选择性必修第2册 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2027年高考英语一轮复习（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义覆盖词汇运用、语法句型、写作表达等核心考点，按“基础词汇—语法规则—语用输出”逻辑架构知识体系，通过单词拼写、语境运用、句型公式梳理等环节夯实基础，结合真题模拟与写作专项训练，帮助学生构建从知识积累到综合应用的复习路径。 讲义突出语境化教学与分层训练特色，如利用构词法密码提升词汇记忆效率，通过“have+宾语+过去分词”等句型公式培养语法思维，应用文写作采用“活动目的—征稿要求—欢迎投稿”三段式结构强化表达逻辑，助力学生提升语言能力与学习能力，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考效率提供系统支持。

Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．She was an outstanding (优秀的) student, consistently topping her class in every subject. 2．The setting sun cast (投射) long shadows over the pond, and the temperature dropped sharply.His ears ached with cold, but the shame hurt more. 3．Suspected (怀疑) of damaging this cultural heritage，he was arrested by the police. 4．The above chart shows that the poor performance of many students at school is closely linked (联系) to their frequent use of smartphones. 5．From my point of view, we should also take English books and websites into consideration, thus laying a solid (可靠的) foundation for English. 6．After pouring (倒出) oil into a pan and turning on the stove，I waited patiently until the oil was hot. Ⅱ.语境运用 1．This card made us feel very warm, like it was the best proof (prove) of our kindness on the journey. 2．Samantha found herself growing frustrated (frustrate), especially when Lisa's grades began to slip. 3．The diary, which I initially (initial) thought was a disappointing gift, turned out to be the most precious one. 4．Tom's transformation (transform) inspired others, proving that with the right encouragement, anyone can overcome challenges and find their place. 5．(2026·黑龙江哈尔滨模拟)The bright stadium lights shone on my face as I rushed past two defenders (defend), my heart beating fast. 6．With tears pouring (pour) down his cheeks, he watched the documentary film tracing (trace) the history of the ancient town. 7．With the widespread use of the Internet, communication across the world has steadily (steady) developed over the years. 8．Whenever you talking about something with positive thinking (think), I took out a stone. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．直到我参加了采摘活动，我才意识到自己动手工作有多重要。 I didn't realize how important working with my own hands was until I took part in the picking activity．(活动介绍) 2．他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉舌头打结，手心出汗。(心理描写) He was so nervous that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating. 3．因为每个人的时间都是有限的，所以我们都应该珍惜时间，努力实现自己的梦想。(主旨升华) Since everyone's time is limited, we're surely supposed to cherish it and work hard to have our dreams realized． blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．指责；责备 (1)blame...for (doing) sth 　责备……(做了)某事 blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某事 be to blame (for...) (为……)应承担责任 (2)bear/take/accept/shoulder the blame (for sth) (为某事)承担责任 put/lay/place the blame on... 责备…… [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In my view, Li Hua, who broke the school rules, was to blame (blame). ②我们应该多交流、 换位思考而不是相互责怪。 (建议信) Instead of blaming each other，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place. ③由于演出失败受到责备，蒂姆感到一阵悲伤，忍不住痛哭。(情感描写) Blamed for the failure of the performance, Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn't help crying bitterly. decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 (1)decrease by　　减少了 decrease (from...)to (从……)减少到 decrease in 在某方面下降 (2)on the decrease 在减少 a decrease in sth 某方面的减少 [练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Over the past decades, sea ice has decreased (decrease) in the Arctic as a result of global warming. ②As a result of the appearance of smartphones the number of people who read magazines is on the decrease. ③令人遗憾的是，近年来，全球变暖导致了野生动物数量的急剧减少。(环境问题) It's a pity that global warming has caused a sharp decrease in the number of wildlife in recent years. ④根据最近进行的一项调查，长时间沉迷于网络购物将极大地减少人们参加社交活动的欲望。 Being addicted to online shopping for too long, according to a survey conducted recently, will greatly decrease people's desire to take part in social activities. defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解[defenc(s)e n．防御；保卫；保护 defensive adj. 防御的，防守的] (1)defend...against/from 　　保护……免受 defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护 (2)in defence (of) 保护；为了保卫 [练透]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①He stepped back appearing frightened and put up his hands as if in defence. ②With no shelter in sight, Alice was determined to defend her sister from/against any danger that the storm might bring.(场景描写) ③看到这只凶猛的狼，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(肢体动作描写) Seeing the fierce wolf, he rushed to defend his son like an arrow.(defend) →Seeing the fierce wolf, he rushed in defence of his son like an arrow.(defence) come down with 患(病)；染上(小病) come across　 (偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解 come about 发生(无被动形式) come out 出版；结果是；(花)开放 come up 走近；上来；被提出 come up with　　提出；想出(主意、计划、回答等) when it comes to... 当谈及…… [练透]　come短语填空/完成句子 ①I need come up with a creative theme for my sister's birthday party by the end of the week. ②Firstly，when you come across unfamiliar words，don't always refer to the dictionary. ③意识到我的伴侣得了严重的病，我喉咙哽住了，焦急地赶往医院。(心理描写) Aware that my partner came down with a serious disease, I had knots in my throat and rushed to hospital anxiously. ④说到英语学习，我分享以下实用的建议。(建议信) When it comes to English learning, I have the following practical suggestions to share. above all 最重要的是；尤其是 after all　　　毕竟；终究 all in all 整体说来；总而言之 in all 全部；合计 first of all 首先 at all (否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟 [练透]　all短语填空 Learning that you are coming to Beijing Language and Culture University as an exchange student，I am writing to offer you some suggestions.First of all，it would be beneficial if you could learn some basic Chinese before you arrive.After all，you will be in completely unfamiliar surroundings.Secondly，you should be outgoing，active，and confident.Above all，maintaining an optimistic attitude will greatly assist you in adapting to the new environment.All in all，pursuing a degree in a different culture is not an easy task at all，but with the right mindset and preparation，you will surely succeed.(建议信) 句型公式：have＋宾语＋过去分词(短语) 教材原句：Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 相应地，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。 (1)have sth done　使某事被做 have sb do sth 让某人做某事 have sb/sth doing sth 让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态 can't have sb doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事 (2)have sth to do 有某事要做 [练透]　完成句子 ①很抱歉我不能参加舞蹈练习；我在楼梯上滑倒后脚受伤了，长时间站立很困难。(道歉信) I am sorry I could not attend the dance practice; I had my feet hurt after slipping on the stairs, making it difficult to stand for too long. ②我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。(道歉信) I am terribly sorry for having you waiting for so long, because I had an urgent thing to attend to just now. ③我很遗憾地告诉你，我将会让你退出比赛，因为我们不能容忍任何人在比赛中作弊。 I regret to tell you that I will have you quit the competition，for we can't have anybody cheating in the game. 句型公式：until引导的时间状语从句 教材原句：Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 (1)not...until...意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句； (2)在not...until...句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，此时主句用部分倒装语序； (3)not...until...句型的强调句式为It is/was not until...that...。[练透]　完成句子/一句多译 ①声音越来越大，直到大卫拖着腿越过终点线。(动作描写) The voice became louder and louder until David dragged his leg，crossing the finish line. ②直到那时，我才明白母亲的爱无价，没有什么能与之相比。 Not until then did I realize that the love of Mother is priceless, which nothing can match.(倒装) →It wasn't until then that I realized the love of Mother is priceless, which nothing can match.(强调) 　熟词生义 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思 1．He put forward a plan to abstract 8 million gallons of water from the river.v.抽取 2．(2024·北京卷)Soon, the cast list was posted.n.全体演员 3．The research lacks solid proof，and therefore，its conclusions are doubtful.adj.可靠的 4．He is determined to hire a famous lawyer to defend himself in court.v.辩解，辩护 5．Over twenty prisoners were crushed into a small dark cell.牢房；小房间 6．The government needs to pump more money into community care.v.大量注入 　一词多义 1．shift A．vi.挪动 B．n.轮班(生义)　C．vt.改变 D．vt.转移　E．vi.改变 ①They shifted their viewpoints frequently. C ②The school had to shift resources from less popular programs to more essential academic subjects. D ③Public attitudes towards this have shifted over the past 50 years. E ④It's better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end. A ⑤The student volunteers were divided into three shifts, each responsible for different activities and times. B 2．subscribe to A.订阅　B．赞成；同意　C．捐助 ①He subscribes to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once and for all. B ②Many people subscribed money to the education fund. C ③Amy thought it was worthwhile to read English newspapers every day so she subscribed to the 21st Century. A 3．handle A．vt.对付，处理 B．vt.操纵　C．n.把手(生义) D．vt.(用手)触，拿(生义) ①The teacher knows how to handle difficult students—she never loses her temper and guides them patiently. A ②The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. D ③Driving a car is not just handling controls but judging speed and distance. B ④Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles. C 　破解构词法密码 词缀记忆法　形容词后缀­ous, 表示“具有……性质的；充满……的” 规则 典例 直接 ＋ous ①danger→dangerous　　充满危险的 ②courage→courageous 有勇气的 ③mountain→mountainous 多山的 ④poison→poisonous 有毒的 ⑤courage→courageous 勇敢的 去e ＋ous continue→continuous　连续不断的，持续的 y→i ＋ous ①vary→various　 　各种各样的 ②envy→envious 羡慕的；嫉妒的 根据语境用括号内适当形式填空 1．(2025·北京卷)The shadow of this mysterious (mystery) institution steals away what success means to us. 2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Gunter's kindness had turned a potentially disastrous (disaster) evening into a memorable story I would cherish for years to come. 3．Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious (ambition) sportsmen. Ⅰ.应用文写作提分练—征稿启事(中国科学家精神) 3段式：活动目的→征稿要求→欢迎投稿 用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作并背诵全文。 假定你是某国际学校学生会主席李华，你校学生会正在向全体学生征集以“中国科学家精神”为主题的短视频。请你拟一则征稿启事，内容包括：1.活动目的；2.作品要求；3.投稿方式及截止时间。 第一步　斟酌词句　靓化表达(黑体部分请用本单元所复习的词汇和句式) 1．为了让学生们更深入地了解中国科学家的非凡精神，并鼓励学生们从他们身上得到启发，我校正征集以“中国科学家精神”为主题的短视频。 With the aim of offering students a deeper insight into the remarkable spirit of Chinese scientists and encouraging students to draw inspiration from them, our school is collecting short videos themed “The Spirit of Chinese Scientists”． 2．如果你的参赛作品满足以下要求，我们将优先考虑。 Preference will be given to your entry if it meets the following requirements． 3．视频要原创、积极、与主题密切相关。 The video is supposed to be original, positive and closely related to the theme. 4．视频应围绕杰出中国科学家的创造力、才华和成就展开，弘扬坚韧不拔的精神。 The video should center on the creativity, brilliance and achievements of an outstanding Chinese scientist, spreading the spirit of perseverance. 5．请于12月1日前将视频发到我校网站。期待您的积极参与！ Submit one through our school website no later than December 1st．Your active participation is highly anticipated! 第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(请利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇，如above all, furthermore, first of all等) Contributions Wanted With the aim of offering students a deeper insight into the remarkable spirit of Chinese scientists and encouraging students to draw inspiration from them, our school is collecting short videos themed “The Spirit of Chinese Scientists”． Preference will be given to your entry if it meets the following requirements.First of all, the video is supposed to be original, positive and closely related to the theme.Furthermore, the video should center on the creativity, brilliance and achievements of an outstanding Chinese scientist, spreading the spirit of perseverance.Above all, submit one through our school website no later than December 1st. Your active participation is highly anticipated! Student Union October 20th Ⅱ.读后续写提升练 Step 1　教材语料 亮词 [人物描写]　frustrated；contradictory；gifted；outstanding；brilliant；leadership [动作描写]　subscribe to；suspect；blame；handle；transform；cast；defend→defence/defense；come down with；in charge of 美句 1.He was determined to find out why.(情感描写) 2．For this reason，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.(比喻) 3．Born in Shanghai in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.(人物描写) 4．On 31 October 2009，the whole country was saddened by Qian's death.(拟人) 5．Besides being brilliant，he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he said or did.(人物描写) Step 2　续写微场景练(主题：人与动物——勇气的力量与毛孩子的陪伴) 根据续写故事情节和黑体部分的提示， 利用本单元词汇和句式补全续写场景，并背诵。 　　随着时间的推移，我发现自己完全变了。Simba的勇气鼓舞着我，我离家时不再流泪。每当我感到沮丧或挫败时，我的小狗都会安静地陪伴我，我会向它倾诉我内心的想法。每当我回到家，它都会舔我的手，蹦蹦跳跳地迎接我。一切似乎都在好转。直到那时，我才真正理解了我的治疗师(therapist)的建议。多亏了我的朋友和教练Simba，是他让我的生活恢复了原样。 　　As time went by, ①I found myself entirely transformed．Inspired by the bravery of Simba, I could leave my home without tears.②Every time I felt frustrated or defeated, my puppy would keep me company quietly and ③I would pour out all my inner thoughts to him． home, he greeted me by licking my hands and jumping up and down.Everything seemed to take a turn for the better.④Not until then did I truly understand my therapist's advice (倒装句).⑤Thanks to Simba, my friend and instructor, it was he that restored my life. 佳句仿写(铺灰部分)：松鼠一家，尤其小松鼠们，舔他的毛、挠他的肚子欢迎Squirt。很快，他们在树枝间追逐嬉戏起来。 ⑥The squirrel family, especially the young, welcomed Squirt by licking his fur and tickling his belly．Soon, they chased after each other in the branches. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $