Unit 1暑期讲义2026～2027学年仁爱科普版英语九年级上册

UNIT 1 A Changing World Big Question: What changes have taken place around you? 📚 重点词汇（含词族拓展） Preparing for the Topic leisure /ˈleʒə(r)/ n. 休闲活动；空闲，闲暇 词族拓展： leisure (n. 闲暇) → leisurely (adj. 悠闲的；adv. 从容地) 搭配：leisure activity 休闲活动 / leisure time 空闲时间 / at leisure 从容地，有空 用法讲解：leisure 是不可数名词，指"空闲时间"，不与其他形容词连用表示"空闲的"时，常用 free time 替代。leisure 多用于书面语。 People have more leisure time nowadays. （如今人们有更多的空闲时间。） treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/ n. 治疗；疗法；诊治；对待 词族拓展： treat (v. 治疗；对待) → treatment (n. 治疗；对待) → treatable (adj. 可治疗的) 常见搭配：medical treatment 医疗 / fair treatment 公平对待 / receive treatment 接受治疗 用法讲解：treatment 后接 of 表示"对……的治疗/对待"。可作可数或不可数名词。 He is receiving treatment in the hospital. （他正在医院接受治疗。） nowadays /ˈnaʊədeɪz/ adv. 现今；现在；目前 用法讲解：nowadays 常用于句首或句末，表示与过去对比。多用于一般现在时，含"与过去不同"的意味。类似表达：these days, at present。 Nowadays, people communicate by smart phone. （如今人们用智能手机沟通。） recent /ˈriːsnt/ adj. 近来的；最近的 词族拓展： recent (adj. 最近的) → recently (adv. 最近) 搭配：in recent years 近年来 / recent news 最新消息 短 语：in recent years 近年来 / a recent study 一项最近的研究 In recent years, great changes have taken place. （近年来，发生了巨大的变化。） Have you seen Xiao Ya recently? （你最近见过小雅吗？） Exploring the Topic international /ˌɪntəˈnæʃənəl/ adj. 国际的 词族拓展： nation (n. 国家；民族) → national (adj. 国家的) → international (adj. 国际的) 前缀 inter- = between/among（相互，之间） international city international news international meeting narrow /ˈnærəʊ/ adj. / v. adj. 狭窄的；v. 使变窄；缩小 词族拓展： narrow (adj. 窄的) ↔ wide (adj. 宽的) narrow (v. 缩小) → narrow down (phr. 缩小范围) The roads were very narrow in the past. （过去道路很窄。） apartment /əˈpɑːtmənt/ n. 公寓套房（美式英语） 用法讲解：美式英语用 apartment，英式英语用 flat。apartment building = 公寓楼。 短 语：apartment building/house 公寓楼 a two-bedroom apartment 两居室的公寓 Many people in cities live in apartments now. （现在城市里很多人住在公寓里。） pleasure /ˈpleʒə(r)/ n. 高兴；快乐；愉快；乐事 词族拓展： please (v. 使高兴；int. 请) → pleasure (n. 愉快) → pleasant (adj. 令人愉快的) → pleased (adj. 感到高兴的) 辨析：pleasant（令人愉快的，修饰物）；pleased（感到高兴的，修饰人） 短 语：with pleasure 乐意地 / It's a pleasure. 不用谢。/ My pleasure. 我的荣幸。 It's my pleasure to help you. （帮助你是我的荣幸。） I'm pleased with your progress. （我对你的进步感到高兴。）[pleased 修饰人] conclusion /kənˈkluːʒn/ n. 结论，推论；结束 词族拓展： conclude (v. 得出结论；结束) → conclusion (n. 结论) 搭配：in conclusion 总之 / draw a conclusion 得出结论 / come to a conclusion 得出结论 In conclusion, we should keep up with the changing world. （总之，我们应该跟上变化的世界。） Grammar in Use（重点词族词） pollute / pollution /pəˈluːt/ / /pəˈluːʃn/ v. / n. pollute v. 污染；pollution n. 污染 词族拓展（重点！）： pollute (v. 污染) → pollution (n. 污染) → polluted (adj. 受污染的) 例句对比： Factories pollute the river. （工厂污染河流。）[动词] The pollution is serious. （污染很严重。）[名词] The polluted water is harmful. （受污染的水有害。）[形容词] 用法讲解：pollute 是及物动词，直接接宾语。pollution 作不可数名词，常与 environmental 连用：environmental pollution 环境污染。 air pollution water pollution noise pollution serious pollution excite 词族 /ɪkˈsaɪt/ v. 使激动；使兴奋 词族拓展（重点！）： excite (v. 使激动) → excitement (n. 兴奋，激动) excited (adj. 感到兴奋的，修饰人) ↔ exciting (adj. 令人兴奋的，修饰物) 短 语：be excited about 对……感到兴奋 be excited to do sth. 兴奋地做某事 in excitement 兴奋中 类似词族：interest → interested/interesting；surprise → surprised/surprising The news excited everyone. （这个消息让所有人都很兴奋。）[动词] The children were excited about the trip to Beijing. （孩子们对去北京的旅行感到兴奋。）[be excited about] happiness /ˈhæpinəs/ n. 快乐；高兴；幸福 词族拓展： happy (adj. 快乐的) → happiness (n. 幸福) → happily (adv. 快乐地) → unhappy (adj. 不快乐的) -ness 是名词后缀，加在形容词后变为抽象名词：sad → sadness；kind → kindness；ill → illness 短 语：pursue happiness 追求幸福 Tears of happiness 幸福的泪水 Money cannot buy real happiness. （金钱买不到真正的幸福。） They lived happily ever after. （他们从此过上了幸福的生活。） comfort /ˈkʌmfət/ n. / v. n. 安慰；慰藉；舒适；v. 安慰 词族拓展： comfort (n./v. 舒适/安慰) → comfortable (adj. 舒适的) → comfortably (adv. 舒适地) → uncomfortable (adj. 不舒适的) 短 语：live in comfort 生活舒适 comfort sb. with sth. 用某物安慰某人 be comfortable with 对……感到自在 She tried to comfort the crying child. （她试着安慰那个哭着的孩子。）[v. 安慰] They live a life of great comfort. （他们过着非常舒适的生活。）[n. 舒适] remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ v. 仍然是；保持不变；剩余；停留 用法讲解：remain 作系动词，后接名词或形容词，表示"仍然是"：remain + adj./n.。不用于进行时。 也可表示"剩下"：There remains nothing to do.（没有什么可做的了。） The town remains the same as before. （这个小镇仍然和以前一样。） Developing & Wrapping Up amusement /əˈmjuːzmənt/ n. 娱乐；消遣；娱乐活动 词族拓展： amuse (v. 使娱乐；逗乐) → amusement (n. 娱乐) → amusing (adj. 有趣的，好笑的) → amused (adj. 觉得好笑的) 短 语：amusement park 游乐园 / to one's amusement 让某人感到有趣的是 / for amusement 为了消遣 辨析：amusement（娱乐、消遣，侧重消遣活动）vs. entertainment（娱乐、表演，侧重提供娱乐的行为）vs. leisure（闲暇时间，侧重空闲） Amusement park 是"游乐园"的固定说法。 They went to the amusement park last Sunday. （上周日他们去了游乐园。） He reads books for amusement. （他读书是为了消遣。） familiar /fəˈmɪliə(r)/ adj. 熟悉的；常见到的 词族拓展： family (n. 家庭) → familiar (adj. 熟悉的) → familiarity (n. 熟悉) 搭配：be familiar with sb./sth. 熟悉某人/某物（人作主语） be familiar to sb. 为某人所熟知（物作主语） I am familiar with this song. （我熟悉这首歌。） This song is familiar to me. （这首歌我为所熟知。） complete /kəmˈpliːt/ v. / adj. v. 完成，结束；adj. 完整的；彻底的 词族拓展： complete (v. 完成) → completion (n. 完成) → completely (adv. 完全地) 短 语：complete a task 完成一项任务 / a complete success 圆满成功 / completely different 完全不同 They have completed the new railway. （他们已经建成了新铁路。） It was a complete success. （这是一次圆满的成功。）[adj. 完整的] ✏词汇配套练习 📝 练习一：用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1 The river has been ______ (pollute) by the factory. 2 The children were ______ (excite) about the ______ (excite) news. 3 In recent ______ (year), great changes have taken place. 4 People in the past lived a hard ______ (life). Now their life is more ______ (comfort). 5 I am very ______ (familiar) with this place. It has changed beyond recognition. 【参考答案】 1. polluted（受污染的，形容词）2. excited; exciting（感到激动的；令人激动的）3. years（in recent years 近年来）4. life; comfortable（生活；更舒适的）5. unfamiliar（不熟悉了，因为变化太大） 📝 练习二：根据中文提示完成句子 1 Many people have moved into ______ ______ （现代化的公寓套房）. 2 The small town has ______ ______ ______ （发生了巨大变化）. 3 Nowadays, the ______ ______ （高铁）makes travel much faster. 4 We should ______ ______ （跟上）the changing world. 【参考答案】 1. modern apartment suites / modern apartments2. changed greatly / taken place greatly3. high-speed railway4. keep up with 📝 练习三：用 happy / happily / happiness / unhappy 填空 1 She lives a ____ (幸福) life with her family. 2 He smiled ____ (幸福地) when he saw the gift. 3 Money cannot buy ____ (幸福). 4 The ____ (不开心的) boy sat in the corner alone. 5 The story has a ____ (快乐的) ending. 【参考答案】 1. happy / happy（修饰名词 life，形容词）2. happily（修饰动词 smiled，副词）3. happiness（动词 buy 后接名词）4. unhappy（修饰名词 boy，形容词）5. happy（修饰名词 ending） 📝 练习四：pleasant vs. pleased / familiar with vs. familiar to / excited about 辨析 1 The weather is ____ (令人愉快的) today. Let's go out. 2 I'm ____ (感到高兴的) to see you again. 3 I am ____ (熟悉) with the customs here. 4 The song is ____ (熟悉) to me. I have heard it many times. 5 The book is ____ (令人愉快的) to read. 6 The teacher was ____ (感到高兴的) with our work. 7 The children are ____ (感到兴奋的) ____ (关于) the coming holiday. 8 I am very ____ (熟悉) ____ (与) the city because I have lived here for years. 【参考答案】 1. pleasant（修饰物 weather，意为"令人愉快的"）2. pleased（修饰人 I，意为"感到高兴的"）3. familiar（I am familiar with ... 我熟悉……）4. familiar（The song is familiar to me. 这首歌为我所熟悉）5. pleasant（修饰物 book）6. pleased（修饰人 teacher）7. excited; about（be excited about 对……感到兴奋）8. familiar; with（be familiar with 对……熟悉） 📝 练习五：写出下列形容词的反义词 1 narrow（狭窄的）→ ____ 2 comfortable（舒适的）→ ____ 3 familiar（熟悉的）→ ____ 4 polluted（受污染的）→ ____ 5 modern（现代的）→ ____ 6 international（国际的）→ ____ 【参考答案】 1. wide2. uncomfortable3. unfamiliar4. clean / unpolluted5. traditional / ancient6. national / domestic / local 🔗 重点短语（含详解） used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 用法讲解： ① used to + do（动词原形），只用于过去时。 ② 否定：didn't use to 或 used not to；疑问：Did ... use to ...? ③ 辨析：used to do（过去常常）vs. be used to doing（习惯于）vs. be used to do（被用来做）   • I used to get up late.（我过去常晚起。）   • I am used to getting up early.（我习惯于早起。）   • Wood is used to make paper.（木头被用来造纸。） There used to be few hospitals here. （这里过去几乎没有医院。） get in touch with 与……取得联系 用法讲解： touch 在此表示"联系、联络"。 反义短语：lose touch with 与……失去联系 类似表达：keep in touch with 与……保持联系   • get out of touch with 与……失去联系 It's easy to get in touch with friends by smart phone. （用智能手机很容易与朋友取得联系。） take place 发生 用法讲解：take place 是不及物动词短语，无被动语态。 辨析：take place（有计划地发生）vs. happen（偶然发生）   • The meeting will take place next week.（会议将于下周举行。）   • What happened to you?（你发生了什么事？） make (great) progress 取得（很大的）进步 用法讲解：progress 是不可数名词，不能加 s。不用 make a progress。 搭配：make great / much progress 取得很大进步 He has made great progress in English. （他英语取得了很大进步。） have / has been to vs. have / has gone to 用法讲解（重点！）： ① have been to + 地点：去过某地（已回来），强调经历。   • I have been to Beijing twice.（我去过北京两次。） ② have gone to + 地点：去了某地（还没回来），强调"不在这里"。   • She has gone to Guangzhou.（她去了广州，还没回来。） ③ have been in + 地点：在某地待了多久（延续性）   • He has been in Shanghai for 3 years.（他在上海已经3年了。） 注意：have been to 后接 home / there / here 时，省略 to。 play an important role in 在……中起重要作用 类似表达：play a part in 在……中起作用；play a key role in 起关键作用 Internet plays an important role in our daily life. （互联网在我们的日常生活中起重要作用。） in recent years 近几年来 用法讲解：常与现在完成时连用，表示"从过去某时到现在"的一段时间。 同义表达：these years；over the past few years a couple of 几个；一对 用法讲解： ① a couple of + 复数名词，表示"几个/两三个"（非严格"2"）：a couple of days（几天） ② 也可表示"一对"：a couple（一对夫妻） ③ 辨析：a couple of（几个，口语）vs. a few（几个，较正式）vs. a pair of（一对，强调配套） I'll be back in a couple of days. （我几天后就回来。） get around 四处走动 / 旅游 用法讲解： ① 表示"四处走动/到处旅游"，相当于 travel around：   • It's easy to get around the city by bus.（乘公交在城市里四处走动很方便。） ② 也可表示"消息传开"：   • The news soon got around.（消息很快传开了。） ③ 相关短语：get around to doing sth. 终于抽出时间做某事 go sightseeing 去观光 用法讲解： ① sightseeing = sight + seeing，看风景。 ② 相关搭配：go sightseeing / do some sightseeing / a sightseeing tour ③ 类似结构：go shopping（购物）；go swimming（游泳）；go hiking（远足） They went sightseeing around the old town. （他们在古镇四处观光。） ✏ 短语配套练习 📝 练习一：用恰当的短语填空（每空一词） 1 There ____ ____ be a small river here, but now it's gone. 2 Great changes have ____ ____ in my hometown. 3 I ____ never ____ ____ Hainan Island. 4 — Where is Mrs. Li? — She ____ ____ ____ the office. 5 We should ____ ____ ____ the rapid development of technology. 【参考答案】 1. used to2. taken place3. have; been to4. has gone to5. keep up with 📝 练习二：用 used to / be used to / be used to do 填空 1 People in the past ____ ____ live in small houses. 2 I ____ ____ getting up early every morning. 3 Wood ____ ____ ____ make paper. 4 He ____ ____ drink coffee, but now he likes tea. 5 This knife ____ ____ ____ cut bread. 【参考答案】 1. used to（过去常常住）2. am used to（习惯于）3. is used to（被用来）4. used to（过去常喝咖啡）5. is used to（被用来） 📝 练习三：have been to / have gone to / have been in 填空 1 Mr. Wang is not in the office. He ____ ____ ____ Shanghai on business. 2 I ____ ____ ____ Beijing twice. It's a beautiful city. 3 She ____ ____ in this company ____ 2018. 4 — Is your brother at home? — No, he ____ ____ ____ the library. 5 They ____ ____ in this city ____ ten years. 【参考答案】 1. has gone to（去了未回）2. have been to（去过已回）3. has been; since4. has gone to5. have been; for 📝 练习四：根据中文提示完成句子 1 It's easy to ____ ____ ____ ____（与……取得联系）your friends by WeChat. 2 He has ____ ____ ____（取得很大进步）in English this term. 3 The Internet ____ ____ ____ ____ ____（在……中起重要作用）our daily life. 4 ____ ____ ____（近几年来）, China has changed a lot. 5 Please ____ ____ ____（保持联系）me after you arrive there. 【参考答案】 1. get in touch with2. made great progress3. plays an important role in4. In recent years5. keep in touch with（注意题 1 与题 5 的反义/同义对比） 📐 语法精讲 + 配套练习 一、后缀 -ment（名词后缀） 将动词变为名词，表示行为、过程或结果。 注意：① argue → argument（去 e 再加 -ment）；② 以 ge 结尾的词直接加 -ment（如 encourage → encouragement） 二、现在完成时（一）Present Perfect Tense (I) 构成：have / has + 过去分词（past participle） 易错点： ① have been to（去过已回）vs. have gone to（去了未回） ② 现在完成时不能与表示过去的具体时间连用（如 yesterday, in 2020, just now 等）—— 这些用一般过去时。    ✗ I have seen him yesterday.    ✓ I saw him yesterday. People's leisure activities have changed greatly.（人们的休闲活动发生了巨大变化。） I have just come back from my hometown.（我刚从家乡回来。） She has gone to Guangzhou with her parents.（她和父母去了广州。） ✏ 语法配套练习 📝 练习一：用所给动词的适当形式填空（现在完成时/一般过去时） 1 I ____ already ____ (finish) my homework. 2 He ____ (go) to Beijing. He will be back tomorrow. 3 She ____ (be) to the Great Wall three times. 4 I ____ (see) him yesterday, but I ____ not ____ (see) him recently. 5 Great changes ____ (take) place in my hometown in the past few years. 6 — When ____ you ____ (buy) that book? — I ____ (buy) it last week. 【参考答案】 1. have; finished2. has gone（还没回来，明天才回）3. has been（去过三次，已回）4. saw; haven't seen5. have taken（in the past few years 是现在完成时标志）6. did; buy; bought 📝 练习二：用 -ment 后缀完成单词 1 His ____ (achieve) in science won him a prize. 2 The ____ (develop) of technology has changed our life. 3 Thank you for your ____ (encourage). 4 We had a long ____ (argue) about the plan. 5 The patients are receiving medical ____ (treat). 【参考答案】 1. achievement2. development3. encouragement4. argument5. treatment 📝 练习三：用 already / just / yet / ever / never 填空 1 I have ____ finished my lunch. (肯定句，强调"已经") 2 He has ____ left for Shanghai. (强调"刚刚") 3 Have you finished your homework ____? (否定/疑问句句末) 4 I have ____ been to Paris. I want to go someday. (强调"曾经") 5 She has ____ eaten Japanese food before. (强调"从未") 6 They have ____ arrived at the airport. (肯定句，强调"已经") 【参考答案】 1. already2. just3. yet4. never（"从未"，所以想以后去）5. never6. already 📝 练习四：判断用 for 还是 since 1 I have lived in Beijing ____ five years. 2 She has worked here ____ 2019. 3 He has been ill ____ a long time. 4 We have been friends ____ we were in primary school. 5 The movie has been on ____ two hours. 6 The Smiths have lived in China ____ three years ago. 【参考答案】 1. for（时间段）2. since（时间点）3. for（时间段）4. since（后接过去时从句）5. for（时间段）6. since（"一段时间+ago"作时间点） ✏重点句式 ① used to do sth. — 过去常常做某事（现在不做了） People used to go to work by bike. 人们过去常骑自行车上班。 There used to be few hospitals in the past. 过去这里几乎没有医院。 ② have / has + 过去分词 — 现在完成时 A lot of changes have taken place there. 那里发生了许多变化。 I have just come back from my hometown. 我刚从家乡回来。 ③ What was ... like in the past? — 过去……是什么样的？ — What was communication like in the past? 过去通信是什么样的？ — It was slow and difficult. 又慢又困难。 ④ ... have/has changed greatly — ……发生了巨大变化 People's leisure activities have changed greatly. 人们的休闲活动发生了巨大变化。 ✏句式配套练习 📝 练习一：用 used to do 改写句子 1 She often went swimming when she was a child. → She ____ ____ ____ swimming when she ____ a child. 2 There were many trees here in the past. → There ____ ____ ____ many trees here. 3 He played football after school. → He ____ ____ ____ football after school. 4 My grandparents lived in a small village. → My grandparents ____ ____ ____ in a small village. 【参考答案】 1. used to go; was2. used to be3. used to play4. used to live 📝 练习二：What was ... like 提问练习 1 The streets were narrow and crowded. (过去) → ____ ____ the streets ____ in the past? 2 His life was very hard. → ____ ____ his life ____? 3 Communication was slow in the past. → ____ ____ communication ____ in the past? 4 The schools were small and old. → ____ ____ the schools ____? 【参考答案】 1. What were; like2. What was; like3. What was; like4. What were; like 📝 练习三：英汉互译（运用本单元重点句式） 1 我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 2 过去他常常步行上学。 3 What was your hometown like five years ago? 4 People's ways of communication have changed greatly. 5 我已经完成了这份工作。 【参考答案】 1. My hometown has changed greatly. / Great changes have taken place in my hometown.2. He used to walk to school in the past.3. 你家乡五年前是什么样的？4. 人们的沟通方式发生了巨大变化。5. I have already finished the work. 📋 Unit 1 综合训练 综合卷一：词汇与短语综合运用（10 题） 1 In ____ (recent) years, China has ____ (achieve) great ____ (develop). 2 There ____ ____ be a river here, but it has been ____ (pollute) by the factory. 3 The children were very ____ (excite) about the ____ (excite) news. 4 People ____ (use) to live in ____ (narrow) houses in the past. 5 It is easy to ____ ____ ____ ____（与……取得联系）your friends by WeChat. 6 My life has ____ ____ ____（发生了很大变化）in the past few years. 7 We should ____ ____ ____（跟上）the ____ (change) world. 8 Mr. Wang is not here. He ____ ____ ____ Beijing on business. 9 — ____ ____ your hometown ____ in the past? — It was poor and small. 10 I have never ____ (be) to Hong Kong, but my parents have ____ (be) there twice. 【参考答案】 1. recent; achieved; development2. used to; polluted3. excited; exciting4. used; narrow5. get in touch with6. changed a lot / changed greatly7. keep up with; changing8. has gone to9. What was; like10. been; been 综合卷二：语法综合（时态 + 句式） 1 I ____ (never see) such a beautiful city before. 2 She ____ (buy) a new bike last week. 3 用 for 或 since 填空：He has worked in this factory ____ 2015. 4 句型转换：He used to walk to school. （改为一般疑问句）____ ____ he ____ to walk to school? 5 句型转换：He has been to Beijing. （改为否定句）He ____ ____ ____ to Beijing. 6 翻译：改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大变化。 7 翻译：过去他常常给他父母写信。 【参考答案】 1. have never seen2. bought（具体过去时间 last week 用一般过去时）3. since（时间点）4. Did; use5. has not been6. Since the reform and opening up, great changes have taken place in China.7. He used to write to his parents in the past. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ UNIT 1 A Changing World Big Question: What changes have taken place around you? 📚 重点词汇（含词族拓展） Preparing for the Topic leisure /ˈleʒə(r)/ n. 休闲活动；空闲，闲暇 词族拓展： leisure (n. 闲暇) → leisurely (adj. 悠闲的；adv. 从容地) 搭配：leisure activity 休闲活动 / leisure time 空闲时间 / at leisure 从容地，有空 用法讲解：leisure 是不可数名词，指"空闲时间"，不与其他形容词连用表示"空闲的"时，常用 free time 替代。leisure 多用于书面语。 People have more leisure time nowadays. （如今人们有更多的空闲时间。） treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/ n. 治疗；疗法；诊治；对待 词族拓展： treat (v. 治疗；对待) → treatment (n. 治疗；对待) → treatable (adj. 可治疗的) 常见搭配：medical treatment 医疗 / fair treatment 公平对待 / receive treatment 接受治疗 用法讲解：treatment 后接 of 表示"对……的治疗/对待"。可作可数或不可数名词。 He is receiving treatment in the hospital. （他正在医院接受治疗。） nowadays /ˈnaʊədeɪz/ adv. 现今；现在；目前 用法讲解：nowadays 常用于句首或句末，表示与过去对比。多用于一般现在时，含"与过去不同"的意味。类似表达：these days, at present。 Nowadays, people communicate by smart phone. （如今人们用智能手机沟通。） recent /ˈriːsnt/ adj. 近来的；最近的 词族拓展： recent (adj. 最近的) → recently (adv. 最近) 搭配：in recent years 近年来 / recent news 最新消息 短 语：in recent years 近年来 / a recent study 一项最近的研究 In recent years, great changes have taken place. （近年来，发生了巨大的变化。） Have you seen Xiao Ya recently? （你最近见过小雅吗？） Exploring the Topic international /ˌɪntəˈnæʃənəl/ adj. 国际的 词族拓展： nation (n. 国家；民族) → national (adj. 国家的) → international (adj. 国际的) 前缀 inter- = between/among（相互，之间） international city international news international meeting narrow /ˈnærəʊ/ adj. / v. adj. 狭窄的；v. 使变窄；缩小 词族拓展： narrow (adj. 窄的) ↔ wide (adj. 宽的) narrow (v. 缩小) → narrow down (phr. 缩小范围) The roads were very narrow in the past. （过去道路很窄。） apartment /əˈpɑːtmənt/ n. 公寓套房（美式英语） 用法讲解：美式英语用 apartment，英式英语用 flat。apartment building = 公寓楼。 短 语：apartment building/house 公寓楼 a two-bedroom apartment 两居室的公寓 Many people in cities live in apartments now. （现在城市里很多人住在公寓里。） pleasure /ˈpleʒə(r)/ n. 高兴；快乐；愉快；乐事 词族拓展： please (v. 使高兴；int. 请) → pleasure (n. 愉快) → pleasant (adj. 令人愉快的) → pleased (adj. 感到高兴的) 辨析：pleasant（令人愉快的，修饰物）；pleased（感到高兴的，修饰人） 短 语：with pleasure 乐意地 / It's a pleasure. 不用谢。/ My pleasure. 我的荣幸。 It's my pleasure to help you. （帮助你是我的荣幸。） I'm pleased with your progress. （我对你的进步感到高兴。）[pleased 修饰人] conclusion /kənˈkluːʒn/ n. 结论，推论；结束 词族拓展： conclude (v. 得出结论；结束) → conclusion (n. 结论) 搭配：in conclusion 总之 / draw a conclusion 得出结论 / come to a conclusion 得出结论 In conclusion, we should keep up with the changing world. （总之，我们应该跟上变化的世界。） Grammar in Use（重点词族词） pollute / pollution /pəˈluːt/ / /pəˈluːʃn/ v. / n. pollute v. 污染；pollution n. 污染 词族拓展（重点！）： pollute (v. 污染) → pollution (n. 污染) → polluted (adj. 受污染的) 例句对比： Factories pollute the river. （工厂污染河流。）[动词] The pollution is serious. （污染很严重。）[名词] The polluted water is harmful. （受污染的水有害。）[形容词] 用法讲解：pollute 是及物动词，直接接宾语。pollution 作不可数名词，常与 environmental 连用：environmental pollution 环境污染。 air pollution water pollution noise pollution serious pollution excite 词族 /ɪkˈsaɪt/ v. 使激动；使兴奋 词族拓展（重点！）： excite (v. 使激动) → excitement (n. 兴奋，激动) excited (adj. 感到兴奋的，修饰人) ↔ exciting (adj. 令人兴奋的，修饰物) 短 语：be excited about 对……感到兴奋 be excited to do sth. 兴奋地做某事 in excitement 兴奋中 类似词族：interest → interested/interesting；surprise → surprised/surprising The news excited everyone. （这个消息让所有人都很兴奋。）[动词] The children were excited about the trip to Beijing. （孩子们对去北京的旅行感到兴奋。）[be excited about] happiness /ˈhæpinəs/ n. 快乐；高兴；幸福 词族拓展： happy (adj. 快乐的) → happiness (n. 幸福) → happily (adv. 快乐地) → unhappy (adj. 不快乐的) -ness 是名词后缀，加在形容词后变为抽象名词：sad → sadness；kind → kindness；ill → illness 短 语：pursue happiness 追求幸福 Tears of happiness 幸福的泪水 Money cannot buy real happiness. （金钱买不到真正的幸福。） They lived happily ever after. （他们从此过上了幸福的生活。） comfort /ˈkʌmfət/ n. / v. n. 安慰；慰藉；舒适；v. 安慰 词族拓展： comfort (n./v. 舒适/安慰) → comfortable (adj. 舒适的) → comfortably (adv. 舒适地) → uncomfortable (adj. 不舒适的) 短 语：live in comfort 生活舒适 comfort sb. with sth. 用某物安慰某人 be comfortable with 对……感到自在 She tried to comfort the crying child. （她试着安慰那个哭着的孩子。）[v. 安慰] They live a life of great comfort. （他们过着非常舒适的生活。）[n. 舒适] remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ v. 仍然是；保持不变；剩余；停留 用法讲解：remain 作系动词，后接名词或形容词，表示"仍然是"：remain + adj./n.。不用于进行时。 也可表示"剩下"：There remains nothing to do.（没有什么可做的了。） The town remains the same as before. （这个小镇仍然和以前一样。） Developing & Wrapping Up amusement /əˈmjuːzmənt/ n. 娱乐；消遣；娱乐活动 词族拓展： amuse (v. 使娱乐；逗乐) → amusement (n. 娱乐) → amusing (adj. 有趣的，好笑的) → amused (adj. 觉得好笑的) 短 语：amusement park 游乐园 / to one's amusement 让某人感到有趣的是 / for amusement 为了消遣 辨析：amusement（娱乐、消遣，侧重消遣活动）vs. entertainment（娱乐、表演，侧重提供娱乐的行为）vs. leisure（闲暇时间，侧重空闲） Amusement park 是"游乐园"的固定说法。 They went to the amusement park last Sunday. （上周日他们去了游乐园。） He reads books for amusement. （他读书是为了消遣。） familiar /fəˈmɪliə(r)/ adj. 熟悉的；常见到的 词族拓展： family (n. 家庭) → familiar (adj. 熟悉的) → familiarity (n. 熟悉) 搭配：be familiar with sb./sth. 熟悉某人/某物（人作主语） be familiar to sb. 为某人所熟知（物作主语） I am familiar with this song. （我熟悉这首歌。） This song is familiar to me. （这首歌我为所熟知。） complete /kəmˈpliːt/ v. / adj. v. 完成，结束；adj. 完整的；彻底的 词族拓展： complete (v. 完成) → completion (n. 完成) → completely (adv. 完全地) 短 语：complete a task 完成一项任务 / a complete success 圆满成功 / completely different 完全不同 They have completed the new railway. （他们已经建成了新铁路。） It was a complete success. （这是一次圆满的成功。）[adj. 完整的] ✏词汇配套练习 📝 练习一：用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1 The river has been ______ (pollute) by the factory. 2 The children were ______ (excite) about the ______ (excite) news. 3 In recent ______ (year), great changes have taken place. 4 People in the past lived a hard ______ (life). Now their life is more ______ (comfort). 5 I am very ______ (familiar) with this place. It has changed beyond recognition. 📝 练习二：根据中文提示完成句子 1 Many people have moved into ______ ______ （现代化的公寓套房）. 2 The small town has ______ ______ ______ （发生了巨大变化）. 3 Nowadays, the ______ ______ （高铁）makes travel much faster. 4 We should ______ ______ （跟上）the changing world. 📝 练习三：用 happy / happily / happiness / unhappy 填空 1 She lives a ____ (幸福) life with her family. 2 He smiled ____ (幸福地) when he saw the gift. 3 Money cannot buy ____ (幸福). 4 The ____ (不开心的) boy sat in the corner alone. 5 The story has a ____ (快乐的) ending. 📝 练习四：pleasant vs. pleased / familiar with vs. familiar to / excited about 辨析 1 The weather is ____ (令人愉快的) today. Let's go out. 2 I'm ____ (感到高兴的) to see you again. 3 I am ____ (熟悉) with the customs here. 4 The song is ____ (熟悉) to me. I have heard it many times. 5 The book is ____ (令人愉快的) to read. 6 The teacher was ____ (感到高兴的) with our work. 7 The children are ____ (感到兴奋的) ____ (关于) the coming holiday. 8 I am very ____ (熟悉) ____ (与) the city because I have lived here for years. 📝 练习五：写出下列形容词的反义词 1 narrow（狭窄的）→ ____ 2 comfortable（舒适的）→ ____ 3 familiar（熟悉的）→ ____ 4 polluted（受污染的）→ ____ 5 modern（现代的）→ ____ 6 international（国际的）→ ____ 🔗 重点短语（含详解） used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 用法讲解： ① used to + do（动词原形），只用于过去时。 ② 否定：didn't use to 或 used not to；疑问：Did ... use to ...? ③ 辨析：used to do（过去常常）vs. be used to doing（习惯于）vs. be used to do（被用来做）   • I used to get up late.（我过去常晚起。）   • I am used to getting up early.（我习惯于早起。）   • Wood is used to make paper.（木头被用来造纸。） There used to be few hospitals here. （这里过去几乎没有医院。） get in touch with 与……取得联系 用法讲解： touch 在此表示"联系、联络"。 反义短语：lose touch with 与……失去联系 类似表达：keep in touch with 与……保持联系   • get out of touch with 与……失去联系 It's easy to get in touch with friends by smart phone. （用智能手机很容易与朋友取得联系。） take place 发生 用法讲解：take place 是不及物动词短语，无被动语态。 辨析：take place（有计划地发生）vs. happen（偶然发生）   • The meeting will take place next week.（会议将于下周举行。）   • What happened to you?（你发生了什么事？） make (great) progress 取得（很大的）进步 用法讲解：progress 是不可数名词，不能加 s。不用 make a progress。 搭配：make great / much progress 取得很大进步 He has made great progress in English. （他英语取得了很大进步。） have / has been to vs. have / has gone to 用法讲解（重点！）： ① have been to + 地点：去过某地（已回来），强调经历。   • I have been to Beijing twice.（我去过北京两次。） ② have gone to + 地点：去了某地（还没回来），强调"不在这里"。   • She has gone to Guangzhou.（她去了广州，还没回来。） ③ have been in + 地点：在某地待了多久（延续性）   • He has been in Shanghai for 3 years.（他在上海已经3年了。） 注意：have been to 后接 home / there / here 时，省略 to。 play an important role in 在……中起重要作用 类似表达：play a part in 在……中起作用；play a key role in 起关键作用 Internet plays an important role in our daily life. （互联网在我们的日常生活中起重要作用。） in recent years 近几年来 用法讲解：常与现在完成时连用，表示"从过去某时到现在"的一段时间。 同义表达：these years；over the past few years a couple of 几个；一对 用法讲解： ① a couple of + 复数名词，表示"几个/两三个"（非严格"2"）：a couple of days（几天） ② 也可表示"一对"：a couple（一对夫妻） ③ 辨析：a couple of（几个，口语）vs. a few（几个，较正式）vs. a pair of（一对，强调配套） I'll be back in a couple of days. （我几天后就回来。） get around 四处走动 / 旅游 用法讲解： ① 表示"四处走动/到处旅游"，相当于 travel around：   • It's easy to get around the city by bus.（乘公交在城市里四处走动很方便。） ② 也可表示"消息传开"：   • The news soon got around.（消息很快传开了。） ③ 相关短语：get around to doing sth. 终于抽出时间做某事 go sightseeing 去观光 用法讲解： ① sightseeing = sight + seeing，看风景。 ② 相关搭配：go sightseeing / do some sightseeing / a sightseeing tour ③ 类似结构：go shopping（购物）；go swimming（游泳）；go hiking（远足） They went sightseeing around the old town. （他们在古镇四处观光。） ✏ 短语配套练习 📝 练习一：用恰当的短语填空（每空一词） 1 There ____ ____ be a small river here, but now it's gone. 2 Great changes have ____ ____ in my hometown. 3 I ____ never ____ ____ Hainan Island. 4 — Where is Mrs. Li? — She ____ ____ ____ the office. 5 We should ____ ____ ____ the rapid development of technology. 📝 练习二：用 used to / be used to / be used to do 填空 1 People in the past ____ ____ live in small houses. 2 I ____ ____ getting up early every morning. 3 Wood ____ ____ ____ make paper. 4 He ____ ____ drink coffee, but now he likes tea. 5 This knife ____ ____ ____ cut bread. 📝 练习三：have been to / have gone to / have been in 填空 1 Mr. Wang is not in the office. He ____ ____ ____ Shanghai on business. 2 I ____ ____ ____ Beijing twice. It's a beautiful city. 3 She ____ ____ in this company ____ 2018. 4 — Is your brother at home? — No, he ____ ____ ____ the library. 5 They ____ ____ in this city ____ ten years. 📝 练习四：根据中文提示完成句子 1 It's easy to ____ ____ ____ ____（与……取得联系）your friends by WeChat. 2 He has ____ ____ ____（取得很大进步）in English this term. 3 The Internet ____ ____ ____ ____ ____（在……中起重要作用）our daily life. 4 ____ ____ ____（近几年来）, China has changed a lot. 5 Please ____ ____ ____（保持联系）me after you arrive there. 📐 语法精讲 + 配套练习 一、后缀 -ment（名词后缀） 将动词变为名词，表示行为、过程或结果。 注意：① argue → argument（去 e 再加 -ment）；② 以 ge 结尾的词直接加 -ment（如 encourage → encouragement） 二、现在完成时（一）Present Perfect Tense (I) 构成：have / has + 过去分词（past participle） 易错点： ① have been to（去过已回）vs. have gone to（去了未回） ② 现在完成时不能与表示过去的具体时间连用（如 yesterday, in 2020, just now 等）—— 这些用一般过去时。    ✗ I have seen him yesterday.    ✓ I saw him yesterday. People's leisure activities have changed greatly.（人们的休闲活动发生了巨大变化。） I have just come back from my hometown.（我刚从家乡回来。） She has gone to Guangzhou with her parents.（她和父母去了广州。） ✏ 语法配套练习 📝 练习一：用所给动词的适当形式填空（现在完成时/一般过去时） 1 I ____ already ____ (finish) my homework. 2 He ____ (go) to Beijing. He will be back tomorrow. 3 She ____ (be) to the Great Wall three times. 4 I ____ (see) him yesterday, but I ____ not ____ (see) him recently. 5 Great changes ____ (take) place in my hometown in the past few years. 6 — When ____ you ____ (buy) that book? — I ____ (buy) it last week. 📝 练习二：用 -ment 后缀完成单词 1 His ____ (achieve) in science won him a prize. 2 The ____ (develop) of technology has changed our life. 3 Thank you for your ____ (encourage). 4 We had a long ____ (argue) about the plan. 5 The patients are receiving medical ____ (treat). 📝 练习三：用 already / just / yet / ever / never 填空 1 I have ____ finished my lunch. (肯定句，强调"已经") 2 He has ____ left for Shanghai. (强调"刚刚") 3 Have you finished your homework ____? (否定/疑问句句末) 4 I have ____ been to Paris. I want to go someday. (强调"曾经") 5 She has ____ eaten Japanese food before. (强调"从未") 6 They have ____ arrived at the airport. (肯定句，强调"已经") 📝 练习四：判断用 for 还是 since 1 I have lived in Beijing ____ five years. 2 She has worked here ____ 2019. 3 He has been ill ____ a long time. 4 We have been friends ____ we were in primary school. 5 The movie has been on ____ two hours. 6 The Smiths have lived in China ____ three years ago. ✏重点句式 ① used to do sth. — 过去常常做某事（现在不做了） People used to go to work by bike. 人们过去常骑自行车上班。 There used to be few hospitals in the past. 过去这里几乎没有医院。 ② have / has + 过去分词 — 现在完成时 A lot of changes have taken place there. 那里发生了许多变化。 I have just come back from my hometown. 我刚从家乡回来。 ③ What was ... like in the past? — 过去……是什么样的？ — What was communication like in the past? 过去通信是什么样的？ — It was slow and difficult. 又慢又困难。 ④ ... have/has changed greatly — ……发生了巨大变化 People's leisure activities have changed greatly. 人们的休闲活动发生了巨大变化。 ✏句式配套练习 📝 练习一：用 used to do 改写句子 1 She often went swimming when she was a child. → She ____ ____ ____ swimming when she ____ a child. 2 There were many trees here in the past. → There ____ ____ ____ many trees here. 3 He played football after school. → He ____ ____ ____ football after school. 4 My grandparents lived in a small village. → My grandparents ____ ____ ____ in a small village. 📝 练习二：What was ... like 提问练习 1 The streets were narrow and crowded. (过去) → ____ ____ the streets ____ in the past? 2 His life was very hard. → ____ ____ his life ____? 3 Communication was slow in the past. → ____ ____ communication ____ in the past? 4 The schools were small and old. → ____ ____ the schools ____? 📝 练习三：英汉互译（运用本单元重点句式） 1 我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 2 过去他常常步行上学。 3 What was your hometown like five years ago? 4 People's ways of communication have changed greatly. 5 我已经完成了这份工作。 📋 Unit 1 综合训练 综合卷一：词汇与短语综合运用（10 题） 1 In ____ (recent) years, China has ____ (achieve) great ____ (develop). 2 There ____ ____ be a river here, but it has been ____ (pollute) by the factory. 3 The children were very ____ (excite) about the ____ (excite) news. 4 People ____ (use) to live in ____ (narrow) houses in the past. 5 It is easy to ____ ____ ____ ____（与……取得联系）your friends by WeChat. 6 My life has ____ ____ ____（发生了很大变化）in the past few years. 7 We should ____ ____ ____（跟上）the ____ (change) world. 8 Mr. Wang is not here. He ____ ____ ____ Beijing on business. 9 — ____ ____ your hometown ____ in the past? — It was poor and small. 10 I have never ____ (be) to Hong Kong, but my parents have ____ (be) there twice. 综合卷二：语法综合（时态 + 句式） 1 I ____ (never see) such a beautiful city before. 2 She ____ (buy) a new bike last week. 3 用 for 或 since 填空：He has worked in this factory ____ 2015. 4 句型转换：He used to walk to school. （改为一般疑问句）____ ____ he ____ to walk to school? 5 句型转换：He has been to Beijing. （改为否定句）He ____ ____ ____ to Beijing. 6 翻译：改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大变化。 7 翻译：过去他常常给他父母写信。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $