and be a good listener. Sam Being trustworthy is important. I can always rely on a good friend. If I need help, he/she will do his/her best to help me. If I am in trouble, he/she will not run away from me. 1. Who thinks honesty is where a good friendship starts? A．Sam. B．Rose. C．Jane. D．Alex. 2. According to Rose, friends should share __________. A．their clothes B．their money C．their lunch D．happiness and sadness 3. Sam would like to be with a friend who __________. A．he can believe in B．he can play with C．he can play jokes on D．he can share things with 4. What’s the main idea of the passage? A．When can students make good friends? B．Why do students make friends? C．What is important for friendship? D．Where can students make good friends? Passage 5 （25-26八年级上·江苏镇江·阶段检测）When you’re trying to make friends, you’ll probably meet someone who just doesn’t like you, though you’ve never done anything to him or her. Well, what should you do? Here’s some advice. Gossip (流言蜚语) can make meeting new people difficult, especially when people hear something bad about you. It can prevent someone from getting to know you at all. When you’re in a situation like this, it feels bad. Instead of trying to win them over (说服), however, just be yourself. As time goes by, they will see that the gossip about you is wrong. Or they may choose to believe it. Don’t worry about it and move on by being friendly to the kind people. You’d think that your friend’s friends would also become your friends. But it doesn’t work that way. Sometimes people are happy with the friendships they have, and they aren’t interested in adding any more. If someone chooses not to be friends with you just because you’re new to the group, it’s fine. There’s nothing wrong with you or them. An even more difficult situation is when someone has met you and just doesn’t like you. Every joke you make is taken the wrong way. Every time you try to do something nice, they find fault (找茬儿). As much as it hurts, accept that not everyone is going to be your friend. Don’t take it personally. These things could happen to everyone. There are just some people you won’t like. In a word, if someone doesn’t want to be your friend, that’s okay. Don’t get angry with them because it’s their choice. Instead, give your time and attention to the people that are interested in being with you. 1. If people choose to believe the gossip about you, you should ________. A．try to win them over B．let them know the truth C．forget about it and move on D．find out where the gossip comes from 2. Why don’t people want to make new friends sometimes? A．Because they think it’s a waste of time making new friends. B．Because they are satisfied with the friends they have now. C．Because they worry that a new friend will influence their old friendship. D．Because they share no common interests with new friends. 3. What does the underlined sentence “Don’t take it personally.” in paragraph 4 mean? A．You shouldn’t share it with others. B．You shouldn’t stop it by yourself. C．You shouldn’t take it to heart. D．You shouldn’t accept it in person. 4. The passage mainly wants to tell us _________. A．how to make new friends B．how to have a talk with others C．how to be popular among friends D．what to do when you’re not liked by others Passage 6 （25-26八年级上·江苏宿迁·阶段检测）Friends are important. They are the people in your life that you know and like. Friends do not have to be just the same age as you. They can be older or younger. You and your friends can enjoy different things. Friends are fun. Learn how to be a good friend at school by reading the tips (提示) below. Say something about yourself. Say hello to someone new. See if he or she would like to play with you. Talk about yourself. Ask questions to get to know each other better. Show your favorite things. What are your favorite things to do? Ask a friend to do them with you. You can play games, read, or go for walks together after class. Help each other. Ask how a friend is feeling. If he is sad, make him happy. You can teach friends something they do not know. Ask them for help when you need it. 1. What kind of people may be your friends according to the passage? A．The people who are the same age as you. B．The people who you know and like. C．The people who can share things. D．The people who have the same hobby as you. 2. What can you do when you say something about yourself? A．Talk about how you are different from them. B．Start playing with everyone at the beginning. C．Ask questions to get to know each other better. D．Read or go for walks with them. 3. Why does the writer write the passage? A．To tell us that the friends are important. B．To teach us how to be a good friend. C．To find out the best way to make friends. D．To tell us why you need some friends. 4. Which is the best structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． Passage 7 （25-26八年级上·辽宁盘锦·期中）Friendship is one of the most valuable (珍贵的) things in Chinese culture. Ancient poets often wrote poems to show their feelings for friends. These poems have been passed down for thousands of years, and they still help us understand what true friendship means today. Wang Bo, a famous poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote a line in his poem “送杜少府之任蜀州”：“海内存知己，天涯若比邻。” This means that if you have a close friend in your heart, even if they are at the end of the world, they still feel like your next-door neighbor. This tells us that real friendship can beat any distance. Another great poet, Li Bai, was known for his deep friendship with another poet, Wang Lun. He wrote in “赠汪伦”：“桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我情。” In these lines, Li Bai used the image of a thousand-foot-deep peach blossom lake to show that Wang Lun’s love for him was even deeper. It’s a beautiful way to say “Thank you” for the friendship. These poems are not just old words. They are about the same feelings we have today: missing a friend, being thankful for a friend, and knowing that some connections are never broken. When you feel far away from a good friend, remember the words of the ancient poets. They knew exactly how you felt. 1．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To introduce some famous Chinese poets. B．To explain why friendship is less important today C．To lead in (导入) the topic of friendship in ancient poems. D．To compare ancient and modern friendship. 2．What did Wang Bo want to tell us in his poem? A．Friends should live next to each other. B．True friendship can beat any distance. C．Traveling to see a friend is very difficult. D．He missed his hometown very much. 3．How did Li Bai show his thanks to Wang Lun? A．By giving him a beautiful lake. B．By writing him a letter. C．By using a deep lake to show his love. D．By visiting him every year. 4．What is the writer’s advice in the passage? A．We should write more poems for our friends. B．We should learn from the poets about friendship. C．We need to make more friends on the Internet. D．The feelings in old poems are out of date today. Passage 8 （24-25八年级上·山东日照·阶段检测）Friends play an important part in our lives. Teenager Centre did a survey on “What do you think the most important thing about a friendship is?” 368 teenagers took part in the survey. The following is the result. Dr Allen wrote a report about it. Let’s read it together. Honesty is where a good friendship starts. You must tell your feelings to your friends. Keep their secrets to yourself and never break promises, or you may lose your friends. Generosity (慷慨) means sharing, and sharing makes the friendship grow. You don’t have to give your lunch money or your clothes, of course. Instead, you share your ideas and feelings. Understanding can be valuable to a friend. Everyone needs understanding and help with a problem. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. You must try to put yourself in your friend’s place, so you can understand the problem better. No two friendships are ever exactly alike (相像的). But all true friendships may have some things in common. In fact, good friendships will just not easily last. Many people want others to be their friends, but they don’t give the friendship back. That is one of the reasons why some friendships don’t last long. Therefore, to keep a lasting friendship, you must give as much as you take. 1. According to the text, a good friendship usually begins from ________. A．honesty B．understanding C．generosity D．similarity 2. According to the text, a generous friend always ________. A．keeps your secret B．gives you money C．shares ideas with you D．solves your problems 3. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Friends don’t need to be similar. B．A good friend touches your heart. C．Giving is important in a friendship. D．You should take as much as possible. 4. The text is written to ________. A．teach teenagers how to make a survey B．teach people how to make new friends C．tell people what makes a good friendship D．help people understand the importance of friends Passage 9 （25-26八年级上·安徽合肥·期中）In English, there is an old saying: “All good things must come to an end.” But this might not always be true. For the six friends in Friends, the “good things”—the friendships among them don’t really end. Friends is one of the most famous sitcoms (情景喜剧) in America. It tells the story of six young people. They come to New York City to find love, victory and fun. Each of them is different, but they become friends. Friends was on from 1994 to 2004. After all these years, many people wanted to see the six meet on the screen again. And this wish came true several years ago. A new special Friends: The Reunion came out on 27 May, 2021. For sure, watching Friends will help you learn English. But you can learn more from it. One thing is how to build true friendships. As Rachel said, “Back in the 1990s, there were no smartphones. It was just friends sitting around and talking with each other.” If you want to have lifelong friends, don’t just talk with them online. Be sure to always be there for your friends. 1. What does “All good things must come to an end.” mean in Chinese in Paragraph 1? A．天下没有不散的筵席。 B．否极泰来。 C．好事多磨。 D．众人拾柴火焰高。 2. When did the six friends meet on the screen again? A．In 1994. B．In 2004. C．In 2021. D．In 2023. 3. What can you infer (推断) from the passage? A．If you want to have lifelong friends, you only need to talk with them online. B．You can’t make friends with these people when they are different from you. C．You can only make friends with people when they are like you. D．To build true friendships, you should be sure to always be there for your friends. 4. What can we learn from Friends? A．How to learn English well. B．How to make friends. C．How to build true good friendships. D．How to study with friends. Passage 10 （25-26八年级上·浙江台州·阶段检测） ①It’s good to be someone’s best friend. But how can we know a friend fits the role of “BFF (best friend forever)”? ②Jeffrey Hall, a teacher from the University of Kansas (KU), thinks he has an answer. He finds out how long it takes to make a friend, and how long it takes to move through different stages (阶段) of friendship. ③Hall and other teachers from KU did the study in two parts. In the first part, the study team studied 355 people. These people just moved to a new place and were looking for new friends. Six months later, these newcomers were asked to match (匹配) people they met with one of the four kinds: a person you know but not very well, a not-close friend, a friend, or a good friend. ④In the second part, Hall’s team asked 112 KU new students about two people they met when they started school. Then the team followed up for four to seven weeks to see which kind of friendship the students fell into and how long it took. Here are the results: it takes about 40 to 60 hours to become a not-close friend, 80 to 100 hours to be a friend, and about 200 hours to become a good friend. ⑤“We need to spend time on friendship,” Hall said. “Making close friends is one of the most important things in our lives.” You can’t order someone to be your friend, and friendship isn’t just about numbers. If you want to have a close friend, the best way is to spend more time together. 1. What do we know about the 355 people in the first part of the study? A．They were looking for jobs. B．They wanted new friends. C．They were teachers from KU. D．They were students in a new school. 2. How long does it take to become a good friend? A．About 40 to 60 hours. B．80 to 100 hours. C．About 200 hours. D．Six months. 3. What’s the structure (结构) of the passage? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①②③/④⑤ C．①/②③/④⑤ D．①②/③④/⑤ 4. What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．It’s not good to be a close friend with someone. B．Friendship can be built without spending any time. C．It takes time and care to build a true friendship. D．Everyone can easily make good friends in a short time. Passage 11 （25-26八年级上·重庆渝北·期中）①Friends are very important in our lives. If you’re a quiet and shy person and want to know how to make friends, here’s some advice for you. ②Start with small things. If you have a feeling of loneliness (孤单), don’t be afraid of making friends with others. Always start with small steps. Begin communicating with one or two people to get comfortable in socializing (交际). That way your life will not be too busy, and you’ll learn something about communication. ③Get along with people who have similar interests to you. If you communicate with a few people first, get to know them and try to find your common interests. For example, if both of you like soccer or basketball, then sports can be a good topic between you and your friend. ④Remember quality over quantity. It’s always about having two or three good friendships instead of having ten unstable (不稳定) relationships. The more we care about quantity, the more tiring our lives will be. Try to make friends with those who help you in trouble. ⑤Keep positive (积极的) and never compare. Even if you can’t find your true friend in few months or years, you should keep on trying. Always keep your experiences in the past to continue building your friendships. Also, never forget that every person is special in his/her ways. So, don’t compare one friend of yours with another. Find out their differences and show your full respect. ⑥If you follow the advice above, you are sure to make your true friends. 1. Who is this passage mainly written for? A．Everyone. B．Teachers. C．Quiet people. D．A special person. 2. How many pieces of advice can we get from this passage? A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6. 3. Which saying can match (匹配) Paragraph ④ best? A．A good friend is like a mirror. B．A friend in need is a friend indeed. C．My best friend can bring out the best in me. D．Friends are like books—you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good. 4. What’s the right structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． Passage 12 （25-26八年级上·四川眉山·期末）True friendship means caring for, helping, understanding and respecting each other. In daily life, this shows in many ways: friends share joy, support (支持) each other through hard times, talk about their problems calmly, make up after an argument, and accept that they each have different friends. Let’s see how real friends act. Friends bring joy to each other. Anna tells Alex a funny joke that makes him laugh out loud, and Alex does a silly dance to make Anna happy too. That’s exactly what true friends do. They also help one another: Amy helps Jack with schoolwork when he doesn’t understand, and Jack helps Amy get a book from the high bookcase. This is the true meaning of friendship. Sometimes a friend may feel sad about small matters. When Ben feels sad after losing a game, Lily tries her best to cheer him up with kind words. That’s what friends are for. Also, sometimes friends may argue about little misunderstandings—they just need to talk about their feelings calmly and say “sorry” later. Finally, good friends also accept that they each have different friends. Sometimes your friend might want to hang out with other people, or they might have a friend you don’t especially like. In these situations, it’s important to be understanding and respect their choices. Good friends give each other the space to have different friendships instead of getting jealous (嫉妒的) or upset. 1. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Friends help each other. B．Alex does a funny dance. C．Friends make each other laugh. D．Amy helps Jack with schoolwork. 2. How does the writer develop Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3? A．By asking questions. B．By telling stories. C．By showing results. D．By giving examples. 3. What is the main idea of the passage? A．How we can choose friends we like. B．What friends should do and the key to friendship. C．Why people need to say “I’m sorry” to friends. D．How we can deal with jealousy in friendship. 4. Which is the right structure of the passage? (①= Paragraph 1) A． B． C． D． 13 / 13乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $暑期 · 题型突破 提升练01阅读理解（说明文） 八上 题型重点突破（新教材译林版） （解题指导+名校真题） 一、解题指导：说明文（友谊主题） 1. 文本特点：话题贴近初中生日常交友、性格差异、线上线下相处、影视与实验科普，语言简单短句多，生词少；行文以总分、总分总、总分为主流，常举生活事例、调查数据、小故事辅助说理；题型固定：细节、词义猜测、篇章结构、主旨 / 标题、推理判断，题干直白易懂。 2. 阅读答题基础准则：先看题干圈人名、数字、关键词，回原文定位原句；答案必须原文有依据，不凭生活主观脑补；绝对词 only/all 选项直接排除；篇章结构题重点区分总起段、分述段、总结段。 3. 八年级专属难点：新增篇章结构题型、习语词义猜测、代词指代题，做题时重点标记首尾中心句、举例句。 二、答题技巧 1. 细节理解：圈人名、专有名词、数字快速定位原文原句，匹配同义替换。例 Passage4 表格类题目，直接锁定人物对应观点作答。 2. 词义 & 代词猜测：习语、生词依托前后举例 / 解释句；代词指代就近往前找核心名词。如 from the horse’s mouth 依靠后文双胞胎亲身讲述判断含义。 3. 篇章结构：单独标记每段功能，首段总起、中间分段论述、尾段总结，快速区分总 / 分 / 总 - 分总结构。 4. 推理判断：答案是原文合理延伸，原文原句不能作为推断答案；人物态度、文章目的抓首尾总结句。 5. 主旨 & 标题：抓首尾核心句，友谊类文章主旨公式：交友品质 / 相处方法 / 如何维系友谊；标题排除只讲局部例子的片面选项。 Passage 1 （25-26八年级上·江苏扬州·期中）①Do you know E-person and I-person? These two kinds of personalities (性格) are much discussed online. Even twins may be quite different from each other, such as personalities, hobbies, friends etc. To learn more about that, let’s hear from the following twins. ②Andy, an Extrovert (性格外向者) I enjoy trying new things and playing with many friends. Ken and I head to the beach on Saturdays to surf, and on Sundays, I hang out with Tom, eating and riding. At school, Larry is my best friend. I don’t spend much time with him over the weekends because he likes to play video games at home just by himself. I’m cool with it because I can visit other friends. I value (重视) his friendship a lot because Larry cares about me and often gives great advice to my problems. ③Anna, an Introvert (性格内向的人) I think nothing is more enjoyable than staying on my own with a great book in hand. However, I do also need time with my two best friends, Sue and Tina. Sue is so full of life that her jokes bring much joy to my quiet days. Tina is more like me and she understands me better than I do. We often take a long walk to share our feelings. I love both my friends and need their different personalities to make my life colorful. ④Well, there we have it from the horse’s mouth. From Andy and Anna, extroverts and introverts can be friends and also need friends with different personalities. So start to make different friends and enjoy the special friendship! 1. Which of the following words can best describe Sue? A．Hard-working. B．Understanding. C．Good-looking. D．Outgoing (外向的). 2. The idiom “from the horse’s mouth” means to hear from someone “________”. A．who read it B．who experienced it C．who fed it D．who promised it 3. What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4. What can we learn from the passage? A．Friends in need are friends indeed. B．Friends bring out the best in each other. C．Friends are not necessarily the same. D．Friends reach for your hands and touch your hearts. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，通过双胞胎Andy（性格外向者）和Anna（性格内向者）的讲述，表明外向者和内向者可以成为朋友，也需要不同性格的朋友，鼓励人们结交不同的朋友并享受特别的友谊。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Sue is so full of life that her jokes bring much joy to my quiet days.”可知，Sue充满活力，她的笑话能给Anna安静的日子带来很多欢乐，由此可推断Sue是外向的。故选D。 2. 词句猜测题。文章通过Andy和Anna这两个亲身经历者来讲述关于不同性格交朋友的事情，“from the horse’s mouth”意思是直接从亲身经历者那里听来的，即“来自亲身经历的人”。故选B。 3. 篇章结构题。文章第一段引出要讨论的关于E-person和I-person以及听双胞胎讲述的话题；第二段讲述外向者Andy的情况，包括他的交友和对待朋友的方式等；第三段讲述内向者Anna的情况，包括她对独处的喜爱以及和朋友的相处等；第四段总结全文观点，即外向者和内向者可以成为朋友，也需要不同性格的朋友，鼓励人们结交不同朋友享受特别友谊。所以文章是总分总结构。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据第四段“From Andy and Anna, extroverts and introverts can be friends and also need friends with different personalities.”可知，从Andy和Anna的例子可以看出，朋友不一定要相同，不同性格的人也可以成为朋友。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26八年级上·江苏南京·期中）A friendship is very important. However, it is not easy to build a lasting friendship. In order to do so, you need to make the person whom you want to make friends with trust you. Of course, it is easier said than done. Here is some of my advice about making friends. First, be careful when you want to make friends with someone. He or she may not be as kind as you think. He or she may lie and may cause you trouble. Once I told a secret of mine to one of my friends, I told him not to tell the secret to anybody else. But that was a lie! I was very sad when I found out that he had told the secret to many people. It was so terrible. Second, it is not easy to maintain a friendship. You should not be selfish (自私的) and you should think about problems from the side of your friends. It is also important to keep calm. A friendship won’t last long if you don’t care for your friends or blame (责怪) them whenever there is conflict (争执). My last suggestion is: you don’t have to use presents to show that you care for your friends. Friendship is not built on gifts. Instead, it is founded on kindness and true love. Cherish (珍惜) your friends! They are treasures in your life! 1. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “maintain” in Chinese? A．尊重 B．维持 C．看守 D．爱惜 2. To keep friendship, we must ___________. ①think about problems from the side of our friends ②be unselfish ③keep calm ④show kindness ⑤agree with friends A．①②③⑤ B．①②③④ C．①②④⑤ D．②③④⑤ 3. What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4. What’s the best title of the passage? A．How to learn to share. B．How to make more friends. C．How to build a lasting friendship. D．What is friendship. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕如何建立和维护一段持久的友谊提出建议，包括谨慎选择朋友、避免自私和保持冷静、以及友谊的真正基础是善意和真爱而非礼物。 【详解】1. 词句猜测题。根据“A friendship won’t last long if you don’t care for your friends or blame (责怪) them whenever there is conflict (争执).”可知，如果你不关心你的朋友或在发生冲突时责怪他们，一段友谊不会持久，由此可知，维持友谊是不容易的。“maintain”意为“维持”。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“You should not be selfish (自私的) and you should think about problems from the side of your friends. It is also important to keep calm.”和“Friendship is not built on gifts. Instead, it is founded on kindness and true love.”可知，为了维持友谊，我们必须站在朋友的角度考虑问题、要无私、保持冷静以及表现出友好。即①②③④正确。故选B。 3. 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章第一段总述友谊重要但不易建立，并引出下文建议；第二、三、四段分述具体建议；最后一段总结并呼吁珍惜友谊。因此结构为①/②③④/⑤。故选D。 4. 最佳标题题。通读全文并根据“However, it is not easy to build a lasting friendship.”和“Here is some of my advice about making friends.”可知，全文围绕如何建立和维护长久友谊展开建议，因此选项C“如何建立持久的友谊”最适合当标题。故选C。 Passage 3 （25-26八年级上·江苏徐州·阶段检测）In recent years, companies have begun to design robots as toys for children. These toys have become so popular that people are worried about the effects (影响) of friendships between robots and children. In 1940, Isaac Asimov wrote a story called Robbie. In the story, a girl made friends with a robot and her mother was worried about their friendship. At the end of the story, the robot saved the girl’s life and her mother changed her ideas on the robot. In real life, there are also different ideas about humans being friends with robots. Some people are worried because children might believe that robots are humans, not machines. It may seem strange that we can make friends with a machine, but just think of the friendly robots in science fiction (科幻小说), from WALL-E to R2-D2. Could close relationships with a robot confuse (迷惑) children? Some people think it’s possible. In the past, children would play with lifeless toys. But today’s robots are designed to express feelings in a human way, and some are able to play with children. When children say they don’t want to play, the robots will show their sadness. Also, they show ▲ when they do well in games. In fact, there’s a real danger that humans forget that robots are not humans. In an experiment (实验), researchers in Germany invited 89 people to interact (互动) with a robot and then turn it off. When they finished the interaction, the robot asked half of the people not to turn it off. These people hesitated (犹豫) before they did so and 13 of them agreed to keep it on! Sometimes robots may make good friends for us. But let’s not forget—they aren’t living beings and they don’t have feelings. At least, not yet. 1. Why did the mother change her ideas about Robbie? A．Because Robbie wrote a story. B．Because Robbie played with her. C．Because Robbie expressed feelings. D．Because Robbie saved her child. 2. What does the writer think of the robots like WALL-E and R2-D2? A．Brave. B．Honest. C．Friendly. D．Humorous. 3. Which of the following can be filled in the “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 3? A．sadness B．happiness C．calmness D．kindness 4. Why does the writer write the passage? A．To tell us not to treat robots as humans. B．To advise us to make friends with robots. C．To ask us to read science fiction about robots. D．To ask us to let robots do dangerous work. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文主要围绕近年面向儿童的机器人玩具流行这一现象，提及人们对“机器人与儿童友谊可能让孩子混淆机器人与人类”的担忧，并以Isaac Asimov的《Robbie》故事、德国机器人互动实验为例证，最终指出机器人或可成为伙伴，但需牢记其并非生命体、没有真正情感。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据“At the end of the story, the robot saved the girl’s life and her mother changed her ideas on the robot.”可知，机器人拯救了小女孩的生命，因此妈妈改变了对机器人的看法。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据“It may seem strange that we can make friends with a machine, but just think of the friendly robots in science fiction, from WALL-E to R2-D2.”可知，从瓦力到R2-D2，它们都是友好的机器人。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据“When children say they don’t want to play, the robots will show their sadness. Also, they show...when they do well in games.”可知，当孩子们不想玩时，机器人会表露出它们的悲伤。此外，当他们在游戏里做得好时，它们会表露出开心。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据“But let’s not forget—they aren’t living beings and they don’t have feelings. At least, not yet.”可知，作者在最后一段强调机器人不是生命体，也没有真正的情感，可推知作者写作目的是提醒人们不要将机器人当作人类。故选A。 Passage 4 （25-26八年级上·江苏徐州·阶段检测）The students are chatting about friendship on the Internet. Here are some of their ideas. Jane I think being honest is the most important. Honesty is the best policy (原则). It is where a good friendship starts. Friends must be able to trust one another. Good friends always believe in one another and do things honestly. Rose Being generous is important. We need to share things with each other and sharing makes a friendship grow. Being generous doesn’t mean you have to give your lunch money or your clothes to others. It means we share our ideas and feelings. Alex I think it is necessary for us to understand a friend. Everyone needs understanding. A good friend should try to learn from others. He/She should try to think of ways to be helpful and be a good listener. Sam Being trustworthy is important. I can always rely on a good friend. If I need help, he/she will do his/her best to help me. If I am in trouble, he/she will not run away from me. 1. Who thinks honesty is where a good friendship starts? A．Sam. B．Rose. C．Jane. D．Alex. 2. According to Rose, friends should share __________. A．their clothes B．their money C．their lunch D．happiness and sadness 3. Sam would like to be with a friend who __________. A．he can believe in B．he can play with C．he can play jokes on D．he can share things with 4. What’s the main idea of the passage? A．When can students make good friends? B．Why do students make friends? C．What is important for friendship? D．Where can students make good friends? 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文主要介绍了不同学生对友谊重要品质的看法，包括诚实、慷慨、理解和值得信赖等方面。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据Jane所说“I think being honest is the most important. Honesty is the best policy (原则). It is where a good friendship starts.”可知Jane认为诚实是良好友谊的开始。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据Rose所说“Being generous is important. We need to share things with each other and sharing makes a friendship grow. Being generous doesn’t mean you have to give your lunch money or your clothes to others. It means we share our ideas and feelings.”可知Rose认为朋友之间应该分享想法和感受，也就是分享快乐和悲伤。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据Sam所说“Being trustworthy is important. I can always rely on a good friend. If I need help, he/she will do his/her best to help me”可知Sam希望有一个值得信赖的朋友。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。本文主要讨论了对于友谊来说什么是重要的，不同学生给出了不同的看法。故选C。 Passage 5 （25-26八年级上·江苏镇江·阶段检测）When you’re trying to make friends, you’ll probably meet someone who just doesn’t like you, though you’ve never done anything to him or her. Well, what should you do? Here’s some advice. Gossip (流言蜚语) can make meeting new people difficult, especially when people hear something bad about you. It can prevent someone from getting to know you at all. When you’re in a situation like this, it feels bad. Instead of trying to win them over (说服), however, just be yourself. As time goes by, they will see that the gossip about you is wrong. Or they may choose to believe it. Don’t worry about it and move on by being friendly to the kind people. You’d think that your friend’s friends would also become your friends. But it doesn’t work that way. Sometimes people are happy with the friendships they have, and they aren’t interested in adding any more. If someone chooses not to be friends with you just because you’re new to the group, it’s fine. There’s nothing wrong with you or them. An even more difficult situation is when someone has met you and just doesn’t like you. Every joke you make is taken the wrong way. Every time you try to do something nice, they find fault (找茬儿). As much as it hurts, accept that not everyone is going to be your friend. Don’t take it personally. These things could happen to everyone. There are just some people you won’t like. In a word, if someone doesn’t want to be your friend, that’s okay. Don’t get angry with them because it’s their choice. Instead, give your time and attention to the people that are interested in being with you. 1. If people choose to believe the gossip about you, you should ________. A．try to win them over B．let them know the truth C．forget about it and move on D．find out where the gossip comes from 2. Why don’t people want to make new friends sometimes? A．Because they think it’s a waste of time making new friends. B．Because they are satisfied with the friends they have now. C．Because they worry that a new friend will influence their old friendship. D．Because they share no common interests with new friends. 3. What does the underlined sentence “Don’t take it personally.” in paragraph 4 mean? A．You shouldn’t share it with others. B．You shouldn’t stop it by yourself. C．You shouldn’t take it to heart. D．You shouldn’t accept it in person. 4. The passage mainly wants to tell us _________. A．how to make new friends B．how to have a talk with others C．how to be popular among friends D．what to do when you’re not liked by others 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 【导语】本文主要讲述了交朋友时不被他人喜欢的做法。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据“Gossip (流言蜚语) can make meeting new people difficult, especially when people hear something bad about you... Don’t worry about it and move on by being friendly to the kind people.”可知，如果别人相信关于你的流言蜚语，你不应该担心而是继续前行。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Sometimes people are happy with the friendships they have, and they aren’t interested in adding any more.”可知，有时候人们不想交新朋友是因为他们对现在拥有的朋友很满意。故选B。 3. 词句猜测题。根据“Don’t take it personally. These things could happen to everyone. There are just some people you won’t like.”可知，这里讲的是每个人都有可能发生这样的情况，因此不用在意它，选项C“你不应该放在心上”与该句表述相近。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述的是当我们交朋友不被其他人喜欢时应该怎么做。故选D。 Passage 6 （25-26八年级上·江苏宿迁·阶段检测）Friends are important. They are the people in your life that you know and like. Friends do not have to be just the same age as you. They can be older or younger. You and your friends can enjoy different things. Friends are fun. Learn how to be a good friend at school by reading the tips (提示) below. Say something about yourself. Say hello to someone new. See if he or she would like to play with you. Talk about yourself. Ask questions to get to know each other better. Show your favorite things. What are your favorite things to do? Ask a friend to do them with you. You can play games, read, or go for walks together after class. Help each other. Ask how a friend is feeling. If he is sad, make him happy. You can teach friends something they do not know. Ask them for help when you need it. 1. What kind of people may be your friends according to the passage? A．The people who are the same age as you. B．The people who you know and like. C．The people who can share things. D．The people who have the same hobby as you. 2. What can you do when you say something about yourself? A．Talk about how you are different from them. B．Start playing with everyone at the beginning. C．Ask questions to get to know each other better. D．Read or go for walks with them. 3. Why does the writer write the passage? A．To tell us that the friends are important. B．To teach us how to be a good friend. C．To find out the best way to make friends. D．To tell us why you need some friends. 4. Which is the best structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文主要介绍了在学校成为他人的好朋友的建议。 1. 细节理解题。根据“They are the people in your life that you know and like.”可知，你认识和喜欢的人可能成为你的朋友。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Talk about yourself. Ask questions to get to know each other better.”可知，通过提问来更好地了解彼此。故选C。 3. 主旨大意题。根据“Learn how to be a good friend at school by reading the tips (提示) below.”可知，本文主要介绍了成为一位好朋友的建议。故选B。 4. 篇章结构题。综合全文可知，第一段提出主题：在学校如何成为他人的好朋友；第二段至第四段分别从不同的角度给出建议；据此可知，本文属于“总——分”结构。故选A。 Passage 7 （25-26八年级上·辽宁盘锦·期中）Friendship is one of the most valuable (珍贵的) things in Chinese culture. Ancient poets often wrote poems to show their feelings for friends. These poems have been passed down for thousands of years, and they still help us understand what true friendship means today. Wang Bo, a famous poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote a line in his poem “送杜少府之任蜀州”：“海内存知己，天涯若比邻。” This means that if you have a close friend in your heart, even if they are at the end of the world, they still feel like your next-door neighbor. This tells us that real friendship can beat any distance. Another great poet, Li Bai, was known for his deep friendship with another poet, Wang Lun. He wrote in “赠汪伦”：“桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我情。” In these lines, Li Bai used the image of a thousand-foot-deep peach blossom lake to show that Wang Lun’s love for him was even deeper. It’s a beautiful way to say “Thank you” for the friendship. These poems are not just old words. They are about the same feelings we have today: missing a friend, being thankful for a friend, and knowing that some connections are never broken. When you feel far away from a good friend, remember the words of the ancient poets. They knew exactly how you felt. 1．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To introduce some famous Chinese poets. B．To explain why friendship is less important today C．To lead in (导入) the topic of friendship in ancient poems. D．To compare ancient and modern friendship. 2．What did Wang Bo want to tell us in his poem? A．Friends should live next to each other. B．True friendship can beat any distance. C．Traveling to see a friend is very difficult. D．He missed his hometown very much. 3．How did Li Bai show his thanks to Wang Lun? A．By giving him a beautiful lake. B．By writing him a letter. C．By using a deep lake to show his love. D．By visiting him every year. 4．What is the writer’s advice in the passage? A．We should write more poems for our friends. B．We should learn from the poets about friendship. C．We need to make more friends on the Internet. D．The feelings in old poems are out of date today. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要通过解读唐代诗人王勃与李白关于友谊的著名诗句，阐述了中国古诗词中蕴含的深厚友谊观，并说明了这种超越时空的情感在当今仍能引起共鸣、给予我们启示。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据“Ancient poets often wrote poems to show their feelings for friends. These poems have been passed down for thousands of years, and they still help us understand what true friendship means today.”可知，第一段用“友谊珍贵”引出“古诗表达友谊”这一核心话题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“This tells us that real friendship can beat any distance.”可知，王勃诗中“海内存知己，天涯若比邻”所要传达的含义是：真挚的友谊能超越物理距离。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Li Bai used the image of a thousand-foot-deep peach blossom lake to show that Wang Lun’s love for him was even deeper.”可知，李白是通过在诗中运用深潭的意象，来比喻和感谢汪伦的深厚情谊。故选C。 4．观点态度题。根据“When you feel far away from a good friend, remember the words of the ancient poets. They knew exactly how you felt”可知，作者建议我们在体会友谊时，可以回想并借鉴古诗中的智慧，即向诗人学习关于友谊的理解。故选B。 Passage 8 （24-25八年级上·山东日照·阶段检测）Friends play an important part in our lives. Teenager Centre did a survey on “What do you think the most important thing about a friendship is?” 368 teenagers took part in the survey. The following is the result. Dr Allen wrote a report about it. Let’s read it together. Honesty is where a good friendship starts. You must tell your feelings to your friends. Keep their secrets to yourself and never break promises, or you may lose your friends. Generosity (慷慨) means sharing, and sharing makes the friendship grow. You don’t have to give your lunch money or your clothes, of course. Instead, you share your ideas and feelings. Understanding can be valuable to a friend. Everyone needs understanding and help with a problem. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. You must try to put yourself in your friend’s place, so you can understand the problem better. No two friendships are ever exactly alike (相像的). But all true friendships may have some things in common. In fact, good friendships will just not easily last. Many people want others to be their friends, but they don’t give the friendship back. That is one of the reasons why some friendships don’t last long. Therefore, to keep a lasting friendship, you must give as much as you take. 1. According to the text, a good friendship usually begins from ________. A．honesty B．understanding C．generosity D．similarity 2. According to the text, a generous friend always ________. A．keeps your secret B．gives you money C．shares ideas with you D．solves your problems 3. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Friends don’t need to be similar. B．A good friend touches your heart. C．Giving is important in a friendship. D．You should take as much as possible. 4. The text is written to ________. A．teach teenagers how to make a survey B．teach people how to make new friends C．tell people what makes a good friendship D．help people understand the importance of friends 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇调查报告。青少年中心就“友谊中最重要的是什么”对368名青少年进行了调查，Dr Allen根据调查结果撰写报告，指出诚实、慷慨、理解是友谊中至关重要的因素，并强调持久的友谊需要付出与获取同样重要。 【详解】1. 文章第二段第一句指出“Honesty is where a good friendship starts.”，直接说明好的友谊从诚实开始。 2. 文章第三段指出“Generosity means sharing...Instead, you share your ideas and feelings.”，直接说明慷慨的朋友会与你分享想法和感受。 3. 文章最后一段指出“to keep a lasting friendship, you must give as much as you take.”，直接说明了在友谊中付出很重要。 4. 文章围绕“什么是友谊中最重要的东西”展开，介绍了诚实、慷慨、理解的重要性，并指出持久的友谊需要双方共同付出。由此推断，文章的写作目的是告诉人们什么造就了好的友谊。 Passage 9 （25-26八年级上·安徽合肥·期中）In English, there is an old saying: “All good things must come to an end.” But this might not always be true. For the six friends in Friends, the “good things”—the friendships among them don’t really end. Friends is one of the most famous sitcoms (情景喜剧) in America. It tells the story of six young people. They come to New York City to find love, victory and fun. Each of them is different, but they become friends. Friends was on from 1994 to 2004. After all these years, many people wanted to see the six meet on the screen again. And this wish came true several years ago. A new special Friends: The Reunion came out on 27 May, 2021. For sure, watching Friends will help you learn English. But you can learn more from it. One thing is how to build true friendships. As Rachel said, “Back in the 1990s, there were no smartphones. It was just friends sitting around and talking with each other.” If you want to have lifelong friends, don’t just talk with them online. Be sure to always be there for your friends. 1. What does “All good things must come to an end.” mean in Chinese in Paragraph 1? A．天下没有不散的筵席。 B．否极泰来。 C．好事多磨。 D．众人拾柴火焰高。 2. When did the six friends meet on the screen again? A．In 1994. B．In 2004. C．In 2021. D．In 2023. 3. What can you infer (推断) from the passage? A．If you want to have lifelong friends, you only need to talk with them online. B．You can’t make friends with these people when they are different from you. C．You can only make friends with people when they are like you. D．To build true friendships, you should be sure to always be there for your friends. 4. What can we learn from Friends? A．How to learn English well. B．How to make friends. C．How to build true good friendships. D．How to study with friends. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国经典情景喜剧《老友记》（Friends）的相关内容，包括剧中六位好友的故事、该剧的播出时间（1994-2004年）、2021年的重聚特别节目，以及从剧中可以学到的关于建立真正友谊的道理。 【详解】1. 第一段提到：“All good things must come to an end.”，这是一句英语谚语，意为“所有美好的事物终将结束”，与中文“天下没有不散的筵席”含义一致。 2. 第三段指出：“A new special Friends: The Reunion came out on 27 May, 2021.”，说明六位好友在2021年再次在屏幕上重聚。 3. 最后一段提到：“If you want to have lifelong friends, don’t just talk with them online. Be sure to always be there for your friends.”，由此可以推断出：要建立真正的友谊，你应该确保总是在朋友身边支持他们。 4. 最后一段明确指出：“One thing is how to build true friendships.”，说明从《老友记》中我们能学到的不仅是英语，更重要的是如何建立真正的友谊。 Passage 10 （25-26八年级上·浙江台州·阶段检测） ①It’s good to be someone’s best friend. But how can we know a friend fits the role of “BFF (best friend forever)”? ②Jeffrey Hall, a teacher from the University of Kansas (KU), thinks he has an answer. He finds out how long it takes to make a friend, and how long it takes to move through different stages (阶段) of friendship. ③Hall and other teachers from KU did the study in two parts. In the first part, the study team studied 355 people. These people just moved to a new place and were looking for new friends. Six months later, these newcomers were asked to match (匹配) people they met with one of the four kinds: a person you know but not very well, a not-close friend, a friend, or a good friend. ④In the second part, Hall’s team asked 112 KU new students about two people they met when they started school. Then the team followed up for four to seven weeks to see which kind of friendship the students fell into and how long it took. Here are the results: it takes about 40 to 60 hours to become a not-close friend, 80 to 100 hours to be a friend, and about 200 hours to become a good friend. ⑤“We need to spend time on friendship,” Hall said. “Making close friends is one of the most important things in our lives.” You can’t order someone to be your friend, and friendship isn’t just about numbers. If you want to have a close friend, the best way is to spend more time together. 1. What do we know about the 355 people in the first part of the study? A．They were looking for jobs. B．They wanted new friends. C．They were teachers from KU. D．They were students in a new school. 2. How long does it take to become a good friend? A．About 40 to 60 hours. B．80 to 100 hours. C．About 200 hours. D．Six months. 3. What’s the structure (结构) of the passage? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①②③/④⑤ C．①/②③/④⑤ D．①②/③④/⑤ 4. What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．It’s not good to be a close friend with someone. B．Friendship can be built without spending any time. C．It takes time and care to build a true friendship. D．Everyone can easily make good friends in a short time. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文介绍了一项关于友谊形成时间的研究，指出从熟人发展为密友需要投入大量时间，强调了时间投入对建立深厚友谊的重要性。 1. 细节理解题。根据第三段“These people just moved to a new place and were looking for new friends.”可知，这355人正在寻找新朋友。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段“it takes...about 200 hours to become a good friend.”可知，成为好朋友需要约200小时。故选C。 3. 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，①段提出问题；②③④段介绍研究内容、过程及结果；⑤段总结强调投入时间对友谊的重要性。因此结构为①/②③④/⑤。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“If you want to have a close friend, the best way is to spend more time together.”可知，建立真正的友谊需要时间和用心。故选C。 Passage 11 （25-26八年级上·重庆渝北·期中）①Friends are very important in our lives. If you’re a quiet and shy person and want to know how to make friends, here’s some advice for you. ②Start with small things. If you have a feeling of loneliness (孤单), don’t be afraid of making friends with others. Always start with small steps. Begin communicating with one or two people to get comfortable in socializing (交际). That way your life will not be too busy, and you’ll learn something about communication. ③Get along with people who have similar interests to you. If you communicate with a few people first, get to know them and try to find your common interests. For example, if both of you like soccer or basketball, then sports can be a good topic between you and your friend. ④Remember quality over quantity. It’s always about having two or three good friendships instead of having ten unstable (不稳定) relationships. The more we care about quantity, the more tiring our lives will be. Try to make friends with those who help you in trouble. ⑤Keep positive (积极的) and never compare. Even if you can’t find your true friend in few months or years, you should keep on trying. Always keep your experiences in the past to continue building your friendships. Also, never forget that every person is special in his/her ways. So, don’t compare one friend of yours with another. Find out their differences and show your full respect. ⑥If you follow the advice above, you are sure to make your true friends. 1. Who is this passage mainly written for? A．Everyone. B．Teachers. C．Quiet people. D．A special person. 2. How many pieces of advice can we get from this passage? A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6. 3. Which saying can match (匹配) Paragraph ④ best? A．A good friend is like a mirror. B．A friend in need is a friend indeed. C．My best friend can bring out the best in me. D．Friends are like books—you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good. 4. What’s the right structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. D 【导语】本文是说明文，主要针对安静害羞的人，介绍了一些交朋友的建议。 1. 细节理解题。根据“If you’re a quiet and shy person and want to know how to make friends, here’s some advice for you.”可知，这篇文章主要是为安静害羞的人写的。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。全文给出的具体建议出现在第②③④⑤段，分别是“从小事做起”、“找兴趣相同的人”、“注重友谊质量胜于数量”和“保持积极心态并且不攀比”，共四条建议，故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据“Remember quality over quantity…”可知，第④段强调友谊要重质量而非数量，选项D“朋友就像书——你不需要很多，只要它们是好的就行。”与第④段内容相符。故选D。 4. 篇章结构题。文章第①段引出为安静害羞的人提供交友建议这一话题；第②-⑤段分别阐述了4条交友建议；第⑥段总结。选项D符合文章结构。故选D。 Passage 12 （25-26八年级上·四川眉山·期末）True friendship means caring for, helping, understanding and respecting each other. In daily life, this shows in many ways: friends share joy, support (支持) each other through hard times, talk about their problems calmly, make up after an argument, and accept that they each have different friends. Let’s see how real friends act. Friends bring joy to each other. Anna tells Alex a funny joke that makes him laugh out loud, and Alex does a silly dance to make Anna happy too. That’s exactly what true friends do. They also help one another: Amy helps Jack with schoolwork when he doesn’t understand, and Jack helps Amy get a book from the high bookcase. This is the true meaning of friendship. Sometimes a friend may feel sad about small matters. When Ben feels sad after losing a game, Lily tries her best to cheer him up with kind words. That’s what friends are for. Also, sometimes friends may argue about little misunderstandings—they just need to talk about their feelings calmly and say “sorry” later. Finally, good friends also accept that they each have different friends. Sometimes your friend might want to hang out with other people, or they might have a friend you don’t especially like. In these situations, it’s important to be understanding and respect their choices. Good friends give each other the space to have different friendships instead of getting jealous (嫉妒的) or upset. 1. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Friends help each other. B．Alex does a funny dance. C．Friends make each other laugh. D．Amy helps Jack with schoolwork. 2. How does the writer develop Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3? A．By asking questions. B．By telling stories. C．By showing results. D．By giving examples. 3. What is the main idea of the passage? A．How we can choose friends we like. B．What friends should do and the key to friendship. C．Why people need to say “I’m sorry” to friends. D．How we can deal with jealousy in friendship. 4. Which is the right structure of the passage? (①= Paragraph 1) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文围绕真正的友谊展开，指出真正的朋友应该互相带来快乐、彼此支持、理解并尊重对方的不同选择，还要学会在分歧后和好如初，包容对方拥有其他朋友。 【详解】1. 词句猜测题。根据“They also help one another: Amy helps Jack with schoolwork when he doesn’t understand, and Jack helps Amy get a book from the high bookcase. This is the true meaning of friendship.”可知，划线词前是给出朋友互相帮助的例子，因此“This”指代“朋友们互相帮助”，故选A。 2. 推理判断题。第二段中通过“Anna tells Alex a funny joke that makes him laugh out loud, and Alex does a silly dance to make Anna happy too.”以及“Amy helps Jack with schoolwork when he doesn’t understand, and Jack helps Amy get a book from the high bookcase.”这些例子来阐述朋友间的行为；第三段中通过“When Ben feels sad after losing a game, Lily tries her best to cheer him up with kind words.”这个例子来进一步说明朋友间的做法。所以作者是通过举例子的方式来展开第二段和第三段的，故选D。 3. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要阐述了真正的朋友应当相互关心、相互帮助、彼此理解尊重等，告诉我们“朋友需要做什么以及友谊的关键”，故选B。 4. 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段提出真正的友谊的含义并引出下文关于朋友行为及友谊关键等方面的阐述；第二段通过举例说明朋友间带来快乐和互相帮助；第三段举例说明朋友间处理悲伤和误解；第四段说明朋友要接受彼此有不同的朋友。整体是总分的结构，故选A。 2 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $