摘要:
该初中英语讲义以“功能语法+情景应用”为主线构建Starter Unit 2知识体系,通过知识框架图将八大核心语法点(如have表“拥有”、单复数be动词搭配等)按“句型结构-用法说明-课本原例-拓展应用”层级呈现,清晰标注重难点如“a pair of主谓一致”“方位介词区分”的内在逻辑。
讲义亮点在于“课本原例+分层练习”的设计,如单复数be动词模块通过“ What colour/Where”句型对比题(例:What colour ______ the bike? It ______ black)强化语言能力,祈使句结合“整理收纳”情景培养思维品质。每个语法点配易错提醒(如物主代词不可单独使用),助力基础学生掌握规范表达,教师可依托例题实施精准复习指导。
内容正文:
Starter Unit 2 Keep Tidy! 核心语法精讲(配套课本例句)
· 语法一:have 表示“拥有”(询问/回答有什么物品)
1. 句型结构
问句:What do you have in your schoolbag?
你书包里有什么?
答句:I have + 物品. 我有……
2. 用法说明
have 意为“拥有”,主语是 I / you / 复数人名时,直接用原形 have;
后面可接单数名词(a/an+物品)或复数名词。
3. 课本原例
A: What do you have in your schoolbag?
B: I have a bottle.
A: I have a cap. What do you have in your schoolbag?
4. 拓展例句
(1)—What do you have?
—I have a new pencil.
(2)—What do you have in your room?
—I have some books.
· 语法二:单数/复数名词搭配 be 动词 is / are(本单元核心)
1. 配对规则
(1)单数物品 / 不可数名词 + is
It’s = It is
(2)复数物品(s/es结尾)+ are
They’re = They are
2. 三大高频句型(课本全覆盖)
(1)询问颜色 What colour
① 单数:What colour is it? It’s + 颜色.
例:What colour is the cap? It’s red.
② 复数:What colour are they? They’re + 颜色.
例:What colour are the trousers? They’re brown.
(2)询问位置 Where
① 单数:Where is it? It’s in/on/under + 地点.
例:Where is the cap? It’s under your desk.
② 复数:Where are they? They’re in/on/under + 地点.
例:Where are my glasses? They’re on your head.
(3)一般疑问句(猜物品游戏)
① 单数:Is it a ruler? 它是一把尺子吗?
② 复数:Are they books? 它们是书吗?
3. 课本原文例句
(1) Ella: What colour is it? Mum: It’s red.
(2)Dad: What colour are they, Dad? Emma: They’re brown.
(3)Mum: Is it in your schoolbag? Ella: No, it isn’t.
(4)Dad: Do you see them, Emma? They’re on your head!
4. 练习题
(1)What colour ______ the bike? It ______ black. (is / are)
(2)Where ______ my socks? They ______ under the bed. (is / are)
· 语法三:方位介词 in / on / under
1. 词义区分
(1)in /ɪn/ prep. 在……里面
a schoolbag is in the desk 书包在书桌里
(2)on /ɒn/ prep. 在……上面(物体表面接触)
They’re on your head. 它们在你头上
(3)under /ˈʌndə(r)/ prep. 在……下面
It’s under your desk. 它在你的书桌底下
2. 固定句式
It’s / They’re + 介词 + 地点名词
3. 课本例句
(1) Some books are in the box.
(2)A pair of socks is on the bed.
(3)It’s under your desk.
4. 例题
—Where is my pencil?
—It’s in your schoolbag.
· 语法四:a pair of 成对名词(裤子、袜子、眼镜必用)
1. 核心规则
trousers, socks, glasses 永远是复数,不能单独用 a/an,必须搭配 a pair of(一双/一条/一副)
a pair of trousers 一条裤子
a pair of socks 一双短袜
a pair of glasses 一副眼镜
2. 主谓一致考点
a pair of + 复数名词 → 整体单数,用 is
Two pairs of + 复数名词 → 复数,用 are
3. 课本例句
Emma’s dad has a pair of new glasses.
A pair of socks is on the bed.
4. 例题
A pair of shoes ______ under the chair. (is / are)
语法五:人称代词主格 they & 宾格 them
1. 区分用法
(1)they /ðeɪ/ 主格,放在动词前作主语(它们)
They’re brown. 它们是棕色的。
(2)them /ðəm/ 宾格,放在动词/介词后作宾语(它们)
I can’t find them. 我找不到它们了。
2. 课本原句
(1)Dad: I can’t find my new glasses. Do you see them?
(2)They’re brown. They’re on your head!
3. 例题
I have new shoes. ______ are black. I like ______. (they / them)
· 语法六:形容词性物主代词 her / your
1. 用法:后面必须加物品名词,表示“……的”
your cap 你的帽子
her glasses 她的眼镜
2. 课本例句
It’s under your desk.
They’re on your head.
3. 易错提醒
不能单独使用,不能说 “Your is red.”
正确:Your cap is red.
4. 例题
______ pencil is yellow. ______ schoolbag is blue. (your / her)
· 语法七:祈使句(表要求、整理收纳)
1. 结构:动词原形开头,表命令、提醒
(1)Keep your room tidy. 保持你的房间整洁。
(2)Put your books in the schoolbag. 把你的书放进书包。
2. 课本原句
You need to keep your room tidy.
3. 例题
______ your desk tidy. (Keep / Keeps)
· 语法八:情景交际问答固定搭配
1. 道谢与回应
—Thank you!
—You’re welcome. 不用客气。
2. 道歉与回应
—Sorry.
—It’s OK. 没关系。
3. 等待短句
Wait a minute. 稍等一下。
4. 发现物品
Here it is.(单数)/ Here they are.(复数)它/它们在这儿。
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