同步语法讲解（一般现在时2）-2026-2027学年译林版英语七年级上册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了行为动词一般现在时的完整知识体系。从概念出发，明确其表示经常性动作、客观事实、现在状态及按计划发生动作的四种用法，进而掌握肯定句、否定句、疑问句的结构及第三人称单数动词变化规则，辅以五大注意事项构建学习支架。 知识链路按“概念-结构-注意事项-练习”逻辑递进，通过实例解析和对比表格（如三单变化规则表）帮助学生建立语法认知框架。练习题涵盖单选和动词填空，针对性强化三单、助动词用法等核心考点，助力提升语言应用能力和思维逻辑性，培养系统学习习惯。

一般现在时Ⅱ （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、概念 1 1. 经常性、习惯性的动作 1 2. 客观事实、普遍真理 1 3. 现在的状态、特征或能力（用行为动词表达） 1 4. 按规定、计划或时刻表将要发生的动作（常与将来时间状语连用） 1 二、结构 2 1. 肯定句结构 2 2. 否定句结构 2 3. 一般疑问句结构 2 4. 特殊疑问句结构 2 三、注意事项 2 注意一：第三人称单数动词变化规则（必考） 2 注意二：助动词后面永远用动词原形 3 注意三：频率副词的位置 3 注意四：主语是单数第三人称时，否定和疑问只把助动词变 does，动词还原 3 注意五：There be 句型与 have/has 的区别 3 四、中考练习题（30道） 3 （一）单项选择（20题） 3 （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（10题） 6 一、概念 行为动词（实义动词）的一般现在时是英语中最常用的时态之一，主要表示： 1. 经常性、习惯性的动作 I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。 She often reads books in the library. 她经常在图书馆看书。 2. 客观事实、普遍真理 The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 Water boils at 100℃. 水在100℃沸腾。 3. 现在的状态、特征或能力（用行为动词表达） He speaks English well. 他英语说得很好。 They live in Beijing. 他们住在北京。 4. 按规定、计划或时刻表将要发生的动作（常与将来时间状语连用） The train leaves at 8:00. 火车8点发车。 Our summer holiday starts next week. 我们的暑假下周开始。 二、结构 行为动词的一般现在时有三种句式，核心变化是第三人称单数（he/she/it/单数名词等）作主语时，动词要加 -s/-es。 1. 肯定句结构 主语 + 行为动词原形/三单形式 + 其他 主语类型 动词形式 例句 I / You / We / They / 复数名词 动词原形 I like apples. / They play football. He / She / It / 单数名词 / 不定代词 动词加 -s/-es She likes apples. / He plays football. 2. 否定句结构 主语 + don't/doesn't + 动词原形 + 其他 I don't like apples. She doesn't like apples. 注意：主语是第三人称单数时，用 doesn't，动词必须恢复原形。 3. 一般疑问句结构 Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ —Do you like apples? —Yes, I do. / No, I don't. —Does she like apples? —Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 4. 特殊疑问句结构 特殊疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ —What do you do on Sundays? —How does your father go to work? 三、注意事项 ⚠️ 注意一：第三人称单数动词变化规则（必考） 情况 变化规则 例词 一般动词 加 -s work→works, play→plays 以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾 加 -es pass→passes, fix→fixes, watch→watches, wash→washes, go→goes, do→does 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾 变 y 为 i，再加 -es study→studies, fly→flies 特殊情况（have） 变 has have→has ⚠️ 注意二：助动词后面永远用动词原形 无论在否定句还是疑问句中，do/does/don't/doesn't 出现后，行为动词必须用原形，绝不可加 -s/-es。 ❌ She doesn't likes it. ✅ She doesn't like it. ❌ Does he goes there? ✅ Does he go there? ⚠️ 注意三：频率副词的位置 表示频率的词（often, usually, always, sometimes, never, seldom, every day 等）一般放在行为动词之前，但 every day / once a week 等常放在句末。 She often gets up early. They play basketball every day. ⚠️ 注意四：主语是单数第三人称时，否定和疑问只把助动词变 does，动词还原 He goes to school. → He doesn't go to school. → Does he go to school? ⚠️ 注意五：There be 句型与 have/has 的区别 There be 表示“存在有”，have/has 表示“拥有”，不可混用。此处行为动词 include have，但考点常区分。 ✅ There is a book on the desk. （客观存在） ✅ I have a book. （所属） 四、中考练习题（30道） （一）单项选择（20题） 1. My sister ______ to school by bike every day. A. go B. goes C. going D. to go 2. They ______ basketball on the playground now.（用一般现在时表示习惯） A. play B. plays C. playing D. are playing 3. ______ your brother like listening to music? A. Do B. Does C. Is D. Are 4. He doesn't ______ his homework in the evening. A. do B. does C. doing D. to do 5. My parents ______ tea every morning. A. drink B. drinks C. drinking D. to drink 6. The earth ______ around the sun. A. go B. goes C. going D. to go 7. —What ______ she usually ______ after school? —She usually does her homework. A. do; do B. does; do C. does; does D. do; does 8. We ______ to school on Sundays. A. don't go B. doesn't go C. not go D. isn't go 9. —______ you often ______ your grandparents? —Yes, we do. A. Do; visit B. Does; visit C. Do; visits D. Are; visit 10. She ______ up at six, but her brother ______ up at seven. A. get; get B. gets; gets C. gets; get D. get; gets 11. The shop ______ at 9:00 a.m. and ______ at 10:00 p.m. A. open; close B. opens; closes C. open; closes D. opens; close 12. His mother ______ a new bike for him every year. A. buy B. buys C. buying D. to buy 13. —Does your father ______ to work by car? —No, he ______. A. go; don't B. goes; doesn't C. go; doesn't D. goes; don't 14. The students ______ English loudly every morning. A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read 15. My uncle ______ a car, but he ______ it every day. A. have; doesn't drive B. has; doesn't drive C. has; don't drive D. have; don't drive 16. —______ does your mother go to work? —By bus. A. What B. How C. Where D. When 17. She always ______ her homework carefully. A. do B. does C. doing D. to do 18. Tom and Jack ______ each other very much. A. like B. likes C. liking D. to like 19. —______ your parents ______ TV in the evening? —Yes, they do. A. Do; watch B. Does; watch C. Do; watches D. Are; watch 20. Everyone in our class ______ to school by bus. A. go B. goes C. going D. to go （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（10题） 21. My mother ______ (cook) dinner every day. 22. He ______ (not like) swimming in winter. 23. ______ your sister ______ (play) the piano well? 24. We usually ______ (go) to the park on weekends. 25. The train ______ (leave) at 6:30 in the morning. 26. She ______ (have) a pet dog. 27. They ______ (not watch) TV on school nights. 28. What time ______ your father ______ (get) up? 29. The children ______ (enjoy) reading storybooks. 30. My brother ______ (study) English very hard every day. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 一般现在时Ⅱ （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、概念 1 1. 经常性、习惯性的动作 1 2. 客观事实、普遍真理 1 3. 现在的状态、特征或能力（用行为动词表达） 1 4. 按规定、计划或时刻表将要发生的动作（常与将来时间状语连用） 1 二、结构 2 1. 肯定句结构 2 2. 否定句结构 2 3. 一般疑问句结构 2 4. 特殊疑问句结构 2 三、注意事项 2 注意一：第三人称单数动词变化规则（必考） 2 注意二：助动词后面永远用动词原形 3 注意三：频率副词的位置 3 注意四：主语是单数第三人称时，否定和疑问只把助动词变 does，动词还原 3 注意五：There be 句型与 have/has 的区别 3 四、中考练习题（30道） 3 （一）单项选择（20题） 3 （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（10题） 6 一、概念 行为动词（实义动词）的一般现在时是英语中最常用的时态之一，主要表示： 1. 经常性、习惯性的动作 I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。 She often reads books in the library. 她经常在图书馆看书。 2. 客观事实、普遍真理 The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 Water boils at 100℃. 水在100℃沸腾。 3. 现在的状态、特征或能力（用行为动词表达） He speaks English well. 他英语说得很好。 They live in Beijing. 他们住在北京。 4. 按规定、计划或时刻表将要发生的动作（常与将来时间状语连用） The train leaves at 8:00. 火车8点发车。 Our summer holiday starts next week. 我们的暑假下周开始。 二、结构 行为动词的一般现在时有三种句式，核心变化是第三人称单数（he/she/it/单数名词等）作主语时，动词要加 -s/-es。 1. 肯定句结构 主语 + 行为动词原形/三单形式 + 其他 主语类型 动词形式 例句 I / You / We / They / 复数名词 动词原形 I like apples. / They play football. He / She / It / 单数名词 / 不定代词 动词加 -s/-es She likes apples. / He plays football. 2. 否定句结构 主语 + don't/doesn't + 动词原形 + 其他 I don't like apples. She doesn't like apples. 注意：主语是第三人称单数时，用 doesn't，动词必须恢复原形。 3. 一般疑问句结构 Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ —Do you like apples? —Yes, I do. / No, I don't. —Does she like apples? —Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 4. 特殊疑问句结构 特殊疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ —What do you do on Sundays? —How does your father go to work? 三、注意事项 ⚠️ 注意一：第三人称单数动词变化规则（必考） 情况 变化规则 例词 一般动词 加 -s work→works, play→plays 以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾 加 -es pass→passes, fix→fixes, watch→watches, wash→washes, go→goes, do→does 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾 变 y 为 i，再加 -es study→studies, fly→flies 特殊情况（have） 变 has have→has ⚠️ 注意二：助动词后面永远用动词原形 无论在否定句还是疑问句中，do/does/don't/doesn't 出现后，行为动词必须用原形，绝不可加 -s/-es。 ❌ She doesn't likes it. ✅ She doesn't like it. ❌ Does he goes there? ✅ Does he go there? ⚠️ 注意三：频率副词的位置 表示频率的词（often, usually, always, sometimes, never, seldom, every day 等）一般放在行为动词之前，但 every day / once a week 等常放在句末。 She often gets up early. They play basketball every day. ⚠️ 注意四：主语是单数第三人称时，否定和疑问只把助动词变 does，动词还原 He goes to school. → He doesn't go to school. → Does he go to school? ⚠️ 注意五：There be 句型与 have/has 的区别 There be 表示“存在有”，have/has 表示“拥有”，不可混用。此处行为动词 include have，但考点常区分。 ✅ There is a book on the desk. （客观存在） ✅ I have a book. （所属） 四、中考练习题（30道） （一）单项选择（20题） 1. My sister ______ to school by bike every day. A. go B. goes C. going D. to go 【答案】B 【解析】主语 My sister 是第三人称单数，动词 go 以 o 结尾，加 -es 变为 goes。一般现在时表每天的习惯。 2. They ______ basketball on the playground now.（用一般现在时表示习惯） A. play B. plays C. playing D. are playing 【答案】A 【解析】题干明确要求用一般现在时表示习惯，主语 They 是复数，动词用原形 play。虽然句中有 now，但此处不表进行时。 3. ______ your brother like listening to music? A. Do B. Does C. Is D. Are 【答案】B 【解析】主语 your brother 是单数第三人称，一般疑问句需用 Does 开头，后接动词原形 like。 4. He doesn't ______ his homework in the evening. A. do B. does C. doing D. to do 【答案】A 【解析】doesn't 后必须用动词原形，此处 do 意为“做”，原形就是 do。 5. My parents ______ tea every morning. A. drink B. drinks C. drinking D. to drink 【答案】A 【解析】主语 My parents 是复数，动词用原形 drink。 6. The earth ______ around the sun. A. go B. goes C. going D. to go 【答案】B 【解析】The earth 是单数第三人称，且“地球绕太阳转”是客观真理，用 goes。 7. —What ______ she usually ______ after school? —She usually does her homework. A. do; do B. does; do C. does; does D. do; does 【答案】B 【解析】主语 she 是单三，疑问句用 Does，后接动词原形 do；答语用 does 代替前面的动词。 8. We ______ to school on Sundays. A. don't go B. doesn't go C. not go D. isn't go 【答案】A 【解析】主语 We 是复数，否定用 don't，后接原形 go。 9. —______ you often ______ your grandparents? —Yes, we do. A. Do; visit B. Does; visit C. Do; visits D. Are; visit 【答案】A 【解析】主语 you 用 Do，后接原形 visit。 10. She ______ up at six, but her brother ______ up at seven. A. get; get B. gets; gets C. gets; get D. get; gets 【答案】B 【解析】She 和 her brother 都是单数第三人称，两个空都用 gets。 11. The shop ______ at 9:00 a.m. and ______ at 10:00 p.m. A. open; close B. opens; closes C. open; closes D. opens; close 【答案】B 【解析】The shop 是单三，两个动词都用三单形式 opens 和 closes。 12. His mother ______ a new bike for him every year. A. buy B. buys C. buying D. to buy 【答案】B 【解析】His mother 单三，buy 加 -s 变为 buys。 13. —Does your father ______ to work by car? —No, he ______. A. go; don't B. goes; doesn't C. go; doesn't D. goes; don't 【答案】C 【解析】Does 后接原形 go；否定回答用 doesn't（主语 he）。 14. The students ______ English loudly every morning. A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read 【答案】A 【解析】主语 The students 是复数，动词用原形 read。 15. My uncle ______ a car, but he ______ it every day. A. have; doesn't drive B. has; doesn't drive C. has; don't drive D. have; don't drive 【答案】B 【解析】My uncle 单三，have 变 has；否定句中 doesn't 后接原形 drive。 16. —______ does your mother go to work? —By bus. A. What B. How C. Where D. When 【答案】B 【解析】答语“By bus”表示方式，用 How 提问。 17. She always ______ her homework carefully. A. do B. does C. doing D. to do 【答案】B 【解析】She 单三，do 变 does。 18. Tom and Jack ______ each other very much. A. like B. likes C. liking D. to like 【答案】A 【解析】Tom and Jack 是复数主语，动词用原形 like。 19. —______ your parents ______ TV in the evening? —Yes, they do. A. Do; watch B. Does; watch C. Do; watches D. Are; watch 【答案】A 【解析】主语 your parents 复数，疑问句用 Do，后接原形 watch。 20. Everyone in our class ______ to school by bus. A. go B. goes C. going D. to go 【答案】B 【解析】Everyone 是不定代词，视为单数，go 变 goes。 （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（10题） 21. My mother ______ (cook) dinner every day. 【答案】cooks 【解析】My mother 单三，cook 加 -s。 22. He ______ (not like) swimming in winter. 【答案】doesn't like 【解析】He 单三，否定用 doesn't，后接原形 like。 23. ______ your sister ______ (play) the piano well? 【答案】Does; play 【解析】your sister 单三，疑问句用 Does，后接原形 play。 24. We usually ______ (go) to the park on weekends. 【答案】go 【解析】We 复数，用原形 go。 25. The train ______ (leave) at 6:30 in the morning. 【答案】leaves 【解析】The train 单三，leave 以 e 结尾直接加 -s。 26. She ______ (have) a pet dog. 【答案】has 【解析】She 单三，have 变 has。 27. They ______ (not watch) TV on school nights. 【答案】don't watch 【解析】They 复数，否定用 don't，后接原形 watch。 28. What time ______ your father ______ (get) up? 【答案】does; get 【解析】your father 单三，疑问句用 Does，后接原形 get。 29. The children ______ (enjoy) reading storybooks. 【答案】enjoy 【解析】The children 复数，用原形 enjoy。 30. My brother ______ (study) English very hard every day. 【答案】studies 【解析】My brother 单三，study 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -es，故 studies。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $