内容正文:
Starter Unit 1 Hello! 核心语法详解+配套练习题
一、be动词(am / is / are)基础用法(本单元核心语法)
1. 三个人称对应规则
主语搭配
be 动词
例句
I(我)
am
I am Emma. 我是艾玛。
单数人名/单数名词/it(它)
is
My name is Emma. 我的名字是艾玛。
It is time for class. 该上课了。
you(你/你们)、复数名词
are
How are you? 你好吗?
2. 缩写形式(口语高频)
I am = I’m
my name is = my name’s
you are = you’re
it is = it’s
例:I’m fine. = I am fine. 我很好。
3. 句式变换
(1)陈述句:主语 + be + 其他
My name is Teng Fei.
(2)一般疑问句:Be + 主语 + 其他?
Are you Helen? 你是海伦吗?
(3)特殊疑问句:疑问词 + be + 主语?
How are you? 你怎么样?
What’s your name? 你叫什么名字?
二、人称代词 & 物主代词
1. 主格 vs 宾格(I / me;we / us;you)
(1)主格:作句子主语,放在动词前
I am fine. (I 主语,我)
(2)宾格:作宾语,放在动词/介词后
Call me Emma. (me 跟在动词call后)
Let us go. (us 跟在动词let后)
2. 形容词性物主代词 my / your
(1)含义:……的,后面必须加名词
my name 我的名字
your name 你的名字
(2)易错:my/your 不能单独使用,不能说 My is Emma. ✘
正确:My name is Emma. ✔
三、疑问词 how / what
1. how
(1)含义:怎样、如何,用来询问身体状况/方式
(2)固定句型:How are you? 你好吗?
(3)回答:I’m fine, thank you. / I’m great, thanks.
2. what
(1)含义:什么,用来询问事物、姓名
(2)固定句型:What’s your name? 你叫什么名字?
四、情态动词 may / can
1. may 表礼貌请求(正式、客气)
(1)句型:May I …? 我可以……吗?
May I have your name? 请问能告诉我你的名字吗?
> may 后接动词原形(have)
2. can 表能力“能够”
Can you say hi to the class? 你能和全班问好吗?
> can 后同样接动词原形
五、祈使句(表请求、指令)
1. 肯定祈使句:动词原形开头
Sit down, please. 请坐。
Say hi to each other. 互相打个招呼。
Let’s go to class. 我们去上课吧。
2. let 用法
let us = let’s,后接动词原形,表“让我们做……”
Let’s go. 我们走吧。
3. please 礼貌词
放句首/句尾都可以,句尾加逗号:
Please sit down. = Sit down, please.
六、冠词 a / an / the
1. a / an:不定冠词,表“一个”,后接单数可数名词
a 用于辅音音素开头单词前:a name
an 用于元音音素开头单词前:an apple
2. the:定冠词,表特指“这个/那个”,双方都知道的人/事物
say hi to the class 和全班同学打个招呼(特指眼前班级)
七、介词 to / for
1. to 两大用法
(1)不定式符号,放在动词原形前,无实义:want to go, say hi to…
(2)介词“向、对”:say hi to you 和你问好
2. for 介词,表“对于、适合”
It’s time for class. 到上课的时间了(for + 名词)
八、基础句型结构拆解
1. 询问姓名
—May I have your name?
—My name is + 姓名. / I’m + 姓名.
2. 询问身体状况
—How are you?
—I’m fine/great, thank you. And you?
3. 询问拼写
—How do you spell your name?
—字母逐个拼读
4. 初次见面问候
—Nice to meet you.
—Nice to meet you too.
5. 道别
—Goodbye! / Bye!
—Goodbye! / Bye!
九、易混语法点区分
1. too 副词:也、太,放句尾,逗号隔开
Nice to meet you, too. 我也很高兴见到你。
2. and 连词:和,连接并列人名/单词
Ella and Emma 艾拉和艾玛
3. that 指示代词:那个
That’s the bell. 铃声响了。(that is = that’s)
十、分层精简练习题
基础题(6小题,课堂当堂练)
(一)词形转换
1. hello(同义词)________
2. I(宾格)________
3. let us(缩写)________
(二)用 am / is / are 填空
1. I ______ Emma.
2. My name ______ Miller.
3. How ______ you?
(三)单项选择
( ) —How are you?
—______
A. Good morning B. I’m fine, thank you C. Bye
(四)问答连线
1. Nice to meet you. A. Good morning!
2. Good morning! B. Nice to meet you too.
(五)汉译英
早上好!________________
(六)简答
写出“Nice to meet you.”的答句:________________
提升题(5小题,课后巩固)
(一)选词填空(my / your / me / for / to)
1. You can call ______ Teng Fei. 2. It’s time ______ class.
(二)句型转换
My name is Emma.(对划线提问)
______ ______ name?
(三)单项选择
( ) —______ do you spell your name?
—E-M-M-A.
A. How B. What
(四)补全对话
A: May I have your name?
B: My name is Lily. Nice ______ meet you.
A: Nice to meet you too.
(五)英译汉
May I have your name? ________________
拔高题(4小题,拓展拔高)
(一)改错(划出错误并改正)
1. My name am Emma. ________ 2. Let’s to go to class. ________
(二)情景判断,对T错F
__________对方说 Nice to meet you. 你回答 Nice to meet you too.
(三)句子排序
__________Nice to meet you too.
__________Nice to meet you.
__________Good morning.
(四)小作文
编写一段6句左右完整问候对话(打招呼→问姓名→问好→道别)
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参考答案
基础题
1. hi;me;let’s
2. am;is;are
3. B
4. 1-B;2-A
5. Good morning!
6. Nice to meet you too.
提升题
1. me;for
2. What’s your
3. A
4. to
5. 请问你叫什么名字?
拔高题
1. am → is;去掉to
2. T
3. 3 2 1
4. 范文
A: Good morning!
B: Good morning!
A: May I have your name?
B: My name is Amy. Nice to meet you.
A: Nice to meet you too. It’s time for class. Goodbye!
B: Bye!
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