Unit 1 Time to Relax 动词不定式作状语和宾语补足语（核心语法精练）英语新教材鲁教版（五四学制）八年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦动词不定式作状语和宾补，构建“知识回顾-考点夯基-综合提升”三阶训练体系，通过结构化方法提炼与情境化应用，系统培养语言应用能力与逻辑思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|2类功能+5种结构|不定式构成（to+原形/否定式）；作状语表目的/原因/结果，作宾补分使役（let/make/have+do）、邀请类（ask/tell+to do）、感官动词（do/doing）|从构成到功能，按“状语-宾补”分类，结合动词类型归纳结构公式| |考点夯基|单选20题+填空10题+完成句子10题|否定式（not to do）、使役动词不带to、目的状语（to do/in order to）|针对中考高频易错点，通过基础题型强化结构应用与语法规则迁移| |综合提升|语法选择1篇+语法填空2篇|语境中判断不定式功能（目的/结果）、非谓语动词辨析|从单句到语篇，融合文化情境（如社区活动、兴趣爱好），提升语言综合运用能力|

Unit 1 Time to Relax 核心语法精练（动词不定式作状语和宾语补足语） 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、单项选择 3 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 4 三、完成句子 7 一、语法选择 9 二、短文填空 11 一、动词不定式的构成 　　动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，基本形式是“to+动词原形”。其中to是动词不定式符号，在有些情况下可以省略。动词不定式的否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。 » Mr Li told me to listen carefully in class.　李老师要求我上课认真听讲。 »Please tell Jim not to come late next time.　请告诉吉姆下次别迟到了。 二、动词不定式的功能 动词不定式作状语 当动词不定式作状语时，它用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，主要表示目的、原因或结果。 1. 表示目的（最常见） 为了做某事，相当于 in order to。 I study hard to get good grades. （我努力学习是为了取得好成绩。） To catch the early bus, she got up at 6 am. （为了赶上早班车，她早上6点就起床了。） 2. 表示原因 通常跟在表示情感的形容词（如 glad, sad, happy, sorry, surprised 等）后面，说明产生这种情绪的原因。 I‘m very glad to see you. （我很高兴见到你。） He was surprised to hear the news. （听到这个消息，他很惊讶。） 3. 表示结果 通常可以翻译为“结果……”，有时是意想不到的结果。 He woke up to find everyone had gone. （他醒来结果发现大家都走了。） He is too young to look after himself. （他年龄太小，不能照顾自己。） 动词不定式作宾语补足语 宾语补足语是紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语的身份、状态或动作进行补充说明的成分，使宾语的意义更加完整。此时可以是带to的不定式，也可以是不带to的不定式，这主要取决于谓语动词。 1. “使役/让”类动词： let, make, have 结构： let/make/have + sb. + do sth. (不带 to 的不定式) My mother makes me clean my room every week. （我妈妈让我每周打扫房间。） Let him go. （让他走吧。） 2. “邀请/要求/告诉”类动词： ask, tell, want, order, invite, teach, wish, would like 结构： ask/tell/want + sb. + to do sth. The teacher asked us to read the text. （老师让我们读课文。） I want you to be happy. （我想让你快乐。） 3. “感官”类动词： see, watch, hear, feel 结构1（看/听到全过程）： see/watch/hear + sb. + do sth. (不带 to) I saw him enter the building. （我看见他进了大楼。） 结构2（看/听到动作片段或正在进行）： see/watch/hear + sb. + doing sth. (现在分词) I heard her singing in the next room. （我听见她正在隔壁唱歌。） 一、单项选择 1．My mother told me ________ in the street, it’s too dangerous. A．not play B．to not play C．doesn’t play D．not to play 2．I advise you _________ a doctor as soon as possible. A．see B．saw C．seeing D．to see 3．The doctor seriously warns the patient ________ any cold food after the surgery (手术). A．to not eat B．not to eat C．not eating 4．My parents expect me ________ a useful person in the future. A．be B．to be C．being D．been 5．He often tells jokes to make us ________. A．laugh B．laughing C．to laughing D．to laugh 6．She made up her mind ________ a volunteer to serve the community. A．become B．becoming C．to become D．became 7．Though it would be challenging, her father encouraged her ________ a try. A．to have B．having C．had 8．My friend asks me ________ her how to skate. A．teach B．teaching C．to teach D．taught 9．Our geography teacher often guides us ________ the beauty of nature carefully. A．explore B．to explore C．exploring D．explored 10．My parents encourage me ________ part-time jobs to understand the value of money. A．do B．doing C．to do D．did 11．The little girl made up her mind ________ hard to achieve her dream. A．study B．to study C．studying D．studied 12．I go to the stadium ________ exercise with my friend. A．in B．with C．to D．at 13．________ the Dragon Boat Festival, our community will organize a zongzi-making competition. A．Celebrating B．Celebrated C．To celebrate D．Celebrate 14．Many volunteers go to the old people’s home ________ the elderly every weekend. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 15．—Why do you practise calligraphy every day? —________ my handwriting and relax myself. A．Improve B．Improving C．Improved D．To improve 16．—Why do you practice calligraphy every day? —________ myself and enjoy the beauty of Chinese characters. A．Relax B．Relaxing C．To relax 17．________ communication easier and faster, engineers have designed a kind of smart watch. A．Make B．To make C．Making D．Made 18．The little boy is afraid ________ in front of many people. A．speak B．to speak C．speaking D．spoke 19．After receiving standard moral education, most teenagers are careful enough _________ good habits of polite behavior in daily life. A．learn B．learning C．to learn D．learned 20．We should take action ________ the weak people. A．protect B．protecting C．to protect D．protected 二、单词正确形式填空 21．After making sure he was fine, I reminded him ________ (be) careful. 22．The project requires us ________ (work) together. 23．She forced herself_________ (get) up as soon as the clock rang. 24．My mother often tells me ________ (be) kind and helpful to others. 25．The teacher warned us ________ (not play) near the river on rainy days. 26．I always come to the library early ________ (offer) help to different readers. 27．We should try our best ________ (solve) the problems of space junk. 28．________ (learn) more about the city, you can visit it and enjoy the local culture. 29．Lucy says she will use as much pocket money as she can ________ (buy) books for the poor children. 30．We are all excited ________ (know) that our class won the basketball game. 三、完成句子 31．我的老师不允许我上课玩手机。 My teacher doesn’t ________ me ________ ________ phones in class. 32．老师建议我选择古筝。 My teacher ________ me ________ ________ the guzheng. 33．母亲期望我下周五在音乐会上演奏。 My mother ________ me ________ ________ in the concert next Friday. 34．现代科技使我们可以和全世界的人们交流。 The modern technology allows us ________ ________ ________ people all over the world. 35．老师告诉我们不要在课堂上说话。 The teacher told us ________ ________ __________ in class. 36．为了选到自己最喜欢的那本书，很多读者早早赶到图书馆。 Many readers got to the library early ________ ________ their favorite book. 37．为了让社区更美好，居民们经常一起劳动。 To make our community better, people often work together ________ ________. 38．让我们想想能做些什么来保护野生动物。 Let’s think about what we can do ________ ________ wild animals. 39．She studies hard in order to pass the English test. (改为同义句) ________ ________ the English test, she studies hard. 40．星光村的生活非常舒适，人们在这里生活得很开心。 Life in Starlight Village is very ________, and people are happy _________ _________ here. 一、语法选择 根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Hobbies are activities that allow us to do something we enjoy in our free time. They can develop our 1 and help us learn new skills, and many students in my class 2 their own hobbies too. My hobbies are listening to music and watching TV. I have been interested in music since I was ten. I often listened to my favourite songs 3 the radio at that time, because CDs were 4 expensive for me to buy. But now, I can go to music shops near my home 5 good CDs. There are different kinds of CDs in those shops, so I can 6 choose the ones I like. I also spend 7 hour watching news and documentary programmes after dinner every evening. One of 8 programs is “The Window of the World”. Every time I watch it, I can get a lot of information about human civilizations (文明) from the programmes. I always feel tired 9 studying for a whole day, but watching TV can make me relaxed quickly. I think that my hobbies are very helpful in daily life. They can relax my mind and make 10 know more about the world. 1．A．interest B．interests C．interests’ 2．A．had B．has C．have 3．A．on B．by C．with 4．A．so B．too C．very 5．A．buying B．to buy C．buy 6．A．easy B．easier C．easily 7．A．an B．a C．the 8．A．educational B．more educational C．the most educational 9．A．until B．after C．though 10．A．me B．my C．myself 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 After work or school, people spend their free time on different hobbies to relax. Reading or listening to music can calm us down after a busy day. Physical hobbies 1 playing tennis or doing yoga help us keep fit. There are also 2 (create) hobbies such as painting to record beautiful landscapes or reduce stress. Luca Bruno, 3 Italian teenager, enjoys being creative by making mobile phone apps rather than creating art or writing stories. He thinks apps can help people. He 4 (begin) programming at ten after reading about famous 5 (businessman) who used to be programmers. His latest app lets people worldwide find study partners to learn Italian, so they can study the language and make friends together. He gains a great sense of 6 (achieve) when people use his app. Some people love collecting things instead. Maya Badal from 7 (Indian) collects postcards rather than coins or stamps. 8 some think postcards are old-fashioned, she learns about different places through their foreign 9 (build) and landscapes. Her first postcard of the Mogao Caves was sent by her father when she was five. Now she has over one hundred postcards from thirty-two countries and dreams of 10 (visit) these places one day. 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 It can be hard to make time for a hobby when we have many important things to do. But hobbies might be 1 (important) than you think. Physical hobbies 2 going hiking or playing tennis can help you stay healthy. They can reduce stress and help you remember better. Other kinds of hobbies can also keep us healthy. 3 (make) music can reduce blood pressure and make our bodies stronger. Playing an instrument also 4 (keep) our brains young. Hobbies are also good for your mental health. Creative hobbies like painting or writing can help you deal with negative emotions. That is 5 they offer you a way to express how you feel. You may feel good about 6 (you) in this way! Everything has two sides. Playing computer games or chatting online may be fun, but such hobbies 7 (usual) take a lot of screen time. That could cause problems such as eye soreness or poor sleep. Also you may feel lonely when doing these 8 (activity) alone. Why not choose 9 outdoor hobby instead? Fresh air, green spaces, peace and quiet — these things help us to relax and feel good. Whatever your hobby is, it is important 10 (make) time for it. After all, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy! 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Time to Relax 核心语法精练（动词不定式作状语和宾语补足语） 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、单项选择 3 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 4 三、完成句子 7 一、语法选择 9 二、短文填空 11 一、动词不定式的构成 　　动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，基本形式是“to+动词原形”。其中to是动词不定式符号，在有些情况下可以省略。动词不定式的否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。 » Mr Li told me to listen carefully in class.　李老师要求我上课认真听讲。 »Please tell Jim not to come late next time.　请告诉吉姆下次别迟到了。 二、动词不定式的功能 动词不定式作状语 当动词不定式作状语时，它用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，主要表示目的、原因或结果。 1. 表示目的（最常见） 为了做某事，相当于 in order to。 I study hard to get good grades. （我努力学习是为了取得好成绩。） To catch the early bus, she got up at 6 am. （为了赶上早班车，她早上6点就起床了。） 2. 表示原因 通常跟在表示情感的形容词（如 glad, sad, happy, sorry, surprised 等）后面，说明产生这种情绪的原因。 I‘m very glad to see you. （我很高兴见到你。） He was surprised to hear the news. （听到这个消息，他很惊讶。） 3. 表示结果 通常可以翻译为“结果……”，有时是意想不到的结果。 He woke up to find everyone had gone. （他醒来结果发现大家都走了。） He is too young to look after himself. （他年龄太小，不能照顾自己。） 动词不定式作宾语补足语 宾语补足语是紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语的身份、状态或动作进行补充说明的成分，使宾语的意义更加完整。此时可以是带to的不定式，也可以是不带to的不定式，这主要取决于谓语动词。 1. “使役/让”类动词： let, make, have 结构： let/make/have + sb. + do sth. (不带 to 的不定式) My mother makes me clean my room every week. （我妈妈让我每周打扫房间。） Let him go. （让他走吧。） 2. “邀请/要求/告诉”类动词： ask, tell, want, order, invite, teach, wish, would like 结构： ask/tell/want + sb. + to do sth. The teacher asked us to read the text. （老师让我们读课文。） I want you to be happy. （我想让你快乐。） 3. “感官”类动词： see, watch, hear, feel 结构1（看/听到全过程）： see/watch/hear + sb. + do sth. (不带 to) I saw him enter the building. （我看见他进了大楼。） 结构2（看/听到动作片段或正在进行）： see/watch/hear + sb. + doing sth. (现在分词) I heard her singing in the next room. （我听见她正在隔壁唱歌。） 一、单项选择 1．My mother told me ________ in the street, it’s too dangerous. A．not play B．to not play C．doesn’t play D．not to play 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我妈妈告诉我不要在街上玩耍，太危险了。 tell sb. not to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，动词不定式的否定形式是在to前加not，即not to play。 2．I advise you _________ a doctor as soon as possible. A．see B．saw C．seeing D．to see 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我建议你尽快去看医生。 根据固定搭配“advise sb. to do sth.”（建议某人做某事）可知，此处应用不定式to see作宾语补足语。 3．The doctor seriously warns the patient ________ any cold food after the surgery (手术). A．to not eat B．not to eat C．not eating 【答案】B 【详解】句意：医生严肃地警告病人手术后不要吃任何冷食。 固定搭配warn sb. not to do sth.表示“警告某人不要做某事”，动词不定式的否定形式是在to前加not。应填not to eat。 4．My parents expect me ________ a useful person in the future. A．be B．to be C．being D．been 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的父母期望我将来成为一个有用的人。 固定搭配expect sb. to do sth.意为“期望某人做/成为……”，此处需要用动词不定式作宾语补足语，因此选to be。 5．He often tells jokes to make us ________. A．laugh B．laughing C．to laughing D．to laugh 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他经常讲笑话让我们笑。 固定搭配“make sb. do sth.”意为“使某人做某事”，其中make为使役动词，后接不带to的不定式，即动词原形作宾语补足语。 6．She made up her mind ________ a volunteer to serve the community. A．become B．becoming C．to become D．became 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她下定决心成为一名志愿者来服务社区。 become成为，动词原形；becoming成为，动词-ing形式；to become成为，动词不定式；became成为，过去式。固定搭配make up one’s mind to do sth.意为“下定决心做某事”，后接动词不定式，符合题意。 7．Though it would be challenging, her father encouraged her ________ a try. A．to have B．having C．had 【答案】A 【详解】句意：虽然这会很有挑战性，但她的父亲鼓励她试一试。 encourage sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，空处应填动词不定式to have。 8．My friend asks me ________ her how to skate. A．teach B．teaching C．to teach D．taught 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的朋友请求我教她如何滑冰。 ask意为“请求；要求”，ask sb. to do sth. 表示“请求某人做某事”，此处用动词不定式作宾语补足语，因此填to teach。 9．Our geography teacher often guides us ________ the beauty of nature carefully. A．explore B．to explore C．exploring D．explored 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的地理老师经常引导我们仔细探索自然之美。 guide sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“引导某人做某事”，所以此处应用不定式to explore。 10．My parents encourage me ________ part-time jobs to understand the value of money. A．do B．doing C．to do D．did 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的父母鼓励我做兼职工作，以理解金钱的价值。 do动词原形，doing动名词/现在分词，to do动词不定式，did过去式。固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，其中不定式作宾语补足语。故选to do。 11．The little girl made up her mind ________ hard to achieve her dream. A．study B．to study C．studying D．studied 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个小女孩下定决心努力学习以实现她的梦想。 固定搭配make up one’s mind to do sth.意为“下定决心做某事”，此处应用动词不定式to study作目的状语。 12．I go to the stadium ________ exercise with my friend. A．in B．with C．to D．at 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我和朋友去体育场锻炼。 in在……里面；with和……一起；to动词不定式符号，表目的；at在（小地点）。根据句中“exercise（锻炼）”可知此处表去体育场的目的是锻炼；to后接动词原形表行动目的。 13．________ the Dragon Boat Festival, our community will organize a zongzi-making competition. A．Celebrating B．Celebrated C．To celebrate D．Celebrate 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了庆祝端午节，我们社区将组织一场包粽子比赛。 根据“our community will organize...”可知，句子主干完整，句首处表示举办比赛的目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。 14．Many volunteers go to the old people’s home ________ the elderly every weekend. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多志愿者每个周末去养老院帮助老人。 根据“Many volunteers go to the old people’s home...”可知，句中已有谓语动词go，空格处需用非谓语动词表示目的，应用动词不定式to help作目的状语。故选B。 15．—Why do you practise calligraphy every day? —________ my handwriting and relax myself. A．Improve B．Improving C．Improved D．To improve 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你为什么每天练习书法？——为了提高我的书写水平并放松自己。 根据问句“Why”可知，询问目的，答句应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了……”，应填To improve。 16．—Why do you practice calligraphy every day? —________ myself and enjoy the beauty of Chinese characters. A．Relax B．Relaxing C．To relax 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你为什么每天练习书法？——为了放松自己并享受汉字之美。 Relax放松，是动词原形；Relaxing放松，是现在分词或动名词；To relax为了放松，是动词不定式。问句由Why引导，询问原因，答语应用动词不定式来表示行为的目的。根据语境可知此处表示练习书法的目的。 17．________ communication easier and faster, engineers have designed a kind of smart watch. A．Make B．To make C．Making D．Made 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了使交流更容易和更快，工程师们设计了一种智能手表。 根据句意可知，工程师设计智能手表的目的是为了让交流变得更便捷，应用动词不定式置于句首表示目的。 18．The little boy is afraid ________ in front of many people. A．speak B．to speak C．speaking D．spoke 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个小男孩害怕在很多人面前说话。 “be afraid to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“害怕做某事”，空处用动词不定式结构to speak。 19．After receiving standard moral education, most teenagers are careful enough _________ good habits of polite behavior in daily life. A．learn B．learning C．to learn D．learned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在接受了标准的道德教育后，大多数青少年足够细心，去学习日常生活中礼貌行为的良好习惯。 根据“careful enough”可知，此处是固定结构“adj.+enough+to do sth.”，意为“足够……去做某事”，enough修饰形容词后接动词不定式。应填to learn。 20．We should take action ________ the weak people. A．protect B．protecting C．to protect D．protected 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们应该采取行动来保护弱者。固定搭配“take action to do sth.”，意为“采取行动做某事”，其中不定式“to protect”作目的状语。 二、单词正确形式填空 21．After making sure he was fine, I reminded him ________ (be) careful. 【答案】to be 【详解】句意：确认他没事之后，我提醒他要小心。固定搭配remind sb. to do sth.表示提醒某人做某事，此处需用不定式结构，be动词原形前加to。 22．The project requires us ________ (work) together. 【答案】to work 【详解】句意：这个项目要求我们共同努力。require sb. to do sth.为固定结构，意为“要求某人做某事”，后接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to work。 23．She forced herself_________ (get) up as soon as the clock rang. 【答案】 to get 【详解】句意：闹钟一响，她就强迫自己起床。“force sb. to do sth.”意为“强迫某人做某事”，get需变为to get。 24．My mother often tells me ________ (be) kind and helpful to others. 【答案】to be 【详解】句意：我妈妈经常告诉我要对别人友善且乐于助人。tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事，后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语，to be符合句意。 25．The teacher warned us ________ (not play) near the river on rainy days. 【答案】not to play 【详解】句意：老师警告我们下雨天不要在河边玩耍。“not play”，“不要玩耍”，动词短语。根据语句“The teacher warned us...near the river on rainy days.”可知，固定搭配warn sb. not to do sth.，表示“警告某人不要做某事”，故需用not to play作宾语补足语，表示“不要玩耍”。 26．I always come to the library early ________ (offer) help to different readers. 【答案】to offer 【详解】句意：我总是早早来到图书馆，为不同读者提供帮助。 本句已有谓语动词come，空格处作目的状语，表示“很早就来”的目的是提供帮助，要用不定式to do结构；offer意为“主动提供”，故填to offer。 27．We should try our best ________ (solve) the problems of space junk. 【答案】to solve 【详解】句意：我们应该尽最大努力解决太空垃圾的问题。句子使用固定搭配try one’s best to do sth.，意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”，因此此处应填动词solve的不定式形式to solve。 28．________ (learn) more about the city, you can visit it and enjoy the local culture. 【答案】To learn 【详解】句意：为了更多地了解这座城市，你可以去参观并享受当地文化。此处用不定式作目的状语，表示“为了……”，且位于句首首字母大写。故填To learn。 29．Lucy says she will use as much pocket money as she can ________ (buy) books for the poor children. 【答案】to buy 【详解】句意：露西说她将用尽可能多的零花钱为贫困儿童买书。后面的部分表示使用零花钱的目的，即“为了给贫困儿童买书”。 固定结构：use sth. to do sth.表示“用某物做某事”。句中“as much pocket money as she can ”是宾语从句里的宾语，相当于“use all pocket money”，后面接不定式作目的状语。 30．We are all excited ________ (know) that our class won the basketball game. 【答案】to know 【详解】句意：知道我们班赢了篮球比赛，我们都很兴奋。这里考查句型结构be动词+形容词+to do，意为“做某事感到很兴奋”，所以应该用括号中know的不定式形式。应填to know。 三、完成句子 31．我的老师不允许我上课玩手机。 My teacher doesn’t ________ me ________ ________ phones in class. 【答案】 allow to play 【详解】原句中“允许某人做某事”是关键词，“允许某人做某事” 的固定搭配是“allow sb. to do sth.”。doesn’t后接动词原形，因此①处填allow；②处为不定式符号to；“玩手机”对应play phones，故③处填play。故填allow；to；play。 32．老师建议我选择古筝。 My teacher ________ me ________ ________ the guzheng. 【答案】 advised to choose 【详解】原句中“建议、选择”是关键词，表示“建议”的动词是advise，advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”，句子表示动作已发生，应用一般过去时，动词用过去式advised；表示“选择”的动词是choose，此处应用动词不定式to choose作宾补。 33．母亲期望我下周五在音乐会上演奏。 My mother ________ me ________ ________ in the concert next Friday. 【答案】 expects to play 【详解】原句中“期望”和“演奏”是关键词，表示“期望某人做某事”的常用结构是“expect sb. to do sth.” ；表示“演奏”用动词“play”。本句描述的是母亲现在的期望，用一般现在时，主语“My mother”是第三人称单数，所以“expect”要用第三人称单数形式“expects”，“to play”构成不定式结构，作宾语补足语。 34．现代科技使我们可以和全世界的人们交流。 The modern technology allows us ________ ________ ________ people all over the world. 【答案】 to communicate with 【详解】原句中“交流”是关键词。固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.表示“允许/使某人做某事”，所以①处填to。“和某人交流”使用固定搭配communicate with sb.，所以②③处填communicate with。 35．老师告诉我们不要在课堂上说话。 The teacher told us ________ ________ __________ in class. 【答案】 not to talk 【详解】原句中“不要说话”是关键词，表示“不要”的单词是not；表示“说话”的动词是talk，tell sb. not to do sth.“告诉某人不要做某事”，此处应用not to talk。 36．为了选到自己最喜欢的那本书，很多读者早早赶到图书馆。 Many readers got to the library early ________ ________ their favorite book. 【答案】 to choose/pick 【详解】原句中“为了选到”是关键词，表示目的，用动词不定式to do；“选择”用choose/pick。故填to；choose/pick。 37．为了让社区更美好，居民们经常一起劳动。 To make our community better, people often work together ________ ________. 【答案】 to labour/labor 【详解】原句中“一起劳动”是关键词，work together to do sth. 是固定结构，表示“一起做某事”，此处用不定式to labour/labor表目的；labour（英式拼写）/labor（美式拼写）意为“劳动”，符合句子语境与语法要求。 38．让我们想想能做些什么来保护野生动物。 Let’s think about what we can do ________ ________ wild animals. 【答案】 to protect 【详解】原句中“保护”是关键词，表示“保护”的单词是protect，此处是作目的状语，应用不定式形式，故填to；protect。 39．She studies hard in order to pass the English test. (改为同义句) ________ ________ the English test, she studies hard. 【答案】 To pass 【详解】句意：她努力学习是为了通过英语考试。原句中in order to pass the English test表示目的，可转换为动词不定式To pass the English test作目的状语，置于句首时首字母需大写。 40．星光村的生活非常舒适，人们在这里生活得很开心。 Life in Starlight Village is very ________, and people are happy _________ _________ here. 【答案】 comfortable to live 【详解】原句中“舒适”和“生活”是关键词，表示“舒适”的词是comfortable。本句为一般现在时，主语Life是不可数名词，谓语用单数is，very comfortable作表语。“生活”译为live，此处“在这里生活”跟在happy之后，应用be happy to do sth.结构，即to live作状语，表示“开心地生活”。 一、语法选择 根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Hobbies are activities that allow us to do something we enjoy in our free time. They can develop our 1 and help us learn new skills, and many students in my class 2 their own hobbies too. My hobbies are listening to music and watching TV. I have been interested in music since I was ten. I often listened to my favourite songs 3 the radio at that time, because CDs were 4 expensive for me to buy. But now, I can go to music shops near my home 5 good CDs. There are different kinds of CDs in those shops, so I can 6 choose the ones I like. I also spend 7 hour watching news and documentary programmes after dinner every evening. One of 8 programs is “The Window of the World”. Every time I watch it, I can get a lot of information about human civilizations (文明) from the programmes. I always feel tired 9 studying for a whole day, but watching TV can make me relaxed quickly. I think that my hobbies are very helpful in daily life. They can relax my mind and make 10 know more about the world. 1．A．interest B．interests C．interests’ 2．A．had B．has C．have 3．A．on B．by C．with 4．A．so B．too C．very 5．A．buying B．to buy C．buy 6．A．easy B．easier C．easily 7．A．an B．a C．the 8．A．educational B．more educational C．the most educational 9．A．until B．after C．though 10．A．me B．my C．myself 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者的爱好是听音乐和看电视，爱好不仅能放松身心，还能帮助作者了解世界，对日常生活很有帮助。 1．句意：它们可以培养我们的兴趣并帮助我们学习新技能，我们班许多学生也有他们自己的爱好。 根据“hobbies”和“skills”均为复数，可知此处应用复数形式表示多种兴趣（interests）。根据语境，爱好通常培养多方面的兴趣，故用复数名词。 2．句意：它们可以培养我们的兴趣并帮助我们学习新技能，我们班许多学生也有他们自己的爱好。 根据主语“many students”是复数，且全文为一般现在时，可知谓语动词用原形。根据语境，陈述客观事实，需用一般现在时复数形式have。 3．句意：那时我经常在收音机上听我最喜欢的歌曲，因为CD对我来说太贵了买不起。 根据固定搭配“on the radio”，可知此处介词用on。根据语境，表示通过收音机媒介收听，习惯用on。 4．句意：那时我经常在收音机上听我最喜欢的歌曲，因为CD对我来说太贵了买不起。 根据固定结构“too... to...”（太……而不能……），可知此处用too。根据语境，表示贵到无法购买的程度。 5．句意：但现在，我可以去家附近的音乐商店买好的CD。 根据“go to some place to do sth.”表示去某地做某事，可知用不定式表目的。根据语境，去商店的目的是买CD，用to buy。 6．句意：那些商店里有不同种类的CD，所以我可以很容易地选择我喜欢的。 根据修饰动词“choose”，可知需用副词形式。根据语境，表示选择的方式轻松，用副词easily修饰动词。 7．句意：每天晚餐后，我也花费一个小时看新闻和纪录片。 根据“hour”发音以元音音素开头，可知不定冠词用an。根据语境，表示泛指一个小时。 8．句意：最有教育意义的节目之一是《世界之窗》。 根据“One of the+最高级+名词复数”结构，可知需用最高级“the most educational”。根据语境，表示众多节目中最好的之一。 9．句意：学习一整天后我总是感到累，但是看电视能让我快速的放松自己。 根据逻辑关系，累是在学习一天“之后”产生的感觉，可知用after。根据语境，表示时间先后顺序。 10．句意：它们能放松我的头脑并让我更了解世界。 根据“make sb. do sth.”结构，可知make后接宾语，用宾格me。根据语境，作动词make的宾语，指代作者自己。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 After work or school, people spend their free time on different hobbies to relax. Reading or listening to music can calm us down after a busy day. Physical hobbies 1 playing tennis or doing yoga help us keep fit. There are also 2 (create) hobbies such as painting to record beautiful landscapes or reduce stress. Luca Bruno, 3 Italian teenager, enjoys being creative by making mobile phone apps rather than creating art or writing stories. He thinks apps can help people. He 4 (begin) programming at ten after reading about famous 5 (businessman) who used to be programmers. His latest app lets people worldwide find study partners to learn Italian, so they can study the language and make friends together. He gains a great sense of 6 (achieve) when people use his app. Some people love collecting things instead. Maya Badal from 7 (Indian) collects postcards rather than coins or stamps. 8 some think postcards are old-fashioned, she learns about different places through their foreign 9 (build) and landscapes. Her first postcard of the Mogao Caves was sent by her father when she was five. Now she has over one hundred postcards from thirty-two countries and dreams of 10 (visit) these places one day. 【答案】 1．like 2．creative 3．an 4．began 5．businessmen 6．achievement 7．India 8．Though/Although 9．buildings 10．visiting 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们在业余时间的不同爱好，分别讲述了意大利少年Luca Bruno开发手机应用、Maya Badal收集明信片的故事，展现了爱好带给人们的放松与成就感。 1．句意：像打网球或做瑜伽这类运动爱好能帮助我们保持健康。该处需一个介词，在句中用于举例；用于列举同类事物表示比如，like“像”符合语境。 2．句意：还有一些创造性的爱好，比如画画来记录美丽的风景或缓解压力。该处需一个形容词，在句中作定语修饰hobbies；修饰名词用create的形容词形式creative。 3．句意：Luca Bruno，一名意大利青少年，喜欢通过制作手机应用来发挥创造力。该处需一个不定冠词，在句中修饰单数名词teenager；Italian以元音音素开头，表示“一个”用不定冠词an。 4．句意：他十岁时在了解了一些曾经是程序员的著名商人后开始编程。该处需一个一般过去时的动词，在句中作谓语；at ten表示过去的时间，句子用一般过去时，begin的过去式是began。 5．句意：他十岁时在了解了一些曾经是程序员的著名商人后开始编程。该处需一个名词复数，在句中作宾语；famous前无冠词，表示不止一位商人，businessman的复数形式是businessmen。 6．句意：当人们使用他的应用时，他获得了强烈的成就感。该处需一个名词，在句中构成固定搭配；a sense of后接名词，achieve的名词形式是achievement。 7．句意：来自印度的Maya Badal收集明信片而不是硬币或邮票。该处需一个名词，在句中表示国家；from后接国家名称，Indian对应的国家是India。 8．句意：尽管有些人认为明信片过时了，但她通过国外的建筑和风景了解不同的地方。该处需一个连词，在句中引导让步状语从句；前后语义为转折关系，Though/Although表示“虽然、尽管”。 9．句意：尽管有些人认为明信片过时了，但她通过国外的建筑和风景了解不同的地方。该处需一个名词复数，在句中作宾语；and连接并列名词，与landscapes对应，build的名词形式building用复数buildings。 10．句意：现在她拥有来自三十二个国家的一百多张明信片，梦想有一天去这些地方游览。该处需一个动名词，在句中作介词of的宾语；介词后接动词的动名词形式，visit的动名词是visiting。 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 It can be hard to make time for a hobby when we have many important things to do. But hobbies might be 1 (important) than you think. Physical hobbies 2 going hiking or playing tennis can help you stay healthy. They can reduce stress and help you remember better. Other kinds of hobbies can also keep us healthy. 3 (make) music can reduce blood pressure and make our bodies stronger. Playing an instrument also 4 (keep) our brains young. Hobbies are also good for your mental health. Creative hobbies like painting or writing can help you deal with negative emotions. That is 5 they offer you a way to express how you feel. You may feel good about 6 (you) in this way! Everything has two sides. Playing computer games or chatting online may be fun, but such hobbies 7 (usual) take a lot of screen time. That could cause problems such as eye soreness or poor sleep. Also you may feel lonely when doing these 8 (activity) alone. Why not choose 9 outdoor hobby instead? Fresh air, green spaces, peace and quiet — these things help us to relax and feel good. Whatever your hobby is, it is important 10 (make) time for it. After all, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy! 【答案】 1．more important 2．like 3．Making 4．keeps 5．because 6．yourself 7．usually 8．activities 9．an 10．to make 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了爱好对身心健康的重要性，分析了不同类型爱好（体育类、艺术类、创造性爱好）的益处，也提及了线上爱好的潜在问题，最后呼吁人们为爱好留出时间。 1．句意：但爱好可能比你想象的更重要。句中出现“than”，表示两者比较，形容词important需使用比较级形式，即more important。 2．句意：像徒步旅行或打网球这样的体育爱好可以帮助你保持健康。此处是举例说明“Physical hobbies”的具体类型，“like”可表示“像，例如”，符合语境。 3．句意：制作音乐可以降低血压，让我们的身体更强壮。此处需要动名词作句子的主语，因此动词make需变为动名词形式Making，注意句首单词首字母需大写。 4．句意：演奏乐器也能让我们的大脑保持年轻。句子主语“Playing an instrument”是动名词短语，视为单数，句子时态为一般现在时，谓语动词keep需使用第三人称单数形式keeps。 5．句意：那是因为它们为你提供了一种表达感受的方式。前文提到“创造性爱好可以帮助你处理负面情绪”，此处是解释原因，“That is because...”是固定句型，意为“那是因为……”。 6．句意：你可能会通过这种方式对自己感觉良好！此处主语和宾语均指代“you”，需使用反身代词，构成“feel good about oneself”的固定搭配，“you”的反身代词是 yourself。 7．句意：玩电脑游戏或网上聊天可能很有趣，但这样的爱好通常会占用很多屏幕时间。此处修饰动词take，需用副词形式，形容词usual的副词形式是usually。 8．句意：而且当你独自做这些活动时，可能会感到孤独。限定词“these”后需接可数名词复数形式，activity的复数形式是activities。 9．句意：为什么不选择一个户外爱好呢？此处泛指“一个户外爱好”，需用不定冠词，outdoor以元音音素开头，故用an。 10．句意：无论你的爱好是什么，为它腾出时间是很重要的。“It is important to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事是重要的”，因此动词make需使用不定式形式to make。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $