Unit4暑期讲义2026～2027学年仁爱科普版九年级上册

UNIT 4 / A Colorful World of Words 📚 重点词汇 official /əˈfɪʃl/ adj. 官方的；正式的 词族拓展： office (n. 办公室) → officer (n. 官员；军官) → official (adj. 官方的 n. 官员) → officially (adv. 正式地) 搭配：official language 官方语言 / official document 官方文件 English is one of the official languages of the UN. （英语是联合国官方语言之一。） brain /breɪn/ n. 脑；大脑 用法讲解：brain 可指"大脑"（器官）或"智力、头脑"。搭配：use your brain 动脑筋 / brain damage 脑损伤 / brain power 脑力 Learning a foreign language is an excellent training of the brain. （学习外语是对大脑的极好训练。） either /ˈaɪðə(r)/ adv. / det. / pron. 也（否定句）；（两者中的）任何一个 用法讲解（重点！）：① either 作副词，用于否定句，表示"也（不）"：I don't know either. ② either...or... 要么……要么……（连接主语时谓语就近一致）③ either 作代词：Either of the two is fine. He can't speak French, and I can't either. （他不会说法语，我也不会。） Either you or he is right. （要么你对，要么他对。） expression /ɪkˈspreʃn/ n. 表情；神色；词语；表达方式 词族拓展： express (v. 表达) → expression (n. 表达；表情) → expressive (adj. 富于表情的) 搭配：facial expression 面部表情 / beyond expression 难以表达 Her expression changed when she heard the news. （听到消息时，她的表情变了。） imitate /ˈɪmɪteɪt/ v. 模仿，仿效 词族拓展： imitate (v. 模仿) → imitation (n. 模仿) → imitative (adj. 模仿的) 搭配：imitate sb.'s accent 模仿某人口音 / in imitation of 模仿 Children often imitate their parents' behavior. （孩子们经常模仿父母的行为。） comprehend /ˌkɒmprɪˈhend/ v. 理解；领悟 词族拓展： comprehend (v. 理解) → comprehension (n. 理解力) → comprehensive (adj. 全面的；综合的) 搭配：reading comprehension 阅读理解 / beyond comprehension 超出理解范围 I couldn't comprehend what he was saying. （我无法理解他在说什么。） native /ˈneɪtɪv/ adj. 本土的；本地的；出生地的 用法讲解：native speaker = 说母语的人。搭配：native language 母语 / native speaker 母语者 / be native to 原产于 She is a native speaker of English. （她是英语母语者。） widely /ˈwaɪdli/ adv. 普遍地；广泛地；范围广地 词族拓展： wide (adj. 宽的) → widely (adv. 广泛地) → width (n. 宽度) → widen (v. 加宽) 搭配：widely used 广泛使用 / widely known 广为人知 / widely spread 广泛传播 English is widely used around the world. （英语在全世界被广泛使用。） influence /ˈɪnfluəns/ v. / n. 影响；支配 词族拓展： influence (v./n. 影响) → influential (adj. 有影响力的) 搭配：influence sb. to do sth. 影响某人做某事 / have an influence on 对……有影响 / under the influence of 在……的影响下 His teaching method has influenced many people. （他的教学方法影响了很多人。） pronounce /prəˈnaʊns/ v. 发音；读（音） 词族拓展： pronounce (v. 发音) → pronunciation (n. 发音) 注意：pronounce 是动词，pronunciation 是名词，拼写不同！ 搭配：pronounce clearly 发音清晰 / correct pronunciation 正确发音 How do you pronounce this word? （这个词怎么发音？） challenging /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ/ adj. 挑战性的 词族拓展： challenge (n./v. 挑战) → challenging (adj. 有挑战性的) → challenger (n. 挑战者) 搭配：a challenging task 有挑战性的任务 / face the challenge 面对挑战 Learning Chinese is challenging but fun. （学中文有挑战性但很有趣。） tourism /ˈtʊərɪzəm/ n. 旅游业；观光业 词族拓展： tour (n./v. 旅行) → tourist (n. 游客) → tourism (n. 旅游业) → touristy (adj. 游客多的) 搭配：tourism industry 旅游产业 / tourist attraction 旅游景点 Tourism is very important to this city. （旅游业对这个城市很重要。） 💬 重点短语 be filled with 充满，装满 用法讲解：be filled with = be full of，后接名词。 搭配：be filled with joy 充满喜悦 / be filled with water 装满水 例句：The room was filled with laughter.（房间里充满了笑声。） be named after 以……命名 用法讲解：name 作动词，表示"命名"。be named after sb./sth. 以某人/某物的名字命名。 例句：The airport is named after Sun Yat-sen.（这个机场以孙中山的名字命名。） one by one 一个接一个 用法讲解：副词短语，表示逐一地、依次地。 类似表达：step by step 逐步地 / day by day 一天天地 / little by little 一点点地 例句：The students answered the questions one by one.（学生们一个接一个地回答问题。） walk sb. through sth. 引导某人了解某事 用法讲解：walk through 本意"走过、穿过"，加 sb. 表示"引导某人逐步了解/熟悉某事"。 例句：Let me walk you through the process.（让我带你了解一下这个过程。） 辨析：walk through 后接地点 = 走过/穿过（They walked through the forest.） last but not least 最后但同样重要的是 用法讲解：用于列举最后一个要点，强调其重要性不亚于前面的。可放句首或句末。 例句：Last but not least, I'd like to thank all my classmates.（最后但同样重要的是，我要感谢所有同学。） long for sth. / long to do sth. 渴望 用法讲解：long 作动词表示"渴望"。long for + 名词；long to + 动词原形。 搭配：long for freedom 渴望自由 / long for sb. to do sth. 期盼某人做某事 例句：She longs to see her family again.（她渴望再次见到家人。） be thankful to sb. 感谢某人 用法讲解：thankful = grateful，搭配：be thankful to sb. for sth. 因某事感谢某人。 例句：I am thankful to my teacher for her help.（我感谢老师的帮助。） across the world = all over the world 在全世界 用法讲解：同义表达：around the world / throughout the world / worldwide。 例句：Chinese culture is spread across the world.（中国文化传播到了全世界。） be considered as 被认为是…… 用法讲解：同义表达：be regarded as / be seen as。 例句：He is considered as one of the greatest scientists.（他被认为是最伟大的科学家之一。） 📐 语法精讲 一、被动语态（II）：将来时被动 & 含情态动词被动 1. 将来时的被动语态 2. 含情态动词的被动语态 ⚠️ 易错点：被动语态中千万别漏掉 be 动词！✗ will visited → ✓ will be visited 二、现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect Continuous) 表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在（可能还会继续），强调动作的持续性。 The classroom is clean now. We have cleaned it.（强调已完成 → 现在完成时） The classroom is still dirty. We have been cleaning it for half an hour.（强调持续 → 现在完成进行时） 三、宾语从句 (Object Clause) —— 时态呼应特例 宾语从句在复合句中作宾语，需注意三要素：引导词、语序（陈述语序）、时态呼应。 ⚠️ 中考高频陷阱：客观真理 / 自然规律不受主句时态限制！ 当宾语从句表示客观真理、自然规律、科学事实时，无论主句是什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时。 典型例句： ▸ The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.（主句过去时，但从句是客观真理 → 仍用一般现在时） ▸ Our geography teacher said that light travels faster than sound.（光速比声速快 → 客观事实） ▸ Galileo proved that the earth is round.（地球是圆的 → 客观事实） ▸ The students learned that water boils at 100°C.（水的沸点 → 科学事实） 🔑 重点句式 As one of the greatest wonders of the world, ... will be visited by ... As one of the greatest wonders of the world, the Great Wall will be visited by many people. （作为世界最伟大的奇迹之一，长城将迎来很多游客。） I have been doing sth. for + 时间段. I have been learning Chinese for three years. （我学中文已经三年了。） Last but not least, I'd like to ... Last but not least, I'd like to introduce Spanish. （最后但同样重要的是，我想介绍西班牙语。） ✏ 配套练习 📝 练习一：词汇填空 1 English is one of the ____ (官方的) languages of the UN. 2 Learning a foreign language is an excellent training of the ____ (大脑). 3 He can't speak German, and I can't ____ (也). 4 Children often ____ (模仿) their parents' behavior. 5 I couldn't ____ (理解) what he was saying. 6 She is a ____ (本地的) speaker of English. 7 English is ____ (广泛地) used around the world. 8 His teaching method has ____ (影响) many people. 【参考答案】 1. official 2. brain 3. either 4. imitate 5. comprehend 6. native 7. widely 8. influenced 📝 练习二：词族转换 1 express (v.) → ____ (n. 表达；表情) 2 imitate (v.) → ____ (n. 模仿) 3 comprehend (v.) → ____ (n. 理解力) 4 wide (adj.) → ____ (adv. 广泛地) 5 pronounce (v.) → ____ (n. 发音) 6 challenge (n.) → ____ (adj. 有挑战性的) 7 tour (n.) → ____ (n. 旅游业) 8 office (n.) → ____ (adj. 官方的) 【参考答案】 1. expression 2. imitation 3. comprehension 4. widely 5. pronunciation 6. challenging 7. tourism 8. official 📝 练习三：被动语态（将来时 & 情态动词） 1 The bridge ____ ____ (will/visit) by many tourists next year. 2 The homework ____ ____ ____ (must/finish) before Friday. 3 Trees ____ ____ ____ (should/plant) in spring. 4 A new school ____ ____ ____ (will/build) in our town next year. 5 The old building ____ ____ ____ (can/protect) by the government. 【参考答案】 1. will be visited 2. must be finished 3. should be planted 4. will be built 5. can be protected 📝 练习四：现在完成时 vs. 现在完成进行时 1 I ____ ____ ____ (learn) Chinese for three years.（强调持续学习的过程） 2 I ____ ____ (clean) the room. It's clean now.（强调已完成的结果） 3 It ____ ____ ____ (rain) for two hours.（强调雨还在下） 4 She ____ ____ (read) three books this week.（强调读了三本书的结果） 5 They ____ ____ ____ (wait) for you since 8 o'clock.（强调一直在等） 【参考答案】 1. have been learning 2. have cleaned 3. has been raining 4. has read 5. have been waiting 📝 练习五：短语翻译 1 充满喜悦 ____ ____ ____ ____ 2 以……命名 ____ ____ ____ 3 一个接一个 ____ ____ ____ 4 最后但同样重要 ____ ____ ____ ____ 5 渴望做某事 ____ ____ ____ ____ 6 在全世界 ____ ____ ____ 7 被认为是 ____ ____ ____ 【参考答案】 1. be filled with joy 2. be named after 3. one by one 4. last but not least 5. long to do sth. 6. across the world 7. be considered as 📝 练习六：宾语从句时态呼应（中考高频考点） 1 The teacher told us that the earth ____ (go) around the sun.（客观真理） 2 He said he ____ (read) a book at that time.（主过从过） 3 Our physics teacher said light ____ (travel) faster than sound.（客观事实） 4 She asked if I ____ (finish) my homework.（主过从过完） 5 The students learned that water ____ (boil) at 100°C.（科学事实） 6 I don't know where he ____ (live) now.（主现从现） 7 Could you tell me when the meeting ____ (start)?（客观安排/主现从现） 8 He said he ____ (be) to Beijing twice.（主过从过完） 【参考答案】 1. goes（客观真理，不受主句过去时限制）2. was reading 3. travels（客观事实）4. had finished 5. boils（科学事实）6. lives 7. starts 8. had been 📝 练习七：任务型阅读（中考题型） 阅读短文，根据短文内容完成表格（每空一词）。 English is one of the most widely used languages in the world. It is the official language of many countries, such as the UK, the USA, Canada and Australia. About 1.5 billion people speak English around the world. English is also the working language of the UN. Learning English helps us communicate with people from different countries and understand different cultures. In China, more and more students are learning English because it is very useful for their future studies and work. 【参考答案】 1. billion 2. Canada 3. working 4. communicate 5. learning 📝 练习八：词语运用（选词填空，注意变形）（中考题型） 从方框中选择合适的词，用其适当形式填空（每词限用一次）。 official wide express challenge pronounce influence tour either 1 English is ____ used in international business. 2 What's the correct ____ of this word? 3 His parents have a great ____ on him. 4 Learning a foreign language is ____ but fun. 5 She can't speak French, and I can't ____. 6 The ____ language of India is Hindi. 7 Many ____ visit the Great Wall every year. 8 I can't find the right words to ____ my feelings. 【参考答案】 1. widely 2. pronunciation 3. influence(n.) 4. challenging 5. either 6. official 7. tourists 8. express 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ UNIT 4 / A Colorful World of Words 📚 重点词汇 official /əˈfɪʃl/ adj. 官方的；正式的 词族拓展： office (n. 办公室) → officer (n. 官员；军官) → official (adj. 官方的 n. 官员) → officially (adv. 正式地) 搭配：official language 官方语言 / official document 官方文件 English is one of the official languages of the UN. （英语是联合国官方语言之一。） brain /breɪn/ n. 脑；大脑 用法讲解：brain 可指"大脑"（器官）或"智力、头脑"。搭配：use your brain 动脑筋 / brain damage 脑损伤 / brain power 脑力 Learning a foreign language is an excellent training of the brain. （学习外语是对大脑的极好训练。） either /ˈaɪðə(r)/ adv. / det. / pron. 也（否定句）；（两者中的）任何一个 用法讲解（重点！）：① either 作副词，用于否定句，表示"也（不）"：I don't know either. ② either...or... 要么……要么……（连接主语时谓语就近一致）③ either 作代词：Either of the two is fine. He can't speak French, and I can't either. （他不会说法语，我也不会。） Either you or he is right. （要么你对，要么他对。） expression /ɪkˈspreʃn/ n. 表情；神色；词语；表达方式 词族拓展： express (v. 表达) → expression (n. 表达；表情) → expressive (adj. 富于表情的) 搭配：facial expression 面部表情 / beyond expression 难以表达 Her expression changed when she heard the news. （听到消息时，她的表情变了。） imitate /ˈɪmɪteɪt/ v. 模仿，仿效 词族拓展： imitate (v. 模仿) → imitation (n. 模仿) → imitative (adj. 模仿的) 搭配：imitate sb.'s accent 模仿某人口音 / in imitation of 模仿 Children often imitate their parents' behavior. （孩子们经常模仿父母的行为。） comprehend /ˌkɒmprɪˈhend/ v. 理解；领悟 词族拓展： comprehend (v. 理解) → comprehension (n. 理解力) → comprehensive (adj. 全面的；综合的) 搭配：reading comprehension 阅读理解 / beyond comprehension 超出理解范围 I couldn't comprehend what he was saying. （我无法理解他在说什么。） native /ˈneɪtɪv/ adj. 本土的；本地的；出生地的 用法讲解：native speaker = 说母语的人。搭配：native language 母语 / native speaker 母语者 / be native to 原产于 She is a native speaker of English. （她是英语母语者。） widely /ˈwaɪdli/ adv. 普遍地；广泛地；范围广地 词族拓展： wide (adj. 宽的) → widely (adv. 广泛地) → width (n. 宽度) → widen (v. 加宽) 搭配：widely used 广泛使用 / widely known 广为人知 / widely spread 广泛传播 English is widely used around the world. （英语在全世界被广泛使用。） influence /ˈɪnfluəns/ v. / n. 影响；支配 词族拓展： influence (v./n. 影响) → influential (adj. 有影响力的) 搭配：influence sb. to do sth. 影响某人做某事 / have an influence on 对……有影响 / under the influence of 在……的影响下 His teaching method has influenced many people. （他的教学方法影响了很多人。） pronounce /prəˈnaʊns/ v. 发音；读（音） 词族拓展： pronounce (v. 发音) → pronunciation (n. 发音) 注意：pronounce 是动词，pronunciation 是名词，拼写不同！ 搭配：pronounce clearly 发音清晰 / correct pronunciation 正确发音 How do you pronounce this word? （这个词怎么发音？） challenging /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ/ adj. 挑战性的 词族拓展： challenge (n./v. 挑战) → challenging (adj. 有挑战性的) → challenger (n. 挑战者) 搭配：a challenging task 有挑战性的任务 / face the challenge 面对挑战 Learning Chinese is challenging but fun. （学中文有挑战性但很有趣。） tourism /ˈtʊərɪzəm/ n. 旅游业；观光业 词族拓展： tour (n./v. 旅行) → tourist (n. 游客) → tourism (n. 旅游业) → touristy (adj. 游客多的) 搭配：tourism industry 旅游产业 / tourist attraction 旅游景点 Tourism is very important to this city. （旅游业对这个城市很重要。） 💬 重点短语 be filled with 充满，装满 用法讲解：be filled with = be full of，后接名词。 搭配：be filled with joy 充满喜悦 / be filled with water 装满水 例句：The room was filled with laughter.（房间里充满了笑声。） be named after 以……命名 用法讲解：name 作动词，表示"命名"。be named after sb./sth. 以某人/某物的名字命名。 例句：The airport is named after Sun Yat-sen.（这个机场以孙中山的名字命名。） one by one 一个接一个 用法讲解：副词短语，表示逐一地、依次地。 类似表达：step by step 逐步地 / day by day 一天天地 / little by little 一点点地 例句：The students answered the questions one by one.（学生们一个接一个地回答问题。） walk sb. through sth. 引导某人了解某事 用法讲解：walk through 本意"走过、穿过"，加 sb. 表示"引导某人逐步了解/熟悉某事"。 例句：Let me walk you through the process.（让我带你了解一下这个过程。） 辨析：walk through 后接地点 = 走过/穿过（They walked through the forest.） last but not least 最后但同样重要的是 用法讲解：用于列举最后一个要点，强调其重要性不亚于前面的。可放句首或句末。 例句：Last but not least, I'd like to thank all my classmates.（最后但同样重要的是，我要感谢所有同学。） long for sth. / long to do sth. 渴望 用法讲解：long 作动词表示"渴望"。long for + 名词；long to + 动词原形。 搭配：long for freedom 渴望自由 / long for sb. to do sth. 期盼某人做某事 例句：She longs to see her family again.（她渴望再次见到家人。） be thankful to sb. 感谢某人 用法讲解：thankful = grateful，搭配：be thankful to sb. for sth. 因某事感谢某人。 例句：I am thankful to my teacher for her help.（我感谢老师的帮助。） across the world = all over the world 在全世界 用法讲解：同义表达：around the world / throughout the world / worldwide。 例句：Chinese culture is spread across the world.（中国文化传播到了全世界。） be considered as 被认为是…… 用法讲解：同义表达：be regarded as / be seen as。 例句：He is considered as one of the greatest scientists.（他被认为是最伟大的科学家之一。） 📐 语法精讲 一、被动语态（II）：将来时被动 & 含情态动词被动 1. 将来时的被动语态 2. 含情态动词的被动语态 ⚠️ 易错点：被动语态中千万别漏掉 be 动词！✗ will visited → ✓ will be visited 二、现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect Continuous) 表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在（可能还会继续），强调动作的持续性。 The classroom is clean now. We have cleaned it.（强调已完成 → 现在完成时） The classroom is still dirty. We have been cleaning it for half an hour.（强调持续 → 现在完成进行时） 三、宾语从句 (Object Clause) —— 时态呼应特例 宾语从句在复合句中作宾语，需注意三要素：引导词、语序（陈述语序）、时态呼应。 ⚠️ 中考高频陷阱：客观真理 / 自然规律不受主句时态限制！ 当宾语从句表示客观真理、自然规律、科学事实时，无论主句是什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时。 典型例句： ▸ The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.（主句过去时，但从句是客观真理 → 仍用一般现在时） ▸ Our geography teacher said that light travels faster than sound.（光速比声速快 → 客观事实） ▸ Galileo proved that the earth is round.（地球是圆的 → 客观事实） ▸ The students learned that water boils at 100°C.（水的沸点 → 科学事实） 🔑 重点句式 As one of the greatest wonders of the world, ... will be visited by ... As one of the greatest wonders of the world, the Great Wall will be visited by many people. （作为世界最伟大的奇迹之一，长城将迎来很多游客。） I have been doing sth. for + 时间段. I have been learning Chinese for three years. （我学中文已经三年了。） Last but not least, I'd like to ... Last but not least, I'd like to introduce Spanish. （最后但同样重要的是，我想介绍西班牙语。） ✏ 配套练习 📝 练习一：词汇填空 1 English is one of the ____ (官方的) languages of the UN. 2 Learning a foreign language is an excellent training of the ____ (大脑). 3 He can't speak German, and I can't ____ (也). 4 Children often ____ (模仿) their parents' behavior. 5 I couldn't ____ (理解) what he was saying. 6 She is a ____ (本地的) speaker of English. 7 English is ____ (广泛地) used around the world. 8 His teaching method has ____ (影响) many people. 📝 练习二：词族转换 1 express (v.) → ____ (n. 表达；表情) 2 imitate (v.) → ____ (n. 模仿) 3 comprehend (v.) → ____ (n. 理解力) 4 wide (adj.) → ____ (adv. 广泛地) 5 pronounce (v.) → ____ (n. 发音) 6 challenge (n.) → ____ (adj. 有挑战性的) 7 tour (n.) → ____ (n. 旅游业) 8 office (n.) → ____ (adj. 官方的) 📝 练习三：被动语态（将来时 & 情态动词） 1 The bridge ____ ____ (will/visit) by many tourists next year. 2 The homework ____ ____ ____ (must/finish) before Friday. 3 Trees ____ ____ ____ (should/plant) in spring. 4 A new school ____ ____ ____ (will/build) in our town next year. 5 The old building ____ ____ ____ (can/protect) by the government. 📝 练习四：现在完成时 vs. 现在完成进行时 1 I ____ ____ ____ (learn) Chinese for three years.（强调持续学习的过程） 2 I ____ ____ (clean) the room. It's clean now.（强调已完成的结果） 3 It ____ ____ ____ (rain) for two hours.（强调雨还在下） 4 She ____ ____ (read) three books this week.（强调读了三本书的结果） 5 They ____ ____ ____ (wait) for you since 8 o'clock.（强调一直在等） 📝 练习五：短语翻译 1 充满喜悦 ____ ____ ____ ____ 2 以……命名 ____ ____ ____ 3 一个接一个 ____ ____ ____ 4 最后但同样重要 ____ ____ ____ ____ 5 渴望做某事 ____ ____ ____ ____ 6 在全世界 ____ ____ ____ 7 被认为是 ____ ____ ____ 📝 练习六：宾语从句时态呼应（中考高频考点） 1 The teacher told us that the earth ____ (go) around the sun.（客观真理） 2 He said he ____ (read) a book at that time.（主过从过） 3 Our physics teacher said light ____ (travel) faster than sound.（客观事实） 4 She asked if I ____ (finish) my homework.（主过从过完） 5 The students learned that water ____ (boil) at 100°C.（科学事实） 6 I don't know where he ____ (live) now.（主现从现） 7 Could you tell me when the meeting ____ (start)?（客观安排/主现从现） 8 He said he ____ (be) to Beijing twice.（主过从过完） 📝 练习七：任务型阅读（中考题型） 阅读短文，根据短文内容完成表格（每空一词）。 English is one of the most widely used languages in the world. It is the official language of many countries, such as the UK, the USA, Canada and Australia. About 1.5 billion people speak English around the world. English is also the working language of the UN. Learning English helps us communicate with people from different countries and understand different cultures. In China, more and more students are learning English because it is very useful for their future studies and work. 📝 练习八：词语运用（选词填空，注意变形）（中考题型） 从方框中选择合适的词，用其适当形式填空（每词限用一次）。 official wide express challenge pronounce influence tour either 1 English is ____ used in international business. 2 What's the correct ____ of this word? 3 His parents have a great ____ on him. 4 Learning a foreign language is ____ but fun. 5 She can't speak French, and I can't ____. 6 The ____ language of India is Hindi. 7 Many ____ visit the Great Wall every year. 8 I can't find the right words to ____ my feelings. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $