内容正文:
词根词缀词汇
2027年高考一轮复习讲练测
专题10
学科:高中英语
版本:全国通用
01
v
命题透视・考情前瞻 (对标素养,研判高考命题趋势略)
02
03
04
思维建模・脉络梳理 (搭建知识框架,构建系统思维)
考点精讲・靶向突破 (拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式)
真题溯源・考向感知 (溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向)
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记【完形+语法填空必考·占比69%】
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记【阅读七选五+短文改错必考·占比21%】
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记【读后续写+应用文写作提分·占比10%】
2
01
命题透视・考情前瞻
(对标素养,研判高考命题趋势)
01
命题透视・考情前瞻
核心考点 2026 2025 2024
词根派生核心词汇 新高考I/II卷合计11题;完形动作词根、语法填空思维词根为主,大量抽象派生词辨析 新高考I/II卷合计9题;侧重基础动作词根,词性转换难度中等 新高考I/II卷合计8题;简单词根为主,词义直白,辨析难度低
词缀变形拓展词汇 新高考I/II卷合计7题;否定前缀陷阱增多,复合词七选五同义替换集中考查 新高考I/II卷合计6题;后缀改错占比提升,反向前缀少量出现 新高考I/II卷合计5题;仅基础否定前缀、名词后缀常规考查
熟词派生写作词汇 新高考I/II卷写作全部要求高阶派生词替换;阅读科技、环保派生热词占比暴涨 新高考I/II卷写作鼓励派生词升级;阅读社会类派生词汇为主 新高考I/II卷写作以基础词汇为主,派生词汇仅少量加分
词根词义猜测词汇 新高考I/II卷合计6题;长难句抽象派生词汇,无原生超纲词,全部依托词根推导 新高考I/II卷合计5题;科普文本派生词为主,推导难度适中 新高考I/II卷合计4题;记叙文本简单派生词,极易推导
01
命题透视・考情前瞻
核心考点 2026 2025 2024
考情分析 1. 题型与考向分布
完形填空:核心考查词根派生词汇词义辨析,动作、思维词根词族占70%,选项多为同词根不同词缀派生词,是笔试最大拉分板块,侧重区分近义派生词汇语义差异。
语法填空:专攻词缀词性转换,名词、形容词、副词后缀变形为固定必考,依托词根基础词变换词性,3-4道固定变形题,属于保底得分题型。
阅读理解(含七选五):以否定前缀、复合衍生词为主,超纲词全部为词根词缀组合派生,词义猜测题直接依托词根拆解解题;七选五答案常是原文词汇的派生词同义替换。
短文改错:高频考查后缀词性误用、否定前缀逻辑错误,形容词/副词后缀混淆、un-/dis-前缀误用是最高频改错陷阱。
书面表达(应用文+读后续写):情感、科技、环保类派生词作为高分替换词,替代简单基础词,提升作文档次,新高考阅卷明确派生词为加分亮点。
2. 整体命题趋势
1.单纯基础单词考查占比持续下降,词根词缀派生词汇考查占比逐年上涨,命题弱化机械背诵,强化构词逻辑推导能力。
01
核心考点 2026 2025 2024
考情分析 2. 词汇考查分层明显:基础词根保底,复杂词缀辨析区分中档与高分学生,抽象复合派生词作为压轴难点。
3. 紧扣新课标情境:科技、环保、文化、心理类词根词族逐年增多,所有派生词汇均源于考纲基础词根,无原生超纲单词。
4. 跨题型融合:同一词根词族同时出现在完形、阅读、写作, 要求学生一词多形、一词多义完整掌握
复习目标 1. 吃透三大类核心词根(动作、思维、时空),掌握120组高考高频词根词族,做到见词根推词义,实现阅读陌生派生词汇秒拆解。
2. 熟记全部高考必考前后缀(否定、词性、复合类),精准区分同词根不同词缀语义差异,攻克语法填空词性转换、短文改错词缀陷阱,变形零失误。
3. 积累情感、科技、文化三大主题派生词写作素材,熟练用派生词替换基础词汇,提升读后续写、应用文文采,拉开作文分差。
4. 建立“词根+前缀+后缀”暴力速记体系,摆脱孤立背单词,实现词汇批量串联记忆,大幅提升背诵效率,适配笔试全题型词汇考查需求。
命题透视・考情前瞻
02
思维建模・脉络梳理
(搭建知识框架,构建系统思维)
02
思维建模・脉络梳理
三大核心考点
完形 + 语法填空(占比 69%)
词根词缀暴力速记・2027 高三一轮笔试专题
考情核心数据
阅读 + 改错
(占比 21%)
考向破译2大考向
知识解构3知识点:完形、语法填空、阅读
考向破译2大考向
知识解构3知识点:改错、阅读陷阱、七选五
考向破译2大考向
知识解构3知识点:写作、热点、阅读
近三年分值逐年提升
完形为拉分核心,语法填空保底分
写作
(占比 10%)
阅读派生词词汇词义猜测必考
写作派生词为阅卷加分项
02
思维建模・脉络梳理
暴力速记底层逻辑
词根词缀暴力速记・2027 高三一轮笔试专题
复习达成目标
词根拆解陌生派生词汇无障碍
构建完整笔试词汇速记体系
写作高阶派生词自由替换运用\
词根定本义,前缀改语义,后缀定词性
按题型分类,针对性背诵考点词族
同词根批量串联记忆,拒绝孤立背词
词缀变形语法填空 / 改错零失分
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
(拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式)
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 动作行为类词根词族
知识解构
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
01 port运:import进口;export出口;portable便携;transport运输;transportation交通
固定搭配:import goods进口商品;export products出口产品;public transportation公共交通
易错点:区分import(进口,入)与export(出口,出),词首im-/ex-方向易混淆;portable为形容词,勿误用为名词
例句:The factory imports raw materials and exports finished products overseas.(这家工厂进口原材料,向海外出口成品。)
同义词:transport=carry;portable=convenient
02 port运:support支持;supporter支持者;passport护照;deport驱逐;report报道
固定搭配:support sb. in sth. 在某方面支持某人;deport illegal immigrants驱逐非法移民
易错点:support可作动词/名词,无复数;supporter指人,supportive为形容词易混淆
例句:Most citizens support the new policy and many media report its advantages.(大多数市民支持新政策,多家媒体报道了其优势。)
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 动作行为类词根词族
知识解构
同义词:support=back;report=cover
03 dict说:predict预测;predictable可预测;dictate口述;contradict反驳;indicate表明
固定搭配:predict the trend预测趋势;contradict one’s words自相矛盾;indicate a problem暗示问题
易错点:contradict是及物动词,直接接宾语,无需加介词;predictable形容事物,predicted形容人预判的结果
例句:The data indicates that the result is predictable and no one can contradict the fact.(数据表明结果可预判,无人能否认这一事实。)
同义词:predict=forecast;indicate=show
04 dict说:verdict判决;dictionary词典;addict沉迷;addiction瘾;indicative指示的
固定搭配:a guilty verdict有罪判决;be addicted to沉迷于;be indicative of预示、表明
易错点:addict多作名词(成瘾者),be addicted to(形容词短语)为固定搭配,勿漏to
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 动作行为类词根词族
知识解构
例句:His attitude is indicative of his addiction to online games.(他的态度表明他沉迷网络游戏。)
同义词:verdict=judgment;addiction=obsession
05 spect看:respect尊重;inspect检查;suspect怀疑;perspective视角;prospect前景
固定搭配:respect sb. 尊重某人;inspect equipment检查设备;from a new perspective从新视角
易错点:suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人做某事,介词固定用of;prospect表“前景”多用复数prospects
例句:We should respect different perspectives and inspect the prospect of the project carefully.(我们要尊重不同视角,审慎考察项目前景。)
同义词:inspect=check;suspect=doubt
06 spect看:aspect方面;expect期待;expectation期望;inspector检查员;spectator观众
固定搭配:every aspect of life生活各方面;expect to do sth. 期待做某事
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 动作行为类词根词族
知识解构
易错点:expect后接不定式,不接doing;spectator特指现场观众,区别于audience(听众/影视观众)
例句:Spectators expect high performance in every aspect of the competition.(观众期待比赛各方面都有出色表现。)
同义词:aspect=side;expect=anticipate
07 mit送:transmit传输;submit提交;admit承认;commit承诺;commitment投入
固定搭配:submit to服从/提交;admit doing sth. 承认做过某事;commit oneself to致力于
易错点:submit to中to是介词,后接名词/动名词;commit表“犯错”时常用commit a mistake
例句:He admitted his fault and committed to transmit the report on time.(他承认错误,并承诺按时提交报告。)
同义词:submit=hand in;transmit=send
08 mit送:permit允许;permission许可;emit发射;omit省略;remit汇款
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 动作行为类词根词族
知识解构
固定搭配:permit doing sth. 允许做某事;ask for permission申请许可;emit smoke排烟
易错点:permit动词用法后接doing,名词permission不可数;omit to do sth. 遗漏做某事
例句:The factory is not permitted to emit waste gas or omit any safety procedure.(工厂禁止排放废气,不得省略任何安全流程。)
同义词:permit=allow;emit=release
09 cess走:process进程;progress进步;recess休息;access通道;accessible易获得
固定搭配:in the process在进程中;make progress取得进步;have access to有权使用
易错点:progress为不可数名词,无复数;accessible搭配be accessible to sb. 对某人可获取
例句:Students have access to learning resources to make steady progress in the study process.(学生可获取学习资源,在学习进程中稳步进步。)
同义词:progress=advancement;accessible=available
10 cess走:success成功;succeed成功;excess过量;recede后退;precede先于
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 动作行为类词根词族
知识解构
固定搭配:succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事;in excess of超过;recede from从…后退
易错点:succeed是动词,success是名词,successful是形容词,词性易混用;precede侧重“时间/顺序在先”
例句:Hard work precedes success, and laziness will lead to excess pressure.(努力先于成功,懈怠只会带来多余压力。)
同义词:succeed=achieve;recede=retreat
11 press压:pressure压力;depress使沮丧;depression抑郁;express表达;impress留下印象
固定搭配:under pressure处于压力下;express oneself表达自我;impress sb. 打动某人
易错点:depress是动词,depression是名词(情绪/经济低迷);be impressed by对…印象深刻
例句:He tried to express his feelings to relieve pressure and avoid depression.(他努力抒发情绪,缓解压力、避免低落。)
同义词:pressure=stress;impress=affect
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 动作行为类词根词族
知识解构
12 press压:impression印象;compress压缩;oppress压迫;suppress压制;expressly明确地
固定搭配:leave a good impression留下好印象;compress data压缩数据
易错点:oppress侧重“强权压迫”,suppress侧重“压制情绪、言论”,语义易混淆
例句:The rule expressly forbids oppressing workers or suppressing reasonable demands.(条例明确禁止压迫员工、压制合理诉求。)
同义词:compress=condense;impression=feeling
13 tract拉:attract吸引;attraction吸引力;contract合同;abstract抽象;subtract减去
固定搭配:attract attention吸引注意力;sign a contract签订合同;subtract from从…减去
易错点:subtract固定搭配subtract A from B(从B中减去A);abstract可作形容词/名词/动词
例句:The scenic spot attracts tourists, and its abstract design is written in the contract.(该景点吸引游客,其抽象设计已写入合同。)
同义词:attract=draw;subtract=deduct
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 动作行为类词根词族
知识解构
14 tract拉:distract分心;extract提取;attractive迷人;contractor承包商;tractor拖拉机
固定搭配:distract sb. from doing sth. 使某人分心;extract nutrients提取营养
易错点:distract多与from搭配,切勿混用to;extract侧重“萃取、提炼”实物/信息
例句:Noise will distract students from studying, so we extract effective learning methods.(噪音会让学生学习分心,因此我们提炼高效学习方法。)
同义词:distract=divert;extract=obtain
15 vis看:visible可见;invisible隐形;visit参观;supervise监督;visual视觉的
固定搭配:visible to the naked eye肉眼可见;supervise work监督工作;visual effect视觉效果
易错点:invisible为visible绝对否定,无程度差异;supervise是及物动词,直接接宾语
例句:Microbes are invisible to us, but we can supervise their activity via visual equipment.(微生物肉眼不可见,但我们可通过视觉设备监测其活动。)
同义词:visible=observable;supervise=monitor
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 动作行为类词根词族
知识解构
16 vis看:vision视野;revise复习;revision修订;television电视;visualize想象
固定搭配:broaden one’s vision开阔视野;revise notes复习笔记;visualize the scene想象场景
易错点:revise侧重“复习、修订”,区别于review(单纯回顾);vision表“视野、愿景”不可数
例句:We need to revise our plan and visualize the future to widen our vision.(我们需要修订计划、畅想未来,拓宽视野。)
同义词:vision=sight;revise=modify
17 scrib写:describe描述; description描写; prescribe开药方; subscribe订阅;manuscript手稿
固定搭配:describe sth. as把某物描述为;subscribe to订阅/赞同;prescribe medicine开药
易错点:subscribe to中to为介词,后接名词;prescribe多用于医疗、官方指令场景
例句:The doctor prescribed treatment, and the writer described it in his manuscript.(医生开具诊疗方案,作者将其记录在手稿中。)
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 动作行为类词根词族
知识解构
同义词:describe=depict;subscribe=follow
18 pend挂:depend依靠;dependent依赖;independ独立;suspend暂停;expend花费
固定搭配:depend on依靠、取决于;be dependent on依赖;suspend work停工
易错点:depend为不及物动词,必须加on;independent是形容词,independence为名词易混
例句:We should not depend on others and suspend laziness to pursue independence.(我们不应依赖他人,摒弃惰性、追求独立。)
同义词:depend=rely;suspend=pause
19 pend挂:expense开销;append附加;appendix附录;pending待定;compensate补偿
固定搭配:at one’s expense自费;append notes附加注释;compensate for弥补
易错点:expense表“开销”多用复数expenses;pending可作adj(待定的)、prep(在…期间)
例句:We append data in the appendix and compensate for extra expenses.(我们在附录中补充数据,并补偿额外开销。)
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 动作行为类词根词族
知识解构
同义词:expense=cost;compensate=make up
20 ven来:convene召集;convention惯例;prevent阻止;invent发明;invention创造
固定搭配:convene a meeting召集会议;follow the convention遵循惯例;prevent sb. from doing阻止某人做
易错点:prevent后接from doing,被动语态from不可省;invent侧重“发明新事物”,区别于discover(发现已有事物)
例句:We convene meetings to prevent mistakes and invent new practical methods.(我们召集会议规避失误,研发实用新方法。)
同义词:convene=call;prevent=stop
21 ven来:adventure冒险;revenue收入;intervene干预;convenient方便;convenience便利
固定搭配:take an adventure冒险;intervene in干预;for convenience为方便起见
易错点:convenient主语只能是事物,不能是人;revenue多指企业、国家财政收入
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 动作行为类词根词族
知识解构
例句:We confer with teammates to infer the difference between the two plans.(我们与队友商议,推导两个方案的差异。)
同义词:differ=vary;infer=deduce
24 pose放置:expose暴露;exposition展览;compose创作;depose罢免;oppose反对
固定搭配:be exposed to暴露于;compose a poem写诗;oppose sth. 反对某事
易错点:oppose是及物动词,无需加to;be opposed to(形容词短语)表反对,需加to
例句:He opposes exposing children to danger and composes works for the exposition.(他反对让孩子置身危险,并为展览创作作品。)
同义词:expose=reveal;oppose=resist
25 pose放置:propose提议;suppose假设;dispose处理;deposit存放;composition作文
固定搭配:propose doing sth. 提议做某事;dispose of处理、丢弃;deposit money存钱
易错点:suppose用于句首表“假设”,相当于if;dispose必须搭配of才可接宾语
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 动作行为类词根词族
知识解构
例句:I propose we dispose of waste properly and deposit funds for the project.(我提议妥善处理废弃物,并为项目存入资金。)
同义词:propose=suggest;dispose=deal with
26 move移动:remove移除;remote遥远;motion动作;promote提升;demote降级
固定搭配:remove obstacles清除障碍;promote sb. 提拔某人;in motion运转中
易错点:remote形容距离、关系遥远,不形容时间;promote无“升职”外的移动含义
例句:We remove negative factors to promote progress and avoid demotion.(我们清除消极因素,推动进步、避免降级。)
同义词:remove=eliminate;promote=advance
27 move移动:mobile移动;mobilize动员;emotion情绪;movement运动;commute通勤
固定搭配:mobile phone手机;mobilize resources调动资源;commute to work通勤上班
易错点:commute特指“往返通勤”,不可用于单次出行;emotion泛指各类情绪
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 动作行为类词根词族
知识解构
例句:People commute daily, and positive emotions mobilize people’s enthusiasm.(人们每日通勤,积极情绪能调动人的积极性。)
同义词:mobile=portable;commute=travel
28 draw拉:withdraw撤回;draft草稿;attract吸引;contract收缩;drawback缺点
固定搭配:withdraw from退出、撤回;draft a plan草拟方案;have a drawback有缺陷
易错点:withdraw过去式/过去分词为withdrew/withdrawn,变形易错;drawback侧重“事物固有缺点”
例句:We withdraw the imperfect draft and fix its main drawback.(我们撤回不完善的草稿,修正其核心缺陷。)
同义词:withdraw=retract;drawback=disadvantage
29 run流动:current当前;occur发生;recur重现;excursion短途出行;currency货币
固定搭配:current situation现状;occur to sb. 某人突然想到;local currency本地货币
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 动作行为类词根词族
知识解构
易错点:occur无被动语态;recur侧重“再次发生、反复出现”
例句:Problems may recur in the current situation during short excursions.(短途出行途中,现状下问题可能反复出现。)
同义词:occur=happen;current=present
30 stand站立:understand理解;withstand抵抗;standard标准;outstanding杰出;distance距离
固定搭配:withstand pressure抵御压力;meet the standard达标;outstanding achievement杰出成就
易错点:withstand为及物动词,直接接宾语;standard多用复数表各类标准
例句:Outstanding people can understand rules and withstand difficulties.(优秀的人能理解规则、抵御困境。)
同义词:withstand=resist;outstanding=excellent
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 认知思维类词根词族
知识解构
01 sci知:science科学;conscience良知;conscious有意识;unconscious无意识;conscientious尽责
固定搭配:social science社会科学;a clear conscience问心无愧;be conscious of意识到
易错点:conscious侧重“主观有意识的”,unconscious为绝对否定;conscientious形容人认真尽责,勿与conscious混用
例句:A conscientious scientist is always conscious of social responsibilities and has a clear conscience.(尽责的科学家始终具备社会责任感,坚守本心。)
同义词:science=knowledge;conscious=aware
02 sci知:prescient预知;omniscient全知;scientific科学;conscientiousness认真;conscience良心
固定搭配:scientific method科学方法;show great conscientiousness展现极强的认真态度
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 认知思维类词根词族
知识解构
易错点:prescient侧重“对未来的预判”,omniscient为书面高级词,表“全知全能的”,高考阅读熟词僻义考点
例句:With scientific thinking and conscientiousness, we can hardly be prescient of all changes.(即便拥有科学思维与严谨态度,我们也无法预知所有变化。)
同义词:scientific=systematic;conscientiousness=diligence
03 log逻辑:logic逻辑;logical合理;dialogue对话;monologue独白;biology生物
固定搭配:logical thinking逻辑思维; have a dialogue with与…对话; a solo monologue单人独白
易错点:monologue为单人独白,dialogue为双向对话;logical侧重“事理逻辑通顺”,不形容人的性格
例句:It is logical to have positive dialogues rather than meaningless monologues in communication.(交流中积极双向沟通,远比无意义的自我独白合理。)
同义词:logical=rational;dialogue=conversation
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 认知思维类词根词族
知识解构
04 log逻辑:psychology心理;technology科技;apology道歉;analogy类比;prologue序言
固定搭配:applied psychology应用心理学;make an apology道歉;draw an analogy做类比
易错点:apology为名词,动词形式为apologize;analogy多用于写作、推理类比,固定搭配draw an analogy between A and B
例句:In psychology research, we often draw an analogy between traditional experience and modern technology.(在心理学研究中,我们常将传统经验与现代科技做类比。)
同义词:apology=excuse;analogy=comparison
05 cogn认知:recognize认出; recognition认可; cognitive认知; incognito匿名; cognition认知力
固定搭配:recognize sb.认出某人; gain public recognition获得大众认可; cognitive ability认知能力
易错点:recognize侧重“重新认出、正式认可”,区别于know;incognito多作副词/形容词,表“匿名的”
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 认知思维类词根词族
知识解构
例句:People with strong cognition can easily recognize their weaknesses and win social recognition.(认知能力强的人能清晰认清自身不足,获得社会认可。)
同义词:recognize=identify;recognition=approval
06 put计算:compute计算;computer电脑;dispute争论;reputation名声;input输入
固定搭配:compute data计算数据;settle a dispute解决争端;input information录入信息
易错点:dispute为正式书面争论,侧重观点分歧;reputation为不可数名词,无复数形式
例句:We input and compute accurate data to avoid unnecessary disputes and protect our reputation.(我们录入并核算精准数据,规避无谓争论,维护自身声誉。)
同义词:compute=calculate;dispute=argument
07 sent感知:sense感觉;sensitive敏感;sentiment情绪;consent同意;dissent反对
固定搭配:a sense of… ……感;be sensitive to对…敏感;give consent应允
易错点:sensitive修饰人/事物敏感, sensible表明智的,极易混淆;dissent侧重正式持不同意见
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 认知思维类词根词族
知识解构
例句:People with delicate sentiment are more sensitive to details and seldom dissent from reasonable rules.(情感细腻的人对细节更敏感,极少反对合理规则。)
同义词:sense=feeling;consent=agreement
08 sent感知:present呈现;absent缺席;sentence句子;consensus共识;sensory感官的
固定搭配:present results展示成果;be absent from缺席;reach a consensus达成共识
易错点:absent作形容词后接from;present多义,此处为“呈现”,区别于“礼物、目前的”
例句:All present members reached a consensus that no one should be absent from the meeting.(所有到场成员达成共识,无人可缺席会议。)
同义词:present=show;consensus=unanimity
09 spir思考:inspire激励;inspiration灵感;expire过期;conspire共谋;respire呼吸
固定搭配:inspire sb. to do激励某人做;gain inspiration获取灵感;expire soon即将过期
易错点:inspire侧重“精神层面激励”;expire多用于证件、期限到期,无被动语态
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 认知思维类词根词族
知识解构
例句:Nature can inspire us to gain endless inspiration before our passion expires.(在热忱褪去前,大自然能给予我们无尽灵感与激励。)
同义词:inspire=encourage;expire=end
10 spir思考:perspire出汗;aspire渴望;spirit精神;spiritual精神;despair绝望
固定搭配:aspire to do渴望做;spiritual wealth精神财富;fall into despair陷入绝望
易错点:aspire后接不定式to do;spiritual为形容词,区别于spirit名词;despair不可数表抽象绝望
例句:Those who aspire for progress never fall into despair despite hardship and perspiration.(追求进步的人,纵使历经艰辛也绝不绝望。)
同义词:aspire=long for;despair=hopelessness
11 cred相信:credit信用;credible可信;incredible难以置信;credulous轻信;discredit质疑
固定搭配:credit record信用记录;credible evidence可靠证据;discredit a rumor辟谣
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 认知思维类词根词族
知识解构
易错点:credulous形容人“轻信他人的”,credible形容事物“可信的”,修饰对象不同
例句:It is incredible that some credulous people discredit credible scientific evidence.(令人难以置信的是,部分轻信他人的人会质疑可靠的科学依据。)
同义词:credible=reliable;incredible=unbelievable
12 cred相信:credibility可信度; accredit授权; credit card信用卡; creditor债主; credential凭证
固定搭配:improve credibility提升可信度;be accredited with被授予;official credential官方凭证
易错点:credibility为抽象不可数名词;accredit多用于官方、机构正式授权
例句:The institution is fully accredited, with high credibility and complete official credentials.(该机构资质齐全、可信度高,具备完整官方凭证。)
同义词:credibility=trustworthiness;accredit=authorize
13 jud判断:judge判断;judgment判决;prejudice偏见;adjust调整;adjustment调节
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 认知思维类词根词族
知识解构
固定搭配:judge by根据…判断;have prejudice against对…有偏见;make adjustments做出调整
易错点:judgment美式拼写,judgement英式拼写均正确;prejudice为负面固有偏见
例句:We should judge things objectively without prejudice and make timely adjustments.(我们应客观评判事物、摒弃偏见,及时做出调整。)
同义词:judge=assess;adjust=regulate
14 jud判断:cojudge陪审;judicial司法;prejudge预判;unjudged未评判;adjustable可调节
固定搭配:judicial system司法体系;prejudge the result预判结果;adjustable height可调节高度
易错点:prejudge侧重“未依据事实提前预判”,含贬义;adjustable为形容词修饰物品属性
例句:We cannot prejudge unjudged cases, and the judicial system has adjustable evaluation standards.(我们不可预判未裁决案件,司法体系拥有可调节的评判标准。)
同义词:prejudge=presume;adjustable=flexible
15 mind心智:mental精神;mention提及;comment评论;remind提醒;document文件
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 认知思维类词根词族
知识解构
固定搭配:mental health心理健康;mention sth.提及某事;remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事
易错点:remind固定搭配of不可省略;mental侧重“心理、精神层面”,区别于physical身体的
例句:The document reminds us to pay attention to mental health and not mention negative comments casually.(这份文件提醒我们关注心理健康,切勿随意发表负面评论。)
同义词:mention=refer to;remind=alert
16 mind心智:argument争论; instrument工具; segment分割; ornament装饰; movement运动
固定搭配:have an argument争论;musical instrument乐器;art ornament艺术装饰
易错点:argument侧重“有理有据的争辩”,区别于quarrel争吵;segment多指整体的局部分割
例句:We had no argument about the movement of artistic ornaments and instrument placement.(我们对艺术装饰与乐器摆放的调整方案毫无争议。)
同义词:argument=debate;instrument=tool
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 认知思维类词根词族
知识解构
17 vis认知:vision认知;visualize设想;revise反思;supervise审视;visible可感知
固定搭配:broaden one’s vision拓宽认知视野; visualize the future畅想未来;revise plans复盘方案
易错点:revise侧重“复盘修改、反思完善”,区别于review简单回顾;visible可指抽象认知可感知
例句:We need to revise our cognition, visualize long-term goals and broaden our vision.(我们需复盘认知、畅想长远目标、拓宽认知格局。)
同义词:vision=perspective;visualize=imagine
18 cert确定:certain确定;certify证明;certificate证书;uncertain不确定;certainty确定性
固定搭配:be certain of确信;certify one’s ability证明能力;obtain a certificate获取证书
易错点:certainty为抽象名词,表“确定性”;certify为正式官方证明,语气强于prove
例句:We can certify the certainty of the result and never be uncertain about professional certificates.(我们能证实结果的确定性,绝不质疑专业证书的权威性。)
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 认知思维类词根词族
知识解构
同义词:certain=sure;certify=prove
19 cert确定:certification认证;ascertain查明;certified持证;certainly当然;uncertainty不确定性
固定搭配:professional certification专业认证;ascertain the truth查明真相;certified teacher持证教师
易错点:ascertain为及物动词,直接接宾语;uncertainty为抽象名词,无复数
例句:We must ascertain facts to eliminate uncertainty and obtain official certification.(我们必须查明真相、消除不确定性,获取官方认证。)
同义词:ascertain=confirm;certification=qualification
20 faith信任:confide倾诉;confidence自信;confident自信;diffidence自卑;fidelity忠诚
固定搭配:confide in sb.向某人倾诉;be confident of对…自信;show fidelity展现忠诚
易错点:confide固定搭配in不可漏;diffidence是自信的反义词,侧重“怯懦自卑”
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 认知思维类词根词族
知识解构
例句:Confident people dare to confide in others and show fidelity to their beliefs.(自信的人敢于坦诚倾诉,且忠于自身信念。)
同义词:confidence=self-assurance;fidelity=loyalty
21 know知晓:acknowledge承认;knowledge知识;unknown未知;well-known知名;notify通知
固定搭配:acknowledge one’s mistake承认错误;professional knowledge专业知识;notify sb.通知某人
易错点:acknowledge侧重“公开承认事实、错误”;notify为正式书面通知,多用于公务场景
例句:We should acknowledge our ignorance of unknown knowledge and notify teammates timely.(我们应正视自身知识盲区,及时通知队友。)
同义词:acknowledge=admit;notify=inform
22 measure衡量:dimension维度; immense巨大; measure测量; assessment评估; estimate估算
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 认知思维类词根词族
知识解构
固定搭配:multi-dimension多维度;measure data测量数据;make an assessment做出评估
易错点:estimate侧重“预估、粗略估算”,measure为精准测量;immense形容规模、程度极大
例句:We measure data from multiple dimensions to make an accurate assessment instead of blind estimates.(我们多维度测算数据、精准评估,杜绝盲目预估。)
同义词:measure=calculate;assessment=evaluation
23 weigh权衡:weight重量;weigh权衡;overweight超重;underweight偏瘦;weightless失重
固定搭配:weigh pros and cons权衡利弊;put on weight增重;be overweight超重
易错点:weigh动词,weight名词,词性易混用;overweight可作形容词/名词,无比较级
例句:We should weigh the value of health rather than only worrying about weight problems.(我们应权衡健康的价值,而非只纠结体重超标或偏瘦问题。)
同义词:weigh=consider;weight=mass
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 时空属性类词根词族
知识解构
01 chron时间:chronology年表;synchronize同步;chronic长期;chronicle编年史;synchronous同步
固定搭配:chronology of historical events 历史事件年表;synchronize system data 同步系统数据;chronic disease 慢性疾病
易错点:chronic仅用于形容疾病、问题、困扰等长期反复存在的事物,不用于描述普通事物的时长;synchronous为正式书面用语,特指时间、进度完全同步,不可用于普通相似状态
例句:The official chronicle records events in strict chronology with synchronous meteorological data.(这部官方编年史以严谨的年表记载史实,搭配同步的气象数据。)
同义词:chronic=long-term;synchronize=coordinate
02 pre前:predict预测;preview预习;precede在先;preheat预热;prehistory史前
固定搭配:preview textbook knowledge 预习课本知识;precede the whole process 先于整个流程发生;preheat the oven before baking 烘焙前预热烤箱
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 时空属性类词根词族
知识解构
易错点:precede 侧重时间、顺序、位次在先,极易与 proceed(继续进行)拼写、语义混淆;prehistory 为不可数名词,无复数形式,不直接搭配数词
例句:We preheat experimental equipment and preview relevant data to predict the changes that precede subsequent results.(我们预热实验设备、预习相关数据,预判先于后续结果出现的各类变化。)
同义词:predict=forecast;precede=come before
03 post后:postpone推迟;postwar战后;postgraduate研究生;postscript附言;postdate延后
固定搭配:postpone the scheduled meeting 推迟既定会议;postwar economic reconstruction 战后经济重建;add a postscript to the report 为报告补充附言
易错点:postpone 后只能接动名词doing形式,绝对不接to do不定式;postdate 仅用于文件、票据、日期的延后标注,不用于普通事件时间推迟
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 时空属性类词根词族
知识解构
例句:The postgraduate student had to postpone his research project and added a detailed postscript to his thesis.(这名研究生只得推迟研究项目,并在论文中补充了详细附言。)
同义词:postpone=delay;postwar=after-war
04 trans跨越:transport运输;transmit传播;transform转换;transplant移植;transfer转移
固定搭配:transport daily supplies 运输日用品;transmit signals and information 传输信号与信息;transform the traditional working mode 革新传统工作模式
易错点:transfer 侧重位置、身份、岗位、资金的转移变动;transmit 侧重信号、数据、病菌、信息的传播传递,二者语义场景极易混淆
例句:We transport raw materials and transmit core data to transform the outdated industrial structure.(我们运输原材料、传输核心数据,改造落后的产业结构。)
同义词:transport=carry;transform=change
05 sub下:subway地铁;submerge淹没;substitute替代;subtract减去;subconscious潜意识
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 时空属性类词根词族
知识解构
固定搭配:substitute new materials for old ones 用新材料替代旧材料;subtract expenses from total income 从总收入中扣除开支;be submerged in water 被水淹没
易错点:substitute 固定搭配为 substitute A for B(用A替代B),不可误用介词with;subconscious 为抽象不可数名词,无复数,不用于具体事物
例句:People’s subconscious thoughts often affect their decision to substitute resources and subtract unnecessary costs.(人的潜意识思维,常会影响其替代资源、缩减冗余成本的决策。)
同义词:submerge=immerse;substitute=replace
06 super上:superior上级; supermarket超市; supervise监管;supersede取代;superficial表面
固定搭配:be superior to ordinary products 优于普通产品;supervise daily operation and management 监管日常运营管理;superficial phenomenon 表面现象
易错点:superior 本身自带比较级含义,绝对不与more连用,后固定搭配介词to;superficial 含贬义,侧重形容认知、成果肤浅流于表面
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 时空属性类词根词族
知识解构
例句:Superior managers supervise the whole project strictly to avoid superficial progress and outdated methods.(上级管理者严格监管整个项目,杜绝表面成效与落后工作方式。)
同义词:superior=better;supervise=monitor
07 circ环绕:circle圆圈;circulate循环;circumstance环境;circuit电路;circular圆形
固定搭配:circulate information and resources 传播信息与资源;under any circumstances 在任何情况下;closed circuit system 闭合电路系统
易错点:circumstance 表客观环境、境遇、形势时,必须使用复数形式circumstances;circular 可作形容词(圆形的)和名词(通告、传单),词性易混
例句:Blood circulates steadily in the human body, and external circumstances will greatly affect bodily circulation.(血液在人体内稳定循环,外界环境会极大影响身体循环状态。)
同义词:circulate=spread;circumstance=situation
08 mid中间:middle中间;midnight午夜;midterm期中;midway中途;mediate调解
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 时空属性类词根词族
知识解构
固定搭配:midterm examination and assessment 期中考试与测评;midway service station 中途服务站点;mediate conflicts and disputes 调解矛盾纠纷
易错点:mediate 为正式书面用词,仅用于第三方、官方调解矛盾,不用于普通劝说;midnight 特指凌晨零点,并非泛指深夜
例句:We mediated the team dispute midway of the semester before the official midterm exam.(正式期中考试前,我们在学期中途调解了团队矛盾。)
同义词:mediate=settle;midway=halfway
09 cent百:century世纪; percent百分比; centimeter厘米; centigrade摄氏; centennial百年纪念
固定搭配:80 percent of local residents 当地八成居民;centigrade temperature scale 摄氏温标;centennial celebration activities 百年庆典活动
易错点:percent 无复数形式,直接跟在数字后使用;percentage 为独立名词,表百分比、比例,必须搭配of使用,二者用法易混淆
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 时空属性类词根词族
知识解构
例句:This century’s centennial cultural event attracts nearly 80 percent of local citizens.(本世纪的百年文化庆典,吸引了当地近八成市民参与。)
同义词:percent=per cent;centennial=hundred-year
10 geo大地:geography地理;geometry几何;geology地质;geologist地质学家;territory领土
固定搭配:physical geography and human geography 自然地理与人文地理;geology field survey 地质实地勘探;national territory and border 国家领土与边境
易错点:geography 侧重地理环境、地理学科、地域特征;geology 侧重地质构造、岩层、地质运动,两门学科核心含义易混淆
例句:Professional geologists study the geography and geological structure of the national territory.(专业的地质学家研究该国领土的地理环境与地质构造。)
同义词:territory=land;geology=earth science
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 时空属性类词根词族
知识解构
11 ann年:annual年度;anniversary周年;annuity年金;biannual一年两次;centennial百年
固定搭配:annual work summary 年度工作总结;wedding anniversary celebration 结婚周年纪念;biannual academic seminar 半年一次的学术研讨会
易错点:biannual 意为一年两次,biennial 意为两年一次,二者拼写相近、语义相反,是高考高频易错辨析点
例句:We hold biannual work summaries and record annual data for the school’s centennial anniversary.(我们一年两次工作总结,为学校百年校庆记录年度数据。)
同义词:annual=yearly;anniversary=remembrance day
12 temp时间:temporary临时;contemporary当代;temperate温和;temperature温度;extempore即兴
固定搭配:temporary part-time job 临时兼职工作;contemporary art and literature 当代文艺;extempore speech performance 即兴演讲表演
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 时空属性类词根词族
知识解构
易错点:temporary 侧重短期、非永久的临时状态,区别于transient(转瞬即逝的);contemporary 可指当代的人或事物,适用范围更广
例句:Many contemporary artists take temporary jobs and create excellent extempore works.(许多当代艺术家从事临时工作,创作优秀的即兴作品。)
同义词:temporary=short-term;contemporary=modern
13 long长久:length长度;elongate拉长;prolong延长;longevity长寿;lengthen加长
固定搭配:lengthen the skirt and sleeve 加长衣裙衣袖;prolong the service life of equipment 延长设备使用寿命;improve physical longevity 提升身体寿命
易错点:lengthen 仅用于实物、距离、尺寸变长;prolong 仅用于时间、期限、过程延长,二者适用场景严格区分
例句:We lengthen the use cycle to prolong the longevity of mechanical equipment effectively.(我们加长设备使用周期,有效延长机械设备的使用寿命。)
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 时空属性类词根词族
知识解构
同义词:prolong=extend;lengthen=stretch
14 short短:shorten缩短; shortage短缺;shorthand速记;short-lived短命;shortcoming缺点
固定搭配:shorten working procedures and time 缩短工作流程与时长;energy and resource shortage 能源资源短缺;overcome personal shortcomings 克服个人缺点
易错点:shortage 为不可数名词,专指资源、物资短缺;shortcoming 多用复数形式,指人或事物的缺陷、不足
例句:We shorten redundant procedures to solve resource shortage and make up for our shortcomings.(我们精简冗余流程,解决资源短缺问题,弥补自身不足。)
同义词:shortage=lack;shortcoming=weakness
15 new新:renew更新;novel新颖;innovate创新;renovate翻新;novice新手
固定搭配:renew data and information regularly 定期更新数据信息;innovate traditional technology 创新传统工艺;renovate old urban buildings 翻新老旧城市建筑
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 时空属性类词根词族
知识解构
易错点:novel 作形容词时特指“新颖独特、与众不同的新”,区别于普通词汇new;novice 专指行业、领域的新手、初学者
例句:Novice practitioners innovate methods to renew and renovate traditional craft skills.(行业新手创新方法,更新改良传统工艺技艺。)
同义词:innovate=reform;novel=original
16 old旧:ancient古老;vintage复古;primitive原始;elder年长;heritage遗产
固定搭配:ancient human civilization 古老的人类文明;vintage style decoration 复古风格装饰;primitive social culture 原始社会文化
易错点:ancient 侧重历史久远的古老事物;primitive 侧重未开化、原始朴素的状态;elder 仅用于形容人的年长,不用于事物
例句:The ancient cultural heritage with vintage style originates from primitive folk customs.(这款复古风格的古老文化遗产源自原始民俗风情。)
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 时空属性类词根词族
知识解构
同义词:ancient=age-old;primitive=original
17 far远:distance距离;distant遥远;extend延伸;extensive广阔;telephone远程通话
固定搭配:a long spatial distance 漫长的空间距离;distant relatives and friends 远方亲友;extend influence and coverage 扩大影响力与覆盖范围
易错点:distant 可形容空间、时间、人际关系遥远;extensive 侧重范围、规模、覆盖面广阔,不形容距离远近
例句:The wireless signal can extend to distant areas and cover extensive spatial ranges.(无线信号可延伸至偏远区域,覆盖广阔的空间范围。)
同义词:distant=far;extensive=vast
18 near近:adjacent邻近;nearby附近;approximate接近;proximity临近;approach靠近
固定搭配:adjacent residential buildings 相邻居民楼;in close proximity to the park 紧邻公园;approximate number and data 近似数值与数据
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 时空属性类词根词族
知识解构
易错点:adjacent 特指建筑、区域、地块相邻接壤;proximity 为正式书面名词,表临近状态,多用于学术、书面语境
例句:We approach the adjacent square and calculate the approximate proximity distance accurately.(我们靠近相邻广场,精准测算近似的临近距离。)
同义词:adjacent=neighboring;approximate=rough
19 side边:aside一旁;beside在旁;reside居住;preside主持;divide分割
固定搭配:stand aside to watch quietly 站在一旁静静观看;reside in the urban area 定居城区;preside over the daily meeting 主持日常会议
易错点:preside 为不及物动词,固定搭配over,表主持会议、管控事务;reside 为正式书面居住,区别于口语化的live
例句:The manager stood aside to watch staff preside over the divided regional work.(经理站在一旁,观摩员工主持分区工作。)
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 时空属性类词根词族
知识解构
同义词:reside=live;preside=host
20 front前:forward向前;forecast预报;foresee预见;forehead前额;foremost首要
固定搭配:move forward steadily 稳步向前推进;forecast weather and climate 预报天气气候;finish the foremost task first 优先完成首要任务
易错点:foresee 侧重提前预判潜在风险、事态发展;forecast 侧重天气、数据、趋势的专业精准预报,二者场景不同
例句:We foresee potential risks and move forward to complete the foremost work on schedule.(我们预判潜在风险,稳步推进、按期完成首要工作。)
同义词:foresee=predict;foremost=primary
21 back后:backward向后;recede后退;retreat撤退;reverse反转;reject退回
固定搭配:step backward carefully 小心后退;recede from the coastal shore 远离海岸;reverse the negative trend 逆转负面趋势
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 时空属性类词根词族
知识解构
易错点:recede 多指潮水、情绪、局势、声音消退后退;retreat 多指军队、人群主动撤退、退让,语义场景不同
例句:The tide recedes backward gradually, and we cannot reverse the delayed working progress.(潮水缓缓退去,我们无法逆转滞后的工作进度。)
同义词:reverse=invert;retreat=withdraw
22 out外:outside外部;output产出;outstand突出;outrun超过;outline轮廓
固定搭配:outside natural environment 外部自然环境;daily industrial output 工业日产量;outline the overall framework 勾勒整体框架
易错点:outstand 极少单独使用,固定搭配stand out 表突出、显眼;output 为不可数名词,表产量、产出、成果,无复数
例句:High product output and unique outline make the brand outstand outside competitors.(高产量与独特外观轮廓,让该品牌在竞品中脱颖而出。)
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 时空属性类词根词族
知识解构
同义词:output=production;outline=sketch
23 in内:inside内部;input输入;indoor室内;inject注入;inhabit居住
固定搭配:inside building structure 建筑内部结构;input effective data 录入有效数据;inject new vitality 注入全新活力
易错点:inhabit 为及物动词,直接接地点名词,无需加介词in;indoor 仅作定语修饰名词,不可作表语
例句:People inhabit the indoor space and inject new input into the internal system operation.(人们居住在室内空间,为内部系统运转注入新的投入。)
同义词:inhabit=occupy;input=insert
24 cross交叉:crossroad十字路口; crosswise交叉; interact互动;interview面谈;interior内部
固定搭配:stand at the crossroad of life 站在人生的十字路口;crosswise spatial distribution 交叉空间分布;interact with teammates actively 积极与队友互动
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 时空属性类词根词族
知识解构
易错点:crossroad 表十字路口、关键抉择点时,必须使用复数crossroads;interior 特指建筑、空间、物体内部,不用于抽象内部
例句:At the crossroad of career development, multiple factors interact in crosswise distribution.(在职业发展的十字路口,多重要素交叉分布、相互影响。)
同义词:interact=communicate;interior=inner
25 single单一:single单一;singular单数;unique独特;unite联合;uniform统一
固定搭配:stick to a single core goal 坚守单一核心目标;singular noun form 名词单数形式;unified standard and system 统一标准与体系
易错点:singular 除单数含义外,还可表示“非凡的、独特的”;uniform 侧重规格、标准、样式的统一,不可用于抽象统一
例句:We unite scattered forces with a uniform standard to achieve a single development goal.(我们以统一标准凝聚零散力量,达成单一的发展目标。) unique=distinct;uniform=consistent
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向1 词根推导词义考向
1. (2026新高考I卷 完形填空)
When I decided to ______ my research paper to the professor, I was worried he would ______ my argument, for the data I collected failed to ______ my main perspective.
A. submit; contradict; support B. permit; predict; inspect
C. transmit; respect; attract D. commit; suspect; oppose
考向破译
submit=sub(向下)+mit(送)→递交;contradict=contra(相反)+dict(言说)→反驳;support=sup(辅助)+port(支撑)→佐证
词根拆解
A
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向1 词根推导词义考向
2. (2025新高考II卷 完形填空)
The team failed to ______ the hidden risks in the project, and the unexpected problem finally ______ the progress of the whole experiment.
A. inspect; disrupted B. expect; attracted
C. suspect; promoted D. respect; progressed
考向破译
inspect=in(深入)+spect(看)→核查、排查;disrupt=dis(否定)+rupt(破裂)→扰乱、阻碍;promote=pro(向前)+mot(移动)→推进
词根拆解
A
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向1 词根推导词义考向
3. (2024新高考I卷 完形填空)
We should ______ different opinions from others, which helps us avoid being ______ by our own limited thinking.
A. tolerate; restricted B. contradict; separated
C. transmit; distracted D. support; attracted
考向破译
tolerate=toler(包容)+ate(动词后缀)→包容、接纳;restrict=re(反复)+strict(束缚)→限制、约束;distract=dis(偏离)+tract(拉扯)→分心、干扰
词根拆解
A
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向破译
提分技巧
1. 词根定义核心法:完形辨析选项多为同词根派生词,优先拆解核心词根本义,锁定单词基础语义,快速筛除词根语义与语境完全相悖的干扰项。
2. 前缀定逻辑法:依托前缀判断语义方向,否定前缀dis-/un-/contra-表反向、pro-/pre-表正向/前置、sub-/under-表下位,精准匹配句子转折、递进、因果逻辑。
3. 语境动作适配法:重点匹配主谓宾动作关系,动作行为类词根词汇需贴合主语身份、宾语对象,规避动作搭配不当的迷惑选项。
考向1 词根推导词义考向
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向破译
避坑指南
1. 规避形近词根混淆坑:mit(送)与miss(放)、port(运)与part(部分)等形近词根易混淆,切勿凭单词外形判断词义,必须拆解词根本义。
2. 规避熟词僻义坑:高频词根词族词汇存在熟词僻义(如spect除“看”还有“审视”义),完形语境优先适配语境语义,不固化基础词义。
3. 规避同义冗余坑:部分派生词中文释义相近,但词根逻辑不同,正向语义词根不可用于否定语境,反向语义词根不可用于积极语境。
考向1 词根推导词义考向
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向破译
解题步骤
步骤1:标注4个选项单词,快速拆解核心词根、前缀,标注基础语义与情感方向(正向/反向/中性);
步骤2:分析空格前后句子逻辑,判定所需动作、语义、情感属性;
步骤3:匹配词根语义与语境逻辑,初步排除错误选项;
步骤4:验证剩余选项的固定搭配、主谓宾适配性,锁定最终答案。
考向1 词根推导词义考向
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向2 词缀词性转换考向
1. (2025新高考II卷 语法填空)
The young scientist’s research, which combines traditional methods with modern technology, has gained great ______________ (popular) among young students.
考向破译
popular(adj. 流行的、受欢迎的)+ 名词后缀-ity(表性质、状态)→popularity n. 人气、普及度
词根拆解
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
popularity
2. (2026全国甲卷 语法填空)
With the ______________ (develop) of digital technology, online learning has become increasingly common in rural areas.
develop(v. 发展)+ 名词后缀-ment(表行为、结果)→development n. 发展、进展
词根拆解
development
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向2 词缀词性转换考向
3. (2024新高考II卷 语法填空)
The ______________ (sustain) of ecological balance depends on the joint efforts of every citizen.
考向破译
sustain(v. 维持、支撑)+ 名词后缀-ability(表能力、可持续状态)→sustainability n. 可持续性
词根拆解
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
sustainability
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向破译
提分技巧
1. 句子成分定位法:快速判断空格所作句子成分,主语、宾语、表语必填名词;修饰名词用形容词;修饰动词/整句用副词,精准锁定变形方向。
2. 固定后缀速变法:熟记高频词性转换后缀,adj.→n.常用-ity/-ness/-tion/-ment;v.→n.常用-tion/-ment/-ance;adj.→adv.常用-ly,实现秒变形。
3. 词根语义校验法:变形后结合词根本义校验语义,确保单词含义贴合句子语境,杜绝词性正确但语义不符的隐性失分。
考向2 词缀词性转换考向
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向破译
避坑指南
1. 规避后缀混用坑:同义后缀不可随意替换,表“性质状态”优先用-ity,表“行为结果”优先用-ment,表“抽象名词”优先用-tion,高考阅卷严格区分。
2. 规避词性固化坑:部分单词多词性(如present兼具动/名/形容词),不可仅凭单词原形定性,必须结合句子成分判断变形规则。
3. 规避拼写变形坑:词缀变形注意拼写变化,部分单词加后缀需去e、双写辅音、变词根拼写,切勿直接生硬拼接后缀导致拼写错误。
考向2 词缀词性转换考向
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向破译
解题步骤
步骤1:分析句子结构,精准判定空格所需词性(名/形/副/动);
步骤2:结合题干给出的基础单词,匹配对应高频转换后缀;
步骤3:修正单词拼写变形(去e、双写、词根变形);
步骤4:代入原句校验语义、语法、单复数,确保完全合规。
考向2 词缀词性转换考向
考点一 词根派生核心词汇暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 否定/反向前缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
01 un-不:unfair不公;unhappy难过;unable不能;uncover揭露;unlock解锁
固定搭配:unfair treatment不公待遇; be unable to do sth. 无法做某事;unlock potential解锁潜能
易错点:un-此处表纯粹否定语义, uncover、unlock为反向动作, 并非否定, 需区分两类语义用法
例句:It is unfair to judge a person by appearance, and we should unlock their inner potential instead of being unhappy.(以貌取人是不公的,我们应发掘他人内在潜能,而非心生不悦。)
同义词:unfair=unjust;unable=incapable;uncover=expose
02 un-反向:undo撤销;unfold展开;unload卸货;unpack拆包;unwind放松
固定搭配:undo a decision撤销决定;unfold a map展开地图;unwind after work下班后放松
易错点:un-反向前缀仅适配动作类词汇,无形容词否定含义,所有词汇均为动词,不可作形容词使用
例句:She decided to undo her previous plan, unfold the new document and unwind herself after busy work.(她决定撤销原定计划,展开新文件,在忙碌工作后放松身心。)
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 否定/反向前缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
同义词:undo=cancel;unfold=spread;unwind=relax
03 dis-否定:disagree不同意;dislike厌恶;disappear消失;disbelieve怀疑;dishonest不诚实
固定搭配:disagree with sb. 不同意某人;dislike doing sth. 厌恶做某事;disappear from sight消失不见
易错点:disagree后固定搭配介词with,不可接to;disbelieve侧重“刻意不信”,区别于doubt的不确定怀疑
例句:I disagree with his dishonest behavior and disbelieve the false news that suddenly disappeared.(我不认同他不诚实的行为,也不相信这条突然消失的假消息。)
同义词:disagree=object;disappear=vanish;dishonest=untruthful
04 dis-分离:disconnect断开;discover发现;distrust不信任;disturb打扰;distribute分配
固定搭配:disconnect from断开连接;disturb sb. 打扰某人;distribute resources分配资源
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 否定/反向前缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
易错点:discover侧重“发现已有未知事物”,不可与invent(发明新事物)混用;distribute为及物动词,可直接接宾语
例句:Please do not disturb others and disconnect your device before we distribute the learning materials.(分发学习资料前,请勿打扰他人并断开设备连接。)
同义词:disconnect=separate;disturb=bother;distribute=allocate
05 in-否定:incorrect错误;inactive懒惰;invisible隐形;indirect间接;incomplete残缺
固定搭配:incorrect answer错误答案; inactive in study学习懈怠; incomplete information残缺信息
易错点:in-为通用否定前缀,不用于b/p/m/l/r开头单词;inactive侧重“状态不活跃”,非单纯贬义懒惰
例句:The invisible problem leads to an indirect result and makes the collected data incomplete and incorrect.(隐形问题引发间接结果,导致收集的数据残缺且有误。)
同义词:incorrect=wrong;invisible=unseen;incomplete=unfinished
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 否定/反向前缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
06 im-(b/p/m前):impossible不可能; impolite无礼; immoral不道德; immobile静止;impure不纯
固定搭配:it is impossible to do做某事不可能;impolite behavior无礼行为;immobile state静止状态
易错点:im-仅用于b/p/m辅音开头单词,是in-的变形前缀;impure可形容实物、思想不纯,适用范围广
例句:It is impolite and immoral to hold impure thoughts, and it is impossible to change the immobile rule casually.(心存杂念、言行无礼失德,且既定规则静止不变、不可随意更改。)
同义词:impossible=unlikely;impolite=rude;immoral=unethical
07 il-(l前):illegal非法;illogical不合逻辑;illiterate文盲;illegible字迹模糊;illimitable无限
固定搭配:illegal behavior非法行为;illogical reasoning不合逻辑的推理;illimitable space无限空间
易错点:il-仅用于l开头单词;illiterate可作形容词、名词,表“文盲的;文盲”,词性灵活
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 否定/反向前缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
例句:It is illogical and illegal for illiterate people to spread false information in illimitable public network space.(文盲人群在无限的公共网络空间传播虚假信息,既不合逻辑也涉嫌违法。)
同义词:illegal=unlawful;illogical=irrational;illimitable=infinite
08 ir-(r前):irregular不规则;irresponsible不负责任;irrelative无关;irritable易怒;irrelevant不相关
固定搭配:irregular time不规则时间;be irresponsible for对…不负责任;irrelevant to与…无关
易错点:ir-仅用于r开头单词;irritable形容人情绪易怒,不可形容事物;irrelevant固定搭配to
例句:He is irresponsible for his work, has irregular working hours and is irritable about irrelevant trivial matters.(他工作不负责任,作息不规律,还会因无关琐事易怒暴躁。)
同义词:irregular=uneven;irresponsible=unreliable;irritable=fussy
09 mis-错误:misunderstand误解;mislead误导;misjudge误判;misplace放错;misspell拼错
固定搭配:misunderstand sb.’s intention误解某人意图;mislead sb. into doing误导某人做某事
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 否定/反向前缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
易错点:mis-表“错误、失误”,所有词汇均含动作偏差含义;misspell、misplace为日常高频易错考点
例句:Do not misunderstand the instructions, or you will misspell words and misjudge the task difficulty.(不要误解指令,否则会出现拼写错误、误判任务难度。)
同义词:misunderstand=misconceive;mislead=deceive;misjudge=miscalculate
10 anti-反/抗:antibiotic抗生素; antiwar反战;antifreeze防冻;antirust防锈;anti-social孤僻
固定搭配:take antibiotics服用抗生素;antiwar movement反战运动;antirust coating防锈涂层
易错点:anti-表“对抗、反对”,专属主题词汇固定搭配,不可随意替换前缀;anti-social为高考阅读高频词
例句:The antiwar activist uses antirust and antifreeze materials and refuses to be anti-social in daily life.(这位反战人士日常使用防锈防冻材料,且性格开朗、绝不孤僻疏离。)
同义词:antiwar=peace-loving;antifreeze=freeze-proof;anti-social=unsociable
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 否定/反向前缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
11 non-无/非:nonstop直达; nonfiction纪实; nonhuman非人类; nonprofit非营利;nonsense废话
固定搭配:nonstop flight直达航班;nonprofit organization非营利组织;talk nonsense说废话
易错点:non-表“无、非、不具备属性”,语义弱于un-/dis-否定前缀,无强烈贬义
例句:This nonprofit organization provides nonstop service and publishes nonfiction works without nonhuman intervention.(该非营利机构提供直达服务,出版纪实作品,无外力干预。)
同义词:nonstop=direct;nonprofit=non-commercial;nonsense=rubbish
12 de-去除/反向:decrease减少;devalue贬值;decode解码;deforest砍伐;defrost解冻
固定搭配:decrease pollution减少污染; devalue currency货币贬值;decode information解码信息
易错点:de-兼具“去除、反向、降低”三重含义,适配动词词汇;deforest特指过度砍伐林木
例句:Excessive deforestation will devalue ecological resources and decrease the self-repairing ability of nature.(过度砍伐会导致生态资源贬值,降低自然自愈能力。)
同义词:decrease=reduce;devalue=depreciate;decode=decipher
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 否定/反向前缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
13 un-抽象否定:unconscious无意识;unreasonable无理;unsteady不稳;unusual独特
固定搭配:unconscious behavior无意识行为;unreasonable demand无理要求;unsteady mood情绪不稳
易错点:此类un-否定适配抽象状态、思维、情绪,不用于实物;unusual为褒义,表独特不凡例句:His unconscious and unreasonable words lead to unsteady atmosphere and bring unusual trouble.(他无意识的无理言论造成氛围失衡,带来额外麻烦。)
同义词:unconscious=unaware;unreasonable=absurd;unsteady=unstable
14 dis-抽象否定:discomfort不适; disorder混乱; disadvantage劣势; disobey违抗; disrespect无礼
固定搭配:physical discomfort身体不适;social disorder社会混乱;disobey rules违抗规则
易错点:dis-抽象否定多形容状态、行为、人际关系负面状态;disadvantage为写作高频替换词
例句:Disrespect for others will cause interpersonal disorder and become a huge disadvantage in social life.(待人无礼会造成人际混乱,成为社交生活中的一大劣势。)
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 否定/反向前缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
同义词:discomfort=unease;disorder=chaos;disadvantage=drawback
15 in-抽象否定:independent独立;inaccurate不准确;inadequate不足;insecure不安;insincere虚伪
固定搭配:independent thinking独立思考;inaccurate data不准确数据;inadequate resources资源不足
易错点:in-抽象否定侧重认知、状态、条件缺陷;independent为高考核心高频词,固定搭配be independent of
例句:Insincere communication leads to inaccurate judgment and makes people feel insecure with inadequate support.(虚伪的沟通会造成判断偏差,资源支撑不足会让人内心不安。)
同义词:independent=self-reliant;inaccurate=imprecise;inadequate=insufficient
16 mis-行为错误:mismanage管理失误;misread读错;mishear听错;misinform误导;misremember记错
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 否定/反向前缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
固定搭配:mismanage a project项目管理失误;misread a sentence读错句子;misinform the public误导大众
易错点:所有词汇均为日常行为失误,语义轻微,无强烈贬义;misinform侧重信息传递错误
例句:If you mishear the instructions, you may mismanage the work and misinform your teammates.(听错指令会导致工作管理失误,进而误导队友。)
同义词:mismanage=mishandle;misread=misinterpret;misinform=mislead
17 anti-社会类:anti-discrimination反歧视;anti-pollution防污染;anti-violence反暴力;anti-age抗衰;anti-fake防伪
固定搭配:anti-discrimination policy反歧视政策;anti-pollution measures防污染措施;anti-fake label防伪标签
易错点:社会类anti-词汇多为复合形容词/名词,是应用文写作热点词汇,固定搭配不可随意改动
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 否定/反向前缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
例句:We advocate anti-discrimination and anti-violence ideas and strictly implement anti-pollution rules.(我们倡导反歧视、反暴力理念,严格落实防污染规定。)
同义词:anti-pollution=environment-friendly;anti-violence=peaceful
18 non-学术类:nonverbal非语言;nonacademic非学术;nonmedical非医疗;nonnative非本土;nonprofessional业余
固定搭配:nonverbal communication非语言沟通;nonnative species外来物种;nonprofessional worker业余从业者
易错点:non-学术类词汇多用于阅读科普、教育类文本,区分专业与非专业属性,无褒贬
例句:Nonacademic knowledge and nonverbal skills help nonnative students adapt to new life quickly.(非学术知识与非语言沟通技巧,能帮助外来学生快速适应新生活。)
同义词:nonverbal=body-language;nonprofessional=amateur
19 de-动作反向:depart离开;descend下降;degenerate退化;demolish摧毁;detach分离
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 否定/反向前缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
固定搭配:depart from出发、离开;descend slowly缓缓下降;detach from从…分离
易错点:de-反向动作多为动态变化;descend是上升ascend的反义词;degenerate侧重能力、状态退化
例句:If you depart from self-discipline, your ability will degenerate and your status will descend gradually.(一旦背离自律,个人能力会退化,阶层也会逐步下滑。)
同义词:depart=leave;descend=fall;degenerate=deteriorate
20 un-情绪否定:ungrateful忘恩;unselfish无私;unwilling不情愿;unconfident自卑;unconcerned冷漠
固定搭配:be ungrateful for kindness忘恩负义;be unwilling to do不情愿做;be unconcerned about对…冷漠
易错点:此类词汇均形容人物情绪、态度;unselfish为褒义否定,其余多为贬义
例句:Unconfident people are often unwilling to try and seem unconcerned about gains and losses.
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 否定/反向前缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
(自卑的人往往不愿尝试,看似对得失淡然,实则心态怯懦。)
同义词:ungrateful=thankless;unselfish=selfless;unwilling=reluctant
21 dis-人际否定:disunion分裂; disloyal不忠;disgust厌恶;disappoint失望;discourage泄气
固定搭配:social disunion社会分裂;be disloyal to对…不忠;discourage sb. 使某人泄气
易错点:dis-人际否定侧重人际关系、情感态度负面变化;discourage后可接sb. from doing sth.
例句:Disloyal words will cause team disunion and disappoint teammates, discouraging everyone’s enthusiasm.(不忠言论会造成团队分裂、让队友失望,打击所有人的积极性。)
同义词:disunion=division;disgust=repulsion;discourage=dishearten
22 im-能力否定:impatient急躁;impractical不切实际;impotent无力;imprudent鲁莽
固定搭配:be impatient with sb. 对某人急躁;impractical plan不切实际的计划;imprudent behavior鲁莽行为
易错点:im-能力否定侧重个人性格、行事能力缺陷;impotent侧重客观无力,非生理缺陷
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 否定/反向前缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
例句:It is imprudent and impractical to be impatient with others and take impotent measures.(待人急躁、采取无效措施,既鲁莽又不切实际。)
同义词:impatient=restless;impractical=unrealistic;imprudent=reckless
23 ir-逻辑否定:irrational不理性;irrevocable不可撤销;irreplaceable不可替代;irresponsible失职
固定搭配:irrational behavior不理性行为;irrevocable decision不可撤销的决定;irreplaceable value无可替代的价值
易错点:ir-逻辑否定多用于正式书面语境,是阅读、改错高频考点,语义程度较重
例句:An irresponsible decision may bring irrevocable loss and waste irreplaceable social resources.(失职的决策会造成无法挽回的损失,浪费无可替代的社会资源。)
同义词:irrational=illogical;irrevocable=irreversible;irreplaceable=unique
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 词性转换后缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
01 -tion名词组:educate→education;inform→information;create→creation;operate→operation;pollute→pollution
固定搭配:receive education接受教育;collect information收集信息;artistic creation艺术创作;daily operation日常运作;air pollution空气污染
易错点:-tion为最通用名词后缀,无变形拼写误区;pollution、information为不可数名词,无复数形式
例句:Quality education helps students absorb useful information and inspire artistic creation.(优质教育助力学生吸纳有效信息,激发艺术创作。)
同义词:education=schooling;information=data;pollution=contamination
02 -ment名词组:develop→development;achieve→achievement;agree→agreement;argue→argument;judge→judgment
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 词性转换后缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
固定搭配:social development社会发展;great achievement卓越成就;reach an agreement达成共识;have an argument产生争执;fair judgment公正评判
易错点:judgment美式拼写、judgement英式拼写均合规;argument侧重理性争辩,区别于quarrel日常争吵
例句:Continuous development brings numerous achievements and reduces unnecessary arguments.(持续发展造就诸多成就,减少无谓纷争。)
同义词:development=progress;achievement=accomplishment;agreement=consensus
03 -ness名词组:happy→happiness;kind→kindness;dark→darkness;weak→weakness;sick→sickness
固定搭配:pursue happiness追求幸福;show kindness展现善意;the darkness of night夜色;overcome weakness克服弱点;recover from sickness病愈
易错点:-ness后缀均为抽象不可数名词,统一无复数;weakness可指身体虚弱或性格短板
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 词性转换后缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
例句:True happiness comes from kindness and self-improvement that makes up for weakness.(真正的幸福源于善意与弥补短板的自我提升。)
同义词:happiness=joy;kindness=benevolence;weakness=shortcoming
04 -ity名词组:popular→popularity;active→activity;diverse→diversity;reliable→reliability;simple→simplicity
固定搭配:gain popularity收获人气;outdoor activities户外活动;cultural diversity文化多元;ensure reliability确保可靠性;the simplicity of life生活质朴
易错点:-ity多用于形容词转抽象名词,simplicity侧重事物简洁属性,区别于simpleness单纯简单
例句:The popularity of the activity lies in its diversity, reliability and simplicity.(这项活动的受欢迎之处在于其多元性、可靠性与简洁性。)
同义词:popularity=fame;diversity=variety;simplicity=plainness
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 词性转换后缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
05 -ful形容词组:care→careful;hope→hopeful;pain→painful;power→powerful;fruit→fruitful
固定搭配:be careful with小心对待;be hopeful about对…满怀希望;painful experience痛苦经历;powerful influence深远影响;fruitful cooperation高效合作
易错点:-ful后缀形容词表正向/具象属性,无比较级特殊变形,直接加more/most即可
例句:A careful and hopeful attitude leads to powerful motivation and fruitful results.(谨慎乐观的心态能催生强大动力,收获丰硕成果。)
同义词:careful=cautious;powerful=influential;fruitful=productive
06 -less形容词组:care→careless;hope→hopeless;pain→painless;power→powerless;fear→fearless
固定搭配:careless mistake粗心失误;hopeless situation绝境;painless treatment无痛治疗;powerless to change无力改变;fearless spirit无畏精神
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 词性转换后缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
易错点:-less表完全否定,hopeless侧重毫无希望,fearless为高考写作正向高分词
例句:Fearless people never feel powerless even in hopeless and tough situations.(无畏之人纵使身处绝境困境,也绝不束手无策。)
同义词:careless=negligent;hopeless=desperate;fearless=brave
07 -able形容词组:rely→reliable;accept→acceptable;afford→affordable;believe→believable;notice→noticeable
固定搭配:reliable evidence可靠证据;acceptable standard合格标准;affordable price亲民价格;believable explanation可信解释;noticeable change显著变化
易错点:-able后缀表“可…的”,主语多为事物,区别于-ing/-ed形容词修饰主体差异
例句:The noticeable change makes the plan affordable and acceptable to the public.(这一显著变化让方案价格亲民、大众认可。)
同义词:reliable=dependable;acceptable=admissible;noticeable=obvious
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 词性转换后缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
08 -ly副词组:quick→quickly;slow→slowly;careful→carefully;simple→simply;gentle→gently
固定搭配:respond quickly快速响应;progress slowly稳步推进;operate carefully谨慎操作;explain simply简明阐释;speak gently轻声言语
易错点:绝大多数形容词变副词直接加-ly,无拼写变形,是短文改错高频基础考点
例句:He carefully observed and simply explained the rule gently to others.(他细致观察,温和且简明地向他人讲解规则。)
同义词:quickly=rapidly;carefully=prudently;gently=mildly
09 -ize动词组:modern→modernize;organ→organize;real→realize;social→socialize;private→privatize
固定搭配:modernize facilities设施现代化;organize activities组织活动;realize dreams实现梦想;socialize with others与人交际;privatize resources资源私有化
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 词性转换后缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
易错点:-ize为动词专用后缀,高考语法填空词性转换高频,注意拼写无省略字母
例句:We organize various activities to socialize and realize the goal of modernization.(我们组织多元活动拓展交际,实现现代化目标。)
同义词:modernize=update;organize=arrange;realize=achieve
10 -ate动词组:active→activate;simple→simplify;valid→validate;origin→originate;separate→separate
固定搭配:activate potential激发潜能;simplify procedures简化流程;validate results验证结果;originate from源自;separate from脱离、分离
易错点:separate动词读音/ˈsepəreɪt/、形容词读音/ˈseprət/,词性读音不同,极易混淆
例句:We simplify steps and validate data to separate effective methods from useless ones.(我们简化步骤、验证数据,区分有效方法与无效方式。)
同义词:activate=stimulate;simplify=streamline;originate=stem from
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 词性转换后缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
11 -or表人/物组:act→actor;direct→director;operate→operator;invent→inventor;visit→visitor
固定搭配:a famous actor知名演员;film director电影导演;machine operator机器操作员;creative inventor创新发明者;tourist visitor观光游客
易错点:-or多表专业从业者、精密器械,区别于-er通用人/物后缀,高考词义辨析常考
例句:The director and operator guided every visitor with professional standards.(导演和操作员以专业标准接待每一位访客。)
同义词:actor=performer;inventor=creator;visitor=guest
12 -er表人/物组:work→worker;teach→teacher;drive→driver;compute→computer;cook→cooker
固定搭配:skilled worker熟练工人;professional teacher专业教师;truck driver卡车司机;portable computer便携电脑;electric cooker电饭锅
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 词性转换后缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
易错点:cooker指厨具,cook才是厨师,是高考高频词义陷阱,切勿混用
例句:The worker and driver use a computer and a cooker in their daily work.(工人和司机在日常工作中会使用电脑和厨具。)
同义词:worker=laborer;teacher=instructor;computer=laptop
13 -ist表职业组:art→artist;science→scientist;tour→tourist;piano→pianist;journal→journalist
固定搭配:talented artist天才艺术家;brilliant scientist杰出科学家;overseas tourist海外游客;professional pianist专业钢琴家;senior journalist资深记者
易错点:-ist后缀特指专业从业者、爱好者,多用于文艺、科研、传媒领域职业
例句:The journalist and artist cooperated with the scientist on the research.(记者与艺术家协同科学家开展研究工作。)
同义词:artist=painter;journalist=reporter;scientist=researcher
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 词性转换后缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
14 -ian表专业组:history→historian;music→musician;politics→politician;library→librarian;magic→magician
固定搭配:renowned historian知名历史学家;excellent musician优秀音乐人;honest politician正直政客;responsible librarian负责的图书管理员;skillful magician技艺精湛的魔术师
易错点:-ian后缀多用于人文、艺术、政务专业人才,是高阶职业词汇,写作加分
例句:The historian and musician were served by the polite librarian.(历史学家和音乐人得到了图书管理员的礼貌接待。)
同义词:historian=history scholar;musician=player;magician=illusionist
15 -ship表关系组:friend→friendship;leader→leadership;member→membership;citizen→citizenship;scholar→scholarship
固定搭配:sincere friendship真挚友谊;strong leadership强大领导力;valid membership有效会员资格;equal citizenship平等公民权;academic scholarship学术奖学金
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 词性转换后缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
易错点:-ship后缀均为抽象名词,表关系、资质、能力,无复数、不可数
例句:True friendship and good leadership rely on equal citizenship and teamwork.(真挚的友谊与优秀的领导力,依托平等的公民权益与团队协作。)
同义词:friendship=companionship;leadership=guidance;scholarship=grant
16 -th名词组:true→truth;warm→warmth;deep→depth;wide→width;long→length
固定搭配:seek the truth探寻真相;feel the warmth感受温暖;the depth of the sea海洋深度;the width of the road道路宽度;the length of time时长
易错点:形容词变-th名词为特殊变形,无规律,是语法填空词性转换必考冷门考点
例句:The truth lies in the depth of observation and the length of persistence.(真相藏于观察的深度与坚持的时长之中。)
同义词:truth=fact;warmth=kindness;depth=profundity
17 -y形容词组:rain→rainy;wind→windy;cloud→cloudy;sun→sunny;dirt→dirty
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 词性转换后缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
固定搭配:rainy days雨天;windy weather大风天气;cloudy sky阴天;sunny morning晴朗清晨;dirty surface脏乱的表面
易错点:名词变-y形容词多用于天气、环境描述,拼写简单,短文改错基础考点
例句:On sunny days, windy and cloudy weather seldom brings dirty air.(晴朗的日子里,大风阴天极少带来污浊空气。)
同义词:rainy=wet;sunny=bright;dirty=messy
18 -ous形容词组:danger→dangerous;courage→courageous;humor→humorous;poison→poisonous;fame→famous
固定搭配:dangerous behavior危险行为;courageous decision果敢的决定;humorous speech幽默的演讲;poisonous gas有毒气体;famous landmark知名地标
易错点:-ous后缀形容词多表属性、特质,famous固定搭配be famous for/as,切勿混用
例句:The courageous man avoided dangerous risks and defeated poisonous substances.
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 词性转换后缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
(这位勇者规避危险风险,清除了有毒物质。)
同义词:dangerous=risky;humorous=witty;famous=renowned
19 -ive形容词组:act→active;create→creative;attract→attractive;protect→protective;impress→impressive
固定搭配:active participation积极参与;creative thinking创新思维;attractive scenery迷人风景;protective measures防护措施;impressive performance精彩表现
易错点:-ive后缀形容词多表主动属性,区别于被动-ed形容词,词义辨析高频考点
例句:Active and creative students always deliver impressive and attractive works.(积极创新的学生总能呈现精彩亮眼的作品。)
同义词:active=energetic;creative=original;impressive=striking
20 -al形容词组:nation→national;culture→cultural;nature→natural;origin→original;person→personal
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 词性转换后缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
固定搭配:national pride民族自豪;cultural heritage文化遗产;natural resources自然资源;original idea原创想法;personal opinion个人观点
易错点:-al后缀形容词修饰宏观事物、抽象概念,拼写固定,无变形误区
例句:We protect natural and cultural resources with our personal efforts.(我们以个人之力守护自然与文化资源。)
同义词:national=state;natural=native;original=initial
21 -en动词组:wide→widen; deep→deepen; short→shorten; bright→brighten; weak→weaken
固定搭配:widen horizons拓宽视野;deepen understanding加深理解;shorten time缩短时间;brighten mood愉悦心情;weaken influence削弱影响
易错点:-en后缀多用于形容词变动词,表“使…变得…”,语法填空变形高频考点
例句:We widen our vision and deepen cognition to weaken negative impacts.(我们拓宽视野、深化认知,削弱负面影响。)
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 词性转换后缀词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
同义词:widen=broaden;deepen=strengthen;weaken=undermine
22 -ance名词组:appear→appearance;perform→performance;differ→difference;exist→existence;assist→assistance
固定搭配:neat appearance整洁仪容;excellent performance精彩表现;obvious difference明显差异;the existence of life生命存在;offer assistance提供帮助
易错点:-ance后缀多为动词变名词,assistance为不可数名词,无复数
例句:His good appearance and performance make a big difference to team assistance.(他良好的仪容与表现,对团队助力极大。)
同义词:appearance=look;performance=show;assistance=help
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 复合衍生词词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
01 self-自我:self-confident自信;self-respect自尊;self-control自控;self-reliant自立;self-taught自学
固定搭配:self-confident attitude自信的态度;earn self-respect赢得自尊;exercise self-control自控自律;self-reliant personality自立的性格;self-taught skill自学成才的技能
易错点:self-系列复合词均为形容词/名词合成词,无复数变形;self-taught仅形容“无师自通的”,不可修饰人本身
例句:Self-reliant and self-confident students with strong self-control always gain sincere self-respect in study.(自律自立、自信从容的学生,总能在学习中收获真正的自尊。)
同义词:self-confident=assured;self-respect=self-esteem;self-control=self-discipline
02 over-过度:overwork过劳;overweight超重;overestimate高估;overcrowded拥挤;overjoyed狂喜
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 复合衍生词词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
固定搭配:suffer from overwork过度劳累;be overweight体重超标;overestimate one’s ability高估自身能力;overcrowded streets拥挤的街道;be overjoyed at good news因喜讯狂喜
易错点:over-表“超出、过度”,语义含负面倾向;overwork、overestimate为动词,overweight、overcrowded、overjoyed为形容词,词性不可混用
例句:Do not overestimate your strength or overwork yourself, and you will not feel stressed in overcrowded public places.(切勿高估自身能力、过度劳累,在拥挤的公共场合也能保持平和心态。)
同义词:overwork=overstrain;overestimate=overrate;overjoyed=delighted
03 under-不足:underestimate低估;underpaid薪资低;underdeveloped落后;underweight偏瘦;underground地下
固定搭配:underestimate the difficulty低估难度;underpaid staff薪资偏低的员工;underdeveloped regions落后地区;be underweight体重偏轻;underground passage地下通道
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 复合衍生词词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
易错点:under-与over-语义完全相反,是七选五反向替换核心;underground可作形容词、名词、副词,词性灵活多变
例句:We often underestimate the potential of underdeveloped areas and ignore underweight children’s physical health.(我们常低估落后地区的发展潜力,忽视偏瘦儿童的身体健康。)
同义词:underestimate=underrate;underdeveloped=backward;underground=subterranean
04 out-超出:outstanding杰出;outperform超越;outlive活得久;outdoor户外;outline轮廓
固定搭配:outstanding achievements杰出成就;outperform peers超越同龄人;outlive one’s relatives比亲人长寿;outdoor activities户外活动;draw an outline绘制轮廓
易错点:out-表“超越、向外”;outperform、outlive为动态动词,outstanding为静态形容词,不可混用句式
例句:Outstanding students always outperform others and love outdoor sports to keep energetic.(优秀的学生总能超越他人,且热爱户外运动、保持活力。)
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 复合衍生词词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
同义词:outstanding=excellent;outperform=surpass;outline=sketch
05 well-良好:well-known知名;well-organized条理清晰;well-behaved举止得体;well-educated受过教育;well-balanced均衡
固定搭配:well-known brand知名品牌;well-organized plan条理清晰的方案;well-behaved children举止得体的孩子;well-educated talents受过良好教育的人才;well-balanced diet均衡饮食
易错点:well-复合形容词多作前置定语,无比较级、最高级;区分well-balanced(均衡的)与balanced(平衡的),前者侧重状态优良
例句:Well-educated people with well-organized thinking are always well-behaved in public.(思维清晰、受过良好教育的人,在公共场合始终举止得体。)
同义词:well-known=famous;well-organized=systematic;well-balanced=balanced
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 复合衍生词词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
06 ill-糟糕:ill-mannered无礼;ill-tempered脾气差;ill-planned计划不周;ill-fortune厄运;ill-health体弱
固定搭配:ill-mannered behavior无礼的行为;ill-tempered personality暴躁的性格;ill-planned project筹划不周的项目;suffer ill-fortune遭遇厄运;poor ill-health体弱多病
易错点:ill-表“不良、负面”,均为贬义词汇;ill-health、ill-fortune为不可数名词,无复数
例句:Ill-planned decisions and ill-mannered words will bring ill-fortune to one’s life.(筹划不周的决策、无礼的言辞,会给人生带来厄运。)
同义词:ill-mannered=rude;ill-tempered=grumpy;ill-fortune=misfortune
07 cross-交叉:cross-cultural跨文化;cross-border跨境;cross-country越野;cross-class跨阶层;cross-subject跨学科
固定搭配:cross-cultural communication跨文化交流;cross-border trade跨境贸易;cross-country race越野赛跑;cross-class cooperation跨阶层合作;cross-subject research跨学科研究
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 复合衍生词词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
易错点:cross-表“交叉、跨越”,多用于正式场景;所有复合词均为形容词,可直接修饰名词,无需变形
例句:Cross-cultural and cross-subject learning helps students broaden their global vision.(跨文化、跨学科学习能帮助学生拓宽国际视野。)
同义词:cross-cultural=intercultural;cross-border=transnational
08 mega-巨型:megacity大都市;megaproject大型工程;megastore大型商场;megatrend大趋势;megawatt兆瓦
固定搭配:modern megacity现代化大都市;national megaproject国家级大型工程;chain megastore连锁大型商场;global megatrend全球大趋势;megawatt power兆瓦级电力
易错点:mega-为书面高阶前缀,表“超大、巨型”,多用于阅读C/D篇社科、科技文本;均为名词,可数常规变形
例句:The construction of megacities and megaprojects follows the global development megatrend.(大都市与大型工程的建设顺应全球发展大趋势。)
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 复合衍生词词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
同义词:megacity=metropolis;megaproject=large-scale project
09 micro-微小:microscope显微镜;microchip芯片;microclimate小气候;microorganism微生物;microwave微波
固定搭配:observe with a microscope用显微镜观察;intelligent microchip智能芯片;local microclimate局部小气候;harmful microorganism有害微生物;microwave oven微波炉
易错点:micro-与mega-语义相反,表“微小、微观”;microorganism复数直接加s,拼写易漏micro前缀
例句:Scientists use microscopes to study microorganisms and microclimate changes.(科学家借助显微镜研究微生物与局部小气候变化。)
同义词:microchip=chip;microwave=micro-wave
10 macro-宏观:macroeconomics宏观经济;macroclimate大气候;macrostructure宏观结构;macrodata大数据;macroscale大规模
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 复合衍生词词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
固定搭配:macroeconomics analysis宏观经济分析;global macroclimate全球大气候;social macrostructure社会宏观结构;macrodata statistics大数据统计;macroscale construction大规模建设
易错点:macro-表“宏观、整体”,与micro微观对应,是阅读经济、科技文本高频辨析考点;macroeconomics为不可数学科名词
例句:Macroeconomics development relies on stable social macrostructure and accurate macrodata.(宏观经济发展依托稳定的社会宏观结构与精准的大数据支撑。)
同义词:macrodata=big data;macroscale=large-scale
11 tele-远程:telephone电话;television电视;telework远程办公;teleconference线上会议;telescope望远镜
固定搭配:mobile telephone移动电话;digital television数字电视;carry out telework开展远程办公;hold a teleconference召开线上会议;astronomical telescope天文望远镜
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 复合衍生词词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
易错点:tele-表“远程、远距离”,基础高频复合词;telework、teleconference为新时代高频词汇,七选五同义替换常客
例句:Modern technology enables telework and teleconference anytime and anywhere.(现代科技让随时随地远程办公、线上会议成为可能。)
同义词:telework=remote work;teleconference=online meeting
12 bio-生命:biotechnology生物科技;biodegradable可降解;bioenergy生物能源;biology生物;biography传记
固定搭配:advanced biotechnology先进生物科技;biodegradable materials可降解材料;clean bioenergy清洁能源;biology knowledge生物知识;celebrity biography名人传记
易错点:bio-表“生命、生物”,环保、科技主题必考;biodegradable为形容词,名词形式为biodegradability
例句:Biotechnology promotes the use of bioenergy and biodegradable environmental materials.
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 复合衍生词词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
(生物科技推动生物能源与可降解环保材料的应用。)
同义词:biotechnology=bio-tech;bioenergy=biological energy
13 eco-生态:ecosystem生态系统;ecology生态学;ecotourism生态旅游;ecofriendly环保;ecological生态的
固定搭配:balanced ecosystem平衡的生态系统;applied ecology应用生态学;sustainable ecotourism可持续生态旅游;ecofriendly products环保产品;ecological protection生态保护
易错点:eco-为高考热点前缀,生态主题专属;ecofriendly为合成形容词,无比较级,写作高频加分词
例句:Ecological protection and ecofriendly consumption support the healthy ecosystem.(生态保护与环保消费助力生态系统良性发展。)
同义词:ecological=environmental;ecofriendly=environment-friendly
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 复合衍生词词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
14 cyber-网络:cyberspace网络空间;cybercrime网络犯罪;cyber security网络安全;cyberculture网络文化;cyberfriend网友
固定搭配:safe cyberspace安全的网络空间;prevent cybercrime防范网络犯罪;guarantee cyber security保障网络安全;positive cyberculture积极的网络文化;honest cyberfriend真诚网友
易错点:cyber-为网络科技专属前缀,阅读高频;cyber security为固定搭配,分开书写,不可连写
例句:We should abide by cyberculture rules and resist cybercrime to protect cyberspace safety.(我们应遵守网络文化规范、抵制网络犯罪,守护网络空间安全。)
同义词:cyberspace=internet space;cyberfriend=net friend
15 multi-多:multicultural多元文化;multinational跨国;multiply繁殖;multimedia多媒体;multitask多任务
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 复合衍生词词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
固定搭配:multicultural society多元文化社会;multinational company跨国公司;animals multiply rapidly动物快速繁殖;multimedia teaching多媒体教学;multitask ability多任务处理能力
易错点:multi-表“多重、多样”;multiply为动词,其余多为形容词/名词,词性极易混用;multitask可作动词、名词
例句:Multicultural and multinational enterprises usually adopt multimedia office modes.(多元文化的跨国企业普遍采用多媒体办公模式。)
同义词:multicultural=diverse;multinational=transnational
16 mono-单一:monologue独白;monotonous单调;monopoly垄断;monochrome单色;monolingual单语
固定搭配:inner monologue内心独白;monotonous life单调的生活;market monopoly市场垄断;monochrome painting单色画作;monolingual education单语教育
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 复合衍生词词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
易错点:mono-与multi-语义相反,表“单一、独有”;monotonous含贬义,侧重枯燥乏味,区别于simple简单的
例句:A monotonous life and market monopoly will restrict diversified development.(单调的生活与市场垄断会制约多元化发展。)
同义词:monotonous=boring;monopoly=dominance
17 semi-半:semicircle半圆;semifinal半决赛;semi-automatic半自动;semiprofessional半职业;semisweet微甜
固定搭配:draw a semicircle画一个半圆;enter the semifinal晋级半决赛;semi-automatic equipment半自动设备;semiprofessional athlete半职业运动员;semisweet chocolate微甜巧克力
易错点:semi-表一半、半成熟,程度介于完全与无之间;所有复合词拼写不可漏semi前缀
例句:Semiprofessional players can operate semi-automatic equipment skillfully.(半职业选手能够熟练操作半自动设备。)
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 复合衍生词词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
同义词:semifinal=semi-final;semisweet=mildly sweet
18 ultra-极致:ultraviolet紫外线;ultramodern超现代;ultra-thin超薄;ultra-fast超快;ultra-high超高
固定搭配:ultraviolet radiation紫外线辐射;ultramodern design超现代设计;ultra-thin screen超薄屏幕;ultra-fast network超快网络;ultra-high temperature超高温度
易错点:ultra-表“极致、超高级别”,程度强于very;多为科技类形容词,修饰高端事物
例句:Ultramodern devices with ultra-thin bodies support ultra-fast data transmission.(超薄机身的超现代设备支持超快数据传输。)
同义词:ultramodern=super-modern;ultra-fast=extremely fast
19 extra-额外:extraordinary非凡;extracurricular课外;extra-large超大;extra time加时;extra service增值服务
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 复合衍生词词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
固定搭配:extraordinary talent非凡的天赋;extracurricular activities课外活动;extra-large size超大尺寸;spare extra time预留加时时间;provide extra service提供增值服务
易错点:extra-表“额外、超出常规”;extraordinary词义特殊,切勿直译为“额外的”,七选五高频易错
例句:Participating in extracurricular activities cultivates extraordinary comprehensive abilities.(参与课外活动能培养非凡的综合能力。)
同义词:extraordinary=remarkable;extracurricular=after-school
20 inter-相互:international国际;interview面谈;interact互动;intermediate中级;internet互联网
固定搭配:international cooperation国际合作;job interview求职面谈;interact with others与人互动;intermediate level中级水平;surf the internet上网
易错点:inter-表相互、之间,区别于intra-内部;interact为不及物动词,固定搭配interact with
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考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 复合衍生词词族
知识解构
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
例句:International communication requires us to interact with people at intermediate levels.(国际交流需要我们与不同层级的人互动沟通。)
同义词:international=global;interact=communicate
21 intra-内部:intracity市内;intrapersonal内心;intra-school校内;intra-industry行业内;intra-family家庭内部
固定搭配:intracity traffic市内交通;intrapersonal emotion内心情绪;intra-school competition校内竞赛;intra-industry cooperation行业内合作;intra-family communication家庭内部沟通
易错点:intra-表“内部的”,与inter-相互的互为反义,是词义辨析核心考点;仅作前缀修饰名词
例句:Intra-school activities and intra-family communication benefit students’ growth.(校内活动与家庭内部沟通助力学生成长。)
同义词:intracity=urban;intrapersonal=inner
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向1 前缀语义反差辨析考向
考向破译
1. (2024新高考I卷 阅读推理态度题)
The writer holds an ______ attitude toward non-profit organizations, thinking they are indispensable to society.
A. disapproving B. uncaring
C. Supportive D. irrational
disapproving=dis(否定)+approve(赞同)→不认可的;uncaring=un(否定)+care(关心)→冷漠的;supportive=sup(辅助)+port(支撑)→支持的;irrational=ir(否定)+rational(理性)→不理智的
前缀拆解
C
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
句中indispensable(不可或缺的)为正向语义,可判定作者持积极支持态度,直接排除所有否定前缀干扰项
语境分析
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向1 前缀语义反差辨析考向
考向破译
2. (2025新高考II卷 阅读词义辨析推理题)
Most local residents are ______ of the new green policy, as it effectively improves the living environment.
A. unaware B. favorable
C. opposed D. unrelated
unaware=un(否定)+aware(知晓)→不知情的;favorable=favor(支持)+able(形容词后缀)→赞同的;opposed=op(反向)+pose(放置)→反对的;unrelated=un(否定)+relate(关联)→无关的
前缀拆解
B
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
后文“improves the living environment(改善居住环境)”为正向结果,对应居民积极认可态度,排除否定、反向前缀词汇
语境分析
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向1 前缀语义反差辨析考向
考向破译
3. (2026全国甲卷 阅读推理判断题)
The researcher’s new conclusion is not ______, for it lacks sufficient experimental data and practical proof.
A. reliable B. unreliable
C. acceptable D. adaptable
reliable=rely(信赖)+able(可…的)→可靠的;unreliable=un(否定)+reliable(可靠的)→不可靠的;acceptable=ac(加强)+cept(接受)+able→可接受的;adaptable=ad(适配)+apt(合适)→适配的
前缀拆解
B
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
句中“lacks sufficient data(缺乏充足数据)”为负面语境,结论不具备可信度,锁定否定前缀派生词汇
语境分析
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向破译
提分技巧
1. 前缀正负定性法:熟记高考四大否定前缀un-/dis-/ir-/im-,所有带此类前缀的派生词均为负向/反向语义,pro-/ac-/sup-等前缀多为正向语义,无需通读全句可快速定性词汇情感色彩。
2. 语境逻辑匹配法:阅读态度、推理题必有明确褒贬语境线索(正向:benefit、improve、indispensable;负向:lack、fail、harm、defect),语义前缀必须与语境情感完全匹配。
3. 形近前缀区分法:精准区分易混反向前缀,dis-侧重“动作否定、反对”,un-侧重“属性否定、相反状态”,ir-/im-仅修饰特定词根形容词,杜绝前缀混用误判。
考向1 前缀语义反差辨析考向
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向破译
避坑指南
1. 规避绝对否定误区:部分前缀词汇无绝对反义,如unusual并非“不平常的(贬义)”,可表“独特的(褒义)”,不可仅凭前缀直接定性,必须结合语境微调语义。
2. 规避隐形前缀陷阱:部分单词隐藏否定前缀(如invalid、disorder),外形无明显反向特征,易被误判为正向词汇,需熟记高频隐形否定派生词。
3. 规避语义过度推导坑:前缀仅定基础语义方向,不可过度解读词义,如unhappy仅为“不开心”,不等于“愤怒、憎恨”,避免语义夸大导致选错。
考向1 前缀语义反差辨析考向
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向破译
解题步骤
步骤1:拆解四个选项单词前缀,标注每个词汇的【正向/负向/中性】情感属性;
步骤2:精读题干/空格前后语境,抓取褒贬线索词,判定题干所需语义方向;
步骤3:批量排除前缀语义与语境逻辑相悖的干扰选项,缩小答案范围;
步骤4:结合词根核心本义验证剩余选项,匹配句意与文章主旨,锁定最终答案。
考向1 前缀语义反差辨析考向
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向2 后缀词性改错考向
考向破译
1. (2026全国甲卷 短文改错真题)
原句错误:He spoke soft to comfort the upset child, whose careless caused the whole trouble.
修改后正确句子:He spoke softly to comfort the upset child, whose carelessness caused the whole trouble.
1. 副词后缀缺失:修饰动词spoke需用副词,形容词soft加后缀-ly→softly;2. 名词后缀缺失:whose后接名词作主语,形容词careless加名词后缀-ness → carelessness
词缀改错解析
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向2 后缀词性改错考向
考向破译
2. (2025新高考I卷 短文改错真题)
原句错误:Her kind and warmful made a deep impress on every teammate in the group.
修改后正确句子:Her kindness and warmth made a deep impression on every teammate in the group.
1. 词性后缀误用:形容词warmful错误,表“温暖”名词用warmth(后缀-th表属性);2. 名词后缀变形错误:impress为动词,名词形式加后缀-ion→impression
词缀改错解析
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向2 后缀词性改错考向
考向破译
3. (2024新高考II卷 短文改错真题)
原句错误:It is great significance to protect tradition culture and local customs.
修改后正确句子:It is significant to protect traditional culture and local customs.
1. 形容词后缀缺失:固定句型It is + adj.,名词significance变形容词加后缀-ant→significant;2. 形容词后缀缺失:修饰名词culture需用形容词,tradition加后缀-al→traditional
词缀改错解析
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向破译
提分技巧
1. 句子成分定后缀法:主语、宾语必用名词(后缀-tion/-ness/-ity/-th);修饰名词必用形容词(后缀-al/-ful/-ive);修饰动词/整句必用副词(后缀-ly),成分锁定后缀类型。
2. 固定后缀适配法:熟记高考改错高频后缀转换规则,形容词变名词优先-ness/-ity,动词变名词优先-tion/-ment,名词变形容词优先-al/-ive,精准适配考点。
3. 特殊变形速记法:重点掌握不规则后缀变形词汇,如true→truth、wide→width、deep→depth,规避常规拼接错误,直击短文改错高频考点。
考向2 后缀词性改错考向
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向破译
避坑指南
1. 规避ly后缀混用坑:形容词变副词并非全部加ly,如true→truly、full→fully需去e变形;部分ly结尾单词为形容词(friendly、lovely),不可误作副词使用。
2. 规避同义后缀乱换坑:同词性后缀不可随意替换,表“状态性质”用-ness,表“抽象行为”用-tion,表“品质属性”用-ity,高考阅卷严格区分、错用即扣分。
3. 规避词性思维固化坑:部分单词多后缀多词性,如nature→natural→naturally,不可仅凭单词原形判定变形规则,必须结合句子成分灵活转换。
考向2 后缀词性改错考向
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向破译
解题步骤
步骤1:逐句分析句子主干,定位划线/错误处单词所作句子成分;
步骤2:根据成分判定所需词性,匹配对应高考高频转换后缀;
步骤3:修正单词拼写,完成去e、双写、词根变形等规范操作;
步骤4:通读整句,校验词性、语义、语法三重合规,确认无后缀误用、拼写错误。
考向2 后缀词性改错考向
考点二 词缀变形拓展词汇暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 情感态度类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
01 admire v.钦佩→admiration n.敬佩;admirable adj.令人敬佩;admiring adj.赞赏的
固定搭配:admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人;win public admiration 赢得大众敬佩
易错点:admirable修饰事物(令人敬佩的),admiring修饰人/神态(满怀赞赏的),二者修饰对象不可混用
例句:We deeply admire her for her persistent efforts, and her admirable deeds gain widespread admiration.(我们深深钦佩她的不懈努力,她令人敬佩的事迹收获了广泛赞誉。)
同义词:admire=respect;admiration=praise
02 amaze v.震惊→amazement n.惊讶;amazing adj.惊人;amazed adj.吃惊
固定搭配:amaze sb. greatly 使某人极为震惊;in amazement 惊讶地
易错点:amazing形容事物令人震惊,amazed形容人内心感到吃惊,是高考词性辨析高频考点
例句:The amazing result amazed all the students, who stared at the scene in amazement.(这个惊人的结果让所有学生震惊,大家惊讶地注视着这一幕。)
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 情感态度类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
同义词:amaze=astonish;amazement=surprise
03 annoy v.恼怒→annoyance n.烦躁;annoying adj.恼人;annoyed adj.恼火
固定搭配:annoy sb. 打扰/惹怒某人;be annoyed at/by sth. 因某事恼火
易错点:annoyed修饰人的情绪,annoying修饰让人烦躁的人或事物,介词搭配at/by不可混用
例句:The annoying noise annoyed me deeply, filling me with great annoyance all day.(恼人的噪音让我极为恼火,一整天都满心烦躁。)
同义词:annoy=irritate;annoyance=bother
04 astonish v.诧异→astonishment n.诧异;astonishing adj.惊人;astonished adj.震惊
固定搭配:astonish the public 震惊大众;be astonished at 对…感到诧异
易错点:astonish为及物动词,直接接宾语,无需加介词;astonishing侧重事迹、场面惊人
例句:His astonishing performance astonished all judges, leaving them in great astonishment.(他惊人的表现让所有评委诧异,众人倍感震惊。)
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 情感态度类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
同义词:astonish=shock;astonishment=amazement
05 ashamed adj.羞愧→shame n.羞耻;shameful adj.可耻;shameless adj.无耻
固定搭配:be ashamed of 为…感到羞愧;bring shame on sb. 给某人蒙羞
易错点:shameful形容行为可耻,shameless形容人无耻,ashamed仅形容人的主观羞愧情绪
例句:He felt ashamed of his shameful mistake and condemned his own shameless behavior.(他为自己可耻的失误感到羞愧,谴责自己的无耻行径。)
同义词:ashamed=guilty;shame=disgrace
06 bore v.无聊→boredom n.乏味;boring adj.枯燥;bored adj.感到无聊
固定搭配:bore sb. to death 让某人极度无聊;relieve boredom 排解乏味
易错点:bored形容人感到枯燥,boring形容事物、过程枯燥,短文改错高频易错点
例句:I felt bored during the boring lecture, and endless boredom made me lose focus.(枯燥的讲座让我倍感无聊,无尽的乏味让我无法集中注意力。)
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 情感态度类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
同义词:bore=tedium;boring=dull
07 calm adj.平静→calmness n.冷静;calmly adv.平静地;uncalm adj.慌乱
固定搭配:stay calm 保持平静;calm down 冷静下来;with great calmness 极为冷静
易错点:calm侧重情绪、局势平稳,uncalm为反向形容词,多用于书面语境,无比较级
例句:She remained calm and handled the emergency calmly, showing extraordinary calmness.(她保持镇定、从容处理突发状况,展现出非凡的冷静。)
同义词:calm=peaceful;calmness=composure
08 cheer v.鼓舞→cheerful adj.欢快;cheerlessness n.消沉;cheerfully adv.开心地
固定搭配:cheer sb. up 鼓舞某人、使某人振作;a cheerful mood 欢快的心情
易错点:cheerlessness为抽象不可数名词,侧重长期情绪消沉,区别于临时的sadness
例句:Her cheerful smile cheered me up, helping me get rid of inner cheerlessness.(她欢快的笑容鼓舞了我,帮我摆脱了内心的消沉。)
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 情感态度类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
同义词:cheer=encourage;cheerful=joyful
09 comfort v.安慰→comfortable adj.舒适;discomfort n.不适;comforting adj.暖心
固定搭配:comfort sb. for sth. 安慰某人;comfortable environment 舒适的环境
易错点:discomfort多指身体、心理轻微不适,区别于serious pain;comforting仅形容事物暖心
例句:The comforting words comforted me greatly and relieved my physical discomfort.(暖心的话语极大地安慰了我,缓解了我身体的不适。)
同义词:comfort=soothe;comfortable=cozy
10 confuse v.困惑→confusion n.迷茫;confused adj.困惑;confusing adj.令人费解
固定搭配:confuse A with B 混淆A和B;in total confusion 彻底迷茫
易错点:confused形容人困惑的状态,confusing形容问题、事物令人费解,词性语义易混淆
例句:The confusing question confused most students, leading to widespread confusion in class.(这道令人费解的题目难住了多数学生,课堂上一片迷茫。)
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 情感态度类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
同义词:confuse=puzzle;confusion=bewilderment
11 convince v.信服→convincing adj.有说服力;unconvincing adj.无力;convincement n.确信
固定搭配:convince sb. of sth. 使某人信服某事;convince sb. to do 说服某人做某事
易错点:convince后接of从句,不可直接接that从句;unconvincing侧重论据、理由缺乏说服力
例句:His convincing speech convinced me of his sincerity, and I had full convincement in him.(他极具说服力的演讲让我信服了他的诚意,我对他完全信赖。)
同义词:convince=persuade;convincing=credible
12 depress v.消沉→depression n.抑郁;depressed adj.低落;depressing adj.压抑
固定搭配:depress one’s mood 使人情绪低落;suffer from depression 饱受抑郁困扰
易错点:depressed形容人情绪低落, depressing形容氛围、境遇令人压抑,高考写作高频区分点
例句:The depressing atmosphere made everyone depressed and even fell into mild depression.(压抑的氛围让所有人情绪低落,甚至陷入了轻微的抑郁。)
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 情感态度类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
同义词:depress=discourage;depression=sadness
13 delight v.欣喜→delightful adj.愉悦;delighted adj.欣喜;delightedly adv.开心
固定搭配:take delight in 乐于…;to one’s delight 令某人欣喜的是
易错点:delighted修饰人的心情,delightful修饰风景、经历、事物令人愉悦
例句:We were delighted at the delightful scenery and smiled delightedly all the way.(我们为这宜人的风景心生欣喜,一路开心欢笑。)
同义词:delight=joy;delightful=pleasant
14 disappoint v.失望→disappointment n.失落;disappointed adj.失望;disappointing adj.扫兴
固定搭配:disappoint sb. 让某人失望;to one’s disappointment 令某人失落的是
易错点:disappointed形容人感到失望,disappointing形容结果、行为令人扫兴
例句:The disappointing result made all fans disappointed, which brought us great disappointment.(令人扫兴的结果让所有粉丝倍感失望,我们满心失落。)
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 情感态度类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
同义词:disappoint=let down;disappointment=frustration
15 doubt v.怀疑→doubtful adj.疑虑;undoubted adj.无疑;doubtlessly adv.毫无疑问
固定搭配:doubt the truth 质疑真相;be doubtful about 对…心存疑虑
易错点:doubtful表不确定、心存疑惑,undoubted为绝对肯定,语义完全相反,辨析必考
例句:I was doubtful about the plan at first, but it is undoubted that it works doubtlessly.(起初我对这个计划心存疑虑,但毫无疑问它绝对可行。)
同义词:doubt=question;undoubted=certain
16 embarrass v.尴尬→embarrassment n.窘迫;embarrassed adj.难堪;embarrassing adj.尴尬
固定搭配:embarrass sb. in public 当众让某人难堪;hide one’s embarrassment 掩饰窘迫
易错点:embarrassed形容人感到难堪,embarrassing形容场面、言行令人尴尬
例句:The embarrassing mistake made me embarrassed, and I tried my best to hide my embarrassment.(这场尴尬的失误让我倍感难堪,我尽力掩饰自己的窘迫。)
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 情感态度类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
同义词:embarrass=fluster;embarrassment=awkwardness
17 encourage v.鼓励→encouragement n.激励; encouraging adj.鼓舞人心; discouraged adj.气馁
固定搭配:encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事;offer encouragement 给予激励
易错点:encouraging形容消息、态势鼓舞人心,discouraged形容人受挫后气馁
例句:His encouraging words encouraged me greatly, so I no longer felt discouraged.(他鼓舞人心的话语极大地激励了我,我不再气馁。)
同义词:encourage=inspire;encouragement=motivation
18 envy v.羡慕→envious adj.羡慕;envy n.嫉妒;unenvious adj.豁达
固定搭配:envy sb. sth. 羡慕某人某物;be envious of 羡慕、嫉妒
易错点:envious可表中性羡慕或贬义嫉妒,unenvious为书面高级词,表心胸豁达、不攀比
例句:We should be envious of others’ progress modestly instead of being full of envy.(我们可以适度羡慕他人的进步,而非满心嫉妒。)
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点1 情感态度类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
同义词:envy=admire;envious=jealous
19 excite v.激动→excitement n.兴奋;excited adj.激动;exciting adj.令人激动
固定搭配:excite one’s interest 激发兴趣;full of excitement 满心兴奋
易错点:excited形容人情绪激动,exciting形容事件、场面令人热血沸腾
例句:The exciting sports meeting excited all students, and everyone felt extremely excited.(激动人心的运动会让所有同学热血沸腾,人人满心亢奋。)
同义词:excite=thrill;excitement=enthusiasm
20 fear v.害怕→fearful adj.恐惧;fearlessness n.无畏;fearlessly adv.无惧
固定搭配:fear failure 畏惧失败;be fearful of danger 惧怕危险
易错点:fearful可形容人恐惧或事态堪忧,fearlessness为褒义,表勇敢无畏
例句:True courage means being fearful of risks but facing them fearlessly with fearlessness.(真正的勇气是心存风险敬畏,却依旧无畏前行。) 同义词:fear=dread;fearful=afraid
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 社会科技类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
01 innovate v.创新→innovation n.革新;innovative adj.创新;innovator n.创新者
固定搭配:innovate in technology 技术创新;technological innovation 科技创新;innovative ideas 创新理念
易错点:innovate为不及物动词,后常接in/on;innovation侧重制度、技术层面的革新,区别于普通创造
例句:Enterprises that constantly innovate in technology will lead the market with innovative products and core innovation competitiveness. 同义词:innovate=reform;innovation=renovation
02 invent v.发明→invention n.创造;inventive adj.善于创造;inventor n.发明者
固定搭配:invent new devices 发明新设备;a creative inventor 富有创造力的发明者;patent an invention 为发明申请专利
易错点:invent侧重创造原本不存在的新事物,区别于discover发现已有事物;inventive形容人极具创造力
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 社会科技类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
例句:The great inventor devoted his life to inventing practical tools and his inventions benefited society greatly.
同义词:invent=create;invention=creation
03 create v.创造→creation n.创作;creative adj.有创造力;creativity n.创造力
固定搭配:create value创造价值;creative thinking创造性思维;stimulate creativity激发创造力
易错点:creation可指艺术、实物创作成果; creative修饰人或思维,creativity为抽象不可数名词
例句:Art aims to create beauty in life and cultivate people’s creative ability and unique creativity.
同义词:create=produce;creative=original
04 transform v.变革→transformation n.转型;transformative adj.变革性;transformable adj.可改造
固定搭配:transform traditional industries 改造传统产业;digital transformation 数字化转型;transformable system 可优化体系
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 社会科技类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
易错点:transform侧重彻底、根本性变革,而非细微改变;transformation为抽象名词,无复数
例句:Technological progress can transform traditional modes and bring transformative social transformation.
同义词:transform=reshape;transformation=reform
05 automate v.自动化→automation n.自动;automatic adj.自动;automatically adv.自动地
固定搭配:automate production lines 生产线自动化;intelligent automation 智能自动化;automatic control 自动控制
易错点:automatic侧重设备、流程自动运行;automatically为副词,修饰动作,不可修饰名词
例句:Modern factories automate most processes and the equipment operates automatically via automatic systems.
同义词:automatic=self-operating;automation=automatic operation
06 digital adj.数字→digitize v.数字化;digitalization n.数字化;digitally adv.数字化地
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 社会科技类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
固定搭配:digital economy 数字经济;digitize data resources 数据资源数字化;promote digitalization 推进数字化转型
易错点:digitize为动词表使数字化, digitalization为行业、领域整体数字化进程, 词义范围更广
例句:We digitize daily office work and realize digitally efficient operation through comprehensive digitalization.
同义词:digital=online;digitize=modernize digitally
07 artificial adj.人工→artificial intelligence人工智能; artificially adv.人工地;artificiality n.人造
固定搭配:artificial scenery 人造景观;artificially cultivated plants 人工培育植物;the artificiality of design 设计的人造质感
易错点:artificial侧重人工仿制、非天然的,多含中性偏贬义,区别于natural天然的
例句:Artificial intelligence technology can artificially optimize production and reduce the artificiality of manual work.
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 社会科技类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
同义词:artificial=man-made;artificially=synthetically
08 virtual adj.虚拟→virtually adv.几乎;virtual reality虚拟现实;virtuality n.虚拟
固定搭配:virtual classroom 虚拟课堂;virtual reality experience 虚拟现实体验;the virtuality of online space 网络空间的虚拟性
易错点:virtually为高频熟词僻义,表“几乎、实际上”,并非“虚拟地”,是阅读易错点
例句:Virtually all young people accept virtual life and recognize the virtuality of digital interaction.
同义词:virtual=simulated;virtually=almost
09 advance v.进步→advancement n.发展;advanced adj.先进;advancing adj.不断发展
固定搭配:advance in science 科学进步;technological advancement 科技发展;advanced technology 先进技术
易错点:advanced表“先进的、成熟的”,advancing表“正在发展中的”,时态语义差异极大
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 社会科技类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
例句:Advancing science promotes social advancement and enables us to master advanced core technologies.
同义词:advance=progress;advanced=mature
10 develop v.发展→development n.开发;developing adj.发展中;developed adj.发达
固定搭配:develop potential 挖掘潜力;economic development 经济发展;developing countries 发展中国家
易错点:developed表“已发达的”,developing表“发展中的”,是完形、阅读高频辨析考点
例句:Developed countries focus on high-quality development while developing nations strive for rapid growth.
同义词:develop=evolve;development=growth
11 evolve v.进化→evolution n.演化;evolutionary adj.进化的;evolved adj.成熟进化
固定搭配:evolve with the times 与时俱进;biological evolution 生物演化
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 社会科技类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
易错点:evolve为不及物动词,常接from/out of;evolved表“已进化成熟的”,区别于evolving正在进化的
例句:Species gradually evolve in line with evolutionary rules and form evolved survival mechanisms.
同义词:evolve=develop;evolution=progress
12 explore v.探索→exploration n.勘探;exploratory adj.探索性;explorer n.探险家
固定搭配:explore unknown fields 探索未知领域;scientific exploration 科学探索;exploratory research 探索性研究
易错点:explore侧重主动探索未知、挖掘信息;exploratory多用于科研、实验场景
例句:Many explorers devote themselves to space exploration and carry out exploratory aerospace experiments.
同义词:explore=investigate;exploration=discovery
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 社会科技类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
13 discover v.发现→discovery n.新发现;discoverable adj.可发现;discoverer n.发现者
固定搭配:discover new laws 发现新规律;major scientific discovery 重大科学发现;easily discoverable 易于发现的
易错点:discover发现原本存在的事物,区别于invent发明新事物;discovery可数,复数为discoveries
例句:The discoverer of the new star made a great discovery that is discoverable with professional equipment. 同义词:discover=find;discovery=finding
14 analyze v.分析→analysis n.分析;analytical adj.善于分析;analytically adv.分析性地
固定搭配:analyze data thoroughly 深入分析数据;data analysis 数据分析;analytical thinking 分析性思维
易错点:analysis复数为analyses,不规则变形高频易错;analytical修饰思维、方法,侧重理性严谨
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 社会科技类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
例句:We analytically sort out information and use analytical thinking to complete accurate data analysis.
同义词:analyze=examine;analysis=evaluation
15 calculate v.计算→calculation n.运算;calculator n.计算器;calculative adj.精于计算
固定搭配:calculate precise data 核算精准数据;accurate calculation 精准运算;calculative analysis 量化分析
易错点:calculative多形容人精于算计,含贬义;calculation为可数名词,可指单次运算结果
例句:We use a calculator for daily calculation and make calculative judgments on project costs.
同义词:calculate=compute;calculation=arithmetic
16 operate v.操作→operation n.运作;operator n.操作员;operational adj.可运行
固定搭配:operate intelligent equipment 操作智能设备;normal operation 正常运作;operational system 可运行系统
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 社会科技类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
易错点:operate表“运营、操作”为及物动词,表“运转”为不及物;operational侧重设备体系可用状态
例句:Professional operators ensure the stable operation of equipment and keep the system fully operational.
同义词:operate=run;operation=function
17 cooperate v.合作→cooperation n.协作;cooperative adj.合作的;co-worker n.同事
固定搭配:cooperate with partners 与伙伴协作;win-win cooperation 共赢合作;cooperative attitude 合作态度
易错点:cooperate不及物动词,固定搭配with;co-worker侧重职场同事,区别于普通partner
例句:We cooperate closely with co-workers and maintain a cooperative attitude to promote effective cooperation.
同义词:cooperate=collaborate;cooperation=teamwork
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 社会科技类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
18 collaborate v.协作→collaboration n.合作;collaborative adj.协同;collaborator n.合作者
固定搭配:collaborate on projects 项目协同合作;collaborative innovation 协同创新;long-term collaborator 长期合作者
易错点:collaborate侧重科研、项目、创作深度协作,比cooperate合作程度更深、更正式
例句:Professional collaborators collaborate on technological research and achieve collaborative innovation via close collaboration.
同义词:collaborate=cooperate;collaboration=joint effort
19 communicate v.交流→communication n.沟通;communicative adj.善于交际;communicator n.沟通者
固定搭配:communicate effectively 高效沟通;information communication 信息互通;a good communicator 善于沟通的人
易错点:communicate为及物动词,直接接信息;communicative形容人性格外向、擅长交际
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 社会科技类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
例句:Excellent communicators are communicative and communicate ideas clearly to improve daily communication.
同义词:communicate=convey;communication=interaction
20 connect v.连接→connection n.关联;connective adj.连接的;interconnect v.互联
固定搭配:connect devices 连接设备;close connection 紧密关联;interconnect multiple systems 多系统互联
易错点:connect A with B 固定搭配;interconnect侧重事物相互连通、双向关联
例句:Advanced technology can connect all terminals and make different platforms interconnect with close connection.
同义词:connect=link;connection=relation
21 interact v.互动→interaction n.相互作用;interactive adj.交互;interactively adv.互动式
固定搭配:interact with users 与用户互动;interactive interface 交互界面
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 社会科技类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
易错点:interact固定搭配with;interactive侧重双向互动反馈,区别于单向传递
例句:Users can interact interactively with the system and realize real-time interaction in intelligent scenarios.
同义词:interact=communicate;interaction=exchange
22 integrate v.整合→integration n.融合;integrated adj.一体化;integral adj.不可或缺
固定搭配:integrate resources 整合资源;industrial integration 产业融合;integrated system 一体化体系
易错点:integral表“不可或缺的”,易与integrate拼写混淆;integrated侧重整体整合后的状态
例句:We integrate scattered resources to realize industrial integration and form an integral integrated development model.
同义词:integrate=combine;integration=unification
23 separate v.分割→separation n.分化;separate adj.独立;separable adj.可拆分
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点2 社会科技类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
固定搭配:separate useful data from waste 筛选分离数据;functional separation 功能分化;separable components 可拆分组件
易错点:separate动词读/ˈsepəreɪt/,形容词读/ˈseprət/,读音词性双易错;separable侧重物理可拆分
例句:We separate mixed components and realize functional separation of separable structural parts.
同义词:separate=divide;separation=division
24 generate v.产生→generation n.一代;generator n.发生器;generative adj.生成性
固定搭配:generate energy 产生能量;new generation technology 新一代技术;generative algorithm 生成性算法
易错点:generate侧重产生能量、数据、效益等抽象事物,不用于实体物品生产
例句:The new generator can stably generate clean energy and apply generative technology for the new generation. 同义词:generate=produce;generation=creation
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 文化环保类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
01 conserve v.保护→conservation n.生态保护;conservative adj.保守;conservator n.保护者
固定搭配:wildlife conservation 野生动物保护;energy conservation 能源节约;conserve natural resources 保护自然资源
易错点:conservative多形容思想、作风保守,无贬义;conservation为生态、资源保护专用名词,不可用于人身保护
例句:We should conserve limited natural resources and attach great importance to ecological conservation. 同义词:conserve=protect;conservation=preservation
02 preserve v.保存→preservation n.留存;preservative n.防腐剂;well-preserved保存完好
固定搭配:preserve cultural heritage 保护文化遗产;food preservative 食品防腐剂;well-preserved ancient buildings 保存完好的古建筑
易错点:preserve侧重留存珍贵事物、古迹、食物,区别于conserve的资源节约保护;preservative为可数名词
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 文化环保类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
例句:The ancient temple is well-preserved thanks to effective preservation measures and scientific maintenance.
同义词:preserve=keep;preservation=retention
03 protect v.防护→protection n.防护;protective adj.防护;unprotected adj.无防护
固定搭配:protect sb./sth. from harm 保护某人/某物免受伤害;protective measures 防护措施;under the protection of law 在法律庇护下
易错点:固定搭配protect...from/against...不可混用介词;unprotected侧重无防护措施、易受伤害的状态
例句:Protective equipment can protect workers and prevent them from working in unprotected conditions.
同义词:protect=safeguard;protection=defense
04 recycle v.回收→recyclable adj.可循环;recycling n.回收利用;unrecyclable不可回收
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 文化环保类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
固定搭配:recycle waste materials 回收废料;recyclable garbage 可回收垃圾;waste recycling 废物回收利用
易错点:recycle为及物动词,直接接回收物品;unrecyclable特指无回收价值的废弃物,为环保专用词
例句:We classify daily garbage to recycle recyclable waste and dispose of unrecyclable trash properly.
同义词:recycle=reuse;recycling=reutilization
05 renew v.再生→renewable adj.可再生;renewal n.更新;non-renewable不可再生
固定搭配:renewable energy 可再生能源;non-renewable resources 不可再生资源;urban renewal 城市更新改造
易错点:renewable多用于能源、资源领域;non-renewable为高考阅读高频考点,特指化石能源等消耗后无法再生的资源
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 文化环保类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
例句: Solar and wind energy are typical renewable energies, different from non-renewable coal and oil.
同义词:renew=refresh;renewable=regenerative
06 pollute v.污染→pollution n.污染物;polluted adj.受污染;anti-pollution防污染
固定搭配:pollute water and air 污染水土空气;air pollution 空气污染;anti-pollution policies 防污染政策
易错点:pollution为不可数名词, 表污染现象; polluted作形容词仅修饰被污染的事物, 不修饰人
例句:Industrial waste pollutes the river, leading to severe water pollution in polluted areas.
同义词:pollute=contaminate;pollution=contamination
07 contaminate v.污染→contamination n.有害物质; contaminated adj.被污染; decontaminate净化
固定搭配:contaminate food sources 污染食物源头;radiation contamination 辐射污染;decontaminate polluted soil 净化污染土壤
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 文化环保类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
易错点:contaminate侧重有害物质、病菌、辐射造成的污染,比pollute更正式;decontaminate为专业净化动词
例句:Toxic waste will contaminate groundwater, and professional methods are needed to decontaminate the contamination.
同义词:contaminate=poison;contamination=pollution
08 sustain v.可持续→sustainable adj.可持续;sustainability n.可持续发展;unsustainable不可持续
固定搭配:sustainable development 可持续发展;ecological sustainability 生态可持续性易错点:sustainability为环保主题核心抽象名词,无复数;unsustainable侧重发展模式、消费方式难以长期维持
例句:We stick to sustainable development and abandon unsustainable living habits to ensure ecological sustainability.
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 文化环保类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
同义词:sustain=maintain;sustainable=endurable
09 ecology n.生态→ecological adj.生态;ecologist n.生态学家;ecosystem生态系统
固定搭配:ecological balance 生态平衡;fragile ecosystem 脆弱的生态系统;professional ecologist 生态学家
易错点:ecological为形容词,修饰生态相关事物;ecosystem为可数名词,复数形式为ecosystems
例句:Ecological protection helps stabilize the ecosystem and is the research focus of many ecologists.
同义词:ecology=ecological environment;ecosystem=ecological system
10 nature n.自然→natural adj.天然;naturally adv.自然地;unnatural adj.人造反常
固定搭配:return to nature 回归自然;natural scenery 自然风光;behave unnaturally 举止反常
易错点:natural侧重天然原生、非人工的;unnatural不仅指人造,还可形容行为、现象反常不自然
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 文化环保类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
例句:Natural resources are formed naturally, and artificial intervention will lead to unnatural ecological changes.
同义词:nature=wilderness;natural=original
11 resource n.资源→resourceful adj.资源丰富;natural resources自然资源;resource shortage资源短缺
固定搭配:abundant resources 丰富资源;resourceful region 资源丰富的地区;solve resource shortage 解决资源短缺
易错点:resource表示各类资源时多用复数resources;resourceful除表资源丰富,还可形容人足智多谋
例句:Resourceful regions have rich natural resources and rarely face resource shortage problems.
同义词:resource=material;resourceful=abundant
12 waste n.废弃物→wasteful adj.浪费;waste-free无废弃;reuse v.再利用
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 文化环保类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
固定搭配:industrial waste 工业废弃物;wasteful behavior 浪费行为;waste-free society 无废弃社会
易错点:waste可作名词、动词;wasteful修饰行为、方式,不修饰人;reuse侧重废旧物品二次利用
例句:We should reuse daily waste materials and avoid wasteful habits to build a waste-free environment.
同义词:waste=garbage;wasteful=extravagant
13 emit v.排放→emission n.废气排放;carbon emission碳排放;low-emission低排放
固定搭配:emit waste gas 排放废气;reduce carbon emission 减少碳排放;low-emission vehicles 低排放车辆
易错点:emit为及物动词,多用于气体、光线、热量排放;emission表排放量、排放行为,环保写作高频词
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 文化环保类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
例句:Traditional cars emit more exhaust gas, while new energy vehicles belong to low-emission tools with less carbon emission.
同义词:emit=discharge;emission=release
14 absorb v.吸收→absorption n.吸附;absorbent adj.可吸收;carbon absorb碳吸收
固定搭配:absorb carbon dioxide 吸收二氧化碳;moisture absorption 水分吸附;absorbent material 可吸附材料
易错点:absorb侧重物理、化学吸收;absorbent仅修饰具备吸附能力的物品,不修饰人;固定搭配absorb sth. directly
例句:Green plants can absorb carbon dioxide, and their leaves are natural absorbent materials for carbon absorption.
同义词:absorb=take in;absorption=adsorption
15 purify v.净化→purification n.净化;pure adj.纯净;impure adj.受杂质污染
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 文化环保类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
固定搭配:purify polluted water 净化污水;air purification 空气净化;pure water 纯净水
易错点:pure侧重质地、成分纯净无杂质; impure为绝对反义词,特指掺杂杂质、不纯净的物质
例句:The purification system can purify impure water and turn it into pure drinking water.
同义词:purify=clean;pure=clean
16 degrade v.降解→biodegradable可生物降解;degradation n.分解;non-degradable难降解
固定搭配:biodegradable plastic 可降解塑料;natural degradation 自然分解;non-degradable garbage 难降解垃圾
易错点:biodegradable特指可被微生物分解的环保材料;non-degradable废弃物是白色污染主要来源
例句:Biodegradable products can achieve natural degradation, while non-degradable waste will pollute the environment for years.
同义词:degrade=decompose;degradation=disintegration
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 文化环保类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
17 conserve energy节能→energy conservation能源节约;energy-saving节能;energy waste能源浪费
固定搭配:advocate energy-saving lifestyle 倡导节能生活;promote energy conservation 推进能源节约;reduce energy waste 减少能源浪费
易错点:energy-saving为复合形容词,仅作前置定语;energy conservation为书面正式表达,适配写作场景
例句:We keep energy-saving habits, stick to energy conservation and avoid unnecessary energy waste.
同义词:conserve energy=save energy;energy-saving=economical
18 wildlife n.野生动物→wildlife protection野生动物保护;wild adj.野生;wilderness荒野
固定搭配:protect wildlife 保护野生动物;wild animals 野生动物;remote wilderness 偏远荒野
易错点:wildlife为不可数集合名词,无复数;wilderness特指无人居住的荒野、原生态区域
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 文化环保类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
例句:Wildlife protection can protect wild animals from extinction and maintain the balance of wilderness ecosystems.
同义词:wildlife=wild animals;wilderness=wild area
19 species n.物种→endangered species濒危物种;specimen样本;speciation物种演化
固定搭配:rare species 珍稀物种;protect endangered species 保护濒危物种;biological specimen 生物样本
易错点:species单复数同形,切勿变形错误;specimen指科研样本、标本,和物种词义区分明显
例句:Many endangered species are on the verge of extinction, and scientists collect specimens to study speciation rules.
同义词:species=creature;specimen=sample
20 balance n.平衡→balanced adj.均衡;unbalanced失衡;ecological balance生态平衡
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 文化环保类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
固定搭配:keep ecological balance 保持生态平衡;balanced diet 均衡膳食;unbalanced development 失衡发展
易错点:balanced侧重状态均衡、协调;unbalanced可形容生态、发展、心态等多方面失衡
例句:Balanced ecological development avoids unbalanced resource distribution and maintains long-term ecological balance.
同义词:balance=equilibrium;balanced=harmonious
21 tradition n.传统→traditional adj.传统;traditionally adv.传统上;traditional culture传统文化
固定搭配:inherit fine traditions 传承优良传统;traditional customs 传统习俗;traditionally speaking 传统而言
易错点:tradition表具体传统习俗时可数,表抽象传统时不可数;traditional为写作高频高级形容词
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 文化环保类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
例句:Traditional culture has been passed down for thousands of years and is traditionally respected by people.
同义词:tradition=custom;traditional=conventional
22 inherit v.传承→inheritance n.文化遗产;inheritor传承人;cultural inheritance文化传承
固定搭配:inherit traditional virtues 传承传统美德;cultural inheritance 文化传承;excellent inheritor 优秀传承人
易错点:inherit为及物动词,直接接传承对象;inheritance为抽象名词,侧重文化、精神遗产,非实物
例句:Young inheritors inherit ancient arts and promote the continuous cultural inheritance of the nation.
同义词:inherit=pass down;inheritance=heritage
23 heritage n.遗产→cultural heritage文化遗产;world heritage世界遗产;heritage site遗产地
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
知识点3 文化环保类派生词
知识解构
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
固定搭配:protect cultural heritage 保护文化遗产;world heritage site 世界遗产地;intangible heritage 非物质文化遗产
易错点:heritage侧重历史遗留的珍贵文化、物质遗产,为正式书面词;区别于普通inheritance
例句:All world heritage sites are precious cultural heritage that needs lifelong protection.
同义词:heritage=legacy;cultural heritage=civilization treasure
24 custom n.习俗→customary adj.民俗;customs风俗;local customs地方民俗
固定搭配:local customs and traditions 风土民俗;customary etiquette 民俗礼仪;follow social customs 遵从社会习俗
易错点:custom单数指单一习俗,复数customs泛指各类风俗;customary为形容词,修饰民俗相关事物
例句:It is customary to respect local customs when traveling and communicating in different regions.
同义词:custom=tradition;customary=conventional
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
考向1 派生词同义替换写作考向
1. (2025新高考I卷 读后续写真题)
原文基础低分表达:I felt very sorry and decided to change my attitude to get along well with my brother.
词根派生词高分改写:I was overwhelmed with sincere regret and resolved to adjust my mindset to establish a harmonious bond with my brother.
考向破译
regret(替换sorry,情感高阶名词)、resolve(替换decide,坚定动词派生词)、harmonious(替换well,和谐形容词派生词)、bond(替换get along,情感关系高级名词)
词根拆解替换
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
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考点精讲・靶向突破
考向1 派生词同义替换写作考向
2. (2024新高考II卷 应用文写作真题)
原文基础低分表达:I am very glad to invite you to take part in our school traditional culture activity.
词根派生词高分改写:I am delighted to extend a sincere invitation to you to participate in our school’s traditional cultural activity.
考向破译
delighted(替换glad,情感派生形容词)、invitation(替换invite,名词派生词适配书面语体)、participate(替换take part in,正式动作派生词)、cultural(替换culture,词性适配定语修饰)
词根拆解替换
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
考向1 派生词同义替换写作考向
3. (2024全国甲卷 读后续写真题)
原文基础低分表达:The experience made me know the importance of persistence and courage.
词根派生词高分改写:The precious experience enabled me to recognize the significance of perseverance and bravery.
考向破译
precious(替换important,品质派生形容词)、significance(替换importance,抽象高阶名词)、perseverance(替换persistence,意志类顶级派生词)、bravery(替换courage,语义精准派生名词)
词根拆解替换
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
考向破译
提分技巧
1. 情感派生词升级法:写作心理、情绪、态度描写,统一用词根派生形容词/名词替换基础词汇,如delight/happiness、regret/sorrow、persistent/hard,快速提升书面语质感,适配高考阅卷高分标准。
2. 词性派生适配法:基础动词优先替换同根派生名词、形容词,适配句子句式结构,避免句式单一,如invite(v.)→invitation(n.)、persist(v.)→perseverance(n.),贴合书面写作语法规范。
3. 主题词精准替换法:针对文化、亲情、成长、环保等高频写作主题,固定使用对应主题派生词,如harmonious(和谐的)、sustainable(可持续的)、traditional(传统的),精准贴合写作话题语境。
考向1 派生词同义替换写作考向
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
考向破译
避坑指南
1. 规避词义偏差坑:同根派生词不可随意替换,需区分语义细微差异,如persistence侧重“坚持行为”,perseverance侧重“逆境中坚守”,需贴合语境精准选用,避免语义不符失分。
2. 规避语体混用坑:口语化基础词与书面派生词不可混搭,写作全程统一使用词根派生高级词汇,杜绝“高级词+基础词”混搭造成的语体混乱。
3. 规避词性误用坑:熟记派生词词性,不可将名词派生词误用为形容词、动词,如significance(n.重要性)不可直接修饰名词,需用significant(adj.),规避词性错误。
考向1 派生词同义替换写作考向
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
考向破译
解题步骤
步骤1:通读写作句子,圈出所有基础低频词汇(基础形容词、动词、名词);
步骤2:结合写作主题,匹配对应情感/主题类词根派生词;
步骤3:校验派生词词性、词义,适配句子语法结构与语境逻辑;
步骤4:替换改写后通读整句,优化句式流畅度,保证高级词汇与句式完美适配。
考向1 派生词同义替换写作考向
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
1. (2024新高考II卷 阅读C篇 环保主题)
真题陌生词:sustainability
原文语境:The key to environmental protection lies in the sustainability of natural resources rather than temporary economic gains.
语境词义:自然资源的可持续利用(无需词典,纯词根拆解精准推导)
考向破译
sustain(词根tain 持有、维持)+ ability(名词后缀,表状态/能力)→持续维持的状态→可持续性
词根拆解暴力速记
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
考向2 词根词缀词义猜测考向
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
2. (2025新高考I卷 阅读D篇 科技主题)
真题陌生词:innovative
原文语境:Many enterprises rely on innovative technology to achieve long-term development in the digital era.
语境词义:创新型的、具有革新能力的
考向破译
in(向内、深耕)+ nov(词根新)+ ative(形容词后缀)→深耕创新的→创新的、革新性的
词根拆解暴力速记
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
考向2 词根词缀词义猜测考向
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
3. (2026全国甲卷 阅读B篇 文化主题)
真题陌生词:preservation
原文语境:The preservation of traditional crafts is vital to the inheritance of national culture.
语境词义:(传统手艺的)保护、留存
考向破译
pre(提前、预先)+ serv(词根保留、守护)+ ation(名词后缀)→预先守护留存→保护、留存
词根拆解暴力速记
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
考向2 词根词缀词义猜测考向
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
考向破译
提分技巧
1. 词根定本义核心法:所有高考阅读超纲派生词汇,核心词义完全由词根决定,前缀仅改语义方向、后缀仅定词性,优先拆解词根锁定单词核心本义,快速突破生词壁垒。
2. 词缀分层推导法:遵循“词根本义+前缀定褒贬/方向+后缀定词性”分层推导逻辑,先判词性适配句子成分,再结合前缀微调语义,精准锁定语境词义。
3. 主题语境辅助法:科技、环保、文化、社会四大阅读高频主题,对应词根词缀语义固定,可结合主题常识快速验证推导结果,杜绝词义偏差。
考点三 熟词派生词暴力速记
考向2 词根词缀词义猜测考向
03
考点精讲・靶向突破
考向破译
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