Unit3暑期讲义2026～2027学年仁爱科普版英语九年级上册

UNIT 3 / A Green Earth, a Better Home Big Question: How can you be a green person? 📚 重点词汇（含词族拓展） Preparing for the Topic pollution / pollute / polluted /pəˈluːʃn/ / /pəˈluːt/ n. / v. / adj. pollution n. 污染；pollute v. 污染；polluted adj. 受污染的 词族拓展（超重点！）： pollute (v. 污染) → pollution (n. 污染，不可数) → polluted (adj. 受污染的) 短 语：air / water / noise / soil pollution 空气/水/噪音/土壤污染 cause pollution 造成污染 prevent pollution 防止污染 例句对比：Factories pollute the river. （工厂污染河流。）[动词] / The pollution is serious. （污染很严重。）[名词] / The polluted water is harmful. （受污染的水有害。）[形容词] The pollution here is very serious. （这里的污染很严重。） Don't pollute the environment. （不要污染环境。） environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 自然环境的；与环境有关的 词族拓展（重点！）： environ (v. 环绕) → environment (n. 环境) → environmental (adj. 环境的) → environmentalist (n. 环保主义者) -al 形容词后缀：nation → national；nature → natural；culture → cultural 短 语：protect the environment 保护环境 / environmental protection 环境保护 We should protect our environment. （我们应该保护环境。） Environmental protection is everyone's duty. （环保是每个人的责任。） recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ v. 回收利用，再利用 词族拓展： re- (前缀，再) + cycle (循环) → recycle (v. 回收利用) → recycling (n. 回收利用) → recyclable (adj. 可回收利用的) 同根词：reuse（再利用）；reduce（减少）；recover（恢复） We should recycle waste paper and plastic bottles. （我们应该回收废纸和塑料瓶。） donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ v. 捐赠，赠送 donate (v. 捐赠) → donation (n. 捐赠物；捐款) → donor (n. 捐赠者) 搭配：donate sth. to ... 把某物捐赠给…… He donated his old books to the charity. （他把旧书捐赠给了慈善机构。） Exploring the Topic suffer /ˈsʌfə(r)/ v. （因疾病、痛苦等）受苦，受折磨；遭受 suffer (v. 遭受) → suffering (n. 痛苦；苦难) 短 语：suffer from ... 患（病）；受……之苦 suffer a loss 遭受损失 suffer hunger 挨饿 He suffers from high blood pressure. （他患有高血压。） The area suffered a serious flood last year. （这个地区去年遭受了严重洪灾。） cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/ v. 合作；协作 cooperate (v. 合作) → cooperation (n. 合作) → cooperative (adj. 合作的) 短 语：cooperate with sb. 与某人合作 in cooperation with 与……合作 We should cooperate with each other to protect the earth. （我们应该相互合作来保护地球。） The two countries worked in close cooperation. （两国紧密合作。） Wrapping Up carbon /ˈkɑːbən/ n. 碳 carbon dioxide (CO₂) low-carbon life carbon footprint We should live a low-carbon life to protect the earth. （我们应该过低碳生活来保护地球。） ✏ 词汇配套练习 📝 练习一：用 pollute 的词族填空 1 The ____ (pollute) in this city is getting worse. 2 Factories ____ (pollution) the river every day. 3 Many fish died in the ____ (pollute) water. 4 We should take action to stop air ____ (pollute). 5 The ____ (pollute) from cars is a big problem. 【参考答案】 1. pollution（名词，污染）2. pollute（动词，污染）3. polluted（形容词，受污染的）4. pollution（名词）5. pollution（名词） 📝 练习二：用括号内词的适当形式填空 1 We should take ____ (act) to protect the environment. 2 His ____ (suffer) from the disease lasted for years. 3 The two companies decided to ____ (cooperative). 4 He made a ____ (donate) to the charity. 5 We need to live a ____ (low) carbon life. 【参考答案】 1. action（take action 采取行动）2. suffering3. cooperate4. donation5. low（固定搭配 low-carbon life） 📝 练习三：用 environment / environmental / environmentalist 填空 1 We should protect our ____ (环境). 2 Air pollution is a serious ____ (环境的) problem. 3 He is an ____ (环保主义者) and has planted thousands of trees. 4 Many ____ (环保主义者) are working hard to save the planet. 5 The factory caused ____ (环境的) damage to the river. 【参考答案】 1. environment（名词）2. environmental（形容词）3. environmentalist（单数名词）4. environmentalists（复数名词）5. environmental（形容词作定语） 📝 练习四：recycle 词族与 3R 辨析 1 We should ____ (回收) waste paper and plastic bottles. 2 Paper, glass and metal are ____ (可回收的). 4 Waste ____ (回收利用) is important for environmental protection. 5 Don't throw away the bottle. You can ____ (reuse) it as a flowerpot. 6 We should ____ (reduce) the use of plastic bags. 【参考答案】 1. recycle（动词原形）2. recyclable（形容词）4. recycling（名词）5. reuse（动词原形）6. reduce（动词原形） 📝 练习五：suffer from / donate to / cooperate with 搭配 1 He ____ ____ (患) high blood pressure for years. 2 She ____ ____ ____ (捐赠了) all her old clothes ____ the children in poor areas. 3 We should ____ ____ (与……合作) each other to protect the environment. 4 The village ____ ____ (遭受了) a serious flood last year. 5 The old man ____ ____ ____ (捐钱给) the Hope Project every year. 【参考答案】 1. suffers from（一般现在时，主语 he）2. donated ... to（把衣服捐给……）3. cooperate with（与……合作）4. suffered from（一般过去时）5. donates money to（donate sth. to ...） 🔗 重点短语（含详解） be harmful to 对……有危害 用法讲解：to 是介词，后接名词或动名词。 同义表达：do harm to ...；be bad for ... 反义表达：be good for ...；be beneficial to ...   • Smoking is harmful to your health.（吸烟有害健康。） take action 采取行动 用法讲解：action 是名词，作可数或不可数。 搭配：take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事   • We should take action to protect the environment.（我们应该采取行动保护环境。） 同义：take measures to do sth.；take steps to do sth. put ... at risk 将……置于危险之中 用法讲解：at risk = in danger，处于危险中。   • Pollution puts our health at risk.（污染使我们的健康处于危险中。） 搭配：at risk 处于危险中；run the risk of 冒……的风险 protect ... from ... 保护……免受……伤害 用法讲解：from 后接伤害的源头（名词或 v-ing）。 同义：protect ... against ...   • We should protect the earth from being polluted.（我们应该保护地球免受污染。）   • Sunglasses protect our eyes from the sun.（太阳镜保护我们的眼睛免受阳光伤害。） make efforts to do sth. 尽力去做某事 用法讲解：effort 是可数或不可数名词。 搭配：spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事；make an effort 努力   • We should make efforts to reduce pollution.（我们应该努力减少污染。） throw away 扔掉；waste sorting 垃圾分类 throw away：及物动词短语，后接宾语。如果宾语是代词，必须放在中间：throw it away（✓）；throw away it（✗）。 waste sorting：sort 作动词表示"分类；整理"。sort the waste = 进行垃圾分类。 as a result 结果是；因此 用法讲解：as a result 是副词短语，连接两个句子，表示"因此，结果是"。 辨析：as a result（因此，连接词）；result in（导致，动词短语）；result from（由……引起）   • He worked hard. As a result, he passed the exam.（他学习努力，因此通过了考试。） ✏ 短语配套练习 📝 练习一：根据中文提示完成短语 1 Smoking is ____ ____ ____（对……有害）your health. 2 We should ____ ____ to protect the environment. 3 We must ____ the earth ____ ____（保护……免受）pollution. 4 ____ ____ ____（总之）, we should live a low-carbon life. 5 Don't ____ ____（扔掉）the old books. You can donate them. 6 Pollution ____ our health ____ ____（使……处于危险中）. 7 We should ____ ____ ____ ____（努力做某事）reduce waste. 8 He worked hard every day. ____ ____ ____（因此）, he passed the exam. 【参考答案】 1. harmful to / bad for2. take action3. protect; from4. In a word / In conclusion5. throw away6. puts; at risk7. make efforts to8. As a result 📝 练习二：完成下列句子，注意动词形式 1 Smoking is ____（harm）to your health. 2 We should take action to ____（protect）the earth from ____（pollute）. 3 Don't throw ____（it）away. You can reuse it.（用代词填空） 4 All of us should make ____（effort）to save water. 5 The factory put the fish's life ____（risk）by dumping waste into the river. 6 We should learn to sort the ____（waste）before throwing it away. 【参考答案】 1. harmful（形容词）2. protect; being polluted（protect ... from + 动名词被动式）3. it（throw away 是及物动词短语，代词必须放中间）4. efforts（make efforts to do 是复数搭配）5. at risk（固定搭配）6. waste（不可数名词，无复数） 📝 练习三：英汉互译 1 垃圾分类对保护环境非常重要。 2 工厂把我们的健康置于危险之中。 3 我们应该努力减少污染。 4 He was absent yesterday. As a result, he missed the important meeting. 5 In a word, we should protect the earth from being polluted. 【参考答案】 1. Waste sorting is very important for protecting the environment.2. The factories put our health at risk.3. We should make efforts to reduce pollution.4. 他昨天缺席了，因此错过了重要的会议。5. 总之，我们应该保护地球免受污染。 📐 语法精讲 + 配套练习 一、前缀 re-（表示"再、重新"） 加在动词前，表示"再次、重新"做某事。 注意：re- 前缀后的单词重音通常落在第二个音节：reCYCLE；reBUILD；reWRITE。 二、现在完成时（二）— for & since 的区别 核心区别：for + 时间段（a period of time）；since + 时间点（a point in time） 易错点（超重要！）： ① since 从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时：    ✓ I have taught here since I graduated.（毕业是过去，教学持续到现在） ② for + since 不能混用：    ✗ I have lived here for 2014.    ✓ I have lived here since 2014. / for 10 years. ③ how long 提问时长：    — How long have you been here? — For 2 weeks. / Since last month. We haven't seen any waste in the river for several months. I have been in an environmental group since the new term began. She has kept sorting the waste for 3 years. / since 3 years ago. 三、It is / has been + 一段时间 + since... 句型 构成：It is / has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句 转换技巧：这个句型可以和 for/since 句型互相转换：   • I have lived here for 10 years.    = I have lived here since 2014.    = It has been 10 years since I moved here.    = It is 10 years since I moved here. 中考题型：同义句转换常考 for ↔ since ↔ It has been ... since 的互换。 It has been two years since I left school.（我毕业已经两年了。） It is three months since he joined the club.（他加入俱乐部已经三个月了。） ✏ 语法配套练习 📝 练习一：用 for 或 since 填空 1 I have lived in this city ____ 2018. 2 She has worked here ____ five years. 3 We have known each other ____ we were in primary school. 4 He has been ill ____ a week. 5 The park has been open ____ two months ____. 6 We have studied English ____ we were ten years old. 7 He has been a teacher ____ 2015. 8 The film has been on ____ half an hour. 【参考答案】 1. since（2018是时间点）2. for（five years是时间段）3. since（后面是从句，用since）4. for（a week是时间段）5. for; ago（"一段时间+ago"作时间点；或填 since two months ago）6. since（后接过去时从句）7. since（2015是时间点）8. for（时间段） 📝 练习二：用 re- 前缀完成单词 1 Don't throw away the bottle. We can ____ (重新使用) it. 2 After the earthquake, they ____ (重建) their homes. 3 If you fail the exam, you can ____ (重考) it next month. 4 The essay was not good, so I had to ____ (重写) it. 5 We should ____ (重新考虑) our way of living. 6 I want to ____ (重读) this book again. 7 Please ____ (再做) the experiment more carefully. 8 The library will ____ (更新) all its books next year. 9 We ____ (再访) the school three years later. 10 Don't forget to ____ (回收) the waste paper. 【参考答案】 1. reuse2. rebuilt3. retake4. rewrite5. rethink6. reread7. redo8. renew9. revisited10. recycle 📝 练习三：It has been / is + since 句型与 for/since 互换 1 I have lived here for 5 years. → It ____ ____ 5 years since I moved here. 2 He has been away from home since 2020. → It ____ 6 years since he left home. 3 We have learned English for 3 years. → 同义句转换：____ ____ ____ 3 years ____ we started learning English. 4 It has been two months since she joined the club. → 同义句转换：She ____ ____ in the club ____ two months. 5 选择正确的 since 从句时态：It has been 10 years since he ____ (come / came / has come) to this city. 【参考答案】 1. has been（It has been + 时间段 + since + 过去时从句）2. is / has been（两种形式均可）3. It has been; since（for → It has been + 时间段 + since）4. has been; for（It has been + 时间段 + since → has been + for + 时间段）5. came（since 后从句用一般过去时） 📝 练习三：用 How long 提问，根据提示回答 1 I have lived in Beijing for 10 years. → ____ ____ ____ you ____ in Beijing? 2 He has worked here since 2015. → ____ ____ ____ he ____ here? 3 She has studied English for 3 years. → ____ ____ ____ she ____ English? 4 We have been friends since primary school. → ____ ____ ____ you ____ friends? 5 My father has been a doctor for 20 years. → ____ ____ ____ your father ____ a doctor? 【参考答案】 1. How long have; lived2. How long has; worked3. How long has; studied4. How long have; been5. How long has; been 📝 练习四：3R 环保原则辨析（reduce / reuse / recycle） 1 We should try to ____ (减少) the amount of waste we produce. 2 Before you throw away the plastic bag, you can ____ (再利用) it. 3 We can ____ (回收利用) old newspapers to make new paper. 4 To ____ (减少) means trying to produce less trash. 5 When we ____ (回收), we turn used materials into new products. 6 ____ (再利用) means making use of something again. 【参考答案】 1. reduce2. reuse3. recycle4. reduce5. recycle6. Reusing ✏ 重点句式 ① 现在完成时 + for / since You have volunteered in an environmental organization since last year. I have kept sorting the waste for five days. ② How long has / have ...? — 询问持续时间 — How long has your city sorted the waste? — Since 2020. ③ ... have / has done sth. — 描述已采取的环保行动 People have planted trees everywhere. People have stopped cutting down trees. ④ reduce / reuse / recycle — 环保三R原则 To reduce means trying to produce less trash.（减少=尽量少产生垃圾） Reusing means making use of something again.（再利用=再次使用） When we recycle, we turn used materials into new products.（回收=变废为宝） ✏ 句式配套练习 📝 练习一：How long 提问回答 1 — ____ ____ you ____ in this school? — For three years. （be） 2 — ____ ____ your father ____ a teacher? — Since 2010. 3 — ____ ____ you ____ the green life? — For about two years. （live） 4 — ____ ____ your city ____ waste? — Since 2018. （sort） 5 — ____ ____ he ____ an environmentalist? — For five years. （be） 【参考答案】 1. How long have; been2. How long has; been3. How long have; lived4. How long has; sorted5. How long has; been 📝 练习二：用 3R 原则填空（reduce / reuse / recycle） 1 To ____ means trying to produce less trash. 2 ____ means making use of something again. 3 When we ____, we turn used materials into new products. 4 The three R's of environmental protection are reduce, ____ and recycle. 5 We should ____ the amount of plastic we use every day. 【参考答案】 1. reduce2. Reusing（动名词作主语）3. recycle4. reuse（reduce, reuse, recycle）5. reduce 📝 练习三：英汉互译（运用本单元重点句式） 1 我已经在这所学校学习三年了。 2 — 你们城市垃圾分类多久了？— 自从 2020 年起。 3 How long have you lived a low-carbon life? 4 People have planted millions of trees since 2000. 5 Reusing means making use of something again. 【参考答案】 1. I have studied in this school for three years.2. — How long has your city sorted the waste? — Since 2020.3. 你过低碳生活多久了？4. 自 2000 年起，人们已经种下了数百万棵树。5. 再利用就是再次使用某物。 📋 Unit 3 综合训练 综合卷一：词汇与短语综合运用（10 题） 1 Air and water ____ (pollute) are serious ____ (environment) problems. 2 The river is ____ (pollute) by the factory. We must take ____ (act) now. 3 Smoking is ____ (harm) to your health. You should give it up. 4 We should ____ the earth ____ ____（保护……免受）pollution. 5 ____ ____ ____（总之）, we should live a low-carbon life. 6 We should ____ (recycle) waste paper, ____ (reuse) plastic bags, and ____ (reduce) the use of plastic. 7 He ____ (donate) all his old clothes ____ the children in poor areas. 8 Pollution ____ our health ____ ____（将……置于危险中）. 9 We should make ____ (effort) ____ (do) something for the environment. 10 Don't ____ ____ (扔掉) the bottles. You can ____ (recycle) them. 【参考答案】 1. pollution; environmental2. polluted; action3. harmful4. protect; from5. In a word6. recycle; reuse; reduce7. donated; to8. puts; at risk9. efforts; to do10. throw away; recycle 综合卷二：现在完成时与 re- 前缀综合 1 用 for 或 since：I have studied English ____ five years. 2 用 for 或 since：He has lived here ____ 2010. 3 用 re- 前缀填空：After the test, the teacher asked him to ____ (重写) the essay. 4 用 re- 前缀填空：They will ____ (重建) the bridge next year. 5 用 re- 前缀填空：Please ____ (重新使用) the old boxes. Don't throw them away. 6 翻译：他自从去年就一直参加环保志愿活动。 7 翻译：我们应该努力减少污染，保护环境。 8 句型转换：I have lived here for 5 years. → ____ ____ ____ you ____ here? 【参考答案】 1. for2. since3. rewrite4. rebuild5. reuse6. He has taken part in the environmental volunteer activities since last year.7. We should make efforts to reduce pollution and protect the environment.8. How long have; lived 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ UNIT 3 / A Green Earth, a Better Home Big Question: How can you be a green person? 📚 重点词汇（含词族拓展） Preparing for the Topic pollution / pollute / polluted /pəˈluːʃn/ / /pəˈluːt/ n. / v. / adj. pollution n. 污染；pollute v. 污染；polluted adj. 受污染的 词族拓展（超重点！）： pollute (v. 污染) → pollution (n. 污染，不可数) → polluted (adj. 受污染的) 短 语：air / water / noise / soil pollution 空气/水/噪音/土壤污染 cause pollution 造成污染 prevent pollution 防止污染 例句对比：Factories pollute the river. （工厂污染河流。）[动词] / The pollution is serious. （污染很严重。）[名词] / The polluted water is harmful. （受污染的水有害。）[形容词] The pollution here is very serious. （这里的污染很严重。） Don't pollute the environment. （不要污染环境。） environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 自然环境的；与环境有关的 词族拓展（重点！）： environ (v. 环绕) → environment (n. 环境) → environmental (adj. 环境的) → environmentalist (n. 环保主义者) -al 形容词后缀：nation → national；nature → natural；culture → cultural 短 语：protect the environment 保护环境 / environmental protection 环境保护 We should protect our environment. （我们应该保护环境。） Environmental protection is everyone's duty. （环保是每个人的责任。） recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ v. 回收利用，再利用 词族拓展： re- (前缀，再) + cycle (循环) → recycle (v. 回收利用) → recycling (n. 回收利用) → recyclable (adj. 可回收利用的) 同根词：reuse（再利用）；reduce（减少）；recover（恢复） We should recycle waste paper and plastic bottles. （我们应该回收废纸和塑料瓶。） donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ v. 捐赠，赠送 donate (v. 捐赠) → donation (n. 捐赠物；捐款) → donor (n. 捐赠者) 搭配：donate sth. to ... 把某物捐赠给…… He donated his old books to the charity. （他把旧书捐赠给了慈善机构。） Exploring the Topic suffer /ˈsʌfə(r)/ v. （因疾病、痛苦等）受苦，受折磨；遭受 suffer (v. 遭受) → suffering (n. 痛苦；苦难) 短 语：suffer from ... 患（病）；受……之苦 suffer a loss 遭受损失 suffer hunger 挨饿 He suffers from high blood pressure. （他患有高血压。） The area suffered a serious flood last year. （这个地区去年遭受了严重洪灾。） cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/ v. 合作；协作 cooperate (v. 合作) → cooperation (n. 合作) → cooperative (adj. 合作的) 短 语：cooperate with sb. 与某人合作 in cooperation with 与……合作 We should cooperate with each other to protect the earth. （我们应该相互合作来保护地球。） The two countries worked in close cooperation. （两国紧密合作。） Wrapping Up carbon /ˈkɑːbən/ n. 碳 carbon dioxide (CO₂) low-carbon life carbon footprint We should live a low-carbon life to protect the earth. （我们应该过低碳生活来保护地球。） ✏ 词汇配套练习 📝 练习一：用 pollute 的词族填空 1 The ____ (pollute) in this city is getting worse. 2 Factories ____ (pollution) the river every day. 3 Many fish died in the ____ (pollute) water. 4 We should take action to stop air ____ (pollute). 5 The ____ (pollute) from cars is a big problem. 📝 练习二：用括号内词的适当形式填空 1 We should take ____ (act) to protect the environment. 2 His ____ (suffer) from the disease lasted for years. 3 The two companies decided to ____ (cooperative). 4 He made a ____ (donate) to the charity. 5 We need to live a ____ (low) carbon life. 📝 练习三：用 environment / environmental / environmentalist 填空 1 We should protect our ____ (环境). 2 Air pollution is a serious ____ (环境的) problem. 3 He is an ____ (环保主义者) and has planted thousands of trees. 4 Many ____ (环保主义者) are working hard to save the planet. 5 The factory caused ____ (环境的) damage to the river. 📝 练习四：recycle 词族与 3R 辨析 1 We should ____ (回收) waste paper and plastic bottles. 2 Paper, glass and metal are ____ (可回收的). 4 Waste ____ (回收利用) is important for environmental protection. 5 Don't throw away the bottle. You can ____ (reuse) it as a flowerpot. 6 We should ____ (reduce) the use of plastic bags. 📝 练习五：suffer from / donate to / cooperate with 搭配 1 He ____ ____ (患) high blood pressure for years. 2 She ____ ____ ____ (捐赠了) all her old clothes ____ the children in poor areas. 3 We should ____ ____ (与……合作) each other to protect the environment. 4 The village ____ ____ (遭受了) a serious flood last year. 5 The old man ____ ____ ____ (捐钱给) the Hope Project every year. 🔗 重点短语（含详解） be harmful to 对……有危害 用法讲解：to 是介词，后接名词或动名词。 同义表达：do harm to ...；be bad for ... 反义表达：be good for ...；be beneficial to ...   • Smoking is harmful to your health.（吸烟有害健康。） take action 采取行动 用法讲解：action 是名词，作可数或不可数。 搭配：take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事   • We should take action to protect the environment.（我们应该采取行动保护环境。） 同义：take measures to do sth.；take steps to do sth. put ... at risk 将……置于危险之中 用法讲解：at risk = in danger，处于危险中。   • Pollution puts our health at risk.（污染使我们的健康处于危险中。） 搭配：at risk 处于危险中；run the risk of 冒……的风险 protect ... from ... 保护……免受……伤害 用法讲解：from 后接伤害的源头（名词或 v-ing）。 同义：protect ... against ...   • We should protect the earth from being polluted.（我们应该保护地球免受污染。）   • Sunglasses protect our eyes from the sun.（太阳镜保护我们的眼睛免受阳光伤害。） make efforts to do sth. 尽力去做某事 用法讲解：effort 是可数或不可数名词。 搭配：spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事；make an effort 努力   • We should make efforts to reduce pollution.（我们应该努力减少污染。） throw away 扔掉；waste sorting 垃圾分类 throw away：及物动词短语，后接宾语。如果宾语是代词，必须放在中间：throw it away（✓）；throw away it（✗）。 waste sorting：sort 作动词表示"分类；整理"。sort the waste = 进行垃圾分类。 as a result 结果是；因此 用法讲解：as a result 是副词短语，连接两个句子，表示"因此，结果是"。 辨析：as a result（因此，连接词）；result in（导致，动词短语）；result from（由……引起）   • He worked hard. As a result, he passed the exam.（他学习努力，因此通过了考试。） ✏ 短语配套练习 📝 练习一：根据中文提示完成短语 1 Smoking is ____ ____ ____（对……有害）your health. 2 We should ____ ____ to protect the environment. 3 We must ____ the earth ____ ____（保护……免受）pollution. 4 ____ ____ ____（总之）, we should live a low-carbon life. 5 Don't ____ ____（扔掉）the old books. You can donate them. 6 Pollution ____ our health ____ ____（使……处于危险中）. 7 We should ____ ____ ____ ____（努力做某事）reduce waste. 8 He worked hard every day. ____ ____ ____（因此）, he passed the exam. 📝 练习二：完成下列句子，注意动词形式 1 Smoking is ____（harm）to your health. 2 We should take action to ____（protect）the earth from ____（pollute）. 3 Don't throw ____（it）away. You can reuse it.（用代词填空） 4 All of us should make ____（effort）to save water. 5 The factory put the fish's life ____（risk）by dumping waste into the river. 6 We should learn to sort the ____（waste）before throwing it away. 📝 练习三：英汉互译 1 垃圾分类对保护环境非常重要。 2 工厂把我们的健康置于危险之中。 3 我们应该努力减少污染。 4 He was absent yesterday. As a result, he missed the important meeting. 5 In a word, we should protect the earth from being polluted. 📐 语法精讲 + 配套练习 一、前缀 re-（表示"再、重新"） 加在动词前，表示"再次、重新"做某事。 注意：re- 前缀后的单词重音通常落在第二个音节：reCYCLE；reBUILD；reWRITE。 二、现在完成时（二）— for & since 的区别 核心区别：for + 时间段（a period of time）；since + 时间点（a point in time） 易错点（超重要！）： ① since 从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时：    ✓ I have taught here since I graduated.（毕业是过去，教学持续到现在） ② for + since 不能混用：    ✗ I have lived here for 2014.    ✓ I have lived here since 2014. / for 10 years. ③ how long 提问时长：    — How long have you been here? — For 2 weeks. / Since last month. We haven't seen any waste in the river for several months. I have been in an environmental group since the new term began. She has kept sorting the waste for 3 years. / since 3 years ago. 三、It is / has been + 一段时间 + since... 句型 构成：It is / has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句 转换技巧：这个句型可以和 for/since 句型互相转换：   • I have lived here for 10 years.    = I have lived here since 2014.    = It has been 10 years since I moved here.    = It is 10 years since I moved here. 中考题型：同义句转换常考 for ↔ since ↔ It has been ... since 的互换。 It has been two years since I left school.（我毕业已经两年了。） It is three months since he joined the club.（他加入俱乐部已经三个月了。） ✏ 语法配套练习 📝 练习一：用 for 或 since 填空 1 I have lived in this city ____ 2018. 2 She has worked here ____ five years. 3 We have known each other ____ we were in primary school. 4 He has been ill ____ a week. 5 The park has been open ____ two months ____. 6 We have studied English ____ we were ten years old. 7 He has been a teacher ____ 2015. 8 The film has been on ____ half an hour. 📝 练习二：用 re- 前缀完成单词 1 Don't throw away the bottle. We can ____ (重新使用) it. 2 After the earthquake, they ____ (重建) their homes. 3 If you fail the exam, you can ____ (重考) it next month. 4 The essay was not good, so I had to ____ (重写) it. 5 We should ____ (重新考虑) our way of living. 6 I want to ____ (重读) this book again. 7 Please ____ (再做) the experiment more carefully. 8 The library will ____ (更新) all its books next year. 9 We ____ (再访) the school three years later. 10 Don't forget to ____ (回收) the waste paper. 📝 练习三：It has been / is + since 句型与 for/since 互换 1 I have lived here for 5 years. → It ____ ____ 5 years since I moved here. 2 He has been away from home since 2020. → It ____ 6 years since he left home. 3 We have learned English for 3 years. → 同义句转换：____ ____ ____ 3 years ____ we started learning English. 4 It has been two months since she joined the club. → 同义句转换：She ____ ____ in the club ____ two months. 5 选择正确的 since 从句时态：It has been 10 years since he ____ (come / came / has come) to this city. 📝 练习三：用 How long 提问，根据提示回答 1 I have lived in Beijing for 10 years. → ____ ____ ____ you ____ in Beijing? 2 He has worked here since 2015. → ____ ____ ____ he ____ here? 3 She has studied English for 3 years. → ____ ____ ____ she ____ English? 4 We have been friends since primary school. → ____ ____ ____ you ____ friends? 5 My father has been a doctor for 20 years. → ____ ____ ____ your father ____ a doctor? 📝 练习四：3R 环保原则辨析（reduce / reuse / recycle） 1 We should try to ____ (减少) the amount of waste we produce. 2 Before you throw away the plastic bag, you can ____ (再利用) it. 3 We can ____ (回收利用) old newspapers to make new paper. 4 To ____ (减少) means trying to produce less trash. 5 When we ____ (回收), we turn used materials into new products. 6 ____ (再利用) means making use of something again. ✏ 重点句式 ① 现在完成时 + for / since You have volunteered in an environmental organization since last year. I have kept sorting the waste for five days. ② How long has / have ...? — 询问持续时间 — How long has your city sorted the waste? — Since 2020. ③ ... have / has done sth. — 描述已采取的环保行动 People have planted trees everywhere. People have stopped cutting down trees. ④ reduce / reuse / recycle — 环保三R原则 To reduce means trying to produce less trash.（减少=尽量少产生垃圾） Reusing means making use of something again.（再利用=再次使用） When we recycle, we turn used materials into new products.（回收=变废为宝） ✏ 句式配套练习 📝 练习一：How long 提问回答 1 — ____ ____ you ____ in this school? — For three years. （be） 2 — ____ ____ your father ____ a teacher? — Since 2010. 3 — ____ ____ you ____ the green life? — For about two years. （live） 4 — ____ ____ your city ____ waste? — Since 2018. （sort） 5 — ____ ____ he ____ an environmentalist? — For five years. （be） 📝 练习二：用 3R 原则填空（reduce / reuse / recycle） 1 To ____ means trying to produce less trash. 2 ____ means making use of something again. 3 When we ____, we turn used materials into new products. 4 The three R's of environmental protection are reduce, ____ and recycle. 5 We should ____ the amount of plastic we use every day. 📝 练习三：英汉互译（运用本单元重点句式） 1 我已经在这所学校学习三年了。 2 — 你们城市垃圾分类多久了？— 自从 2020 年起。 3 How long have you lived a low-carbon life? 4 People have planted millions of trees since 2000. 5 Reusing means making use of something again. 📋 Unit 3 综合训练 综合卷一：词汇与短语综合运用（10 题） 1 Air and water ____ (pollute) are serious ____ (environment) problems. 2 The river is ____ (pollute) by the factory. We must take ____ (act) now. 3 Smoking is ____ (harm) to your health. You should give it up. 4 We should ____ the earth ____ ____（保护……免受）pollution. 5 ____ ____ ____（总之）, we should live a low-carbon life. 6 We should ____ (recycle) waste paper, ____ (reuse) plastic bags, and ____ (reduce) the use of plastic. 7 He ____ (donate) all his old clothes ____ the children in poor areas. 8 Pollution ____ our health ____ ____（将……置于危险中）. 9 We should make ____ (effort) ____ (do) something for the environment. 10 Don't ____ ____ (扔掉) the bottles. You can ____ (recycle) them. 综合卷二：现在完成时与 re- 前缀综合 1 用 for 或 since：I have studied English ____ five years. 2 用 for 或 since：He has lived here ____ 2010. 3 用 re- 前缀填空：After the test, the teacher asked him to ____ (重写) the essay. 4 用 re- 前缀填空：They will ____ (重建) the bridge next year. 5 用 re- 前缀填空：Please ____ (重新使用) the old boxes. Don't throw them away. 6 翻译：他自从去年就一直参加环保志愿活动。 7 翻译：我们应该努力减少污染，保护环境。 8 句型转换：I have lived here for 5 years. → ____ ____ ____ you ____ here? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $