Unit 1 课时3 Section A Grammar Focus（分层作业）英语新教材鲁教版五四制九年级全一册

**基本信息** 本练习以“分层进阶+中考衔接”为特色，通过A/B/C组及拓展层的梯度设计，构建从词汇语法基础到语篇综合应用的知识巩固路径，兼顾语言能力夯实与思维品质提升。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组 巩固过关|核心词汇、基础句型、被动语态构成|机械默写与句型转换，强化语言知识记忆| |B组 能力进阶|词汇形态变化、语法在语境中应用|单词适当形式填空与语篇填空，衔接基础与综合| |C组 思维拔高|跨文化阅读、逻辑推理|阅读理解与完形填空，融入发明史与环保主题，提升思维深度| |拓展 链接中考|中考题型与考点|真题改编阅读及语法填空，培养应试能力与学习策略|

Unit 1 Power of Ideas 课时3 Section A (Grammar Focus) 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 电话 _______________ 2. 全世界 _______________ 3. 认为；推断 _______________ 4. 应当做（某事）或是（某物） _______________ 5. 车轮；轮子 _______________ 6. 旅游业 _______________ 7. 经济的；经济学的 _______________ 8. 获得；取得 _______________ 句型 1. 一个微型摄像头被连接在眼镜前端。 A mini-camera _________________ the front of the glasses. 2. 油和盐也由机器自身添加。 The oil and salt ___________________the machine itself. 3. 玩具、椅子、桌子甚至房屋都可以由3D打印机制作出来。 Toys, chairs, tables, and even houses can all _____________ the 3D printer. 4. 1901年，人类首次向大西洋彼岸发送无线电信息。 A radio message ___________ across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time in 1901. 语法 1. 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者（发出者）。 例句：We clean the room every day. （主语“we”执行“clean”的动作） 2. 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者（主语是主动语态句子中的宾语）。 例句：The room is cleaned every day. （主语“the room”承受“被清洁”的动作） 3.被动语态的基本构成形式： 主语+be（助动词）+过去分词 初中阶段重点掌握一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时及含有情态动词的被动语态。被动语态的时态通过助动词be的变化来体现。这个助动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。 1）一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are +动词过去分词。 如，The lights are usually turned on at 6:30. 2）一般过去时的被动语态：was/were +动词过去分词。 如，Our school was built in 1998. 3）一般将来时的被动语态：will be +动词过去分词。 如，The sports meeting will be held tomorrow. 4）含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词（should/can/may/must/---) be + 动词过去分词 This job must be done as soon as possible. . 一、单词默写。 1. 电话 _______________ 2. 认为；推断 _______________ 3. 车轮；轮子 _______________ 4. 冻硬的；冰封的 _______________ 5. 东部的；向东的 _______________ 6. 层；表层 _______________ 7. （使）融化；逐渐消失 _______________ 8. 管道；管子；烟斗 _______________ 9. 旅游业 _______________ 10. 经济的；经济学的 _______________ 11. 获得；取得 _______________ 二、词组默写。 1. 全世界 _______________ 2. 应当做（某事）或是（某物） _______________ 3. 人们相信 _______________ 4. 一段很远的距离 _______________ 5. 海拔 _______________ 6. 学到的教训与积累的经验 _______________ 三、根据要求写出单词的相应形式 1. tour n./v. 旅行，游览： ________ n. 旅游业；______ n. 游客;______ adj. 适合旅游的，游客多的 2. economic adj. 经济的；经济学的: ___________n. 经济 3. freeze v. 结冰，冷冻:___________ adj. 冻硬的；冰封的 4. east n./adv. 东方；向东___________adj. 东部的；向东的 四、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 按下按钮启动机器时，本不该发出这么大的噪音。 It___________________make such a loud noise when the button was pressed to start the machine. 2. 人们认为世界上最古老的轮子出土于东欧。 ______________________ the world's oldest wheel was found in Eastern Europe. 3.1. 在一些地区，冻土之上无法修建铁路。 In some places, ______________________ build the railway over the frozen ground 4. 修建这条铁路所吸取的教训和积累的经验，将有助于改善世界上其他类似地区的交通。 ______________________________ from building this railway will help (to) improve transport in other similar places in the world. 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.____________(tour) helps develop local villages. 2.We need to find a new ___________(economy) development way. 3.We bought some __________(freeze) fish in the shop. 4.__________(east)culture is full of charm. 5.In 2019, an exhibition ____ ____ （hold) at the China National Museum in Beijing. 6. Ancient China developed over 200 special sports. Many of them have a long history, and _______ (believe) to share similarities with modern sports. 7.Now, many old people have trouble in using smartphones. They should ______________ （give) more support. 8. AI tools ________ (use) in more fields in the future. 二、阅读填空。 The Qinghai–Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. It connectsXining to Lhasa, a huge distance of 1,956 kilometres, and it is the 1._________(high)railway in the world, reaching 5,072 metres 2.________ sea level at Tanggula Pass. The building of the railway was a great challenge. Creative ideas 3.__________ (need) to solve different problems. In summer, the top layer of the 4._________(freeze) ground would melt and become too soft to build on, so pipes were used to keep the ground hard. However, in some places, it was impossible 5.________(build) the railway over the frozen ground, 6._______ tunnels had to be created instead. In some other places, bridges were built 7._______( keep) the railway up above the ground. These bridges are animal-friendly and allow 8._______( animal) to pass under the tracks. As 9._______ important and successful project, the railway has increased tourism and economic development in the area. The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway 10._________( help ) to improve transport in other similar places in the world. 一、阅读理解 A Every educated Chinese knows Bi Sheng, who invented movable-type printing, one of China’s Four Great Inventions. Bi Sheng lived in Bianliang, Kaifeng today, during the Northern Song Dynasty (960–1127). At that time, people used block printing. Workers carved whole pages on one big wood block. It took months to make one block and you could not reuse it. Bi Sheng wanted a better way. He carved single Chinese characters on small clay pieces. After baking them in fire, the clay types became hard and strong. He could stick these small types on an iron plate to print one page. After printing, he took the types off and reused them for new pages. Bi Sheng’s great invention was written down in The Dream Pool Essays, a famous science book by Shen Kuo. Movable-type printing greatly speeded up book-making and spread knowledge all over the world. 1. What did Bi Sheng invent? A. Paper B. Movable-type printing C. Seismograph D. Earmuffs 2. What was the problem with old block printing? A. The blocks could not be reused B. It used expensive paper C. It needed clay to print D. It could only print one word each time 3. What material did Bi Sheng use to make type characters? A. Wood B. Silk C. Clay D. Metal 4. Who recorded Bi Sheng’s invention in a book? A. Zhang Heng B. Shen Kuo C. Cai Lun D. Zu Chongzhi 5. What good did movable-type printing bring? A. It made clay more popular B. It helped people make books faster C. It stopped people from carving wood D. It changed the way people write characters B Across the world, humans buy around 1.3 billion single-use plastic bottles a day. However, only about 9% of them are recycled and most of them end up in landfills, the ocean or elsewhere in nature. When beach-loving Madison Checketts noticed that many plastic bottles polluted the sand during her family trip to California, the 12-year-old American girl realized that this needed to be changed. So for her school science project, she decided to focus on reducing plastic litter. During her research, Madison came across a special method of packing water within an eatable material—a gel membrane. At that time, the girl got her idea: She would design an eatable water bottle called the Eco-Hero. To carry out her idea, Madison developed the method by doing scientific tests with common food additives. She also learned from previous research on eatable water bottles. Based on the past research, she improved the method and made her bottles bigger and able to last for a longer time. She found that water, lemon juice and other chemicals could be used together to make a gel bag that wouldn’t break. And the bag could hold up to 3/4 cup of water and could be kept in the fridge for three weeks. “My biggest goal with this project is to help the world,” says the young inventor. She hopes her invention can encourage others to take better care of the planet. “It doesn’t necessarily have to be in a big way,” she adds. “People can make a difference in the world, even if it’s just in a small way.” 6. How many plastic bottles are recycled? A. Around 1.3 billion. B. About 91%. C. About 9%. D. 3/4. 7. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The reason why Madison did the project. B. The results of Madison’s project. C. The influence of plastic bottles. D. The hobby of Madison. 8. Madison got the idea of designing an eatable water bottle during ______. A. her family trip B. her research C. her scientific tests D. her talk with teachers 9. What does the underlined word “previous” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Great. B. Past. C. Common. D. Interesting. 10. Which can be the best title for the passage? A. Plastic Bottle Pollution B. A Cool Invention C. Ways to Solve Pollution D. Eatable Water Bottle 二、完形填空 While I was driving my car in a small Colorado town, I stopped as a group of people crossed the road. As I watched, I 1 a thin, poorly dressed old lady. She was taking a 2 suitcase (行李箱) and walked slowly. She managed to carry it for several meters before setting it down on the ground. After trying several times, she was still wondering how to deal with it 3 the traffic started to move again. Having experienced similar situations in the past when I travelled, I stopped my car beside her and 4 through the window, “Excuse me. Would you like a 5 ?” She stopped, looked at me with a feeling of 6 and then started to walk uncertainly toward me, pulling her suitcase hard. “If you want to tell me where you’re going, I’ll drop you off. That suitcase looks 7 heavy,” I said. “Well, all right,” she just answered in a 8 voice. And after we had both lifted her suitcase into the back of my car, she got into the car and sat on the front seat 9 a word. I wanted to start a conversation which seems a 10 , except for directions to her destination (目的地). When we arrived there and got her suitcase down, she 11 her hand into a pocket, saying, “How much should I 12 you? I don’t have enough money.” Surprised, I said, “Nothing. I was very glad to be able to help you.” Her expression changed at once 13 she looked at me unbelievably. “Well, thank you, lady. No one has been 14 to me like that before. God bless you.” Then she disappeared down the street, while 15 warm rose from my heart. 1．A．visited B．noticed C．caught D．minded 2．A．beautiful B．light C．small D．heavy 3．A．until B．if C．when D．while 4．A．got on B．gave up C．looked for D．called out 5．A．ride B．map C．talk D．rest 6．A．guess B．doubt C．agreement D．happiness 7．A．easily B．awfully C．hardly D．fully 8．A．happy B．warm C．cold D．sharp 9．A．without B．in C．with D．by 10．A．success B．blow C．fool D．failure 11．A．drew B．shook C．dug D．raised 12．A．spend B．pay C．award D．take 13．A．or B．yet C．but D．and 14．A．kind B．wild C．right D．strict 15．A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 一、阅读理解 A （2025· 济南中考） Looking your best means finding out what’s nice about you and showing that side to the world. Of many ways to make you look great, the following aspects (方面) may be easy but of great help. Make yourself look tidy. Clothes are one of the first things people notice about each other. Maybe you have clothes in different colors, sizes and styles, but as teenagers, wearing clean and neat (整洁的) clothes comes first. Smile more often. Wearing a real smile will truly catch people’s eyes, and it is a simple way to make yourself look great every day. Remember to brush your teeth every morning before you go out. This will help your smile look bright and pleasant. ________ It takes some practice to improve your posture (姿势). Don’t stand, sit or move in a lazy way. Try to stand and sit up straight. Believe it or not, it will make a big difference in your looks right away. 1. How many aspects about people’s looks are mentioned? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 2. What is the most important in wearing clothes? A. The tidiness. B. The size. C. The style. D. The color. 3. Which of the following can be suitable for ________? A. Sit up straight. B. Practice takes time. C. Move in a right way. D. Have beautiful posture. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. How to get popular. B. How to look different. C. How to look your best. D. How to behave yourself. 5. Who is the text probably written for? A. Actors. B. Parents. C. Teachers. D. Students. B(阅读还原） （2025·济南中考） “What do you think I should do?” asks your friend, as she sits beside you, waiting for your advice. This is no easy situation. Say something your friend disagrees with or something helpless, and you might feel you’ve disappointed her. It’s human nature to want to offer solutions when someone comes to you with a problem. It’s also easy to fall into the trap of simply saying that “Everything will be OK”. ____6____ But we often say that because we believe we need to say something. This is because we’re glad that our friend has come to us for help, even if we don’t really think we’re able to give it. ____7____ The answer is yes... if it’s done in the right way. In fact, friends often really only want someone to listen to them. It’s important to try to work out whether they’re actually asking for advice, or simply wanting to talk over whatever is going round in their head. ____8___ There’s no harm in asking whether they’d like you to give suggestions. It’s also important to be honest. If you’re unable to think of a way to solve your friends’ problem, just say so. Your friends won’t feel upset, and you can still listen carefully and try to put yourself in their shoes. ____9____ You can ask yourself “What would I do if I were to experience the same thing?” Later you can go back to your friends with a few helpful suggestions. ____10___ It can be hard to listen to your friends going over and over the same thing without being able to help them. They will certainly be thankful if you just allow them to “talk it out”, though. Maybe they’re building up courage to take action, and need to convince (说服) themselves they’re doing the right thing. Just being there for them may be all you have to do to make things better. A. Friendship is the most important to us. B. This is not actually useful for your friend. C. So is it a good idea to try to give advice at all? D. You can find someone else to ask for their ideas. E. Sometimes a problem doesn’t go away overnight. F. Talking may make people feel better all by themselves. G. Then you can go away and try to think of something helpful. 二、阅读填空 （2026·济南天桥区三模） Every morning, 53-year-old Chen Ming walks 15 kilometres along the Yangtze River. As he 1._________ (do) so, he often stops to talk to the people picnicking beside the water or to watch the birds catch fish in the 2._______ (river) clear water. While one might think that he is just out for exercise, he is 3.__________ (actual) working. Mr Chen is a “Guardian of the River”. His job is to walk along the river and make sure that no one 4.__________ (fish) in it or polluting it. Mr Chen was not a “Guardian of the River” before. He grew up on the banks of the Yangtze River and used to be a fisherman, like 5.__________ (he) father. Back then, parts of the river were smelly and yellow because of the waste 6.__________ factories and homes. Fishermen were also catching too many fish. As a result, 7._________ number of fish and plants in the river was dropping quickly. The government took action to deal with the problem 8.__________ it was too late. New waste centers 9.________ (build) to clean the wastewater before it went into the river. Laws were made to stop new factories from being built near the river. Boats were sent out to clean up the rubbish. Finally, fishing was banned in the Yangtze River for 10 years from 2020. Mr Chen and other fishermen were given new jobs as guardians 10._________ (protect) the river. $ Unit 1 Power of Ideas 课时3 Section A (Grammar Focus) 分层作业 参考答案 核心知识速记 词汇 1. telephone 2. all over the world 3. suppose 4. be supposed to do / be sth 5. wheel 6. tourism 7. economic 8. gain 句型 1. is connected to 2. are also added by 3.be made by 4. was sent 一、单词默写。 1. telephone 2. suppose 3. wheel 4. frozen 5. eastern 6. layer 7. melt 8. pipe 9. tourism 10. economic 11. gain 二、词组默写。 1. all over the world 2. be supposed to do / be sth 3. It is believed that 4. a huge distance of 5. above sea level 6. the lessons learnt and experience gained 三、根据要求写出单词的相应形式 1. tourism ; tourist ; touristy 2. economy 3. frozen 4. eastern 四、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. wasn't supposed to 2.It is believed that 3.it was impossible to 4.The lessons learnt and experience gained 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Tourism 2. economic 3.frozen 4.Eastern 5.was held 6.are believed 7. be given 8.will be used 二、阅读填空。 1. highest 2. above 3. were needed 4. frozen 5. to build 6. so 7. to keep 8. animals 9. an 10. will help 一、阅读理解 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. D 二、完形填空 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C 一、阅读理解 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. F 9. G 10. E 二、阅读填空 1. does 2. river’s 3. actually 4. is fishing 5. his 6. from 7. the 8. before 9. were built 10. to protect ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Power of Ideas 课时3 Section A (Grammar Focus) 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 电话 telephone 2. 全世界 all over the world 3. 认为；推断 suppose 4. 应当做（某事）或是（某物） be supposed to do / be sth 5. 车轮；轮子 wheel 6. 旅游业 tourism 7. 经济的；经济学的 economic 8. 获得；取得 gain 句型 1. 一个微型摄像头被连接在眼镜前端。 A mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses. 2. 油和盐也由机器自身添加。 The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself. 3. 玩具、椅子、桌子甚至房屋都可以由3D打印机制作出来。 Toys, chairs, tables, and even houses can all be made by the 3D printer. 4. 1901年，人类首次向大西洋彼岸发送无线电信息。 A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time in 1901. 语法 1. 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者（发出者）。 例句：We clean the room every day. （主语“we”执行“clean”的动作） 2. 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者（主语是主动语态句子中的宾语）。 例句：The room is cleaned every day. （主语“the room”承受“被清洁”的动作） 3.被动语态的基本构成形式： 主语+be（助动词）+过去分词 初中阶段重点掌握一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时及含有情态动词的被动语态。被动语态的时态通过助动词be的变化来体现。这个助动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。 1）一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are +动词过去分词。 如，The lights are usually turned on at 6:30. 2）一般过去时的被动语态：was/were +动词过去分词。 如，Our school was built in 1998. 3）一般将来时的被动语态：will be +动词过去分词。 如，The sports meeting will be held tomorrow. 4）含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词（should/can/may/must/---) be + 动词过去分词 This job must be done as soon as possible. . 一、单词默写。 1. 电话 _______________ 2. 认为；推断 _______________ 3. 车轮；轮子 _______________ 4. 冻硬的；冰封的 _______________ 5. 东部的；向东的 _______________ 6. 层；表层 _______________ 7. （使）融化；逐渐消失 _______________ 8. 管道；管子；烟斗 _______________ 9. 旅游业 _______________ 10. 经济的；经济学的 _______________ 11. 获得；取得 _______________ 【答案】1. telephone 2. suppose 3. wheel 4. frozen 5. eastern 6. layer 7. melt 8. pipe 9. tourism 10. economic 11. gain 二、词组默写。 1. 全世界 _______________ 2. 应当做（某事）或是（某物） _______________ 3. 人们相信 _______________ 4. 一段很远的距离 _______________ 5. 海拔 _______________ 6. 学到的教训与积累的经验 ______________ 【答案】1. all over the world 2. be supposed to do / be sth 3. It is believed that 4. a huge distance of 5. above sea level 6. the lessons learnt and experience gained 三、根据要求写出单词的相应形式 1. tour n./v. 旅行，游览： ________ n. 旅游业；______ n. 游客;______ adj. 适合旅游的，游客多的 2. economic adj. 经济的；经济学的: ___________n. 经济 3. freeze v. 结冰，冷冻:___________ adj. 冻硬的；冰封的 4. east n./adv. 东方；向东___________adj. 东部的；向东的 【答案】1. tourism ; tourist ; touristy 2. economy 3. frozen 4. eastern 四、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 按下按钮启动机器时，本不该发出这么大的噪音。 It___________________make such a loud noise when the button was pressed to start the machine. 2. 人们认为世界上最古老的轮子出土于东欧。 ______________________ the world's oldest wheel was found in Eastern Europe. 3.1. 在一些地区，冻土之上无法修建铁路。 In some places, ______________________ build the railway over the frozen ground 4. 修建这条铁路所吸取的教训和积累的经验，将有助于改善世界上其他类似地区的交通。 ______________________________ from building this railway will help (to) improve transport in other similar places in the world. 【答案】1. wasn't supposed to 2.It is believed that 3.it was impossible to 4.The lessons learnt and experience gained 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.____________(tour) helps develop local villages. 2.We need to find a new ___________(economy) development way. 3.We bought some __________(freeze) fish in the shop. 4.__________(east)culture is full of charm. 5.In 2019, an exhibition ____ ____ （hold) at the China National Museum in Beijing. 6. Ancient China developed over 200 special sports. Many of them have a long history, and _______ (believe) to share similarities with modern sports. 7.Now, many old people have trouble in using smartphones. They should ______________ （give) more support. 8. AI tools ________ (use) in more fields in the future. 【答案】1. Tourism 2. economic 3.frozen 4.Eastern 5.was held 6.are believed 7. be given 8.will be used 【解析】 1.句意：旅游业助力乡村发展。tour 旅行；tourism 旅游业，作句子主语。 2.句意：我们需要找到一条新的经济发展道路。 形容词economic修饰development。 3.句意：我们在商店买了些冻鱼。frozen fish 冷冻鱼，固定搭配。 4. 句意：东方文化富有魅力。Eastern 东方的，形容词修饰culture，句首大写。 5.句意：2019年，一场展览在北京国家博物馆举办。2019为过去时；exhibition（展览）和hold是被动关系，单数主语用was held。 6.句意：其中许多运动都有着悠久的历史，并且人们认为它们与现代体育运动有着相似之处。本句主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填are believed。 7.根据中英对照，空处缺少“被给与”，给：give，此处和主语之间是被动关系，故句子用含有情态动词的被动语态should be done。故填be given。 8.句意：将来，人工智能工具将被用于更多的领域。 考查时态。根据“in the future”可知原句是将来时态，排除A、C；根据“AI tools”可知人工智能工具将被使用，应用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。 二、阅读填空。 The Qinghai–Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. It connectsXining to Lhasa, a huge distance of 1,956 kilometres, and it is the 1._________(high)railway in the world, reaching 5,072 metres 2.________ sea level at Tanggula Pass. The building of the railway was a great challenge. Creative ideas 3.__________ (need) to solve different problems. In summer, the top layer of the 4._________(freeze) ground would melt and become too soft to build on, so pipes were used to keep the ground hard. However, in some places, it was impossible 5.________(build) the railway over the frozen ground, 6._______ tunnels had to be created instead. In some other places, bridges were built 7._______( keep) the railway up above the ground. These bridges are animal-friendly and allow 8._______( animal) to pass under the tracks. As 9._______ important and successful project, the railway has increased tourism and economic development in the area. The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway 10._________( help ) to improve transport in other similar places in the world. 【答案】1. highest 2. above 3. were needed 4. frozen 5. to build 6. so 7. to keep 8. animals 9. an 10. will help 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍世界海拔最高的青藏铁路，描述了铁路修建过程中遇到的重重难题、应对冻土与保护野生动物的特殊施工方案，并说明该工程积累的宝贵经验将助力全球同类高原地区完善交通建设。 1. 句意：它是世界上海拔最高的铁路。范围词in the world限定，形容词high使用最高级highest。 2. 句意：唐古拉山口海拔达到5072米。固定搭配 above sea level，意为“海拔”。 3. 句意：人们需要创新方案去解决各类难题。全文为过去时态；主语creative ideas和need是被动关系，复数主语搭配were needed。 4. 句意：夏季冻土地表层会融化，土质变软无法施工。frozen为形容词，frozen ground 固定短语“冻土”。 5. 句意：在部分区域，根本无法在冻土层上修建铁路。固定句型 it was impossible to do sth.，不定式作真正主语。 6.句意：无法在冻土上铺轨，因此人们只能修建隧道。前半句是原因，后半句是结果，连词so表“因此”。 7. 句意：其余区域搭建桥梁，使铁路高出地面。不定式to do作目的状语，说明修桥梁的目的。 8. 句意：桥梁设计对动物友好，可供动物从轨道下方穿行。泛指所有野生动物，用名词复数animals。 9. 句意：作为一项意义重大、成果显著的工程。important以元音音素开头，不定冠词用an。 10. 句意：修建铁路收获的经验教训，将会帮助世界其他相似地区改善交通。经验会在日后产生价值，描述未来的作用，使用一般将来时will+动词原形。 一、阅读理解 A Every educated Chinese knows Bi Sheng, who invented movable-type printing, one of China’s Four Great Inventions. Bi Sheng lived in Bianliang, Kaifeng today, during the Northern Song Dynasty (960–1127). At that time, people used block printing. Workers carved whole pages on one big wood block. It took months to make one block and you could not reuse it. Bi Sheng wanted a better way. He carved single Chinese characters on small clay pieces. After baking them in fire, the clay types became hard and strong. He could stick these small types on an iron plate to print one page. After printing, he took the types off and reused them for new pages. Bi Sheng’s great invention was written down in The Dream Pool Essays, a famous science book by Shen Kuo. Movable-type printing greatly speeded up book-making and spread knowledge all over the world. 1. What did Bi Sheng invent? A. Paper B. Movable-type printing C. Seismograph D. Earmuffs 2. What was the problem with old block printing? A. The blocks could not be reused B. It used expensive paper C. It needed clay to print D. It could only print one word each time 3. What material did Bi Sheng use to make type characters? A. Wood B. Silk C. Clay D. Metal 4. Who recorded Bi Sheng’s invention in a book? A. Zhang Heng B. Shen Kuo C. Cai Lun D. Zu Chongzhi 5. What good did movable-type printing bring? A. It made clay more popular B. It helped people make books faster C. It stopped people from carving wood D. It changed the way people write characters 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了四大发明之一活字印刷术的发明者毕昇，对比了传统雕版印刷的缺陷，讲述毕昇泥活字的制作与使用方法，同时说明沈括在书中记载了这项发明，以及活字印刷术加快书籍制作、推动知识传播的重要作用。 1. 根据原文第一段“Every educated Chinese knows Bi Sheng, who invented movable-type printing”，可直接找到毕昇的发明是活字印刷术，故选B。 2. 根据原文第二段“It took months to make one block and you could not reuse it”，能看出雕版印刷的问题是印版无法重复使用，故选A。 3. 根据原文第三段“He carved single Chinese characters on small clay pieces”，可知毕昇使用胶泥来制作活字，故选C。 4. 根据原文第四段“Bi Sheng’s great invention was written down in The Dream Pool Essays, a famous science book by Shen Kuo”，是沈括将这项发明记录在书中，故选B。 5. 根据原文最后一句“Movable-type printing greatly speeded up book-making and spread knowledge all over the world”，活字印刷大幅加快了书籍制作速度，故选B。 B Across the world, humans buy around 1.3 billion single-use plastic bottles a day. However, only about 9% of them are recycled and most of them end up in landfills, the ocean or elsewhere in nature. When beach-loving Madison Checketts noticed that many plastic bottles polluted the sand during her family trip to California, the 12-year-old American girl realized that this needed to be changed. So for her school science project, she decided to focus on reducing plastic litter. During her research, Madison came across a special method of packing water within an eatable material—a gel membrane. At that time, the girl got her idea: She would design an eatable water bottle called the Eco-Hero. To carry out her idea, Madison developed the method by doing scientific tests with common food additives. She also learned from previous research on eatable water bottles. Based on the past research, she improved the method and made her bottles bigger and able to last for a longer time. She found that water, lemon juice and other chemicals could be used together to make a gel bag that wouldn’t break. And the bag could hold up to 3/4 cup of water and could be kept in the fridge for three weeks. “My biggest goal with this project is to help the world,” says the young inventor. She hopes her invention can encourage others to take better care of the planet. “It doesn’t necessarily have to be in a big way,” she adds. “People can make a difference in the world, even if it’s just in a small way.” 6. How many plastic bottles are recycled? A. Around 1.3 billion. B. About 91%. C. About 9%. D. 3/4. 7. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The reason why Madison did the project. B. The results of Madison’s project. C. The influence of plastic bottles. D. The hobby of Madison. 8. Madison got the idea of designing an eatable water bottle during ______. A. her family trip B. her research C. her scientific tests D. her talk with teachers 9. What does the underlined word “previous” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Great. B. Past. C. Common. D. Interesting. 10. Which can be the best title for the passage? A. Plastic Bottle Pollution B. A Cool Invention C. Ways to Solve Pollution D. Eatable Water Bottle 【答案】6. C 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述十二岁美国女孩Madison发现塑料瓶污染环境后，在科学课题中研究并发明可食用水瓶Eco-Hero的故事，介绍了水瓶的制作原料、储存时长等相关细节，同时体现出女孩希望用微小发明号召大家爱护地球的心愿。 6. 根据原文第一段“However, only about 9% of them are recycled”，仅有大约9%的塑料瓶被回收，故选C。 7. 根据原文第二段，Madison在加州旅行时看到塑料瓶污染沙滩，于是决定开展减少塑料垃圾的课题，本段交代了她做这个项目的缘由，故选A。 8. 根据原文第三段“During her research, Madison came across a special method... the girl got her idea”，她是在研究过程中萌生了发明可食用水瓶的想法，故选B。 9. 根据原文第四段“She also learned from previous research”下一句“Based on the past research”，两句相互对应，previous和past含义一致，意为先前的，故选B。 10. 全文围绕Madison发明可食用水瓶展开，塑料污染只是引出发明的背景，文章并未介绍多种治污方法，B选项表述宽泛，D最贴合文章核心内容，故选D。 二、完形填空 While I was driving my car in a small Colorado town, I stopped as a group of people crossed the road. As I watched, I 1 a thin, poorly dressed old lady. She was taking a 2 suitcase (行李箱) and walked slowly. She managed to carry it for several meters before setting it down on the ground. After trying several times, she was still wondering how to deal with it 3 the traffic started to move again. Having experienced similar situations in the past when I travelled, I stopped my car beside her and 4 through the window, “Excuse me. Would you like a 5 ?” She stopped, looked at me with a feeling of 6 and then started to walk uncertainly toward me, pulling her suitcase hard. “If you want to tell me where you’re going, I’ll drop you off. That suitcase looks 7 heavy,” I said. “Well, all right,” she just answered in a 8 voice. And after we had both lifted her suitcase into the back of my car, she got into the car and sat on the front seat 9 a word. I wanted to start a conversation which seems a 10 , except for directions to her destination (目的地). When we arrived there and got her suitcase down, she 11 her hand into a pocket, saying, “How much should I 12 you? I don’t have enough money.” Surprised, I said, “Nothing. I was very glad to be able to help you.” Her expression changed at once 13 she looked at me unbelievably. “Well, thank you, lady. No one has been 14 to me like that before. God bless you.” Then she disappeared down the street, while 15 warm rose from my heart. 1．A．visited B．noticed C．caught D．minded 2．A．beautiful B．light C．small D．heavy 3．A．until B．if C．when D．while 4．A．got on B．gave up C．looked for D．called out 5．A．ride B．map C．talk D．rest 6．A．guess B．doubt C．agreement D．happiness 7．A．easily B．awfully C．hardly D．fully 8．A．happy B．warm C．cold D．sharp 9．A．without B．in C．with D．by 10．A．success B．blow C．fool D．failure 11．A．drew B．shook C．dug D．raised 12．A．spend B．pay C．award D．take 13．A．or B．yet C．but D．and 14．A．kind B．wild C．right D．strict 15．A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在开车时看到一位拿着沉重行李箱的老妇人，主动提出送她一程。在帮助她到达目的地并拒绝收费后，老妇人表达了感激之情，这让作者内心充满了温暖。 1．句意：当我观察的时候，我注意到一个瘦弱、衣着简陋的老妇人。 visited参观；noticed注意到；caught抓住；minded介意。根据“As I watched”和后文描述可知，作者是在观察人群时“注意到”这位老妇人，其他选项不符合语境。故选B。 2．句意：她拿着一个沉重的行李箱，走得很慢。 beautiful美丽的；light轻的；small小的；heavy重的。根据“She managed to carry it for several meters before setting it down on the ground.”和“That suitcase looks...heavy”可知，行李箱很重。故选D。 3．句意：试了好几次之后，她还是不知道该如何处理它，这时交通又开始移动了。 until直到；if如果；when当……时；while当……时（后接延续性动词）。根据语境，老妇人尝试了好几次还是不知道怎么搬箱子，这时车流又开始移动了。“the traffic started to move” 是短暂性动作，用 when 引导时间状语从句。故选 C。 4．句意：我过去旅行时也遇到过类似的情况，于是我把车停在她旁边，从车窗探出头来喊道：“对不起。您想搭个便车吗？” got on上车；gave up放弃；looked for寻找；called out喊道。根据“through the window”可知，应该是从车窗“喊道”。故选D。 5．句意：您想搭个便车吗？ ride便车；map地图；talk谈话；rest休息。根据“I stopped my car beside her”和“If you want to tell me where you’re going, I’ll drop you off.”可知，作者是问老妇人是否想搭个“便车”。故选A。 6．句意：她停了下来，带着怀疑的神情看着我，然后不确定地向我走来，使劲拉着她的行李箱。 guess猜测；doubt怀疑；agreement同意；happiness高兴。根据“then started to walk uncertainly toward me”可知，老妇人不确定作者的意图，所以是带着“怀疑”的神情。故选B。 7．句意：那个手提箱看起来非常重。 easily容易地；awfully非常，很；hardly几乎不；fully充分地。根据“She was taking a...suitcase (行李箱) and walked slowly.”和“That suitcase looks...heavy”可知，行李箱“非常”重，其他选项不符合语境。故选B。 8．句意：“嗯，好吧，”她只是冷冷地回答。 happy高兴的；warm温暖的；cold冷淡的；sharp尖锐的。根据“then started to walk uncertainly toward me”和“Well, all right”可知，老妇人此时对作者还有怀疑，所以是“冷淡地”回答。故选C。 9．句意：等我们都把她的箱子抬到车后座后，她上了车，一句话也没说就坐在前排座位上。 without没有；in在……里；with和；by通过。根据“she got into the car and sat on the front seat...a word”可知，老妇人“没说话”就坐在了前排座位上，用without表示伴随。故选A。 10．句意：我想开始一段对话，但似乎除了告诉她去目的地的方向外，都失败了。 success成功；blow吹；fool傻瓜；failure失败。根据“except for directions to her destination”可知，此处指对话都“失败”了，其他选项不符合语境。故选D。 11．句意：当我们到达那里并把她的行李箱拿下来时，她把手伸进口袋。 drew拉，抽；shook摇动；dug挖，掏；raised举起。根据后文 “her hand into a pocket” 可知，老妇人把手伸进口袋里，想拿钱给作者，dig one’s hand into... 是固定搭配，意为 “把手伸进……”。故选C。 12．句意：当我们到达那里，把她的箱子拿下来时，她把手伸进口袋说：“我该付你多少钱？我没有足够的钱。” spend花费；pay支付；award奖励；take拿。根据“How much should I...you?”和“I don’t have enough money.”可知，老妇人问该“支付”作者多少钱，其他选项不符合语境。故选B。 13．句意：当她难以置信地看着我时，她的表情立刻变了。 or或者；yet然而；but但是；and和。根据“Her expression changed at once...she looked at me unbelievably.”可知，此处表示顺承关系，用and连接。故选D。 14．句意：以前没有人对我这么好。 kind善良的；wild野生的；right正确的；strict严格的。根据“I was very glad to be able to help you.”和“No one has been...to me like that before.”可知，作者帮助了老妇人，所以老妇人认为作者很“善良”，其他选项不符合语境。故选A。 15．句意：然后她消失在街上，而我心中涌起一股暖流。 nothing没有什么；anything任何东西；something某物；everything一切。根据“Then she disappeared down the street, while...warm rose from my heart.”可知，作者心中涌起一股暖流，用something表示“某物”，为肯定含义。故选C。 一、阅读理解 A （2025· 济南中考） Looking your best means finding out what’s nice about you and showing that side to the world. Of many ways to make you look great, the following aspects (方面) may be easy but of great help. Make yourself look tidy. Clothes are one of the first things people notice about each other. Maybe you have clothes in different colors, sizes and styles, but as teenagers, wearing clean and neat (整洁的) clothes comes first. Smile more often. Wearing a real smile will truly catch people’s eyes, and it is a simple way to make yourself look great every day. Remember to brush your teeth every morning before you go out. This will help your smile look bright and pleasant. ________ It takes some practice to improve your posture (姿势). Don’t stand, sit or move in a lazy way. Try to stand and sit up straight. Believe it or not, it will make a big difference in your looks right away. 1. How many aspects about people’s looks are mentioned? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 2. What is the most important in wearing clothes? A. The tidiness. B. The size. C. The style. D. The color. 3. Which of the following can be suitable for ________? A. Sit up straight. B. Practice takes time. C. Move in a right way. D. Have beautiful posture. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. How to get popular. B. How to look different. C. How to look your best. D. How to behave yourself. 5. Who is the text probably written for? A. Actors. B. Parents. C. Teachers. D. Students. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 【解析】 【导语】本文从三个方面讲述了如何让自己看起来更好。 1.细节理解题。根据“Make yourself look tidy.”、“Smile more often.”及“It takes some practice to improve your posture (姿势).”可知，本文介绍了三个方面。故选B。 2.细节理解题。根据“but as teenagers, wearing clean and neat (整洁的) clothes comes first.”可知，穿着干净整洁是最重要的。故选A。 3.最佳标题题。根据“It takes some practice to improve your posture (姿势).”可知，本段主要是介绍要有好的姿势。故选D。 4.主旨大意题。根据“Of many ways to make you look great, the following aspects (方面) may be easy but of great help.”及全文可知，本文主要是介绍了如何让自己看起来更好。故选C。 5.推理判断题。根据“but as teenagers, wearing clean and neat (整洁的) clothes comes first.”可推知，文章是写给青少年，也即是学生的。故选D。 B(阅读还原） （2025·济南中考） “What do you think I should do?” asks your friend, as she sits beside you, waiting for your advice. This is no easy situation. Say something your friend disagrees with or something helpless, and you might feel you’ve disappointed her. It’s human nature to want to offer solutions when someone comes to you with a problem. It’s also easy to fall into the trap of simply saying that “Everything will be OK”. ____6____ But we often say that because we believe we need to say something. This is because we’re glad that our friend has come to us for help, even if we don’t really think we’re able to give it. ____7____ The answer is yes... if it’s done in the right way. In fact, friends often really only want someone to listen to them. It’s important to try to work out whether they’re actually asking for advice, or simply wanting to talk over whatever is going round in their head. ____8___ There’s no harm in asking whether they’d like you to give suggestions. It’s also important to be honest. If you’re unable to think of a way to solve your friends’ problem, just say so. Your friends won’t feel upset, and you can still listen carefully and try to put yourself in their shoes. ____9____ You can ask yourself “What would I do if I were to experience the same thing?” Later you can go back to your friends with a few helpful suggestions. ____10___ It can be hard to listen to your friends going over and over the same thing without being able to help them. They will certainly be thankful if you just allow them to “talk it out”, though. Maybe they’re building up courage to take action, and need to convince (说服) themselves they’re doing the right thing. Just being there for them may be all you have to do to make things better. A. Friendship is the most important to us. B. This is not actually useful for your friend. C. So is it a good idea to try to give advice at all? D. You can find someone else to ask for their ideas. E. Sometimes a problem doesn’t go away overnight. F. Talking may make people feel better all by themselves. G. Then you can go away and try to think of something helpful. 【答案】6. B 7. C 8. F 9. G 10. E 【解析】 【导语】本文主要探讨当朋友寻求建议时如何有效回应，强调倾听比直接给建议更重要。 6.根据上文“It’s also easy to fall into the trap of simply saying that ‘Everything will be OK’.”可知，上文提到“陷阱”，既然是陷阱，就说明这种回应存在问题，选项B“这对你的朋友来说其实没什么用”符合语境，与上下文逻辑衔接。故选B。 7.根据下文“The answer is yes...”可知，此处应是“问句”，以引出下文的解答，选项C“所以，尝试给出建议到底是不是个好主意呢”符合语境。故选C。 8.根据“In fact, friends often really only want someone to listen to them.”可知，本段核心是“朋友可能只需要倾诉”，选项F“倾诉本身就能让人感觉更好”符合语境，与段落主旨相符。故选F。 9.根据上文“you can still listen carefully and try to put yourself in their shoes”和下文“...Later you can go back to your friends with a few helpful suggestions.”可知，继续认真倾听并换位思考，下文提到回来后再提供有用建议，说明中间稍作离开，选项G“然后你就可以离开，试着想些有帮助的办法”符合语境。故选G。 10.根据下文“to listen to your friends going over and over the same thing”和“Maybe they’re building up courage to take action, and need to convince (说服) themselves they’re doing the right thing.”可知，“反复倾听”与“朋友可能在积蓄勇气”都在说明问题可能持续存在，选项E“有时候问题不会在一夜之间消失”符合语境。故选E。 二、阅读填空 （2026·济南天桥区三模） Every morning, 53-year-old Chen Ming walks 15 kilometres along the Yangtze River. As he 1._________ (do) so, he often stops to talk to the people picnicking beside the water or to watch the birds catch fish in the 2._______ (river) clear water. While one might think that he is just out for exercise, he is 3.__________ (actual) working. Mr Chen is a “Guardian of the River”. His job is to walk along the river and make sure that no one 4.__________ (fish) in it or polluting it. Mr Chen was not a “Guardian of the River” before. He grew up on the banks of the Yangtze River and used to be a fisherman, like 5.__________ (he) father. Back then, parts of the river were smelly and yellow because of the waste 6.__________ factories and homes. Fishermen were also catching too many fish. As a result, 7._________ number of fish and plants in the river was dropping quickly. The government took action to deal with the problem 8.__________ it was too late. New waste centers 9.________ (build) to clean the wastewater before it went into the river. Laws were made to stop new factories from being built near the river. Boats were sent out to clean up the rubbish. Finally, fishing was banned in the Yangtze River for 10 years from 2020. Mr Chen and other fishermen were given new jobs as guardians 10._________ (protect) the river. 【答案】1. does 2. river’s 3. actually 4. is fishing 5. his 6. from 7. the 8. before 9. were built 10. to protect 【解析】 【导语】短文讲述了陈明从渔民转变为长江护河员的经历，介绍过去长江因污水、过度捕捞遭到破坏，政府及时出台多项治理措施改善水环境，并安排渔民担任护河人守护长江。 1. 由Every morning可知时态为一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，动词用does。 2. 此处表示“河水的清澈水域”，用名词所有格river’s修饰clear water。 3. 修饰动词is working需用副词，actual的副词形式为actually。 4. 并列结构or polluting提示此处为现在进行时，no one作主语，be动词用is，故填is fishing。 5. 修饰名词father要用形容词性物主代词his。 6. 句意为“来自工厂和家庭的废弃物”，介词from表示来源。 7. 固定搭配the number of，表示“……的数量”。 8. 句意为“政府在事态无法挽回之前采取行动解决问题”，连词before表示“在……之前”。 9. 主语New waste centers与build是被动关系，全文为一般过去时，复数主语搭配were built。 10. 不定式to protect作目的状语，说明设立护河员岗位的目的是保护河流。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $