Unit2 Getting along 知识点总结 2026-2027学年外研版八年级英语上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义以“人际交往与相处之道”为主题，通过“课标对接-知识梳理-能力提升-文化拓展”的逻辑框架构建单元知识体系。重点词汇按课文板块分类并以表格呈现音标、词性、搭配及例句，语法部分用对比表格解析现在完成时for/since用法及have been to等辨析，核心句型通过“公式+原句+仿写”形成清晰脉络，系统呈现重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与文化融合，基础过关题巩固词汇语法，能力提升题含句型转换等综合应用，写作提供“理解让我们更亲近”框架及范文，培养语言表达能力。文化常识对比《自私的巨人》与六尺巷故事，渗透理解包容品格，提升文化意识。易错点正误对比及自测解析帮助学生自主纠错，教师可据此实施分层教学，实现精准复习。

AI 生成 外研版（2024新版）八年级上册 Unit 2 Getting along 单元知识点总结 适用教材：外研版（2024新版）八年级上册 | 适用学段：初二上学期 | 资料类型：单元知识点总结 课标对接 【话题】人际交往与相处之道（Getting along with others） 【语言技能】能听懂并讨论关于人际交往、分享与理解的话题；能读懂 Oscar Wilde 童话《自私的巨人》改编课文和六尺巷故事；能运用现在完成时描述经历与状态，能写一篇关于"理解让我们更亲近"的记叙或议论短文。 【文化意识】了解 Oscar Wilde 及其童话作品，理解中国六尺巷故事所蕴含的谦让与沟通智慧，培养理解、包容与分享的品格。 【核心语法】现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）2——for / since 用法、have been to / have gone to / have been in 的区别，以及 already / yet / just 等标志性副词。 目录 一、重点词汇（按课文板块分类，含音标/词性/搭配/例句） 二、重点短语与固定搭配（高频短语，含辨析对比） 三、重点句型（8大核心句型，含公式+课文原句+仿写范例） 四、语法精讲（现在完成时2——for/since、have been to/gone to/been in、标志性副词） 五、单元话题写作（Understanding brings us closer，含写作框架+范文2篇） 六、易错点与难点突破（10大高频易错，含正误对比+原因分析） 七、文化常识（Oscar Wilde 与《自私的巨人》/ 六尺巷故事 / 理解与沟通） 八、单元自测（基础过关20题 + 能力提升10题） 附：参考答案与详细解析 一、重点词汇（Words） 1.1 童话故事类（The Selfish Giant） 英文 音标 词性 中文 用法与搭配 例句 giant /ˈdʒaɪənt/ n./adj. 巨人；巨大的 the Selfish Giant a giant tree The Selfish Giant owned a large, lovely garden. selfish /ˈselfɪʃ/ adj. 自私的 be selfish with sb. a selfish child The giant was selfish and would not share his garden. garden /ˈɡɑːdn/ n. 花园 in the garden garden flowers The children used to play in the giant's garden. child /tʃaɪld/ n. 小孩（pl. children） a child two children Every afternoon the children played in the garden. children /ˈtʃɪldrən/ n. 孩子们（child复数） the children's garden children's books The children were happy to be back in the garden. spring /sprɪŋ/ n. 春天；泉水 in spring spring flowers Spring came, but it stayed winter in the giant's garden. flower /ˈflaʊə/ n. 花 be covered with flowers pick flowers Beautiful flowers came out all over the grass. tree /triː/ n. 树 in the trees climb a tree And the trees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers. grass /ɡrɑːs/ n. 草地；草 over the grass on the grass Here and there, over the grass, stand beautiful flowers. bird /bɜːd/ n. 鸟 a beautiful bird song bird songs I haven't heard that beautiful bird song for a while. song /sɒŋ/ n. 歌曲；鸟鸣 sing a song bird song The bird's song filled the garden with joy. beautiful /ˈbjuːtɪfl/ adj. 美丽的；美好的 beautiful flowers beautiful music The flowers were as beautiful as stars. star /stɑː/ n. 星星；明星 like stars a movie star The flowers on the grass looked like stars. glad /ɡlæd/ adj. 高兴的；乐意的 be glad to do be glad that... And the trees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers. cover /ˈkʌvə/ v./n. 覆盖；封面 be covered with... cover sth. with sth. The trees have covered themselves with flowers. themselves /ðəmˈselvz/ pron. 他们自己 by themselves enjoy themselves The trees have covered themselves with flowers. while /waɪl/ n./conj. 一会儿；当……时 for a while after a while I haven't heard that beautiful bird song for a while. heard /hɜːd/ v. 听见（hear的过去分词） have heard hear sb. do/doing I haven't heard that beautiful bird song for a while. whenever /wenˈevə/ conj. 无论何时 whenever + 从句 whenever you like Whenever the children came, spring came too. knock down /nɒk daʊn/ v. phr. 拆除；击倒 knock down the wall knock sth. down The giant knocked down the wall of his garden. large /lɑːdʒ/ adj. 巨大的，大的 a large garden a large house It is a large garden with soft, green grass. shout /ʃaʊt/ v. 大声说，喊叫 shout at sb. shout to sb. He was very angry and shouted. gate /ɡeɪt/ n. 大门 the garden gate open the gate The giant built a high wall around his garden. nor /nɔː/ conj. 也不 neither...nor... nor + 倒装 He had neither friends nor family around. hole /həʊl/ n. 洞，孔，坑 a hole in the wall make a hole The children found a hole in the wall. afraid /əˈfreɪd/ adj. 害怕的，恐惧的 be afraid of sth. be afraid to do The children were afraid of the giant at first. message /ˈmesɪdʒ/ n. 要旨，主题思想，寓意 the message of the story send a message The message of the story is about sharing. double /ˈdʌbl/ adj. 双倍的 double happiness double joy Spring returned, bringing double joy. beginning /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/ n. 开始 at the beginning of from the beginning At the beginning of the story, the giant was selfish. return /rɪˈtɜːn/ v. 返回，回来，回去 return to sth. return home Spring returned to the garden. lively /ˈlaɪvli/ adj. 充满活力的，生气勃勃的 a lively garden a lively child The garden became lively again. knock /nɒk/ v. 碰撞；碰倒 knock down 拆毁 knock sth. down The giant knocked down the wall. 1.2 争论与沟通类（The Zhangs and the Wu） 英文 音标 词性 中文 用法与搭配 例句 divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ v. 划分；分开 divide...into... divide...between... They argued over the dividing line between their houses. argue /ˈɑːɡjuː/ v. 争论；争辩 argue with sb. argue over sth. Two local families argued over the dividing line. reach /riːtʃ/ v. 到达；达成 reach an agreement reach a place They couldn't reach an agreement. agreement /əˈɡriːmənt/ n. 协议；一致 reach an agreement in agreement After talking for hours, they finally reached an agreement. house /haʊs/ n. 房子 between their houses a new house The dividing line ran between their houses. line /laɪn/ n. 线；分界线 dividing line a straight line They argued over the dividing line between the houses. wall /wɔːl/ n. 墙 build a wall knock down the wall The giant built a high wall around his garden. build /bɪld/ v. 建造（built-built） build a wall be built of... The giant built a wall to keep the children out. share /ʃeə/ v. 分享；共用 share sth. with sb. share in sth. In the end, the giant learned to share his garden. understand /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ v. 理解（understood-understood） understand each other understand sb. Understanding brings us closer. narrow /ˈnærəʊ/ adj. 狭窄的 a narrow lane a narrow road The Six-Foot Alley is a narrow lane. lane /leɪn/ n. 巷（常用于路名中） a narrow lane a country lane The Six-Foot Alley is a famous narrow lane. perhaps /pəˈhæps/ adv. 可能，大概，也许 Perhaps you are right. perhaps + 句子 Perhaps we should talk to each other. relative /ˈrelətɪv/ n. 家人；亲戚 a close relative a distant relative They are relatives, not enemies. government /ˈɡʌvənmənt/ n. 政府 the local government government officials The government praised their behaviour. inside /ˌɪnˈsaɪd/ adv. 在里面 look inside stay inside The giant stayed inside his garden alone. neighbour /ˈneɪbə/ n. 邻居 a good neighbour next-door neighbour A good neighbour is better than a distant relative. behaviour /bɪˈheɪvjə/ n. 行为 good behaviour bad behaviour Their behaviour moved everyone. deeply /ˈdiːpli/ adv. 非常，很深地 deeply moved deeply sorry The neighbour was deeply moved. pass /pɑːs/ v. 过去，流逝 time passes pass by Time passed, but the giant remained selfish. 1.3 其他核心词汇 英文 音标 词性 中文 用法与搭配 例句 theirs /ðeəz/ pron. 他们的，她们的 a friend of theirs of theirs The garden was theirs, too. grade /ɡreɪd/ n. 年级 in Grade 8 Grade 8 students The students in Grade 8 read this story. article /ˈɑːtɪkl/ n. 文章，论文 an article about... read an article I read an article about the Six-Foot Alley. priceless /ˈpraɪsləs/ adj. 极其贵重的；无价的 a priceless lesson priceless treasure Understanding is a priceless treasure. offer /ˈɒfə/ v. 提供，给予 offer sth. to sb. offer to do The giant offered his garden to the children. plan /plæn/ n./v. 计划 make a plan plan to do sth. They planned to build a wall. quite /kwaɪt/ adv. 很；较为 quite happy quite good The giant was quite happy in the end. anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/ adj. 焦虑的，紧张的 be anxious about be anxious to do The children were anxious about the giant. recently /ˈriːsntli/ adv. 最近，近来 recently completed have recently done I have recently read this story. online /ˌɒnˈlaɪn/ adv. 从网上，在网上 online reading go online We can read articles online. personal /ˈpɜːsənl/ adj. 个人的，私人的 personal experience personal opinion This is my personal understanding. unit /ˈjuːnɪt/ n. 单位 a unit of measurement a unit of length Six chi is a unit of length. poem /ˈpəʊɪm/ n. 诗；韵文 a poem by... write a poem Zhang Ying wrote a poem to his family. adaptation /ˌædæpˈteɪʃn/ n. 改编版 an adaptation of... a TV adaptation This is an adaptation of Oscar Wilde's story. cheerful /ˈtʃɪəfl/ adj. 高兴的 a cheerful smile cheerful faces The children had cheerful faces. uncertain /ʌnˈsɜːtn/ adj. 不确定的 uncertain about be uncertain of The giant was uncertain at first. suggestion /səˈdʒestʃən/ n. 建议 make a suggestion a useful suggestion Can I make a suggestion? comfort /ˈkʌmfət/ n./v. 安慰 comfort sb. in comfort His words comforted me. 二、重点短语与固定搭配（Phrases） 2.1 课文核心短语 短语 中文释义 课文原句/语境 用法提示 knock down 拆除；击倒 The giant knocked down the wall. knock down + 名词/代词；代词放中间 knock it down dividing line 分界线 They argued over the dividing line between their houses. dividing 为现在分词作定语，修饰 line argue over 因……而争论 Two local families argued over the dividing line. argue over sth. = argue about sth. reach an agreement 达成协议 They couldn't reach an agreement. reach an agreement = come to an agreement keep...in mind 记住…… Keep in mind: understanding brings us closer. keep sth. in mind = remember sth. here and there 到处；各处 Here and there, over the grass, stand beautiful flowers. 放句首时引起完全倒装：stand beautiful flowers in return 作为回报 The giant smiled in return. in return for sth. = 作为对……的回报 far away 遥远；在远处 His friends lived far away. far away from + 地点 = 离……很远 be covered with 被……覆盖 The trees have covered themselves with flowers. be covered with flowers / with snow as long as 只要 As long as we understand each other, we can solve problems. 引导条件状语从句，主将从现 in the end 最后；终于 In the end, they became good friends. = at last / finally，放句首或句末 understand each other 相互理解 Understanding each other brings us closer. each other 表相互动作，作宾语 for a while 一会儿；一段时间 I haven't heard that bird song for a while. for + 时间段，常与完成时连用 be glad to do 高兴做某事 The trees were glad to bloom again. be glad to do = be happy to do the Zhangs and the Wu 张家和吴家 Two local families, the Zhangs and the Wu, argued... the + 姓氏复数 = ……一家人 keep out 不让进入；挡在外面 The giant built a wall to keep the children out. keep sb. out = 不让某人进入 come out 出来；（花）开放 Beautiful flowers came out all over the grass. come out 还可表示"出版""显露" get along with sb. 和某人相处 How do you get along with your neighbours? get along well with sb. = 与某人相处融洽 have difficulty doing sth. 做某事有困难 He had difficulty making friends. have difficulty (in) doing sth. = 做某事有困难 at the top of one's voice 大声地；以……的声音 He shouted at the top of his voice. at the top of one's voice = as loudly as possible since then 自从那时起 Since then, the giant has been kind. since then 常与现在完成时连用 give away 赠送，送出 The giant gave away his garden. give away sth. = give sth. away；代词放中间 be excited about 对……感到兴奋 The children were excited about spring. be excited about sth. = 对某事感到兴奋 2.2 短语辨析 短语A 短语B 区别 例句 have been to have gone to have been to = 曾经去过（已回） have gone to = 已经去了（未回，不在说话地） I have been to Beijing twice. She has gone to Beijing.（她不在这里） have been in have been to have been in = 已在某地待了多久（+ for/since） have been to = 去过（强调经历） He has been in Shanghai for three years. I have been to Shanghai twice. for since for + 时间段（for two years） since + 时间点/过去时从句（since 2020） I have lived here for five years. I have lived here since 2020. already yet already 用于肯定句（已经） yet 用于否定/疑问句，常在句末（还） He has already finished it. Has he finished it yet? argue with argue over argue with sb. = 与某人争论 argue over sth. = 因某事争论 Don't argue with your parents. They argued over the dividing line. in the end at the end of in the end = 最后（单独使用） at the end of + 名词 = 在……的尽头 In the end, they agreed. At the end of the road, there is a garden. 三、重点句型（Sentence Patterns） 3.1 八大核心句型 编号 句型 功能 公式 / 课文原句 / 仿写 1 Here and there stand... 完全倒装 公式：表地点的介词短语 + stand/lie/sit + 主语. 课文：Here and there, over the grass, stand beautiful flowers, like stars. 仿写：Here and there in the garden grow red roses. 2 I haven't... for... 现在完成时否定（for + 时间段） 公式：主语 + have/has not + 过去分词 + for + 时间段. 课文：I haven't heard that beautiful bird song for a while. 仿写：I haven't seen my grandfather for a long time. 3 ...so...that... 如此……以至于 公式：主语 + be + so + adj. + that + 从句. 课文：And the trees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers. 仿写：The giant was so moved that he knocked down the wall. 4 Two..., the A and the B, ... 同位语 公式：名词 + 同位语（补充说明）+ 谓语. 课文：Two local families, the Zhangs and the Wu, argued over the dividing line between their houses. 仿写：Two boys, Tom and Jerry, fought over the toy. 5 ...couldn't reach an agreement 无法达成一致 公式：主语 + couldn't/can't + reach an agreement. 课文：They couldn't reach an agreement. 仿写：After hours of talk, they still couldn't reach an agreement. 6 Understanding brings us closer. 动名词作主语 公式：V-ing（动名词）+ 谓语 + 宾语. 例句：Understanding brings us closer. 仿写：Sharing makes us happier. 7 Whenever..., ... 无论何时 公式：Whenever + 从句, + 主句. 例句：Whenever the children came, spring came too. 仿写：Whenever you need help, I will be there. 8 As long as..., ... 只要 公式：As long as + 从句, + 主句. 例句：As long as we understand each other, we can solve any problem. 仿写：As long as you keep trying, you will succeed. 3.2 同义句转换 原句 同义句 知识点 I haven't heard that bird song for a while. It has been a while since I heard that bird song. for a while 与 since 从句的转换 The trees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers. The trees are so glad as to cover themselves with flowers. so...that... 与 so...as to... 的转换 They couldn't reach an agreement. They couldn't agree with each other. reach an agreement = agree with each other Understanding brings us closer. Understanding makes us closer to each other. bring sb. + adj. = make sb. + adj. In the end, they became friends. Finally, they became friends. in the end = finally = at last 四、语法精讲（Grammar） 4.1 现在完成时回顾 【中考考频】现在完成时是中考高频考点，集中在单选、完形和适当形式填空中。本单元重点考查 for/since 的区别，以及 have been to / have gone to / have been in 的辨析。 现在完成时的基本结构：主语 + have/has + 过去分词（past participle）。 基本用法：① 过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果；② 过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。 标志性时间状语：already, yet, just, ever, never, before, for + 时间段, since + 时间点, so far, recently 等。 注意：现在完成时不能与明确的过去时间状语（如 yesterday, last week, in 2020）连用。 4.2 for / since 用法对比 介词 用法 后接内容 例句 for 表示动作或状态持续了多长时间 时间段（a while, two years, a long time, three days） I haven't heard that bird song for a while. The giant has been kind for many years. since 表示动作或状态从过去某时开始持续至今 时间点（2020, last year, this morning） 或一般过去时从句 The giant has been kind since the children returned. I have lived here since 2020. 【记忆要点】for 接"长度"（时间段），since 接"起点"（时间点或过去时从句）。 【转换公式】for + 时间段 = since + 过去的时间点。例如：for three years = since three years ago = since 2022。 4.3 have been to / have gone to / have been in 结构 含义 主语位置 例句 have been to 曾经去过某地（已回，强调经历） 主语通常为第一、二人称或可回的人 I have been to Beijing twice. Have you ever been to England? have gone to 已经去了某地（未回，不在说话地） 主语通常为第三人称 She has gone to the library.（她现在不在这里） Tom has gone to Shanghai. have been in 已经在某地待了多久（强调停留） 常与 for / since 连用 He has been in this school for three years. They have been in Tongcheng since 2010. 【辨析要点】 1. have been to 表示"去过"，主语已回到说话地点，强调经历，常与 ever, never, twice 等连用。 2. have gone to 表示"去了"，主语不在说话地点，正在途中或已到达，主语多为第三人称。 3. have been in 表示"待在某地"，强调持续状态，后面通常接 for + 时间段或 since + 时间点。 4.4 标志性副词 already / yet / just 副词 含义 常用句型 位置 例句 already 已经 肯定句 疑问句（表惊讶） have/has 与过去分词之间，或句末 The giant has already opened the garden. Have you already finished it? yet 还；已经 否定句（还不） 疑问句（已经） 句末 The children haven't come yet. Has the bird sung yet? just 刚刚 肯定句 have/has 与过去分词之间 The bird has just sung a beautiful song. I have just finished my homework. ever 曾经 疑问句 否定句加强语气 have/has 与过去分词之间 Have you ever read The Selfish Giant? Nothing like this has ever happened. never 从未 肯定句形式表否定含义 have/has 与过去分词之间 I have never seen such a beautiful garden. He has never been selfish since then. before 以前 肯定/否定/疑问句 句末 I have heard this story before. Have you been here before? 4.5 高频考点总结 1. for + 时间段，since + 时间点或过去时从句。判断的关键看后面接的是"长度"还是"起点"。 2. have been to（去过，已回）/ have gone to（去了，未回）/ have been in（待了多久，+ for/since）。 3. already 多用于肯定句，yet 多用于否定句和疑问句（句末）。 4. 瞬间动词（如 come, go, arrive, leave, join, die, buy, borrow, marry）在完成时中不能与 for/since 引导的时间段直接连用，需转换为延续性表达。 例如：He has arrived here for two hours.（误） → He has been here for two hours.（正） He has bought the book for a year.（误） → He has had the book for a year.（正） 5. 现在完成时不能与 yesterday, last week, in 2020, two days ago 等明确的过去时间状语连用。 6. 常见不规则过去分词：hear→heard, build→built, understand→understood, come→come, go→gone, be→been, see→seen, give→given, take→taken。 五、单元话题写作（Writing） 5.1 写作任务：Understanding brings us closer 本单元写作任务是以"Understanding brings us closer"（理解让我们更亲近）为主题，写一篇记叙或议论短文。可以讲述一次你与他人（家人、朋友、邻居）之间从误解到理解的经历，也可以论述理解与沟通在人际关系中的重要性。要求：80-120词，结构清晰，语言通顺，尽量使用现在完成时和本单元重点词汇。 5.2 写作框架 段落 内容 可用句型 示例 第一段 引出话题或事件 Understanding brings us closer. / I have learned that... / ...argued over... Understanding brings us closer. I learned this from a story between my neighbour and me. 第二段 叙述经历或展开论述 We argued over... / We couldn't reach an agreement. / I tried to stand in his shoes. / I haven't... for... Last month, my neighbour and I argued over a dividing line. We couldn't reach an agreement. Then I tried to stand in his shoes. 第三段 总结感悟 In the end, ... / As long as..., ... / Sharing / Understanding brings us closer. In the end, we understood each other. As long as we communicate, problems can be solved. 5.3 范文 【范文一】基础版（约95词）—— 邻里之间的理解 Understanding brings us closer. I learned this from my own experience. Last month, my neighbour Li Hua and I argued over a small dividing line between our gardens. We couldn't reach an agreement. For a few days, we didn't talk to each other. I haven't felt happy for a while. Then I tried to stand in his shoes and understood his worry. I said sorry first. In return, he smiled and moved the line. In the end, we became good friends. As long as we understand each other, we can solve any problem. 【范文二】提升版（约130词）—— 从《自私的巨人》学到的道理 Understanding brings us closer. This is what I have learned from The Selfish Giant and the story of the Six-Foot Alley. In the fairy tale, the giant was selfish at first. He built a high wall to keep the children out, so spring never came to his garden. He hadn't heard a beautiful bird song for a long time. In the end, he knocked down the wall and shared his garden. Then the flowers came out again, here and there, like stars. Similarly, the Zhangs and the Wu argued over a dividing line. Instead of fighting, they each gave up three feet of land. That is how the Six-Foot Alley was born. These stories tell us that sharing and understanding bring us closer. As long as we stand in others' shoes, the world will be a warmer place. 5.4 写作好词好句积累 类别 表达 适用场景 表达理解 understand each other / stand in one's shoes / put oneself in one's place 表达换位思考、相互理解 表达沟通 reach an agreement / talk to each other / communicate with sb. 表达达成一致、沟通交流 表达分享 share sth. with sb. / knock down the wall / open one's heart 表达分享、敞开心扉 表达结果 in the end / finally / as a result / bring us closer 表达最终结果 表达条件 as long as / whenever / no matter what 表达条件或让步 完成时句式 have learned / haven't... for... / have changed / have been kind since... 描述经历与变化 六、易错点与难点突破（Common Mistakes） 编号 易错点 错误示例 正确写法 原因分析 1 for / since 混淆 x I have lived here since five years. v I have lived here for five years. for + 时间段（five years）；since + 时间点（since five years ago）。 2 have been to / have gone to 混淆 x — Where is Tom? — He has been to the library. v He has gone to the library. have gone to 表示"去了未回"，主语不在说话地；have been to 表示"去过已回"。 3 already / yet 用错句型 x Have you already finished yet?（语境不当） v Have you finished yet? / I have already finished. already 多用于肯定句；yet 多用于否定句和疑问句，置于句末。 4 瞬间动词与时间段连用 x He has arrived here for two hours. v He has been here for two hours. arrive 是瞬间动词，不能与 for + 时间段连用，需用 be（延续性）。 5 过去分词拼写错误 x He has heared the bird song. v He has heard the bird song. hear 的过去分词为 heard（不规则变化），不加 -ed。 6 倒装句主谓不一致 x Here and there stands beautiful flowers. v Here and there stand beautiful flowers. 完全倒装中谓语与后面主语 flowers（复数）一致，用 stand。 7 so...that 与 such...that 混淆 x The trees are such glad that they bloom. v The trees are so glad that they bloom. so + adj./adv.；such + (a/an) + adj. + n.。glad 是形容词，用 so。 8 reach an agreement 搭配错误 x They couldn't reach with an agreement. v They couldn't reach an agreement. reach an agreement 为固定搭配，reach 后不加 with。 9 the + 姓氏复数误用 x The Zhang and the Wu argued. v The Zhangs and the Wu argued. the + 姓氏表示……一家人，通常加 -s（如 the Zhangs）。教材原文中吴家用 the Wu，为特殊用法。 10 argue over / argue with 混淆 x They argued with the dividing line. v They argued over the dividing line. argue with sb. = 与某人争论；argue over sth. = 因某事争论。 七、文化常识（Culture Link） 7.1 Oscar Wilde 与《自私的巨人》 奥斯卡王尔德（Oscar Wilde, 1854-1900）是爱尔兰作家、诗人、剧作家，被誉为唯美主义（Aestheticism）的代表人物。他擅长写童话、诗歌和喜剧，语言机智优雅。 《自私的巨人》（The Selfish Giant）是王尔德最著名的童话之一，收录于童话集《快乐王子和其他故事》（The Happy Prince and Other Tales, 1888）。故事讲述一个自私的巨人把孩子们赶出花园，砌起高墙，结果花园里常年是冬天。直到有一天，孩子们偷偷溜回花园，春天也随之归来。巨人终于明白分享与善良的意义，推倒了围墙，与孩子们共享花园。 这篇童话告诉我们：自私会让心灵陷入寒冬，而分享与爱才能带来真正的春天。 7.2 六尺巷故事（The Six-Foot Alley） 六尺巷位于中国安徽省桐城市（Tongcheng, Anhui Province），是一条长约百米、宽两米（合六尺）的小巷，背后有一段流传三百多年的谦让故事。 要素 内容 故事主角 清代张英（文华殿大学士）家族与邻居吴家 起因 两家因宅基地边界（dividing line）发生争执，互不相让 经过 张家写信给在京为官的张英求助，张英回诗一首：「千里家书只为墙，让他三尺又何妨。万里长城今犹在，不见当年秦始皇。」 结果 张家主动退让三尺，吴家深受感动也退让三尺，形成一条六尺宽的小巷 寓意 谦让（modesty）、宽容（tolerance）、理解与沟通能化解矛盾 六尺巷的故事与《自私的巨人》形成有趣的对照：巨人砌墙隔绝他人，最终推倒围墙迎来春天；张吴两家本想争地筑墙，最终各退三尺成就佳话。两者都说明：理解与分享让世界更美好。 7.3 理解与沟通（Understanding and Communication） 本单元的核心主题是"理解让我们更亲近"（Understanding brings us closer）。在人际交往中，理解与沟通是化解矛盾、建立信任的关键。 沟通智慧 英文表达 说明 设身处地为他人着想 stand in one's shoes / put oneself in one's place 换位思考，理解他人的立场与感受 主动沟通 communicate with sb. / talk to each other 主动表达自己的想法，也倾听对方 学会分享 share sth. with sb. / open one's heart 分享让快乐加倍，让隔阂消除 相互理解 understand each other / reach an agreement 在分歧中寻找共识，达成一致 保持谦让 be modest / give way to others 退一步海阔天空，谦让是美德 7.4 中西"谦让与分享"故事对比 对比维度 《自私的巨人》 六尺巷故事 文化背景 英国维多利亚时代童话 中国清朝真实历史故事 矛盾起因 巨人不愿与孩子们分享花园 张吴两家争夺宅基地边界 解决方式 巨人推倒围墙，分享花园 两家各退三尺，让出巷子 核心品质 分享（sharing）、善良（kindness） 谦让（modesty）、宽容（tolerance） 共同主题 Understanding brings us closer.（理解让我们更亲近） Understanding brings us closer.（理解让我们更亲近） 启示 自私带来寒冬，分享迎来春天 退一步海阔天空，谦让成就佳话 八、单元自测（Self-check） （本部分为"学生版"，不含答案。参考答案与解析见附录。） 第一部分：基础过关（20题） 一、根据首字母或汉语提示写出单词（10分） 1. The s______（自私的）giant didn't want to share his garden with the children. 2. Here and there, over the grass, stand beautiful flowers, like s______（星星）. 3. I haven't h______（听见）that beautiful bird song for a while. 4. The trees are so g______（高兴的）that they have covered themselves with flowers. 5. Two local families argued over the d______（分界）line between their houses. 6. They couldn't r______（达成）an agreement after hours of talk. 7. The giant k______ ______（拆除）the wall around his garden. 8. Keep this in m______（头脑）: understanding brings us closer. 9. His friends lived f______ ______（遥远）, so he felt lonely. 10. I have n______（从未）seen such a beautiful garden before. 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（5分） 11. The giant ______ (build) a high wall around his garden last year. 12. I ______ (be) to Beijing twice. It's a wonderful city. 13. Tom ______ (go) to the library. He isn't here now. 14. We ______ (live) in this town since 2018. 15. The children ______ (already, come) back to the garden. 三、选词填空（5分） （for / since / already / yet / just） 16. I haven't heard that bird song ______ a while. 17. The giant has ______ opened his garden to the children. 18. The bird has ______ sung a beautiful song. 19. The children haven't come back ______. 20. The giant has been kind ______ the children returned. 第二部分：能力提升（10题） 四、单项选择（5分） 21. — Where is Lucy? — She ______ the post office. She will be back soon. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. went to 22. I have lived in this city ______ ten years. A. since B. for C. in D. from 23. Here and there, over the grass, ______ beautiful flowers, like stars. A. stand B. stands C. is standing D. stood 24. The trees are so glad that they ______ themselves with flowers. A. cover B. covered C. have covered D. are covered 25. Which of the following sentences is CORRECT? A. He has arrived here for two hours. B. I have been to the library. I'm not here now. C. The giant has already knocked down the wall. D. She has gone to Beijing twice. 五、句型转换（5分） 26. I haven't heard that bird song for a while.（对划线部分提问，划线部分为 for a while） ______ ______ haven't you heard that bird song? 27. The giant has been kind since the children returned.（改为同义句，用 for） The giant has been kind ______ a long time. 28. She has gone to the library.（改为同义句，表示"她不在这里"） She is ______ ______ now. She went to the library. 29. The trees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers.（改为同义句，用 such） They are ______ glad trees ______ they have covered themselves with flowers. 30. Understanding brings us closer.（改为同义句，用 make） Understanding ______ ______ closer to each other. 附录：参考答案与详细解析 （本部分为"教师版"，供教师批改和讲解使用。） 基础过关答案 题号 答案 解析 1 selfish the selfish giant 自私的巨人，selfish 为形容词"自私的"。 2 stars like stars 像星星一样，star 用复数。 3 heard hear 的过去分词为 heard（不规则变化），用于现在完成时 haven't heard。 4 glad be glad 高兴的，so glad that... 如此高兴以至于……。 5 dividing dividing line 分界线，dividing 为现在分词作定语。 6 reach reach an agreement 达成协议，固定搭配。 7 knocked down knock down 拆除，过去式 knocked down。 8 mind keep sth. in mind 记住某事，固定搭配。 9 far away far away 遥远，副词短语作表语/状语。 10 never have never seen 从未见过，never 用于完成时表否定。 11 built build 的过去式为 built，last year 提示用一般过去时。 12 have been have been to 去过（已回），twice 提示是经历。 13 has gone has gone to 去了（未回），后文"他现在不在这里"提示。 14 have lived since 2018 提示用现在完成时，主语 We 用 have lived。 15 have already come already 用于肯定句完成时，come 的过去分词为 come。 16 for for a while 持续一段时间，for + 时间段。 17 already already 用于肯定句，表示"已经"。 18 just just 表示"刚刚"，用于肯定句完成时。 19 yet yet 用于否定句，表示"还"，置于句末。 20 since since + 过去时从句（the children returned），表示"自从……起"。 能力提升答案 题号 答案 解析 21 B. has gone to has gone to 表示"去了未回"，后文"她不在"提示她还没回来，用 has gone to。A（去过已回）与语境矛盾。 22 B. for for + 时间段（ten years）；since + 时间点。ten years 是时间段，用 for。 23 A. stand 完全倒装句：表地点的介词短语 + stand + 主语。主语 beautiful flowers 为复数，谓语用 stand。 24 C. have covered so glad that 引导的结果从句中，动作发生在"高兴"之前且对现在有影响，用现在完成时 have covered。 25 C A 错：arrive 是瞬间动词，不能与 for two hours 连用；B 错：have been to 表示"去过已回"，与"我不在这里"矛盾；D 错：have gone to 不能与 twice 连用（不能是多次经历）。C 正确。 26 How long 对 for a while（时间段）提问用 How long。 27 for since + 过去时从句转换为 for + 时间段。此处填 for，构成 for a long time。for 后接时间段，since 后接时间点或过去时从句。 28 not here has gone to 表示去了未回，即"不在这里" not here。 29 such; that so + adj. + that = such + (a/an) + adj. + n. + that。此处 such glad trees that...。 30 makes us bring sb. + adj. = make sb. + adj.，bring us closer = make us closer。Understanding 为动名词作主语，谓语用三单 makes。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $