Unit 1 重点语法知识讲解 2026-2027学年仁爱科普版九年级英语上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义通过模块化框架系统梳理了本单元核心语法知识，涵盖动词+后缀-ment变名词、过去分词变化及用法、现在完成时三大模块，用规则列表呈现过去分词变化规律，用对比表格区分现在完成时与一般过去时，配合“动词变名词口诀”等技巧总结，清晰呈现重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与方法指导结合，同步练习包含单词变形、语法应用等题型，如用所给词适当形式填空第1题考查ment变名词，第7题结合被动语态与过去分词，“有明确过去时间→一般过去时”等口诀培养思维品质，助力学生提升语言能力，既支持自主复习又为教师精准教学提供依据。

2026秋新仁爱英语 九上U1 重点语法知识讲解 同步练习 词法重点 一、动词+后缀-ment 变名词 1. 核心规则 - 用法:部分行为动词后加后缀 -ment,可转化为可数/不可数名词,表示“动作、行为、结果、状态”。 - 变化特点:绝大多数动词直接加-ment,无拼写变化(本单元无特殊变形)。 - 词性口诀:动词表动作,加ment变事情。 2. 单元必考词组(背诵+默写) (1) develop (v. 发展、成长) development (n. 发展) (2) improve (v. 改善、提高) improvement (n. 改善、进步) (3) agree (v. 同意) agreement (n. 同意、协议) (4) achieve (v. 实现) achievement (n. 成就、成绩) (5)treat (v. 对待、治疗) treatment (n. 治疗、待遇) 3. 极简解题口诀 看到 -ment 结尾,直接判定名词; 动词变此类名词,语义不跑偏,只表动作和结果。 二、动词过去分词(用done表示)的变化规则 1. 规则变化 (1) 普通动词直接+ed:work—worked (2)不发音e结尾只+d:live—lived (3)辅音+y结尾,变y为i+ed:study—studied (4)辅元辅重读闭音节,双写尾字母+ed:stop—stopped 特别强调 规则动词的过去式 和 过去分词 同形 2. 必考不规则三态(原形-过去式-过去分词) go-went-gone; see-saw-seen; do-did-done; be-was/were-been 动词现在分词 vs 动词过去分词 表被动/完成 用过去分词done 表主动/进行 现在分词doing 三、动词过去分词(done)主要用法 (1)作定语(修饰名词) ① 前置定语:单个过去分词放名词前,表被动/完成 a broken cup 破碎的杯子 ②后置定语:分词短语放名词后 the book written by Lu Xun 鲁迅写的书 (2)作宾语补足语(使役动词后:have/get/make/find…) 结构:主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词 ①have sth done 让某物被…… I had my hair cut. 我剪了头发。 ②find sth done 发现某物被…… I found the room cleaned. (3)构成被动语态(be + done,表“被……”,强调动作) 时态变化只改be动词,分词不变 The letter was sent yesterday. 信昨天被寄出。 (4)构成完成时态(have/has/had + done,表已经完成) 现在完成时:have done I have finished my homework. 过去完成时:had done 现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词) 一、基本结构 主语分两类: 第三人称单数(he/she/it/单数人名) has + done 其他人称(I/you/we/they/复数) have + done have/has 是 助动词,无词义 1. 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 I have finished my homework. She has left. 2. 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 缩写:haven’t / hasn’t We haven’t seen him. He hasn’t come back. 3. 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词? 回答:Yes, 主语+have/has. / No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t. Have you visited Beijing? Has she read this book? 4. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词? Where have you been? How many books has he bought? 二、核心意义 连接过去发生的动作和现在的结果/影响,不强调动作发生的具体过去时间。 三、四大用法 1. 过去动作,对现在有结果 I have lost my key.(钥匙现在找不到了) 2. 从过去持续到现在的动作/状态(常与for/since连用) I have lived here for 5 years. 3. 过去到现在反复发生 I have watched this movie many times. 4. 去过/来过某地(have been / have gone) have been to:去过(已回来) have gone to:去了(还没回) 常用标志词 already, yet, ever, never, just, before, recently, so far, since, for 四、现在完成时 VS 一般过去时(重点区别) 1. 核心区别 - 现在完成时:只看现在结果,不强调过去具体时间,不能加明确过去时间词(yesterday, last week, in 2020) - 一般过去时:只讲过去动作,和现在无关,必须/可搭配明确过去时间 2. 例句对比 ① I have bought a bike. 我买了一辆自行车。(现在我有车) ② I bought a bike last year. 我去年买了自行车。(只说去年的事,不关心现在有没有) ① She has gone to Shanghai. 她去上海了。(现在人不在这) ② She went to Shanghai yesterday. 她昨天去了上海。(只陈述昨天的动作) 3. 时间词区分 一般过去时专用:yesterday, last…, …ago, in +过去年份, just now 现在完成时专用:since, for, already, yet, ever, never, so far 4. 做题口诀 有明确过去时间 一般过去时 无过去时间、强调现在结果 现在完成时 同步练习 一、完成下面单词的过去式、过去分词 原形 过去式 过去分词 Make leave find tell feel start call play miss change 二、用所给词适当形式填空(共20题) 1. We are happy with the _ (improve) of our school. 2. His _ (develop) in English surprises all teachers. 3. They reached an _ (agree) at last. 4. Winning the game is a great _ (achieve). 5. The doctor gave me good _ (treat). 6. I have _ (finish) all my homework. 7. The bike _ (buy) three days ago. 8. Have you _ (see) my new pen? 9. She has _ (go) to the library. 10. The windows are _ (close) now. 11. I had my hair _ (cut) yesterday. 12. The letter _ (write) by my father. 13. He has _ (do) lots of housework. 14. The little boy found his room _ (clean). 15. I _ (live) here since 2020. 16. She _ not _ (visit) the museum yet. 17. _ you _ (eat) breakfast? 18. How long _ they _ (stay) in Beijing? 19. My father _ (work) in this factory for 10 years. 参考答案 一 原形 过去式 过去分词 make made made leave left left find found found tell told told feel felt felt start started started call called called play played played miss missed missed change changed changed 二 1. improvement 2. development 3. agreement 4. achievement 5. treatment 6. finished 7.was bought 8. seen 9. gone 10. closed 11. cut 12. was written 13. done 14. cleaned 15. have lived 16. hasn’t; visited 17. Have; eaten 18. have; stayed 19. has worked 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $