内容正文:
外研版(2024新版)七年级上册
Starter Welcome to junior high!
单元知识点总结
适用教材:外研版(2024新版)七年级上册 | 适用学段:初一上学期 | 资料类型:单元知识点总结
课标对接
【话题】个人情况与兴趣爱好(Personal Background & Interests)
【语言技能】能听懂并谈论开学准备、自我介绍、学校设施等话题;能用一般现在时和一般将来时进行简单的自我介绍;能读懂关于校园生活的短文并能仿写。
【文化意识】了解不同国家的开学习俗,理解中西方校园文化差异,初步建立跨文化意识。
【核心语法】a/an 冠词辨析、be going to 一般将来时、There be 句型、一般现在时与一般将来时对比。
目录
一、重点词汇(40+核心词汇,按话题分类,含音标/词性/词形变化/例句)
二、重点短语与固定搭配(25+高频短语,含辨析对比)
三、重点句型(7大核心句型,含公式+课文原句+仿写范例)
四、语法精讲(a/an冠词 / be going to / There be / 时态对比)
五、单元话题写作(自我介绍,含写作框架+范文2篇+填空式模板)
六、易错点与难点突破(10大高频易错,含正误对比+原因分析)
七、文化常识与词根词缀(各国开学日习俗 / 常见词根词缀总结)
八、单元自测(基础过关20题 + 能力提升10题)
附:参考答案与详细解析
一、重点词汇(Words)
1.1 学习用品类(School things)
英文
音标
词性
中文释义
用法/搭配/例句
词形变化/扩展
textbook
/ˈtekstbʊk/
n. 名词
教科书,课本
I have a new textbook. an English textbook 一本英语课本
合成词:text(课文)+ book(书)
pencil case
/ˈpensəl keɪs/
n. 名词
铅笔盒,文具盒
My pencil case is in my schoolbag. I have two pens in my pencil case.
同义:pencil box
pen
/pen/
n. 名词
钢笔
I have three pens. a blue pen 一支蓝色钢笔
复数:pens
pencil
/ˈpensəl/
n. 名词
铅笔
I have two pencils. a pencil sharpener 卷笔刀
复数:pencils
ruler
/ˈruːlə/
n. 名词
尺子,直尺
I have an eraser and a ruler. Use a ruler to draw a line.
来自动词 rule(画直线)
eraser
/ɪˈreɪzə/
n. 名词
橡皮擦
I have an eraser in my pencil case. Can I use your eraser?
英式:rubber(注意课堂用 eraser 更规范)
schoolbag
/ˈskuːlbæɡ/
n. 名词
书包
Where is your schoolbag? Put your textbooks in your schoolbag.
合成词:school + bag
paper
/ˈpeɪpə/
n. 名词
纸
a piece of paper 一张纸
不可数名词,不能说 a paper(作"论文/报纸"时可数)
1.2 数字类(Numbers 1-12)
数字
英文
音标
发音提示
1
one
/wʌn/
和 won(赢)同音
2
two
/tuː/
与 to / too 同音,注意区分
3
three
/θriː/
咬舌音 th-,舌尖放牙齿中间
4
four
/fɔː/
和 for 同音
5
five
/faɪv/
v 要咬下唇
6
six
/sɪks/
x 发 /ks/
7
seven
/ˈsevn/
两个音节 se-ven
8
eight
/eɪt/
gh 不发音,和 ate 同音
9
nine
/naɪn/
和 fine / line 押韵
10
ten
/ten/
短音 e,不要拖长
11
eleven
/ɪˈlevn/
三音节 e-le-ven
12
twelve
/twelv/
基数词 ve 结尾。序数词第12 = twelfth(f 结尾)
数字 1-12 的主要应用场景:① 数文具数量(I have three pens.);② 报年龄(I'm 12.);③ 说时间(at seven o'clock);④ 说日期(on June 1st);⑤ 说电话号码(My number is 628-7531.)。
1.3 学科类(Subjects)
英文
中文
词源/构词法
例句
补充说明
Chinese
语文
China + ese = 中国的(语言)
I like Chinese best.
首字母大写
maths
数学
英 maths = 美 math
We have maths every day.
两种拼写都对
English
英语
England + ish
I like English and art best.
首字母大写
ethics and the rule of law
道德与法治
ethics(伦理) + rule of law(法治)
We have ethics and the rule of law on Monday.
中国特有课程,简称可用 ethics
history
历史
源自希腊语 historia(探究、知识)
We have new subjects like history.
初一新增科目,记忆提示:his + story
geography
地理
geo(地球) + graphy(描述) → 描述地球
I'm excited about geography.
初一新增科目,音节划分:ge-o-gra-phy
biology
生物
bio(生命) + logy(学问) → 生命的学问
Biology is a new subject.
初一新增科目,音节划分:bi-o-lo-gy
art
美术
源自拉丁语 ars(技艺)
I like art best.
music
音乐
muse(缪斯女神) + ic
I like music best.
PE
体育
Physical Education 缩写
We have PE on Tuesday.
两个字母都大写
1.4 颜色类(Colours)
英文
中文
英文
中文
red
红色
white
白色
blue
蓝色
grey (英) / gray (美)
灰色
green
绿色
purple
紫色
yellow
黄色
orange
橙色(也是"橙子")
【注意】① grey(英式拼写)= gray(美式拼写),两种都对;② orange 既可表示"橙色"也可表示"橙子";③ 问颜色用 What colour,回答用 It's + 颜色(单数)/ They're + 颜色(复数)。
1.5 服装类(Clothes)
英文
中文
搭配
注意
T-shirt
T恤衫
wear a T-shirt
T 大写,有连字符
shirt
衬衫
a white shirt
和 T-shirt 不同,shirt 是有领衬衫
skirt
裙子
a blue skirt
与 shirt 押韵,只差一个字母
sports trousers
运动裤
a pair of sports trousers
trousers 是复数,"一条裤子"= a pair of trousers
sports jacket
运动夹克
wear a sports jacket
注意 sports 有 s
shoes
鞋(总称)
a pair of shoes
shoes 是复数,"一双鞋"= a pair of shoes
sports shoes
运动鞋
wear sports shoes
本身已是复数,不加 s
red scarf
红领巾
wear a red scarf
scarf 单数,scarves 复数
coat
外套;大衣
Don't forget your coat.
1.6 校园设施类
英文
中文
搭配/例句
词形扩展
teaching building
教学楼
There are three teaching buildings.
building n. 建筑物
science lab
科学实验室
There are 10 science labs on the third floor.
复数:science labs(教材P11)
computer lab
计算机室
There are eight computer labs on the third floor.
computer + lab 复合词
library
图书馆
There is a library on the third floor.
复数:libraries(y→i+es)
playground
操场
We do morning exercises on the playground.
合成词:play + ground
dining hall
食堂
The dining hall is not big but the food is good.
dining(就餐)≠ dinner(晚餐)
1.7 人物与情感类
英文
音标
词性
中文
典型例句
衍生/辨析
nervous
/ˈnɜːvəs/
adj.
紧张的
I'm a bit nervous now.
nervously adv.;nervousness n.
excited
/ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/
adj.
兴奋的
I'm excited to meet new classmates.
【重点】excited(人感到兴奋)≠ exciting(事物令人兴奋)
helpful
/ˈhelpfl/
adj.
乐于助人的
I'm a helpful girl.
help n./v. + ful → helpful
volunteer
/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/
n./v.
志愿者;自愿做
The volunteers showed me around.
volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
difficulty
/ˈdɪfɪkəlti/
n.
困难,难题
I like helping people with their difficulties.
difficult adj.;have difficulty doing
【重点辨析】excited vs exciting
× I am exciting. → √ I am excited.(我感到兴奋)
√ The news is exciting.(这个消息令人兴奋)
规律:以 -ed 结尾的形容词表示“感到……”,以 -ing 结尾的形容词表示“令人……”。中考常考,需重点掌握。
二、重点短语与固定搭配(Phrases)
2.1 动词短语
短语
中文释义
例句
拓展/辨析
look at...
看……
Look at my pencil case.
look at ≠ see(看≠看见);look at = 有意识地看
put ... in ...
把……放进……
Put your textbooks in your schoolbag.
反义:take ... out of ...
show ... around ...
带……参观……
The volunteers showed me around the school.
show sb. around + 地点
join the club
加入社团
You can join the science club.
join = 加入组织/团体
make friends (with...)
(和……)交朋友
I want to make friends with you all.
friends 用复数
do morning exercises
做早操
We do morning exercises on the playground.
exercises 用复数,表示"体操"
2.2 介词短语
短语
中文释义
例句
注意事项
on the first floor
在一楼
The science lab is on the first floor.
英式:first floor = 二楼;美式:first floor = 一楼。本教材用英式体系
after school
放学后
After school, you can join the club.
after 后直接加名词/动名词
at junior high
在初中
It's my first day at junior high.
at + 学校类型
a pair of
一双/一条……
I'm going to wear a pair of shoes.
用于成对物品:shoes / trousers / glasses
2.3 短语辨析
短语A
短语B
区别
例句对比
look at
see
look at = 有意识地看(不及物,加 at 才能接宾语);see = 看见(及物,强调结果)
Look at the picture. 看这幅图。 Can you see the pencil? 你能看见那支铅笔吗?
put ... in
take ... out of
put in = 放进;take out of = 取出
Put your books in your bag. Take your pen out of your pencil case.
join
take part in
join = 加入组织/团体(入党/入团/加入俱乐部);take part in = 参加活动
Join the club! 加入俱乐部! Take part in the sports meeting. 参加运动会。
三、重点句型(Sentence Patterns)
3.1 七大核心句型
编号
句型
功能
公式 / 课文原句 / 仿写
1
Are you ready?
询问准备状态
公式:Are you ready (for + 名词)? 课文:— Are you ready? — Yes, Mum! 仿写:— Are you ready for school? — Not yet!
2
I have ...
表达拥有
公式:I have + a/an/数量 + 名词. 课文:I have two pencils, three pens, an eraser and a ruler. 仿写:I have a schoolbag, four textbooks and a pencil case.
3
Where is your ...?
询问物品位置
公式:Where is your + 单数名词? / Where are your + 复数名词? 课文:— Where is your schoolbag? — Here it is. 仿写:— Where are your pencils? — They're in my pencil case.
4
What colour is it?
询问颜色
公式:What colour + is/are + 主语? → It's/They're + 颜色. 课文:— What colour is it? — It's grey. 仿写:— What colour are your shoes? — They're white and blue.
5
What subjects do you like best?
询问偏好
公式:What subject(s) do you like best? → I like ... best. 课文:— What subjects do you like best? — I like Chinese, English and art best. 仿写:— What subject do you like best? — I like maths best.
6
I'm going to wear ...
表达计划/打算
公式:主语 + be going to + 动词原形. 课文:I'm going to wear a T-shirt and sports trousers. 仿写:I'm going to join the English club.
7
How about you?
反问对方
公式:How about you? = What about you? 课文:— I'm ready. How about you, Li Meng? 仿写:— I like English best. What about you?
3.2 同义句转换
原句
同义句
知识点
I have two pencils.
I've got two pencils.
have = have got(英式口语多用 have got)
How about you?
What about you?
两者可互换
I like English best.
My favourite subject is English.
like ... best = favourite
I'm going to wear a T-shirt.
I will wear a T-shirt.
be going to ≈ will(都表将来,be going to 更有计划性)
3.3 功能交际——"谈论开学准备"完整对话模板
A: Tomorrow is the first day of junior high. Are you ready?
B: Yes! I have a new schoolbag, two pencils, three pens, an eraser and a ruler.
A: How about your textbooks?
B: Here they are. And I'm going to wear my school uniform tomorrow.
A: Me too. Don't forget your red scarf!
B: Thanks, I won't.
四、语法精讲(Grammar)
4.1 冠词 a / an
【中考考频】中考单选必考,每年 1-2 题,常以 a/an 辨析 + 元音音素陷阱形式出现。
【核心原则】看发音,不看字母!
规则
条件
示例
用 a
后接词以辅音音素开头
a pen / a ruler / a textbook / a schoolbag / a university (/juː/)
用 an
后接词以元音音素开头
an eraser / an English book / an apple / an hour (/aʊə/ 中 h 不发音) / an umbrella (/ʌ/)
√ a university(u 发 /juː/,/j/ 是辅音,用 a)
√ an hour(h 不发音,/aʊ/ 是元音,用 an)
× a apple → √ an apple
× an ruler → √ a ruler
4.2 be going to 一般将来时
【中考考频】中考高频考点,单选和句型转换中每年出现 1-2 题,写作中合理使用 be going to 是加分项。
含义:表示"打算/将要"做某事,用于表达计划或即将发生的事情。
人称
be 动词
结构
例句
I
am
am going to + 动词原形
I am going to wear a T-shirt.
He / She / It
is
is going to + 动词原形
She is going to wear a skirt.
We / You / They
are
are going to + 动词原形
We are going to hold a party.
否定句:be + not + going to + 动词原形
I'm not going to wear a coat. 我不打算穿外套。
We aren't going to have a test. 我们不会有考试。
一般疑问句:Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?
Are you going to join the club? 你打算加入社团吗?
Is she going to come to the party? 她打算来参加派对吗?
【常见错误】
× I going to wear a coat. → 缺 be 动词
× I am going wear a coat. → 缺 to
√ I am going to wear a coat.(be + going to + 动词原形,一个都不能少!)
4.3 There be 句型
【中考考频】中考基础考点,单选和句型转换中偶有出现,写作中正确使用 There be 句型是基本要求。
结构
例句
规则
There is + 单数名词 + 地点
There is a library on the third floor.
单数用 is
There are + 复数名词 + 地点
There are three buildings and a playground.
复数用 are
4.4 一般现在时与一般将来时对比
【中考考频】时态是英语语法核心,初一打好基础非常重要,中考每年至少 5-8 题考到时态辨析。
时态
用法
标志词
例句
本单元出现位置
一般现在时
爱好、性格、事实
every day, usually, often
I love sports. / She likes music.
Introduce Yourself(介绍爱好)
一般将来时(be going to)
计划、打算
tomorrow, this weekend, next week
I'm going to wear a T-shirt. / We're going to hold a party.
Get Ready + Hold a Party
五、单元话题写作(Writing)
5.1 话题分析
本单元的核心写作任务是"自我介绍"(Introduce Yourself),对应课标话题"个人情况与兴趣爱好"。中考常考书信/邮件形式的自我介绍。
写作要求:用 60-80 词介绍自己的基本信息、爱好、性格、感受和希望,综合运用一般现在时和一般将来时。
5.2 写作框架
段落
内容
可用句型
示例
第一段
问候 + 姓名
Hello, everyone! / My name is...
Hello, everyone! My name is Li Hua.
第二段
基本信息
I'm ... years old. / I'm from...
I'm 12 years old. I'm from Beijing.
第三段
爱好 + 计划
I like/love/enjoy... / I'm going to...
I like playing basketball. I'm going to join the school basketball team.
第四段
性格 + 感受
I'm a ... girl/boy. / I'm excited/nervous to...
I'm a helpful boy. I'm a bit nervous but excited to meet new friends.
第五段
希望 + 结尾
I want to... / I hope...
I want to make friends with you all!
5.3 范文
【范文一】基础版(适合中等及以下学生,用简单句,约78词)
Hello, everyone! My name is Wang Lin. I'm 12 years old. I'm from Nanjing.
I like sports very much. I like running and swimming. I'm going to join the swimming club at junior high. I also plan to make more friends.
I'm a friendly girl. I like helping others. I'm a bit nervous now, but I'm also excited to meet new teachers and classmates.
I want to make friends with you all! Thank you!
【范文二】提升版(适合优秀学生,用复合句和高级词汇,约110词)
Hello, everyone! My name is Wang Lin, and I'm a 12-year-old girl from Nanjing.
I'm crazy about sports, especially running and swimming. I'm going to join the school swimming team and I hope to take part in some competitions. I also plan to try new sports like basketball and volleyball.
As for my personality, I'm a friendly and helpful girl who enjoys helping people with their difficulties. Honestly, I'm a bit nervous about starting junior high, but at the same time I'm really excited about meeting all of you and making new friends.
I'm looking forward to an amazing three years with you all! Thank you!
5.4 填空式写作模板(适合薄弱学生)
Hello, everyone! My name is ______. I'm ____ years old. I'm from ______.
I like ______ very much. I'm going to join ______. I also plan to ______.
I'm a ______ girl / boy. I'm a bit ______ but also ______ to meet new classmates.
I want to ______ with you all!
六、易错点与难点突破(Common Mistakes)
编号
易错点
错误示例
正确写法
原因分析
1
a / an 看字母不看发音
× a apple / a hour
√ an apple / an hour
apple 以元音音素 /æ/ 开头,hour 中 h 不发音,元音开头用 an
2
be going to 漏 be 或漏 to
× I going to wear / I am going wear
√ I am going to wear
结构是 be + going + to + 动词原形,一个都不能少
3
excited vs exciting 混淆
× I am exciting. / The news is excited.
√ I am excited. / The news is exciting.
-ed 表"感到……"(主语是人),-ing 表"令人……"(主语是物)
4
paper 当可数名词
× I need a paper.
√ I need a piece of paper.
paper 作"纸"不可数;作"报纸/论文"才可数
5
shoes / trousers 忘加 pair
× I need a shoes.
√ I need a pair of shoes.
shoes / trousers 总是复数,成对物品用 a pair of
6
12 写成 twelveth
× twelveth
√ twelve(基数词);twelfth(序数词)
基数词 12 = twelve(ve 结尾);序数词第 12 = twelfth(f 结尾)
7
look at 少 at
× Look me. / See the picture.
√ Look at me. / Look at the picture.
look 是不及物动词,接宾语必须加 at
8
make friend 少 s
× I want to make friend with you.
√ I want to make friends with you.
交朋友是双向的,friends 必须用复数
9
学科名小写
× I like english and maths.
√ I like English and maths.
学科名必须首字母大写:English, Chinese, Maths, History...
10
do morning exercise 少 s
× do morning exercise
√ do morning exercises
exercise 作"体操、锻炼"讲时,常用复数 exercises;作"练习"讲时单复数均可
七、文化常识与词根词缀(Culture Link & Word Building)
7.1 各国开学日习俗
国家
开学习俗
英文表达
俄罗斯
知识日(9月1日):学生穿正装、送鲜花给老师,举行开学典礼。
In Russia, people give flowers to teachers on the first day.
印度尼西亚
7月中旬开学:第一天玩游戏和社交活动,先交朋友再学习。
In Indonesia, people play games on the first day.
法国
务实开学:没有开学典礼,学生直接领课表、进教室上课。
In France, students get timetables and go straight to class.
美国
开放日式开学:家长陪孩子一起参观校园。
In the USA, students look around the school with their parents.
中国开学日:通常在9月1日。举行开学典礼(opening ceremony),学生穿校服(school uniforms)、佩戴红领巾(red scarves)。
中英楼层差异:英式 ground floor = 一楼, first floor = 二楼;美式 first floor = 一楼。本教材使用英式体系。
7.2 常见词根词缀(本单元词汇)
词缀/词根
含义
本单元例词
扩展词
-ful
形容词后缀,"充满……的"
helpful(乐于助人的)
useful(有用的), careful(仔细的), hopeful(有希望的)
-less
形容词后缀,"没有……的"
(本单元暂未出现)
useless(无用的), careless(粗心的), hopeless(无望的)
-tion
名词后缀,"……的行为/状态"
(本单元暂未出现)
action(行动), education(教育), information(信息)
-ly
副词后缀
really(很,十分)
quickly(快速地), carefully(仔细地), happily(快乐地)
bio-
前缀,"生命"
biology(生物)
biography(传记), biosphere(生物圈)
geo-
前缀,"地球"
geography(地理)
geology(地质学), geometry(几何学)
re-
前缀,"再次;回"
remember(记住)
return(返回), review(复习), rewrite(重写)
un-
前缀,"不;相反"
(本单元暂未出现)
unhappy(不开心的), unable(不能的), unlike(不像)
八、单元自测(Self-check)
(本部分为"学生版",不含答案。参考答案与解析见附录。)
第一部分:基础过关(20题)
一、根据首字母或汉语提示写出单词(10分)
1. I have a new t______(教科书)for English.
2. Put your pens and pencils in your p______ c______(铅笔盒).
3. Can I use your e______(橡皮)?
4. We have three new s______(科目)this term: history, geography and b______(生物).
5. — What c______ is your schoolbag? — It's b______(蓝色).
6. I'm going to w______(穿)my sports t______(运动裤)tomorrow.
7. Don't f______(忘记)your red scarf.
8. After school, you can j______(加入)the science club.
9. The v______(志愿者)showed us around the school.
10. I'm a bit n______(紧张的)but also e______(兴奋的).
二、用 a 或 an 填空(5分)
11. I have ______ eraser and ______ ruler in my pencil case.
12. He is ______ honest boy. (honest 中 h 不发音)
13. My mother is ______ English teacher.
14. There is ______ university in our city.
15. I need ______ piece of paper.
三、用所给词的适当形式填空(5分)
16. I have two ______ (pencil) and three ______ (pen).
17. She ______ (like) maths best. How about you?
18. I often ______ (play) football with my friends after school.
19. We ______ (be) going to hold a party this Friday.
20. I want to make ______ (friend) with you all.
第二部分:能力提升(10题)
四、单项选择(5分)
21. — ______ is your schoolbag? — Here it is.
A. What B. Where C. How D. Who
22. — What subjects do you like best? — I like ______ best.
A. chinese and english B. Chinese and english
C. Chinese and English D. chinese and English
23. I'm going to ______ a pair of sports shoes tomorrow.
A. wear B. wearing C. wore D. wears
24. There ______ a library and three teaching buildings in our school.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
25. — Are you ready ______ the party? — Yes, I am.
A. to B. for C. at D. with
五、句型转换(5分)
26. I have two pencils.(改为同义句,用 have got)
_________________________________________
27. — How about you?(写出同义表达)
_________________________________________
28. I'm going to wear a T-shirt.(改为否定句)
_________________________________________
29. It's grey.(对划线部分提问)
_________________________________________
30. I like Chinese best.(改为同义句,用 favourite)
_________________________________________
附录:参考答案与详细解析
(本部分为"教师版",供教师批改和讲解使用。)
基础过关答案
题号
答案
解析
1
textbook
text(课文)+ book(书),合成词。
2
pencil case
两个词分开写,也可以说 pencil box。
3
eraser
美式橡皮,英式用 rubber。课堂建议用 eraser。
4
subjects; biology
biology 注意拼写:bi-o-lo-gy。
5
colour; blue
问颜色 = What colour,英式拼写 colour。
6
wear; trousers
trousers 总是复数。
7
forget
Don't forget... = 别忘了……
8
join
join + 组织/团体;take part in + 活动。
9
volunteers
拼写注意:vo-lun-teer。
10
nervous; excited
-ed 表"感到",主语是人。
11
an; a
eraser /ɪ/ 元音→an;ruler /r/ 辅音→a。
12
an
honest 中 h 不发音,元音 /ɒ/ 开头→an。
13
an
English /ɪ/ 元音→an。
14
a
university /juː/ 虽字母是元音但发音是辅音→a。
15
a
piece /p/ 辅音→a;paper 不可数所以需要 piece。
16
pencils; pens
two/three 后接复数名词。
17
likes
She 三单,动词加 s。
18
play
often→一般现在时。
19
are
We 搭配 are。
20
friends
make friends 固定搭配,friends 必须复数。
能力提升答案
题号
答案
解析
21
B. Where
回答"在这儿",问的是位置→用 Where。
22
C. Chinese and English
学科名首字母大写,两个并列学科用 and 连接。
23
A. wear
be going to 后接动词原形。
24
A. is
There be 就近原则,a library(单数)→ is。
25
B. for
ready for + 名词。
26
I've got two pencils.
have = have got。
27
What about you?
How about = What about。
28
I'm not going to wear a T-shirt.
否定在 be 动词后加 not。
29
What colour is it?
对颜色提问用 What colour。
30
My favourite subject is Chinese.
like ... best = favourite。
本资料共 8 大板块 | 40+ 核心词汇 | 25+ 短语 | 7 大句型 | 5 项语法 | 30 道自测题
外研版(2024新版)七年级上册 · Starter Welcome to junior high! · 完整版知识点总结
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