专题01 名词&代词【简语法-暑假自习课】2026-2027学年八年级上学期英语语法复习 重难点逐项突破(人教版)

2026-07-04
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语人教版八年级上册
年级 八年级
章节 -
类型 学案-学习任务单
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使用场景 寒暑假-暑假
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
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审核时间 2026-07-04
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暑假 · 重难点突破 专题01名词&代词 新八年级英语 重难点逐项突破(人教版) 1. 熟悉“名词&代词”用法 2. 掌握“名词&代词”解题技巧 3. 轻松驾驭“名词&代词”真题 模块一:名词(熟悉基础用法) 分类 具体规则 适用场景 高频易错点 1. 名词分类 专有名词(人 / 地 / 国,首字母大写);普通名词(可数 / 不可数) 单词辨析、单项选择、填空 星期、月份首字母漏写;分不清可数、不可数名词 2. 可数名词 单数变复数:一般 + s;s/x/ch/sh 结尾 + es;辅音 + y 变 i+es;f/fe 变 v+es 单复数变形考题 child、man 等不规则复数容易写错 3. 名词所有格 单数名词 +'s;复数 s 结尾只加 ';无生命物品用 of 表所属 物品归属题型 多人共有只在最后名词加’s 经典例句 1. I have two boxes. 我有两个盒子。 2. This is Lily’s bag. 这是莉莉的书包。 3. the door of the room 房间的门 模块二:名词(解题技巧) 分类 解题步骤 判断依据 考场技巧 1. 辨可数不可数 判断物品能否一个个数;液体、肉类多为不可数 many + 可数复数;much + 不可数原形 空格前有 many,名词必变复数 2. 变单复数 a/an 后用单数;two/many/several 后用复数 冠词、数量词提示单复数 看到数词大于 1,名词变复数 3. 判断所有格 翻译句子出现 “…… 的”,考虑所有格 人、动物用’s;物品用 of 两个名词表所属关系,优先所有格 模块三:代词(熟悉基础用法) 分类 具体规则 适用场景 高频易错点 1. 人称代词 主格作主语(放动词前);宾格作宾语(动词 / 介词后) 句型转换、选词填空 动词后面错用主格 I/he 2. 物主代词 形容词性物主代词 + 名词;名词性物主代词单独使用 词义辨析 mine/yours 后多余加名词 3. 不定代词 some 多用于肯定句;any 用于否定、疑问句;every 后接单数名词 单选辨析 everyone 作主语,谓语动词用单数 经典例句 1. She likes me. 她喜欢我。 2. This book is hers. 这本书是她的。 3. Do you have any pens? 你有一些钢笔吗? 模块四:代词(解题技巧) 分类 解题步骤 判断依据 考场技巧 1. 区分主宾格 看位置:谓语前用主格;动词、介词后用宾格 主格:I/she/they;宾格:me/her/them 动词后空格,直接填宾格 2. 两类物主代词 空后有名词用 my/his/her;无名词用 mine/his/hers 有无名词快速区分 空格后无名词,必用名词性物主代词 3. 不定代词辨析 肯定句用 some;否定、问句换 any 希望得到肯定回答的问句可用 some 句中有 not,把 some 改为 any 模块五:名词 & 代词综合辨析 辨析 名词 代词 解题通用口诀 核心功能 表示人、事物、地点的名称 代替前文名词,避免重复 名词分清单复数,代词区分主宾格 有名用形物代,无名用名物代 句子位置 可作主语、宾语、表语 只能充当主语、宾语,不修饰名词 many 配可数复数,much 搭配不可数 核心考点 复数变形、名词所有格 主格、宾格、两类物主代词 翻译带 “的”,名词考虑所有格 一、单项选择题(10 小题) 1. There are five ______ on the desk. A. box B. boxes C. boxs 2. This is my friend. ______ name is Anna. A. She B. Her C. Hers 3. I can see some ______ in the classroom. A. child B. childs C. children 4. The new bike is ______. A. I B. my C. mine 5. Three ______ bags are on the sofa. A. boy B. boys’ C. boy’s 6. Do you have ______ pencils? A. some B. any C. a 7. My mother and ______ go shopping together. A. I B. me C. my 8. A lot of ______ is in the cup. A. water B. waters C. a water 9. That pair of ______ is cheap. A. shoe B. shoes C. shoe’s 10. He often helps ______ with English. A. we B. us C. our 二、单句语法填空(10 小题,用括号内单词适当形式填空) 1. There are five ________ (box) on the desk. 2. This is my friend. ________ (she) name is Anna. 3. I can see some ________ (child) in the classroom. 4. The new bike is ________ (I). 5. Three ________ (boy) bags are on the sofa. 6. Do you have ________ (some) pencils? 7. My mother and ________ (I) go shopping together. 8. A lot of ________ (water) is in the cup. 9. That pair of ________ (shoe) is cheap. 10. He often helps ________ (we) with English. 三、语法选择 在每小题所给的三个选项中,选出可以填入句子空白处的最佳选项,并将答案写在题前的括号内。 Once upon a time, there were two little ducks, Quick and Quack. They were brothers and they lived 1 their mother. They always competed (竞争) with each other.   One day, when they were on 2 way home after they visited their uncle, they saw a river. They decided to have 3 race. And then the two ducks swam 4 into the river.   Quack knew that the current (水流) in the middle of the river was very fast 5 that it would help him. But their mother told them never 6 in the middle of a river because it was dangerous.   Quack thought of it for a moment, but he decided to have a try. Quick also 7 about the current. But he always followed his 8 words.   The current in the middle of the river was very 9 . Quack became the first one. However, 10 a big whirlpool (漩涡) in the river. Quack couldn’t get out of it. Luckily, a swan found and saved him. After that, Quack realized that he shouldn’t do anything dangerous to get something he wanted. 1.A.on B.in C.with 2.A.their B.they C.them 3.A.an B.the C.a 4.A.quickly B.quicker C.quickness 5.A.or B.and C.but 6.A.to swim B.swim C.swimming 7.A.know B.knows C.knew 8.A.mother B.mothers C.mother’s 9.A.strong B.stronger C.the strongest 10.A.It was B.There was C.There were 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Malee is a girl from Thailand. She 1 (love) animals very much. She has learned about many different animals from all over the world. In Africa, there are tall giraffes with long necks. They are very 2 (friend) and cool. The wolf and the fox are also from different parts of the world. In Antarctica, there are cute penguins. They are good 3 (swim). And in the ocean, there 4 (be) huge whales and scary sharks. The whales are the largest animals in the sea. However, many animals are in 5 (dangerous). People cut down 6 (forest) where animals like the wolf live. Some people also kill animals for their fur, ivory or other body parts. For example, elephants are killed for 7 (they) ivory. We should take care of these animals and save them. We can’t be blind to the importance of 8 (save) animals. We should know what will happen if we don’t protect them. Maybe one day, we will have no chance to see these 9 (amaze) animals at all. Malee often tells her friends 10 (look) after animals. She says it’s our luck to share the earth with these wonderful creatures. 3 / 5乐思英语 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $暑假 · 重难点突破 专题01名词&代词 新八年级英语 重难点逐项突破(人教版) 1. 熟悉“名词&代词”用法 2. 掌握“名词&代词”解题技巧 3. 轻松驾驭“名词&代词”真题 模块一:名词(熟悉基础用法) 分类 具体规则 适用场景 高频易错点 1. 名词分类 专有名词(人 / 地 / 国,首字母大写);普通名词(可数 / 不可数) 单词辨析、单项选择、填空 星期、月份首字母漏写;分不清可数、不可数名词 2. 可数名词 单数变复数:一般 + s;s/x/ch/sh 结尾 + es;辅音 + y 变 i+es;f/fe 变 v+es 单复数变形考题 child、man 等不规则复数容易写错 3. 名词所有格 单数名词 +'s;复数 s 结尾只加 ';无生命物品用 of 表所属 物品归属题型 多人共有只在最后名词加’s 经典例句 1. I have two boxes. 我有两个盒子。 2. This is Lily’s bag. 这是莉莉的书包。 3. the door of the room 房间的门 模块二:名词(解题技巧) 分类 解题步骤 判断依据 考场技巧 1. 辨可数不可数 判断物品能否一个个数;液体、肉类多为不可数 many + 可数复数;much + 不可数原形 空格前有 many,名词必变复数 2. 变单复数 a/an 后用单数;two/many/several 后用复数 冠词、数量词提示单复数 看到数词大于 1,名词变复数 3. 判断所有格 翻译句子出现 “…… 的”,考虑所有格 人、动物用’s;物品用 of 两个名词表所属关系,优先所有格 模块三:代词(熟悉基础用法) 分类 具体规则 适用场景 高频易错点 1. 人称代词 主格作主语(放动词前);宾格作宾语(动词 / 介词后) 句型转换、选词填空 动词后面错用主格 I/he 2. 物主代词 形容词性物主代词 + 名词;名词性物主代词单独使用 词义辨析 mine/yours 后多余加名词 3. 不定代词 some 多用于肯定句;any 用于否定、疑问句;every 后接单数名词 单选辨析 everyone 作主语,谓语动词用单数 经典例句 1. She likes me. 她喜欢我。 2. This book is hers. 这本书是她的。 3. Do you have any pens? 你有一些钢笔吗? 模块四:代词(解题技巧) 分类 解题步骤 判断依据 考场技巧 1. 区分主宾格 看位置:谓语前用主格;动词、介词后用宾格 主格:I/she/they;宾格:me/her/them 动词后空格,直接填宾格 2. 两类物主代词 空后有名词用 my/his/her;无名词用 mine/his/hers 有无名词快速区分 空格后无名词,必用名词性物主代词 3. 不定代词辨析 肯定句用 some;否定、问句换 any 希望得到肯定回答的问句可用 some 句中有 not,把 some 改为 any 模块五:名词 & 代词综合辨析 辨析 名词 代词 解题通用口诀 核心功能 表示人、事物、地点的名称 代替前文名词,避免重复 名词分清单复数,代词区分主宾格 有名用形物代,无名用名物代 句子位置 可作主语、宾语、表语 只能充当主语、宾语,不修饰名词 many 配可数复数,much 搭配不可数 核心考点 复数变形、名词所有格 主格、宾格、两类物主代词 翻译带 “的”,名词考虑所有格 一、单项选择题(10 小题) 1. There are five ______ on the desk. A. box B. boxes C. boxs 答案:B 解析:句意:桌子上有五个盒子。five 是大于 1 的数词,后面可数名词 box 要变复数,x 结尾加 es,选 boxes。 2. This is my friend. ______ name is Anna. A. She B. Her C. Hers 答案:B 解析:句意:这是我的朋友,她的名字叫安娜。空后有名词 name,需要形容词性物主代词 Her 修饰名词。 3. I can see some ______ in the classroom. A. child B. childs C. children 答案:C 解析:句意:我能看见一些孩子在教室里。some 后接可数名词复数,child 的不规则复数是 children。 4. The new bike is ______. A. I B. my C. mine 答案:C 解析:句意:这辆新自行车是我的。空格后没有名词,单独使用要用名词性物主代词 mine。 5. Three ______ bags are on the sofa. A. boy B. boys’ C. boy’s 答案:B 解析:句意:三个男孩的书包在沙发上。three 后 boy 变复数 boys,复数名词所有格直接加’。 6. Do you have ______ pencils? A. some B. any C. a 答案:B 解析:句意:你有一些铅笔吗?本句是一般疑问句,some 要换成 any。 7. My mother and ______ go shopping together. A. I B. me C. my 答案:A 解析:句意:我妈妈和我一起去购物。空格和 My mother 并列作句子主语,使用主格 I。 8. A lot of ______ is in the cup. A. water B. waters C. a water 答案:A 解析:句意:杯子里有很多水。water 是不可数名词,没有复数形式,直接用原形。 9. That pair of ______ is cheap. A. shoe B. shoes C. shoe’s 答案:B 解析:句意:那双鞋子很便宜。shoe 表示鞋子,固定使用复数形式 shoes。 10. He often helps ______ with English. A. we B. us C. our 答案:B 解析:句意:他经常帮助我们学英语。动词 help 后面要用人称代词宾格 us。 二、单句语法填空(10 小题,用括号内单词适当形式填空) 1. There are five ________ (box) on the desk. 答案:boxes 解析:句意:桌子上有五个盒子。five 为大于 1 的数量词,box 是以 x 结尾的可数名词,变复数加 es。 2. This is my friend. ________ (she) name is Anna. 答案:Her 解析:句意:这是我的朋友,她的名字叫安娜。空格后有名词 name,要用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。 3. I can see some ________ (child) in the classroom. 答案:children 解析:句意:我能看见一些孩子在教室里。some 后接可数名词复数,child 是不规则变化,复数为 children。 4. The new bike is ________ (I). 答案:mine 解析:句意:这辆新自行车是我的。空格后没有名词,单独使用名词性物主代词 mine。 5. Three ________ (boy) bags are on the sofa. 答案:boys’ 解析:句意:三个男孩的书包在沙发上。three 后 boy 变复数 boys,复数名词所有格直接加’。 6. Do you have ________ (some) pencils? 答案:any 解析:句意:你有一些铅笔吗?本句是一般疑问句,疑问句中 some 需要改为 any。 7. My mother and ________ (I) go shopping together. 答案:I 解析:句意:我妈妈和我一起去购物。空格和 my mother 共同作句子主语,使用主格 I。 8. A lot of ________ (water) is in the cup. 答案:water 解析:句意:杯子里有很多水。water 是不可数名词,不存在复数形式,用原形。 9. That pair of ________ (shoe) is cheap. 答案:shoes 解析:句意:那双鞋子很便宜。shoe 表示鞋子,固定使用复数形式 shoes。 10. He often helps ________ (we) with English. 答案:us 解析:句意:他经常帮助我们学英语。动词 help 后接宾语,人称代词要用宾格形式 us。 三、语法选择 在每小题所给的三个选项中,选出可以填入句子空白处的最佳选项,并将答案写在题前的括号内。 Once upon a time, there were two little ducks, Quick and Quack. They were brothers and they lived 1 their mother. They always competed (竞争) with each other.   One day, when they were on 2 way home after they visited their uncle, they saw a river. They decided to have 3 race. And then the two ducks swam 4 into the river.   Quack knew that the current (水流) in the middle of the river was very fast 5 that it would help him. But their mother told them never 6 in the middle of a river because it was dangerous.   Quack thought of it for a moment, but he decided to have a try. Quick also 7 about the current. But he always followed his 8 words.   The current in the middle of the river was very 9 . Quack became the first one. However, 10 a big whirlpool (漩涡) in the river. Quack couldn’t get out of it. Luckily, a swan found and saved him. After that, Quack realized that he shouldn’t do anything dangerous to get something he wanted. 1.A.on B.in C.with 2.A.their B.they C.them 3.A.an B.the C.a 4.A.quickly B.quicker C.quickness 5.A.or B.and C.but 6.A.to swim B.swim C.swimming 7.A.know B.knows C.knew 8.A.mother B.mothers C.mother’s 9.A.strong B.stronger C.the strongest 10.A.It was B.There was C.There were 【答案】 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.B 【导语】本文讲述两只小鸭比赛游泳的故事。Quack不听妈妈劝告走水路中间,虽赢却遇险,最终明白安全的重要性。 【详解】1.句意:它们是兄弟,和妈妈一起生活。 这里表示“和妈妈住在一起”,表示伴随关系,应选用with“和……一起”,形成搭配live with“和……一起住”。 2.句意:一天,它们拜访完叔叔,在回家的路上看到了一条河。 固定搭配on one’s way home表示“在某人回家的路上”,主语是“they”,需用形容词性物主代词their“它们的”修饰名词“way”。 3.句意:它们决定进行一场比赛。 固定搭配have a race表示“进行一场比赛”。这里泛指一场比赛,“race”是以辅音音素开头的单词,用不定冠词a。 4.句意:然后两只鸭子飞快地游进了河里。 这里修饰动词“swam”需用副词,应选用quickly“快地”。 5.句意:Quack知道河中央的水流很急,并且这股水流能帮它(快速前进)。 前面说水流很急,后面说水流快能帮助它。前后句是顺承关系,需用并列连词and“并且”连接两个宾语从句。 6.句意:但它们的妈妈告诉过它们永远不要在河中央游泳,因为那很危险。 固定结构tell sb. never to do sth.表示“告诉某人永远不要做某事”,应选用不定式to swim。 7.句意:Quick也知道水流的情况。 因为全文整体是过去时态,这里动词应选用过去式knew“知道”。 8.句意:但它始终遵循妈妈的教导。 这里表示“妈妈的话”,需用名词所有格来修饰“words”,应选用mother’s“妈妈的”。 9.句意:河中央的水流非常湍急。 副词“very”修饰形容词原级,这里应选用strong“强劲的”。 10.句意:然而,河里出现了一个大漩涡。 表示“某地有某物”用there be句型,“a big whirlpool”是单数,且时态为过去时,应选用There was。 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Malee is a girl from Thailand. She 1 (love) animals very much. She has learned about many different animals from all over the world. In Africa, there are tall giraffes with long necks. They are very 2 (friend) and cool. The wolf and the fox are also from different parts of the world. In Antarctica, there are cute penguins. They are good 3 (swim). And in the ocean, there 4 (be) huge whales and scary sharks. The whales are the largest animals in the sea. However, many animals are in 5 (dangerous). People cut down 6 (forest) where animals like the wolf live. Some people also kill animals for their fur, ivory or other body parts. For example, elephants are killed for 7 (they) ivory. We should take care of these animals and save them. We can’t be blind to the importance of 8 (save) animals. We should know what will happen if we don’t protect them. Maybe one day, we will have no chance to see these 9 (amaze) animals at all. Malee often tells her friends 10 (look) after animals. She says it’s our luck to share the earth with these wonderful creatures. 【答案】 1. loves 2. friendly 3. swimmers 4. are 5. danger 6. forests 7. their 8. saving 9. amazing 10. to look 【导语】本文讲述了泰国女孩Malee热爱动物,介绍了几种动物的特点,并指出动物正面临人类活动带来的危险,呼吁大家保护动物。 【详解】1. 句意:她非常喜欢动物。全文使用一般现在时叙述事实,主语She为第三人称单数,谓语动词需加-s,故填loves。 2. 句意:它们非常友好又很酷。句中“are very…”为“be+副词+形容词”结构,friend需变为形容词friendly,表示“友好的”。 3. 句意:它们是优秀的游泳者。good为形容词,后接名词,swim指游泳动作,变为表示“游泳者”的名词swimmer;前文penguins为复数,故填swimmers。 4. 句意:在海洋里,有巨大的鲸鱼和可怕的鲨鱼。be动词需与离其最近的主语huge whales保持一致,为复数,且全文时态为一般现在时,故填are。 5. 句意:然而,许多动物处于危险之中。“in danger”为固定搭配,dangerous为形容词,需变为名词danger,构成in danger,表示“处于危险中”。 6. 句意:人们砍伐像狼这样的动物居住的森林。forest为可数名词,前无冠词,且“like the wolf”暗示不止一片森林,需用复数形式forests。 7. 句意:例如,大象因为它们的象牙而被杀害。空后ivory为名词,需用形容词性物主代词修饰,they的物主代词为their。 8. 句意:我们不能忽视拯救动物的重要性。介词of后接动词作宾语,需用动名词形式,save变为saving。 9. 句意:也许有一天,我们将完全没有机会看到这些令人惊叹的动物。空后animals为名词,需用形容词修饰,amaze意为“使惊奇”,此处表示“令人惊叹的”,修饰物用amazing。 10. 句意:Malee经常告诉她的朋友们要照顾动物。tell sb. to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“告诉某人做某事”,故填to look。 6 / 8乐思英语 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题01 名词&代词【简语法-暑假自习课】2026-2027学年八年级上学期英语语法复习 重难点逐项突破(人教版)
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