精品解析：广西柳州高级中学2023-2024学年度高一下学期末考试英语试题

2023-2024学年度2023级（高一）期末考试 英语试题 试卷满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上，第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分；满分7.5分） 听下面3段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What has Eric been given for his birthday? A．A book. B．A diary. C．An album. 2．Where does the conversation most likely take place? A．At a shopping mall. B．At a bus stop. C．In a bank. 3．When will Tom get his book bag? A．Today. B．Tomorrow. C．The day after tomorrow. 4．How is the weather now? A．Rainy. B．Cloudy. C．Sunny. 5．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．How the woman caught the sun. B．When the woman went sailing. C．Where the woman had a holiday. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分；满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．Who could the man probably be? A．A teacher. B．A receptionist. C．A tourist guide. 7．When does the woman suggest visiting the center? A．On Tuesdays. B．On Wednesdays. C．On Thursdays. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．What is the speakers' destination? A．The markets. B．The water gardens. C．The ancient district. 9．Who is the woman going to get a present for? A．Her dad. B．Her mum. C．Her sister. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．What did the woman just do? A．She rushed for the train. B．She got off the train. C．She came back from town. 11．What caused the woman trouble? A．Her coat. B．Her high-heeled shoes. C．Her sports shoes. 12．Which word can best describe the woman? A．Disorganized. B．Reliable. C．Determined. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．What is Wendy's opinion about the menu? A．It's complicated. B．It's attractive. C．It's traditional. 14．Who will do the deliveries first? A．Wendy. B．Mark. C．Ben. 15．What did the man do? A．He ordered more packaging. B．He arranged the schedule. C．He hired more people. 16．What will Wendy do next? A．Plan some promotions. B．Contact repeat customers. C．Make changes to the website. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．When did the speaker decide to be a mechanic? A．After he finished school. B．When he got qualifications. C．As he was a child. 18．Why did the speaker leave his town? A．To learn new skills. B．To become an adventurer. C．To experience new things. 19．What did the speaker think of the job on the ship at first? A．Enjoyable. B．Satisfying. C．Tough. 20．What did the speaker do after his experience on the ship? A．He went travelling. B．He set up his own business. C．He completed some training. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 A Literary festivals are held annually in many corners of the globe and attract large numbers of readers, writers, playwrights (剧作家) and publishers. Miami Book Fair For eight days each year in November, the campus of Miami Dade College hosts over 500 outstanding authors during the Miami Book Fair. The fair offers young writers a unique opportunity to attend creative writing courses and workshops. Readers can listen to famous international authors talk about their latest books. Most of the events are offered free of charge to encourage a love of literature across all income groups. Cheltenham Literature Festival The festival runs for 10 days every autumn in Cheltenham. It’s the world’s first literature festival, leading the way in celebrating the writ- ten and spoken word. The fair offers something to everyone-you can attend reading activities and debates, and bring your children to see their favorite storybook characters brought to life. Paraty International Literary Festival It’s held each year in the city of Paraty, Brazil. Visitors can meet many local and international authors, poets and playwrights, and attend literature workshops. As part of the festival, Flipinha is mainly for children where young readers can meet writers and relax with a book in a special space. A further arm of the festival is called FlipMais. A series of free events about live theatre, music and cinema are held throughout the city of Paraty. Edinburgh International Book Festival The festival lasts for over 16 days every August and usually features around 900 events where you can meet your favorite authors, and bring your children to attend magical story-telling sessions and special workshops for children with learning disabilities. In most years, the festival attracts over 1,000 authors, poets and educators. 1. What can young writers do at Miami Book Fair? A. Enjoy wonderful live shows. B. Get the latest books for free. C. Develop their writing skills. D. Receive training in public speaking. 2. What’s special about Paraty International Literary Festival? A. It includes different forms of art. B. It organizes a debate for writers and readers. C. It gives children a chance to make up stories. D. It allows readers to offer writers suggestions directly. 3. Which festival is the most helpful to kids with poor school performance? A. Miami Book Fair. B. Cheltenham Literature Festival. C. Paraty International Literary Festival. D. Edinburgh International Book Festival. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个著名的文学节。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据小标题Miami Book Fair下的“The fair offers young writers a unique opportunity to attend creative writing courses and workshops.(博览会为年轻作家提供了参加创意写作课程和工作坊的独特机会)”可知，年轻的作家可以在这里参加创造性的写作课程和讲习班，提高写作技能。故选C项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据小标题Paraty International Literary Festival下的“A series of free events about live theatre, music and cinema are held throughout the city of Paraty.(一系列关于现场戏剧、音乐和电影的免费活动在整个帕拉蒂市举行)”可推知，Paraty International Literary Festival的特殊之处是除了文学外，还包含不同的艺术形式，如戏剧、音乐等。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据小标题Edinburgh International Book Festival下的“The festival lasts for over 16 days every August and usually features around 900 events where you can meet your favorite authors, and bring your children to attend magical story-telling sessions and special workshops for children with learning disabilities.(这个节日每年8月持续16天，通常有大约900个活动，在那里你可以见到你最喜欢的作家，带着你的孩子参加神奇的故事讲习会和为有学习障碍的儿童举办的特别讲习班)”可知，Edinburgh International Book Festival会为有学习障碍的孩子设立专门的研讨会，而且吸引了很多教育家的参与，所以对学习成绩较落后的孩子最有帮助。故选D项。 B Two high school students have identified four new planets in distant space about 200 light years from Earth, making them “the youngest astronomers” to make such a discovery. Kartik Pingle, 16, and Jasmine Wright, 18, who both attend schools in Massachusetts, participated in the Student Research Mentoring Program (SRMP). With the help of Tansu Daylan, an MIT doctor for Astrophysics and Space Research, the students studied and analyzed data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Together they focused on Tess Object of Interest (TOI) 1233, a nearby, bright sun-like star and here they found four planets rotating (旋转) around the star. “We were looking to see changes in light over time,” Pingle explained, “the idea is that if the planet transits the star, or passes in front of it, it would periodically cover up the star and decrease its brightness.” While studying 1233, Pingle and Wright had at least hoped to find one planet, but were overwhelmed with joy when a total of four were spotted. “I was very excited and very shocked.” Wright said. “We knew this was the goal of Daylan’s research, but to actually find a multi-planetary system, and be part of the discovering team, was really cool.” Three of the newly discovered planets are considered as “sub-Neptunes”, which are gaseous (气态的), but smaller than the Neptune that lives in our solar system. While observing the planets, the team determined each one completes their orbit around 1233 every six to 19.5 days. However, the fourth planet is labeled a “super-Earth” for its large size and rockiness — this one orbits around the star in just under four days. “We have long been studying planets beyond our solar system and with multi-planetary systems, the two young students are kind of hitting the jackpot. They are really blessed.” Daylan said. “The planets originated from the same disk of matter around the same star, but they ended up being different planets with different atmospheres and different climates due to their different orbits. So, we would like to understand the fundamental processes of planet formation and evolution using this planetary system.” Daylan added that it was a “win-win” to work with Pingle and Wright on the study. “As a researcher, I really enjoy interacting with young brains that are open to experimentation and learning and have minimal bias.” he said, “I also think it is very beneficial to high school students, since they get exposure to cutting-edge research and this prepares them quickly for a research career.” 4. How did the two students identify the four planets? A. By helping professor Tansu Daylan with the data. B. By analyzing the change of brightness of star 1233. C. By studying Neptune that lives in our solar system. D. By interacting with other young talented brains. 5. What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A. The features of the newly-discovered planets. B. The great efforts made by the two students. C. The comparison between the two star systems. D. The significance of the discovery of the planet. 6. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “hitting the jackpot” in paragraph 5? A. Making a discovery difficultly. B. Achieving the goal easily. C. Succeeding in something luckily. D. Performing a task carefully. 7. According to the article, what benefits does the study bring? A. It allows the scientists to work with young people without prejudice. B. It equips future astronomers with better researching capabilities. C. It provides more perspectives and thus boosts more discoveries. D. It arouses students’ interest in exploring the unknown universe. 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了两名美国高中生在天体物理博士的指导下，借助卫星数据分析恒星亮度变化，成功发现四颗系外行星，同时介绍行星特征、此次发现的科研价值与师生合作的双向益处。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“ “We were looking to see changes in light over time,” Pingle explained, “the idea is that if the planet transits the star, or passes in front of it, it would periodically cover up the star and decrease its brightness.” (“我们想观察光度随时间的变化，”平格尔解释道，“其原理是，如果行星经过恒星前方，或从恒星前面经过，它会周期性地遮挡恒星并降低其亮度。”)”可知，两名学生通过观测、分析TOI 1233恒星亮度的周期性变化识别出四颗行星。 【5题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Three of the newly discovered planets are considered as “sub-Neptunes” (其中三颗新行星属于“海王星次行星”)”以及“the fourth planet is labeled a “super-Earth” (第四颗行星被归类为“超级地球”)”可知，本段分别介绍了四颗新行星的类型、物质构成和公转周期，段落主旨是新发现行星的各项特征。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段“We have long been studying planets beyond our solar system and with multi-planetary systems, the two young students are kind of hitting the jackpot. They are really blessed. (我们长期致力于太阳系外行星的研究，这两名年轻学生能找到多行星系统，可以说是____，他们实在很幸运。)”以及第三段“While studying 1233, Pingle and Wright had at least hoped to find one planet, but were overwhelmed with joy when a total of four were spotted. (在观测TOI 1233时，平格尔和赖特原本只希望能找到一颗行星，当一共发现四颗行星时，他们欣喜万分)。”可知，二人原本只期望找到一颗行星，却发现了完整多行星系统，hit the jackpot表示幸运地取得重大收获。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“I also think it is very beneficial to high school students, since they get exposure to cutting-edge research and this prepares them quickly for a research career. (我认为这项研究对高中生大有裨益，他们能够接触前沿科研内容，快速为今后从事科研工作做好准备)。”可知，参与该研究能让高中生接触前沿科研，锻炼科研能力，为未来科研道路打好基础，培养未来天文研究者的研究素养。 C Just as a hungry brain craves (渴望) food, a lonely brain craves people. A new brain study demonstrates this. After being left alone, it shows people's brains would be activated at the sight of other people. The action was in the same brain region that speeds up when a hungry person sees food. Livia Tomova, a neuroscientist, who studies how the brain produces mental activities, and her colleagues began this study. They recruited (招募) 40 people. On one day, the participants had to fast—not eat anything at all—for 10 hours. On another day, the same people were placed in a room for 10 hours. They couldn't see anyone. No friends, no family and no social media. They weren't even allowed to check their email. After both days, Tomova and her colleagues put the people in a MRI machine. It shows activity in the brain by tracking how much blood is flowing to each region. At the end of each day, the participants showed high activity in a brain area called the midbrain. The scientists were interested in two, small areas within it. Both areas produce dopamine, a chemical that is important in craving and rewards. The two areas activated when hungry participants saw pictures of tasty pizza or juicy hamburgers. After the volunteers had been isolated, those brain areas became active when they saw social activities they missed. It might be playing sports or chatting with friends. The midbrain plays an important part in people's motivation to seek food or friends. In fact, it responds to food and social signals even when people aren't hungry or lonely. But hunger and loneliness increased the reactions and made people's responses specific to the thing they were missing. And the more hunger or isolation the volunteers said they were experiencing, the stronger the activity in this part of the brain. Tomova and her colleagues published their results November 23 in Nature Neuroscience. 8. How does Tomova test out the result of the study? A. By stimulating desire. B. By controlling blood flow. C. By monitoring brain activity. D. By examining mental activities. 9. What do we know about midbrain? A. It consists of two areas. B. It helps motivate desire for food. C. It stops working when people are full. D. It decreases responses to lost friends. 10. What does the underlined “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. A midbrain area. B. A social activity. C. A volunteer. D. A hamburger. 11. What can be the best title for the text? A. Dopamine—a Sure Sign of Age B. Midbrain—a Nest for the Thoughts C. Hunger Makes Mental Health Struggle D. Loneliness Makes Our Brains Need People 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. B 11. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文，介绍了Tomova和她的同事通过研究，发现“饥饿的大脑渴望食物和孤独的大脑渴望与人的交往”这一行为背后的大脑机制。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二自然段“After both days, Tomova and her colleagues put the people in a MRI machine. It shows activity in the brain by tracking how much blood is flowing to each region. (两天之后，Tomova和她的同事们对这些人进行了核磁共振检查。它通过追踪流向每个区域的血液量来显示大脑的活动)”可知，Tomova用核磁共振监测大脑活动的方式来进行研究。故选C项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据四第自然段“The midbrain plays an important part in people's motivation to seek food or friends. (中脑在人们寻求食物或朋友的动机中扮演着重要的角色)”可知，中脑与人寻找食物的动机有关。故选B项。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三自然段“After the volunteers had been isolated, those brain areas became active when they saw social activities they missed. It might be playing sports or chatting with friends. (在志愿者被隔离后，当他们看到自己错过的社交活动时，这些大脑区域就会变得活跃。可能是做运动或和朋友聊天)”可知，代词It指代的是前文中让大脑会变得活跃的social activities之一。故选B项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一自然段段首句“Just as a hungry brain craves (渴望) food, a lonely brain craves people. (就像饥饿的大脑渴望食物一样，孤独的大脑渴望人)”和下文的实验介绍与理论分析可知，本文主要讲，饥饿让大脑渴望食物，孤独让大脑渴望与人的交往这一人类行为和其背后的大脑机制。故选D项。 D China's war on garbage is as digitally savvy (精通的) as the country itself. Think QR codes attached to garbage bags that allow a government to trace exactly where its garbage comes from. On July 1, Shanghai began a compulsory garbage-sorting program. Under the new regulations, households and companies must classify wastes into tour categories and put them in designated places at certain times. Violators (违反者) will be fined. Companies and properties that don't obey risk having their credit rating lowered. The strict management became the talk of the city's more than 24 million residents, who criticized the program's inflexibility and confusing waste categorization. Gratefully, China's tech start-ups are here to help. China's biggest Internet companies responded with new search features that help people identify tour wastes. For example, are lithium (锂) batteries hazardous (有害的) or recyclable waste? Not even the most environmentally conscious person can get all answers right. Now people just need to simply pull up a mini app to solve it. One payment platform, claims its garbage-sorting mini app added one million users in just three days and has so far indexed more than 4,000 types of rubbish. Soon it will save people from typing by using image recognition to classify garbage when they shoot a photo of it. Some apps can already answer the question “What kind of garbage is a wet wipe?” and more. If people are too busy or lazy, startups are offering valet (服侍) garbage service at the doorstep. A third-party developer built a recycling mini app and is now collecting garbage from 8,000 apartment complexes across 11 cities. Some companies' food delivery arm has added garbage pickup to its list of valet services. Besides, companies are building software to make property managers' lives easier. Each household is asked to attach a unique QR code to garbage bags, which will be scanned for sources and classification. 12. What can we know based on the new regulations? A. Residents throw wastes freely. B. Families just need to classify wastes. C. People against rules can face punishment. D. Companies that break the rules will be closed down. 13. What is the citizens' attitude to the new regulations? A. Annoyed. B. Optimistic. C. Unconcerned. D. Supportive. 14. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Some companies have no valet services. B. Some payment platforms build a recycling mini app on their own. C. QR code helps to trace the origin of garbage. D. Tmall Genie can use image recognition to classify garbage. 15. In which section of a newspaper would you probably read the text? A. Environment Issues. B. Regulations for Residents C. Do-it-Yourself. D. Community Service. 【答案】12. C 13. A 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国上海推行的强制垃圾分类新规以及科技公司和初创企业如何利用数字技术（如QR码、小程序、图像识别等）帮助居民解决垃圾分类难题，体现了中国在垃圾治理方面的数字化创新。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Under the new regulations, households and companies must classify wastes into tour categories and put them in designated places at certain times. Violators will be fined. Companies and properties that don't obey risk having their credit rating lowered. (根据新规定，家庭和公司必须将垃圾分为四类，并在规定时间放在指定地点。违反者将被罚款。不遵守规定的公司和物业面临信用评级降低的风险。)”可知，违反规定的人会面临惩罚。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The strict management became the talk of the city's more than 24 million residents, who criticized the program's inflexibility and confusing waste categorization. (严格的管理成为了这座拥有2400多万居民的城市的热门话题，居民们批评该计划缺乏灵活性，垃圾分类令人困惑。)”可知，市民对新规持批评、不满的态度。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Each household is asked to attach a unique QR code to garbage bags, which will be scanned for sources and classification. (每户家庭被要求在垃圾袋上贴上唯一的二维码，以便扫描其来源和分类。)”可知，二维码有助于追踪垃圾的来源。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要围绕中国推行垃圾分类新规及科技手段助力垃圾治理展开，属于环境保护话题，因此最可能出现在报纸的环境问题版块。 第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Over time, habits of negative thinking about ourselves can lower self-esteem (自尊). So if you want to feel better about yourself, try some of these things: ___16___ Are you so used to focusing on your problems that they’re all you see? Next time you find yourself trapped in problems or disappointment with yourself or your day, find something positive to deal with it. Each day, write down three good things about yourself, or three things that went smoothly that day because of your action or effort. Aim for effort rather than perfection. Some people get held back by their own pressure to be perfect. They lose out because they don’t try. Usually, you may think, “I won’t audition (试镜) for the play because I probably won’t get the lead.” ___17___ Remind yourself that everyone is good at different things. ___18___ Thinking more like this: “She’s a great basketball player — but the truth is, I’m a better musician than athlete. Still, I’ll keep playing because I enjoy it.” It helps you accept yourself and make the best of the situation. ___19___ Don’t be afraid to voice them. If someone disagrees, it’s not a judgment on your worth or your intelligence. That person just sees things differently from you. Set goals. ___20___ Then make a plan for how to do it. Stick with your plan, and keep track of your progress. A. Focus on what goes well for you. B. Take pride in your opinions and ideas. C. Think about what you’d like to achieve. D. It’s certain that the role will go to someone else. E. Recognize what you can change and what you can’t. F. Train your inner voice to remind you of what you are accomplishing. G. Cheer on others for their success and keep in mind what you do well. 【答案】16. A 17. D 18. G 19. B 20. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇选句填空。消极的想法会使你降低自尊，本文介绍了几个可以尝试的事情，它们会使你感觉更好一些。 【16题详解】 本空位于句首，是本段小标题。根据下文Are you so used to focusing on your problems that they’re all you see? Next time you find yourself trapped in problems or disappointment with yourself or your day, find something positive to deal with it. Each day, write down three good things about yourself, or three things that went smoothly that day because of your action or effort.(你是不是太习惯于把注意力集中在你的问题上，以至于你只看到它们？下次当你发现自己陷入麻烦事或令人失望的事上时，找到一些积极的事情去处理它。每天记下关于你的三件好事情，或者三件因为你的行动或努力而顺利的事情。)可知，A项：Focus on what goes well for you.(把注意力集中在适合你的事情上。)符合本段文意。故选A。 【17题详解】 根据上句Usually, you may think, “I won’t audition (试镜) for the play because I probably won’t get the lead.”(通常你可能认为，“那出戏我不会试镜，因为我很可能不会成为主演”。)可推知，因为你连试的勇气都没有，所以这个角色将成为别人的。D项：It’s certain that the role will go to someone else.(这个角色肯定会交给别人。)是上文的结果，故选D。 【18题详解】 根据本段小标题Remind yourself that everyone is good at different things(提醒你自己每个人都有擅长的事情。)，再根据空格下文Thinking more like this: “She’s a great basketball player — but the truth is, I’m a better musician than athlete.(更多的像这样思考“她是一名伟大的篮球运动员，但事实是，与运动员相比我是一名更好的音乐家”。)，G项：Cheer on others for their success and keep in mind what you do well.(为别人成功喝彩的同时，记住你要做好什么。)符合本段文意，故选G。 【19题详解】 根据下文Don’t be afraid to voice them. If someone disagrees, it’s not a judgment on your worth or your intelligence. That person just sees things differently from you.(别害怕说出来。如果有人不同意，这不是对你的价值或智力的判断。那个人只是和你的看法不一样。)可知B项：Take pride in your opinions and ideas.(你要以自己的建议和想法而自豪)符合文意，故选B。 【20题详解】 根据本段标题Set goals(制定目标。)，再根据空格下文Then make a plan for how to do it.(然后制定一个怎样做它的计划。)可知，C项Think about what you’d like to achieve.(你要考虑好你想实现什么目标。)符合本段文意，故选C。 【点睛】“尤其代词不可放”是说：在填空处的前后语境中出现的一些代词it/they/them等不可忽视。有这样一道题：”They can be rich resources to improve your knowledge.”我接着就问学生“该选项中凭空多出一个代词they，这说明什么问题？”学生回答：“代词是起替代作用的，一定是前文出现的事物被they替代了，找到被替代的名词就可以了。”结果往文中一找，前面的语境是“Volunteering brings together all kinds of people.”。这下同学们就明白了，原来they替代的就是前文的all kinds of people短语。这样的现象在七选五中是很多见了，能帮助大家解决不少难题。比如第4小题，根据下文：不要害怕把它们说出来。如果有人不同意，这并不是对你的价值和才智的判断。可知你要以自己的建议和想法而自豪。空后的them指代的就是“自己的建议和想法”，故选B。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A new week began. Marcus entered the school. ____21____, he cried out, “What happened to the stadium?” Someone had painted faces on the stadium wall! All students were whispering with ____22____ about the graffiti. Possible explanations spread like wildfire around the school. Later, when Brian cleaned the blackboard, Marcus suddenly ____23____ the paint on his hands. He ____24____ that it was Brian who did it. After school, Marcus followed Brian and wanted to see what he was doing. When Brian opened his locker, Marcus saw small cans of paint! He decided to ____25____ it to Mr Johnson. The next morning, Brian was called to the principal’s office. The moment Mr Johnson ____26____ asked about the graffiti, Brian cried. ___27___ , Brian explained that he liked to paint, but he couldn’t join the art club because he had to go ____28____ home after school to babysit his little brother. “I’m sorry. I’ll clean the stadium.” he sobbed. Though angry at first, Mr Johnson began to soften as he realized how ____29____ Brian was. “Brian, painting graffiti on school walls is a very serious matter. Of course you should clean and ____30____ the wall.” Mr Johnson paused, “ ____31____ I must say, those paintings are quite good. Did you do it alone?” Brian nodded, “Yes. I’m good at painting.” Mr Johnson thought for a moment before making a(n) ____32____. “Well,” he said, “some teachers suggested that we hire a local artist to paint our school mascot on the school wall. Would you like to participate in that?” “Really?” Brian hesitated, ____33____ to believe it. “Yes, but it’s hard work, and we can consider it part of your ____34____,” Mr. Johnson said, trying to hide his ____35____ as he picked up the phone. 21. A. Gradually B. Generally C. Usually D. Suddenly 22. A. curiosity B. disappointment C. fear D. relief 23. A. spotted B. desired C. signaled D. reflected 24. A. illustrated B. thought C. complained D. rejected 25. A. make B. report C. describe D. retell 26. A. hesitantly B. patiently C. directly D. sympathetically 27. A. Ashamed B. Surprised C. Excited D. Satisfied 28. A. slowly B. late C. deliberately D. right 29. A. fortunate B. sad C. relaxed D. terrible 30. A. repaint B. hide C. build D. repair 31. A. And B. So C. Or D. But 32. A. promise B. choice C. decision D. appointment 33. A. unable B. unwilling C. unlikely D. unhappy 34. A. responsibility B. talent C. devotion D. punishment 35. A. regret B. anger C. smile D. pride 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了校园出现涂鸦引发众人议论，一名学生锁定可疑同学并上报校长，校长知晓背后缘由后，没有一味追责，而是给出合理途径释放少年绘画热爱的温情故事。 【21题详解】 考查副词。句意：他突然大喊：“体育场怎么了？”A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Generally大体上；C. Usually通常；D. Suddenly突然。根据下文“he cried out”以及“Someone had painted faces on the stadium wall!”可知，他看到体育场涂鸦立刻惊呼，说明这件事来得十分突然。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：所有学生都带着好奇低声议论这幅涂鸦。A. curiosity好奇；B. disappointment失望；C. fear害怕；D. relief宽慰。根据下文“Possible explanations spread like wildfire around the school.”可知，全校都在流传各种猜测，此处是指学生们内心充满好奇。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：后来布莱恩擦黑板时，马库斯突然注意到他手上的颜料。A. spotted看见；发现；B. desired渴望；C. signaled示意；D. reflected反射。根据下文“it was Brian who did it”可推知，Marcus认为体育场涂鸦是Brian干的是因为发现了他手上有颜料。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：他认定是布莱恩干的。A. illustrated说明；B. thought认为；C. complained抱怨；D. rejected拒绝。根据上文“the paint on his hands”以及下文“it was Brian who did it”可知，Marcus看到颜料后，内心认为涂鸦是Brian做的。 【25题详解】 考查动词。句意：他决定把这件事报告给约翰逊老师。A. make制作；B. report报告；C. describe描述；D. retell复述。根据下文“Brian was called to the principal’s office”可知，Brian被叫去校长办公室，说明Marcus把事情上报了。 【26题详解】 考查副词。句意：约翰逊校长一上来直接问起涂鸦的事，布莱恩就哭了。A. hesitantly犹豫地；B. patiently耐心地；C. directly直接地；D. sympathetically同情地。根据下文“asked about the graffiti, Brian cried”可推知，此处是指校长没有迂回，开门见山询问涂鸦，Brian瞬间崩溃落泪。 【27题详解】 考查形容词。句意：羞愧之下，布莱恩解释自己热爱绘画，但放学后要回家照看弟弟，没法参加美术社团。A. Ashamed羞愧的；B. Surprised惊讶的；C. Excited激动的；D. Satisfied满意的。根据下文“I’m sorry. I’ll clean the stadium.”可知，Brian自知犯错，不停道歉抽泣，内心感到羞愧。 【28题详解】 考查副词。句意：但放学后他必须直接回家照看年幼的弟弟。A. slowly缓慢；B. late迟；C. deliberately故意；D. right立即。根据下文“babysit his little brother”可推知，他放学没有空余时间，必须马上回家照顾弟弟。 【29题详解】 考查形容词。句意：起初约翰逊校长很生气，但了解到布莱恩的处境后心软了，意识到他十分可怜。A. fortunate幸运的；B. sad伤心的；不幸的；可怜的；C. relaxed放松的；D. terrible糟糕的。根据上文“Brian explained that he liked to paint, but he couldn’t join the art club”可知，Brian有绘画爱好却没能施展，校长心生同情，觉得他处境可怜。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：你当然需要清理并重新粉刷这面墙。A. repaint重绘；B. hide隐藏；C. build建造；D. repair修复。根据上文“Someone had painted faces on the stadium wall”可知，墙面被乱涂乱画后，清除这些涂鸦后需要重新粉刷墙面恢复原貌。 【31题详解】 考查连词。句意：校长顿了顿：“但我必须承认，那些画其实很不错，是你一个人画的吗？”A. And并且；B. So因此；C. Or或者；D. But但是。根据上文“painting graffiti on school walls is a very serious matter”以及下文“those paintings are quite good”可知，上文说涂鸦是严重过错，下文夸赞画作，前后语义转折。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：约翰逊校长思索片刻后做出了一个决定。A. promise承诺；B. choice选择；C. decision决定；D. appointment约定。根据下文“some teachers suggested that we hire a local artist to paint our school mascot on the school wall. Would you like to participate in that?”可知，校长思考后提出让他合法作画，此处是指“做决定”。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：“真的吗？” 布莱恩迟疑着，不敢相信这件事。A. unable不能的；B. unwilling不情愿的；C. unlikely不大可能的；D. unhappy不开心的。根据上文““Really?” Brian hesitated”可知，Brian犯了错却能获得这样的作画机会，难以置信。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：是真的，但工作量很大，我们可以把它算作你的惩罚。A. responsibility责任；B. talent天赋；C. devotion奉献；D. punishment惩罚。根据上文“painting graffiti on school walls is a very serious matter”可知，他乱涂墙面犯了错，这份劳作是作为对他的惩罚。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：校长一边拿起电话，一边努力藏起自己的笑意。A. regret懊悔；B. anger怒火；C. smile笑容；D. pride骄傲。根据上文“those paintings are quite good”以及“some teachers suggested that we hire a local artist”可知，校长欣赏他的绘画能力，也不用雇佣外人，想到这个两全其美的办法内心欣喜，忍不住想笑。 第二节 语法填空（共10个小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Xiangqi is also called Chinese chess or elephant chess. It is ____36____ board game for two players. It is one of the most popular recreational ____37____ (form) in China. And it’s in the same family of games as Western chess, Indian chess, etc. Xiangqi is also a popular activity in Vietnam, ____38____ it’s known as cờ tướng. The game represents a battle between two armies, ____39____ the aim of catching the enemy’s general. Its features include rules like ____40____ (forbid) the generals from facing each other directly. Although Xiangqi originated in Asia, there are Xiangqi leagues (联盟) and clubs worldwide. Each European nation ____41____ (general) has its own governing league. For example, in Britain, Xiangqi ____42____ (regulate) by the United Kingdom Chinese Chess Association. Xiangqi is ____43____ (value) cultural heritage of China. It shows the ____44____ (intelligent) of ancient Chinese people. And playing chess is also helpful in strengthening one’s character. ____45____ (invent) in ancient China, today Xiangqi and Go are widely accepted all over the world. 【答案】36. a 37. forms 38. where 39. with 40. forbidding 41. generally 42. is regulated 43. valuable 44. intelligence 45. Invented 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了中国象棋的基本玩法、国际影响、管理机构及其作为中国文化瑰宝的价值。 【36题详解】 考查冠词。句意：它是一种双人棋盘游戏。game为可数名词单数，此处表示“一种棋盘游戏”，泛指，且board发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。 【37题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：它是中国最受欢迎的娱乐形式之一。form(形式)是可数名词，构成“one of + 形容词最高级+复数名词”结构，应用复数形式。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：中国象棋在越南也是一项受欢迎的活动，在那里它被称为cờ tướng。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Vietnam(指地点)，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：这个游戏代表了两军之间的战斗，目标是俘获对方的将帅。with在此处表示“具有，带有”，构成with the aim of结构，意为“以……为目标”。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：其特点包括禁止将帅直接面对面的规则。like在此处为介词，意为“例如，像”，后接动名词作宾语；forbid的动名词形式为forbidding。 【41题详解】 考查副词。句意：每个欧洲国家通常都有自己的管理联盟。提示词general(通常的)在句中修饰动词has，应用副词形式generally(通常地)作状语。 【42题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：例如，在英国，中国象棋由英国中国象棋协会管理。regulate(管理)是谓语动词，与主语Xiangqi之间是被动关系；句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语是专有名词，谓语用单数形式is regulated。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：中国象棋是中国的宝贵文化遗产。提示词value(价值)在句中修饰名词cultural heritage，应用形容词形式valuable(宝贵的)作定语。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：它展示了中国古代人民的智慧。定冠词the后应接名词，提示词intelligent(聪明的)的名词形式为intelligence(智慧)，作宾语。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：发明于中国古代，如今中国象棋和围棋在全世界被广泛接受。此处作状语，invent(发明)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语Xiangqi and Go之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动；句首单词首字母大写。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作（满分15分） 46. 如今越来越多的年轻人希望通过拍摄短视频成为网络红人。上周五你校英语俱乐部就此现象展开讨论。请根据下表提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文，介绍大家对此现象的看法，并阐述自己的看法。 赞成的理由 1．展示自我； 2．找到自信；…… 反对的理由 1．沉迷网络； 2．让人觉得不通过努力就可以成功。 你的看法 注意：1．词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 拍短视频：make short-form mobile videos 网络红人：an internet celebrity _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文： Nowadays, more and more youngsters hope to become an Internet celebrity by making short-form mobile videos. Last Friday our English club had a debate on the topic. Some students in favour of the idea thought youngsters could show their talents by making the videos. Besides, they believed it could help them gain more confidence. On the contrary, others argued that it might lead the youth to be addicted to the Internet. What's worse, some young people might feel that success could come from luck but not hard work. Personally, I'm in favour of the first view. As long as we use the Internet properly, its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生就“越来越多年轻人希望通过拍摄短视频成为网络红人”这一现象，介绍英语俱乐部讨论中大家的不同看法，并阐述自己的观点。 【详解】1.词汇积累 展示：show → display 沉迷：be addicted to → be obsessed with 相反地：on the contrary → conversely 个人认为：personally → as far as I'm concerned 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Nowadays, more and more youngsters hope to become an Internet celebrity by making short-form mobile videos. 拓展句：Nowadays, as more and more youngsters want to become an Internet celebrity, they create short-form mobile videos. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Some students in favour of the idea thought youngsters could show their talents by making the videos.（运用了动名词作宾语） 【高分句型2】As long as we use the Internet properly, its advantages outweigh its disadvantages.（运用了as long as引导的条件状语从句） 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was raining heavily and I stopped at the Swindon services (服务区) on my way back to London. As I drove up the slip road, I spotted a man with a backpack and his thumb (拇指) out. I pulled over and lowered the window. “Which way are you heading?” I asked. “I’m going back to London.” came his immediate reply. He opened the door and lifted his backpack on to the back seat. “I’m Brendan,” said he with an easy smile and a rich Irish (爱尔兰) tongue. “I was getting a bit desperate. I’ve had my thumb out for a day and a half. Nobody seems to stop these days.” “I haven’t eaten for days,” said Brendan. “I'm trying to get home.” I’ve always enjoyed picking up hitchhikers (搭便车的人). I used to be a motoring journalist and crossed the country in various test cars. Picking up a hiker always made me feel a little less guilty about all the miles I was doing. As we headed east along the motorway, Brendan told me how he came to be waiting for a lift on that particular evening, and also about the tragedy (悲剧) that had ruined him and pushed him out of his original life and on to the road. Brendan told me that he was 52. He loved travelling a lot and enjoyed his single lifestyle. But his peaceful life was interrupted when he was mugged (抢劫) last week. “Three young men in Birmingham robbed me of another pack with all my money and my cellphone inside. I’ve been sleeping out since then. I haven’t eaten for days. I’m hoping to get some casual work in London, so I can then get myself home to Ireland.” It must have been the concept of home that struck me, and helping a man who’d clearly had a tough time seemed like the right thing to do. Para 1: As we were approaching the Heathrow turn-off (希思罗机场岔道), I had an idea. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Para 2: Before he left to buy his air ticket, he gave me a huge hug. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文： As we were approaching the Heathrow turn-off, I had an idea. It dawned on me that I could afford him money to purchase a ticket to Ireland. At the thought of this, I hastened to pour out the fantastic idea. My words caught Brendan off guard, who was dumbfounded. With disbelief and gratitude on his face, he bit his lips, trying to hold back tears. “Thank you.” he said in a choked voice. I pulled out into the airport highway, soon dropped him off outside the terminal building and gave him some money. Before he left to buy his air ticket, he gave me a huge hug. Meanwhile, he promised me that he would pay me back. I hugged him back and expressed what I expected from him, which was spreading the kindness instead of repaying me. Brendan said my generosity reignited his faith in life and he would continue my chain of kindness. Having bid farewell to me, he blended into the crowd, which was a scene filling me with fulfillment and contentment. Rose given, fragrance in hand. Heavy as the rain was, I felt warm in my heart was on my way to London again. 【解析】 【导语】本文以雨天高速顺路搭载落难搭车人为线索展开，讲述了作者雨天在服务区偶遇遭抢劫、身无分文、徒步想前往伦敦打工返乡的爱尔兰人Brendan，一路倾听他的悲惨遭遇后，心生善念出资帮他购买返乡爱尔兰机票，二人传递善意、收获温暖的故事。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容可知，第一段可描写作者突然想到出钱帮Brendan买返乡机票，告知想法后Brendan震惊错愕，强忍泪水满是难以置信与感激，随后作者驱车送他抵达机场航站楼并递给他现金。 ②由第二段首句内容可知，第二段可描写Brendan紧紧拥抱作者，承诺日后还钱，而作者只希望他将这份善意传递下去；Brendan深受触动，承诺延续善意，告别走入人群，大雨中作者内心满是充实温暖。 2. 续写线索： 心生善念——告知购票计划——Brendan震惊动容——驱车送至机场、交付现金——临别深情拥抱——作者嘱其传递善意——男子承诺延续温暖——作者内心倍感充实 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①某人突然想到：It dawned on sb. that... / It occurred to sb. that... / It struck sb. that... ②拥抱：hug / embrace 情绪类 ①震惊茫然的：dumbfounded / astonished and bewildered / be taken aback ②心里暖暖的：felt warm in one’s heart / a sense of warmth welled up inside sb. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I hugged him back and expressed what I expected from him, which was spreading the kindness instead of repaying me. (运用了what引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】Heavy as the rain was, I felt warm in my heart was on my way to London again. (运用了as引导的让步状语从句和部分倒装句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2023-2024学年度2023级（高一）期末考试 英语试题 试卷满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上，第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分；满分7.5分） 听下面3段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What has Eric been given for his birthday? A．A book. B．A diary. C．An album. 2．Where does the conversation most likely take place? A．At a shopping mall. B．At a bus stop. C．In a bank. 3．When will Tom get his book bag? A．Today. B．Tomorrow. C．The day after tomorrow. 4．How is the weather now? A．Rainy. B．Cloudy. C．Sunny. 5．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．How the woman caught the sun. B．When the woman went sailing. C．Where the woman had a holiday. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分；满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．Who could the man probably be? A．A teacher. B．A receptionist. C．A tourist guide. 7．When does the woman suggest visiting the center? A．On Tuesdays. B．On Wednesdays. C．On Thursdays. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．What is the speakers' destination? A．The markets. B．The water gardens. C．The ancient district. 9．Who is the woman going to get a present for? A．Her dad. B．Her mum. C．Her sister. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．What did the woman just do? A．She rushed for the train. B．She got off the train. C．She came back from town. 11．What caused the woman trouble? A．Her coat. B．Her high-heeled shoes. C．Her sports shoes. 12．Which word can best describe the woman? A．Disorganized. B．Reliable. C．Determined. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．What is Wendy's opinion about the menu? A．It's complicated. B．It's attractive. C．It's traditional. 14．Who will do the deliveries first? A．Wendy. B．Mark. C．Ben. 15．What did the man do? A．He ordered more packaging. B．He arranged the schedule. C．He hired more people. 16．What will Wendy do next? A．Plan some promotions. B．Contact repeat customers. C．Make changes to the website. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．When did the speaker decide to be a mechanic? A．After he finished school. B．When he got qualifications. C．As he was a child. 18．Why did the speaker leave his town? A．To learn new skills. B．To become an adventurer. C．To experience new things. 19．What did the speaker think of the job on the ship at first? A．Enjoyable. B．Satisfying. C．Tough. 20．What did the speaker do after his experience on the ship? A．He went travelling. B．He set up his own business. C．He completed some training. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 A Literary festivals are held annually in many corners of the globe and attract large numbers of readers, writers, playwrights (剧作家) and publishers. Miami Book Fair For eight days each year in November, the campus of Miami Dade College hosts over 500 outstanding authors during the Miami Book Fair. The fair offers young writers a unique opportunity to attend creative writing courses and workshops. Readers can listen to famous international authors talk about their latest books. Most of the events are offered free of charge to encourage a love of literature across all income groups. Cheltenham Literature Festival The festival runs for 10 days every autumn in Cheltenham. It’s the world’s first literature festival, leading the way in celebrating the writ- ten and spoken word. The fair offers something to everyone-you can attend reading activities and debates, and bring your children to see their favorite storybook characters brought to life. Paraty International Literary Festival It’s held each year in the city of Paraty, Brazil. Visitors can meet many local and international authors, poets and playwrights, and attend literature workshops. As part of the festival, Flipinha is mainly for children where young readers can meet writers and relax with a book in a special space. A further arm of the festival is called FlipMais. A series of free events about live theatre, music and cinema are held throughout the city of Paraty. Edinburgh International Book Festival The festival lasts for over 16 days every August and usually features around 900 events where you can meet your favorite authors, and bring your children to attend magical story-telling sessions and special workshops for children with learning disabilities. In most years, the festival attracts over 1,000 authors, poets and educators. 1. What can young writers do at Miami Book Fair? A. Enjoy wonderful live shows. B. Get the latest books for free. C. Develop their writing skills. D. Receive training in public speaking. 2. What’s special about Paraty International Literary Festival? A. It includes different forms of art. B. It organizes a debate for writers and readers. C. It gives children a chance to make up stories. D. It allows readers to offer writers suggestions directly. 3. Which festival is the most helpful to kids with poor school performance? A. Miami Book Fair. B. Cheltenham Literature Festival. C. Paraty International Literary Festival. D. Edinburgh International Book Festival. B Two high school students have identified four new planets in distant space about 200 light years from Earth, making them “the youngest astronomers” to make such a discovery. Kartik Pingle, 16, and Jasmine Wright, 18, who both attend schools in Massachusetts, participated in the Student Research Mentoring Program (SRMP). With the help of Tansu Daylan, an MIT doctor for Astrophysics and Space Research, the students studied and analyzed data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Together they focused on Tess Object of Interest (TOI) 1233, a nearby, bright sun-like star and here they found four planets rotating (旋转) around the star. “We were looking to see changes in light over time,” Pingle explained, “the idea is that if the planet transits the star, or passes in front of it, it would periodically cover up the star and decrease its brightness.” While studying 1233, Pingle and Wright had at least hoped to find one planet, but were overwhelmed with joy when a total of four were spotted. “I was very excited and very shocked.” Wright said. “We knew this was the goal of Daylan’s research, but to actually find a multi-planetary system, and be part of the discovering team, was really cool.” Three of the newly discovered planets are considered as “sub-Neptunes”, which are gaseous (气态的), but smaller than the Neptune that lives in our solar system. While observing the planets, the team determined each one completes their orbit around 1233 every six to 19.5 days. However, the fourth planet is labeled a “super-Earth” for its large size and rockiness — this one orbits around the star in just under four days. “We have long been studying planets beyond our solar system and with multi-planetary systems, the two young students are kind of hitting the jackpot. They are really blessed.” Daylan said. “The planets originated from the same disk of matter around the same star, but they ended up being different planets with different atmospheres and different climates due to their different orbits. So, we would like to understand the fundamental processes of planet formation and evolution using this planetary system.” Daylan added that it was a “win-win” to work with Pingle and Wright on the study. “As a researcher, I really enjoy interacting with young brains that are open to experimentation and learning and have minimal bias.” he said, “I also think it is very beneficial to high school students, since they get exposure to cutting-edge research and this prepares them quickly for a research career.” 4. How did the two students identify the four planets? A. By helping professor Tansu Daylan with the data. B. By analyzing the change of brightness of star 1233. C. By studying Neptune that lives in our solar system. D. By interacting with other young talented brains. 5. What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A. The features of the newly-discovered planets. B. The great efforts made by the two students. C. The comparison between the two star systems. D. The significance of the discovery of the planet. 6. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “hitting the jackpot” in paragraph 5? A. Making a discovery difficultly. B. Achieving the goal easily. C. Succeeding in something luckily. D. Performing a task carefully. 7. According to the article, what benefits does the study bring? A. It allows the scientists to work with young people without prejudice. B. It equips future astronomers with better researching capabilities. C. It provides more perspectives and thus boosts more discoveries. D. It arouses students’ interest in exploring the unknown universe. C Just as a hungry brain craves (渴望) food, a lonely brain craves people. A new brain study demonstrates this. After being left alone, it shows people's brains would be activated at the sight of other people. The action was in the same brain region that speeds up when a hungry person sees food. Livia Tomova, a neuroscientist, who studies how the brain produces mental activities, and her colleagues began this study. They recruited (招募) 40 people. On one day, the participants had to fast—not eat anything at all—for 10 hours. On another day, the same people were placed in a room for 10 hours. They couldn't see anyone. No friends, no family and no social media. They weren't even allowed to check their email. After both days, Tomova and her colleagues put the people in a MRI machine. It shows activity in the brain by tracking how much blood is flowing to each region. At the end of each day, the participants showed high activity in a brain area called the midbrain. The scientists were interested in two, small areas within it. Both areas produce dopamine, a chemical that is important in craving and rewards. The two areas activated when hungry participants saw pictures of tasty pizza or juicy hamburgers. After the volunteers had been isolated, those brain areas became active when they saw social activities they missed. It might be playing sports or chatting with friends. The midbrain plays an important part in people's motivation to seek food or friends. In fact, it responds to food and social signals even when people aren't hungry or lonely. But hunger and loneliness increased the reactions and made people's responses specific to the thing they were missing. And the more hunger or isolation the volunteers said they were experiencing, the stronger the activity in this part of the brain. Tomova and her colleagues published their results November 23 in Nature Neuroscience. 8. How does Tomova test out the result of the study? A. By stimulating desire. B. By controlling blood flow. C. By monitoring brain activity. D. By examining mental activities. 9. What do we know about midbrain? A. It consists of two areas. B. It helps motivate desire for food. C. It stops working when people are full. D. It decreases responses to lost friends. 10. What does the underlined “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. A midbrain area. B. A social activity. C. A volunteer. D. A hamburger. 11. What can be the best title for the text? A. Dopamine—a Sure Sign of Age B. Midbrain—a Nest for the Thoughts C. Hunger Makes Mental Health Struggle D. Loneliness Makes Our Brains Need People D China's war on garbage is as digitally savvy (精通的) as the country itself. Think QR codes attached to garbage bags that allow a government to trace exactly where its garbage comes from. On July 1, Shanghai began a compulsory garbage-sorting program. Under the new regulations, households and companies must classify wastes into tour categories and put them in designated places at certain times. Violators (违反者) will be fined. Companies and properties that don't obey risk having their credit rating lowered. The strict management became the talk of the city's more than 24 million residents, who criticized the program's inflexibility and confusing waste categorization. Gratefully, China's tech start-ups are here to help. China's biggest Internet companies responded with new search features that help people identify tour wastes. For example, are lithium (锂) batteries hazardous (有害的) or recyclable waste? Not even the most environmentally conscious person can get all answers right. Now people just need to simply pull up a mini app to solve it. One payment platform, claims its garbage-sorting mini app added one million users in just three days and has so far indexed more than 4,000 types of rubbish. Soon it will save people from typing by using image recognition to classify garbage when they shoot a photo of it. Some apps can already answer the question “What kind of garbage is a wet wipe?” and more. If people are too busy or lazy, startups are offering valet (服侍) garbage service at the doorstep. A third-party developer built a recycling mini app and is now collecting garbage from 8,000 apartment complexes across 11 cities. Some companies' food delivery arm has added garbage pickup to its list of valet services. Besides, companies are building software to make property managers' lives easier. Each household is asked to attach a unique QR code to garbage bags, which will be scanned for sources and classification. 12. What can we know based on the new regulations? A. Residents throw wastes freely. B. Families just need to classify wastes. C. People against rules can face punishment. D. Companies that break the rules will be closed down. 13. What is the citizens' attitude to the new regulations? A. Annoyed. B. Optimistic. C. Unconcerned. D. Supportive. 14. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Some companies have no valet services. B. Some payment platforms build a recycling mini app on their own. C. QR code helps to trace the origin of garbage. D. Tmall Genie can use image recognition to classify garbage. 15. In which section of a newspaper would you probably read the text? A. Environment Issues. B. Regulations for Residents C. Do-it-Yourself. D. Community Service. 第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Over time, habits of negative thinking about ourselves can lower self-esteem (自尊). So if you want to feel better about yourself, try some of these things: ___16___ Are you so used to focusing on your problems that they’re all you see? Next time you find yourself trapped in problems or disappointment with yourself or your day, find something positive to deal with it. Each day, write down three good things about yourself, or three things that went smoothly that day because of your action or effort. Aim for effort rather than perfection. Some people get held back by their own pressure to be perfect. They lose out because they don’t try. Usually, you may think, “I won’t audition (试镜) for the play because I probably won’t get the lead.” ___17___ Remind yourself that everyone is good at different things. ___18___ Thinking more like this: “She’s a great basketball player — but the truth is, I’m a better musician than athlete. Still, I’ll keep playing because I enjoy it.” It helps you accept yourself and make the best of the situation. ___19___ Don’t be afraid to voice them. If someone disagrees, it’s not a judgment on your worth or your intelligence. That person just sees things differently from you. Set goals. ___20___ Then make a plan for how to do it. Stick with your plan, and keep track of your progress. A. Focus on what goes well for you. B. Take pride in your opinions and ideas. C. Think about what you’d like to achieve. D. It’s certain that the role will go to someone else. E. Recognize what you can change and what you can’t. F. Train your inner voice to remind you of what you are accomplishing. G. Cheer on others for their success and keep in mind what you do well. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A new week began. Marcus entered the school. ____21____, he cried out, “What happened to the stadium?” Someone had painted faces on the stadium wall! All students were whispering with ____22____ about the graffiti. Possible explanations spread like wildfire around the school. Later, when Brian cleaned the blackboard, Marcus suddenly ____23____ the paint on his hands. He ____24____ that it was Brian who did it. After school, Marcus followed Brian and wanted to see what he was doing. When Brian opened his locker, Marcus saw small cans of paint! He decided to ____25____ it to Mr Johnson. The next morning, Brian was called to the principal’s office. The moment Mr Johnson ____26____ asked about the graffiti, Brian cried. ___27___ , Brian explained that he liked to paint, but he couldn’t join the art club because he had to go ____28____ home after school to babysit his little brother. “I’m sorry. I’ll clean the stadium.” he sobbed. Though angry at first, Mr Johnson began to soften as he realized how ____29____ Brian was. “Brian, painting graffiti on school walls is a very serious matter. Of course you should clean and ____30____ the wall.” Mr Johnson paused, “ ____31____ I must say, those paintings are quite good. Did you do it alone?” Brian nodded, “Yes. I’m good at painting.” Mr Johnson thought for a moment before making a(n) ____32____. “Well,” he said, “some teachers suggested that we hire a local artist to paint our school mascot on the school wall. Would you like to participate in that?” “Really?” Brian hesitated, ____33____ to believe it. “Yes, but it’s hard work, and we can consider it part of your ____34____,” Mr. Johnson said, trying to hide his ____35____ as he picked up the phone. 21. A. Gradually B. Generally C. Usually D. Suddenly 22. A. curiosity B. disappointment C. fear D. relief 23. A. spotted B. desired C. signaled D. reflected 24. A. illustrated B. thought C. complained D. rejected 25. A. make B. report C. describe D. retell 26. A. hesitantly B. patiently C. directly D. sympathetically 27. A. Ashamed B. Surprised C. Excited D. Satisfied 28. A. slowly B. late C. deliberately D. right 29. A. fortunate B. sad C. relaxed D. terrible 30. A. repaint B. hide C. build D. repair 31. A. And B. So C. Or D. But 32. A. promise B. choice C. decision D. appointment 33. A. unable B. unwilling C. unlikely D. unhappy 34. A. responsibility B. talent C. devotion D. punishment 35. A. regret B. anger C. smile D. pride 第二节 语法填空（共10个小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Xiangqi is also called Chinese chess or elephant chess. It is ____36____ board game for two players. It is one of the most popular recreational ____37____ (form) in China. And it’s in the same family of games as Western chess, Indian chess, etc. Xiangqi is also a popular activity in Vietnam, ____38____ it’s known as cờ tướng. The game represents a battle between two armies, ____39____ the aim of catching the enemy’s general. Its features include rules like ____40____ (forbid) the generals from facing each other directly. Although Xiangqi originated in Asia, there are Xiangqi leagues (联盟) and clubs worldwide. Each European nation ____41____ (general) has its own governing league. For example, in Britain, Xiangqi ____42____ (regulate) by the United Kingdom Chinese Chess Association. Xiangqi is ____43____ (value) cultural heritage of China. It shows the ____44____ (intelligent) of ancient Chinese people. And playing chess is also helpful in strengthening one’s character. ____45____ (invent) in ancient China, today Xiangqi and Go are widely accepted all over the world. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作（满分15分） 46. 如今越来越多的年轻人希望通过拍摄短视频成为网络红人。上周五你校英语俱乐部就此现象展开讨论。请根据下表提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文，介绍大家对此现象的看法，并阐述自己的看法。 赞成的理由 1．展示自我； 2．找到自信；…… 反对的理由 1．沉迷网络； 2．让人觉得不通过努力就可以成功。 你的看法 注意：1．词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 拍短视频：make short-form mobile videos 网络红人：an internet celebrity _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was raining heavily and I stopped at the Swindon services (服务区) on my way back to London. As I drove up the slip road, I spotted a man with a backpack and his thumb (拇指) out. I pulled over and lowered the window. “Which way are you heading?” I asked. “I’m going back to London.” came his immediate reply. He opened the door and lifted his backpack on to the back seat. “I’m Brendan,” said he with an easy smile and a rich Irish (爱尔兰) tongue. “I was getting a bit desperate. I’ve had my thumb out for a day and a half. Nobody seems to stop these days.” “I haven’t eaten for days,” said Brendan. “I'm trying to get home.” I’ve always enjoyed picking up hitchhikers (搭便车的人). I used to be a motoring journalist and crossed the country in various test cars. Picking up a hiker always made me feel a little less guilty about all the miles I was doing. As we headed east along the motorway, Brendan told me how he came to be waiting for a lift on that particular evening, and also about the tragedy (悲剧) that had ruined him and pushed him out of his original life and on to the road. Brendan told me that he was 52. He loved travelling a lot and enjoyed his single lifestyle. But his peaceful life was interrupted when he was mugged (抢劫) last week. “Three young men in Birmingham robbed me of another pack with all my money and my cellphone inside. I’ve been sleeping out since then. I haven’t eaten for days. I’m hoping to get some casual work in London, so I can then get myself home to Ireland.” It must have been the concept of home that struck me, and helping a man who’d clearly had a tough time seemed like the right thing to do. Para 1: As we were approaching the Heathrow turn-off (希思罗机场岔道), I had an idea. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Para 2: Before he left to buy his air ticket, he gave me a huge hug. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $