Unit 1 Laugh out loud 非限制性定语从句（核心语法精练）英语外研版选择性必修第一册

Unit 1核心语法精练 （非限制性定语从句） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 3 一、单句改错（概念辨析） 3 二、用合适关系词填空 3 三、翻译与写作升级 4 三、综合提升 5 一、语法填空（模考真题） 5 二、阅读理解（模考真题） 6 三、应用文写作（模考真题）...........................................................................................................................8 非限制性定语从句 1、 单句改错（概念辨析） 下面每句话有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. The movie, that we watched last night, is very touching. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. My English teacher, which is from Canada, speaks Chinese very well. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. He didn't finish his homework, that made the teacher angry. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The old man has two sons, both of who are doctors. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. The summer vacation, which I visited Beijing, was wonderful. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. He lost the book which he bought it yesterday. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2、 用合适的关系词填空 用适当的关系词填空（who / whom / which / whose / as / when / where）。 1. The professor, ______ has published over 100 papers, will give us a lecture tomorrow. 2. The library, ______ we usually study, will be closed for renovation next week. 3. My best friend, ______ father is a famous chef, often brings delicious food to school. 4. The new policy, ______ was introduced last month, has already had a positive effect. 5. He stayed up late again, ______ made his mother very worried. 6. ______ is often the case, the harder you work, the better grades you will get. 7. The famous singer, ______ fans are mostly young people, will hold a concert in Shanghai. 8. I have three close friends, two of ______ are from the same hometown as me. 9. My birthday, ______ falls on a Sunday this year, will be celebrated at home. 10. The young man, ______ we met at the party, is the CEO of a start-up company. 3、 翻译与写作升级 A组——基础翻译（掌握核心句型） 1. 我的英语老师是一位年轻女士，她对我们很耐心。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 杭州是我去年去过的一座城市，它以西湖而闻名。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 众所周知，阅读对学习英语非常重要。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 他考试通过了，这让他的父母非常高兴。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 我有一个表姐，她的梦想是成为一名建筑师。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ B组——写作升级（把简单句升级为高级表达） 下面每道题给出两句简单句，请你用非限制性定语从句合并为一个复杂句 6. 我们学校有一个大图书馆。图书馆里有各种各样的书。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 王老师教我们英语。她总是鼓励我们多说多练。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 我买了一个新手机。它的价格很合理。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 李明在这次数学竞赛中得了第一名。这让全班同学都很骄傲。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 我住在一个小城市里。那里的人非常友善热情。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 一、语法填空 A 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （25-26高二上·四川泸州·期末）The Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge, one of the most monumental achievements, ____1____ (put) into use in Guizhou Province on September 28, 2025. It now holds the title of the world’s tallest bridge, with its deck soaring 625 meters above the river below. Stretching 2, 890 meters across a deep canyon, the bridge’s main span measures 1, 420 meters, which also ranks it as the world’s ____2____ (long) single-span steel truss suspension bridge in a mountainous area. This bridge serves as ____3____ critical link in the Liuzhi-Anlong Expressway. It has dramatically reduced travel time across the canyon from two hours ____4____ just about two minutes, significantly improving regional connectivity. Building the bridge presented extraordinary challenges. Engineers successfully overcame these difficulties, unpredictable strong winds ____5____ (include), through multiple technological innovations. ____6____ (addition), the project team employed an intelligent cable crane system and used high-strength steel wires during construction. These innovations contributed to the project ____7____ (receive) 21 authorized patents. Beyond its transportation function, the bridge represents China’s first comprehensive “bridge tourism” complex. It integrates bridge viewing, extreme sports experiences, and tourism services, and is expected to attract millions of ____8____ (visit). This initiative aims to transform the bridge and its surrounding area into a major tourist destination, ____9____ will significantly boost the local economy. The completion of this mega-project is so successful ____10____ it marks significant milestone in global bridge engineering. B （25-26高二上·湖北随州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Rice is the most common food for a large part of the world’s human population. Its biological cycle ____1____ (range) from about 95 days to around 250 days. It’s important to harvest rice crops on time. If we harvest too early, the ____2____ (collect) grains will not be fully grown. When crops are harvested late, grains will fall onto the ground, leading to heavy losses. As ____3____ general rule, the harvest may begin only when grains have a golden color. Harvesting can take place manually (手动地) or mechanically. In manual harvesting, farmers collect rice plants ____4____ (use) sharp knives. Then, they carefully remove the grains. Mechanical harvesting can be done with machines that combine all the ____5____ (function), such as cutting and threshing (脱粒). After harvesting, rice seeds contain a lot of moisture (水分). ____6____ (normal), farmers dry the grains out before storage ____7____ (prevent) them from going bad. There are mainly two approaches to making grains dry—the traditional method and the mechanical one. Because of its low and almost zero cost, the traditional drying method ____8____ (prefer) in plenty of countries. Farmers spread the grains over places ____9____ it’s easy for them to receive sunlight. The mechanical drying method uses different types of dryers to remove water _____10_____ grains. C （25-26高二上·安徽江淮名校·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The study in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships showed that friends who were viewed to be less ready for a ____1____ (commit) relationship were also seen to be more insecure in their relationships. People with insecure attachment styles tend to have higher ____2____ (level) of anxiety or engage in avoidance behaviors. Researchers conducted a survey of young adults, in ____3____ nearly 800 people participated. They ____4____ (report) on their own readiness for relationships, their friends’ readiness, and their friends’ attachment styles. This research design is one of only a few that focus on young adult friends. “Friendships impact not only our daily joy ____5____ our romantic futures,” says researcher William Chopik. “They can ____6____ (active) support or quietly damage dating chances.” The “sunshine” of friendship lies in mutual trust. This trust ____7____ (be) essential for healthy bonds. “Judgments of readiness likely explain all sorts of reasons why friends help and hurt our chances of finding love.” The ____8____ (present) of open communication prevents problems. Researchers encourage building honest discussions. “Friends play a key role in forming and ____9____ (maintain) romantic relationships, from introductions ____10____ advice. However, there is rarely a chance to know how they see us,” says Hyewon Yang, a psychology doctoral candidate. 二、阅读理解 （25-26高一上·湖南衡阳·期末）In an effort to control the nation’s growing problem with food wastage, South Korea has started a unique initiative — “Pay as You Trash”. Residents are required to separate their food waste from the rest of their rubbish and throw it separately in a centralized dustbin. And in order to access the bin, they actually need to pay by the kilo! As of now, South Korea has three methods in place to charge citizens for the food thrown away. One is through an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) card — when users tap this card over a specially designed food waste bin, the cap will open. This waste is automatically weighed and recorded in the user’s account. The user needs to settle this bill on a monthly basis. The second billing method is through pre-paid garbage bags. These specially designed bags are priced based on volume. For instance, in Seoul, a 10-liter garbage bag costs around $1. There’s also a bar code management system in place, in which citizens throw food waste directly into compost bins and pay for it by purchasing bar code stickers attached to the bin. Nearly every residential complex in the nation is equipped with one of these three payment systems. Even before the pay-by-weight system was introduced, South Koreans were still being charged for food waste—the cost was simply divided equally among the residents of each apartment block. The new system is not only fair, but is also designed to make consumers really feel the pinch of unreasonable waste. The more food they throw out, the more they end up paying. Citizens like Seoul housewife Ms. Kwan are now adopting innovative methods to avoid food waste. She makes sure to remove all the liquid out of leftover food before throwing it away. While preparing vegetables, she tries to make use of as much as the eatable parts as possible to minimize waste. 1. What is the centralized dustbin designed to do? A. Keep food rubbish. B. Break down food rubbish. C. Process household rubbish. D. Classify household rubbish. 2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the three payment methods? A. Their development procedure. B. Their construction cost. C. Their innovative appearance. D. Their operating principle. 3. How were the citizens charged before the new system was put forward? A. They paid a fixed fee. B. They shared the cost equally. C. They paid by weight. D. They enjoyed free access. 4. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase “feel the pinch” Paragraph 3? A. Predict the prospect. B. Analyse the component. C. Suffer the consequences. D. Propose the solution. 三、应用文写作 （25-26高二上·湖南长沙·期末）你校英文报正举办主题为“My Favorite Sports Star”的征文活动。请根据以下内容投稿： 1.介绍体育明星； 2.喜欢的理由； 3.给你的启迪。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1核心语法精练 （非限制性定语从句） 1、 单句改错（概念辨析） 1. 改正： The movie, which we watched last night, is very touching. 原因： 非限制性定语从句中不能用 that，指物用 which。 2. 改正： My English teacher, who is from Canada, speaks Chinese very well. 原因： 指人用 who，不能用 which。 3. 改正： He didn't finish his homework, which made the teacher angry. 原因： 指代整个主句时，用 which 不用 that。 4.改正： The old man has two sons, both of whom are doctors. 原因： 介词 of 后用 whom，不用 who。 5.改正： The summer vacation, when I visited Beijing, was wonderful. 原因： 先行词是时间，且从句中缺少时间状语，用 when。 6.改正： He lost the book which he bought yesterday.（去掉 it） 原因： which 已作 bought 的宾语，it 多余。 2、 用合适的关系词填空 1.who 2.where 3.whose 4.which 5.which 6.As 7.whose 8.whom 9.which 10.whom 3、 翻译与写作升级 A组——基础翻译（掌握核心句型） 1. 参考答案： My English teacher is a young lady, who is very patient with us. 写作迁移： 介绍老师/朋友时可用 → XX is a ..., who is ... 2. 参考答案： Hangzhou is a city which I visited last year, which is famous for the West Lake. 写作迁移： 介绍家乡/旅游地时可用 → XX is a ..., which is famous for ... 3. 参考答案： As we all know, reading is very important for learning English. 写作迁移： 作文开头引出观点时可用 → As we all know, ... 4. 参考答案： He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy. 写作迁移： 叙述事件结果时可用 → ..., which made sb. + 情绪形容词 5. 参考答案： I have a cousin, whose dream is to become an architect. 写作迁移： 介绍他人梦想/特征时可用 → I have a ..., whose dream is to ... B组——写作升级（把简单句升级为高级表达） 下面每道题给出两句简单句，请你用非限制性定语从句合并为一个复杂句 6. 基础合并： Our school has a big library, where there are all kinds of books. 升级参考： Our school has a big library, where a wide variety of books are available for students to read. 7. 基础合并： Ms. Wang teaches us English, who always encourages us to speak more and practice more. 升级参考： Ms. Wang, who teaches us English, always encourages us to speak more and practice more in class. 8. 基础合并： I bought a new phone, whose price is very reasonable. 升级参考： I bought a new phone yesterday, whose price is quite reasonable and whose design is very fashionable. 9. 基础合并： Li Ming won the first prize in the math competition, which made the whole class very proud. 升级参考： Li Ming won the first prize in the math competition, which made the whole class feel extremely proud of him. 10. 基础合并： I live in a small city, where people are very friendly and warm-hearted. 升级参考： I live in a small city, where the local people are incredibly friendly and always ready to help others. 一、语法填空 A 【答案】1. was put 2. longest 3. a 4. to 5. included 6. Additionally 7. receiving 8. visitors 9. which 10. that 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了2025年9月28日正式通车的贵州花江大峡谷大桥。 1.考查时态语态。句意：花江大峡谷大桥是人类最具里程碑意义的成就之一，于2025年9 月28日在贵州省正式通车。空处作句子的谓语，由时间状语on September 28, 2025可知，句子描述过去的动作，应用一般过去时，put与主语The Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词应用was。故填was put。 2.考查形容词最高级。句意：这座桥横跨深峡谷，全长2890米，主跨径为1420米，这也使其成为世界上跨径最长的山区单跨钢桁梁悬索桥。由the world’s和句意可知，此处表示“世界上最长的”，应用形容词最高级longest作定语，修饰名词bridge。故填longest。 3.考查冠词。句意：这座桥是六枝—安龙高速公路的关键连接枢纽。link为可数名词单数，且此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，critical是发音为辅音音素开头的单词，不定冠词应用a。故填a。 4.考查介词。句意：它将穿越峡谷的通行时间从两小时大幅缩短至仅约两分钟，显著提升了区域间的互联互通水平。reduce...from...to...是固定搭配，意为“把……从……减少到……”，所以此处应用介词to。故填to。 5.考查非谓语动词。句意：工程师们通过多项技术创新，成功克服了这些困难，其中包括难以预测的强风。此处为独立主格结构“名词 + 过去分词”，include的过去分词included 表示“被包含在内”，故填included。故填included。 6.考查副词。句意：此外，项目团队在施工过程中采用了智能缆载起重机系统，并使用了高强度钢丝。空处修饰整个句子，应用副词additionally作状语，意为“此外”，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Additionally。 7.考查非谓语动词。句意：这些创新成果助力该项目获得了21项授权专利。contribute to doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“有助于做某事”，所以此处应用动名词形式作宾语。故填receiving。 8.考查名词复数。句意：它集观桥、极限运动体验和旅游服务于一体，预计将吸引数百万游客。由millions of可知，此处应用名词visitor的复数形式visitors，表示“游客”，作动词attract的宾语。故填visitors。 9.考查定语从句。句意：这一举措旨在将大桥及其周边区域打造成大型旅游目的地，这将极大地推动当地经济发展。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 10.考查状语从句。句意：这一超级工程的建成极为成功，它标志着全球桥梁工程领域的一个重要里程碑。so...that...是固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，所以此处应用that引导结果状语从句。故填that。 B 【答案】1. ranges 2. collected 3. a 4. using 5. functions 6. Normally 7. to prevent 8. is preferred 9. where 10. from 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大米是世界上大部分人口最常见的食物，以及水稻的收割和干燥方式。 1.考查时态。句意：其生物周期约为95天至250天左右。句子陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为cycle，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填ranges。 2.考查非谓语动词。句意：如果我们收割得太早，收获的谷物就会长不好。collect与逻辑主语grains之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式collected作定语，故填collected。 3.考查冠词。句意：一般来说，只有当谷物呈金黄色时，才能开始收获。短语as a general rule表示“一般来说”。故填a。 4.考查非谓语动词。句意：在手工收割中，农民用锋利的刀收割水稻。此处use与逻辑主语farmers构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填using。 5.考查名词的数。句意：机械收获可以用集所有功能于一体的机器来完成，比如切割和脱粒。根据后文such as cutting and threshing可知，此处表示不止一个功能，名词应用复数形式。故填functions。 6.考查副词。句意：通常情况下，农民在储藏前会把谷物晒干，以防止它们变质。修饰后文句子应用副词normally，作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Normally。 7.考查非谓语动词。句意：通常情况下，农民在储藏前会把谷物晒干，以防止它们变质。空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式形式。故填to prevent。 8.考查时态语态。句意：由于其低成本和几乎为零的成本，传统的干燥方法在许多国家是首选。主语method与谓语prefer构成被动关系，且句子陈述事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是the traditional drying method，be动词使用is。故填is preferred。 9.考查定语从句。句意：农民们把谷物撒在容易接受阳光的地方。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词places，关系词在从句作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。 10.考查介词。句意：机械干燥法使用不同类型的干燥器去除谷物中的水分。短语remove…from…表示“去除”。故填from。 C 【答案】1. committed 2. levels 3. which 4. reported 5. but 6. actively 7. is 8. presence 9. maintaining 10. to 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了最近一项研究提示了朋友对个体恋爱关系的准备度判断，情感安全感及择偶机会的重要影响，强调了友谊在塑造和维持健康亲密关系中的关键作用。 1.考查形容词。句意：《社会与人际关系杂志》上的一项研究表明，那些被认为对稳定恋爱关系准备不足的朋友，在其人际关系中也被认为更缺乏安全感。空处应填形容词committed作定语，修饰名词relationship，表示“忠诚的”。故填committed。 2.考查名词复数。句意：具有不安全依恋类型的人往往焦虑程度更高，或会出现回避行为。空处应填名词作宾语，level是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填levels。 3.考查定语从句。句意：研究人员对年轻人开展了一项调查，近800人参与其中。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词survey，指物，关系词在从句中作介词in的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 4.考查动词时态。句意：参与者需说明自己对恋爱关系的准备程度、朋友的准备程度以及朋友的依恋类型。空处作谓语，根据上文的conducted可知，句子陈述的动作发生在过去，为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填reported。 5.考查固定短语。句意：“友谊不仅会影响我们的日常幸福感，还会影响我们的恋爱前景，”研究人员威廉・乔皮克表示。not only...but (also)...为固定搭配，表示“不仅……而且……”，所以空处应用but。故填but。 6.考查副词。句意：它们既可能积极支持我们的恋爱机会，也可能悄无声息地破坏它。空处修饰动词support，应用副词actively，表示“积极地”。故填actively。 7.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这种信任对健康的人际关系至关重要。空处作谓语，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语trust表示“信任”，为不可数名词，be动词应用is。故填is。 8.考查名词。句意：开放沟通的存在能够预防问题的产生。空处应填名词presence作主语，表示“存在”。故填presence。 9.考查非谓语动词。句意：“从介绍对象到提供建议，朋友在恋爱关系的建立和维持中都扮演着关键角色。然而，我们却很少有机会了解他们眼中的我们，”心理学博士候选人Hyewon Yang说道。空处和forming并列，作介词in的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填maintaining。 10.考查介词。句意：“从介绍对象到提供建议，朋友在恋爱关系的建立和维持中都扮演着关键角色。然而，我们却很少有机会了解他们眼中的我们，”心理学博士候选人Hyewon Yang说道。from...to...为固定短语，表示“从……到……”，所以空处应用介词to。故填to。 二、阅读理解 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。为了控制韩国日益严重的食物浪费问题，韩国推出了一项独特的举措——“为垃圾买单”。居民们被要求将食物垃圾与其他垃圾分开，分别扔进一个集中的垃圾箱。为了进入垃圾桶，他们实际上需要按公斤付钱！ 1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Residents are required to separate their food waste from the rest of their rubbish and throw it separately in a centralized dustbin.(居民们被要求将食物垃圾与其他垃圾分开，分别扔进一个集中的垃圾箱)”可知，集中垃圾箱的设计目的是保存食品垃圾。故选A。 2.主旨大意题。根据第二段“As of now, South Korea has three methods in place to charge citizens for the food thrown away. One is through an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) card — when users tap this card over a specially designed food waste bin, the cap will open. This waste is automatically weighed and recorded in the user’s account. The user needs to settle this bill on a monthly basis. The second billing method is through pre-paid garbage bags. These specially designed bags are priced based on volume. For instance, in Seoul, a 10-liter garbage bag costs around $1. There’s also a bar code management system in place, in which citizens throw food waste directly into compost bins and pay for it by purchasing bar code stickers attached to the bin.(到目前为止，韩国有三种方法向市民收取丢弃食物的费用。一种是通过RFID（无线射频识别）卡——当用户在一个特别设计的食物垃圾桶上轻按这张卡时，盖子就会打开。这些废物会自动称重并记录在用户的帐户中。用户需要按月结算这笔账单。第二种计费方式是通过预付费垃圾袋。这些特别设计的袋子根据体积定价。例如，在首尔，一个10升的垃圾袋的价格约为1美元。还有一个条形码管理系统，市民直接将食物垃圾扔进堆肥箱，并通过购买贴在垃圾桶上的条形码贴纸来支付费用)”可知，关于这三种支付方式，第二段主要告诉我们其操作原理。故选D。 3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Even before the pay-by-weight system was introduced, South Koreans were still being charged for food waste—the cost was simply divided equally among the residents of each apartment block.(甚至在实行按重量计费制度之前，韩国人仍在为食物浪费收费——费用只是在每个公寓的居民中平均分配)”可知，在新制度提出之前，市民平均分担费用。故选B。 4.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The new system is not only fair, but is also designed to make consumers really(新系统不仅是公平的，而且是设计来真正使消费者……)”以及后文“The more food they throw out, the more they end up paying.(他们扔掉的食物越多，最终支付的费用就越多)”可知，新制度不仅公平，而且旨在让消费者真正承担不合理浪费的后果。因为他们扔掉的食物越多，最终支付的费用就越多。故画线词意思是“承担后果”。故选C。 三、应用文写作 【答案】Su Bingtian stands out as a 100-meter runner. Not only did he break the Asian Games’ record, but he competed with Usain Bolt many times. Why do I like him? On top of his talent for sprint, what impresses me most is his intense training. His diligence and persistence have pushed his running career to new heights. I learned a lot from him. In our studies and lives, as long as we hold on to our dreams and never give up, we will become better versions of ourselves. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于记叙文。要求考生以“My Favorite Sports Star”为题写一篇文章，介绍自己最喜欢的体育明星，参加征文比赛。 【详解】1.词汇积累 喜欢：love→like 职业：profession→career 放弃：abandon→give up 变得：get→become 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Su Bingtian stands out as a 100-meter runner. 拓展句：Su Bingtian who is my favorite sports star stands out as a 100-meter runner. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Not only did he break the Asian Games’ record, but he competed with Usain Bolt many times. (运用了部分倒装句型) 【高分句型2】On top of his talent for sprint, what impresses me most is his intense training. (运用了what引导的主语从句) 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1核心语法精练 （非限制性定语从句） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 3 一、单句改错（概念辨析） 4 二、用合适关系词填空 4 三、翻译与写作升级 6 三、综合提升 10 一、语法填空（模考真题） 10 二、阅读理解（模考真题） 12 三、应用文写作（模考真题）.........................................................................................................................13 非限制性定语从句 1、 单句改错（概念辨析） 下面每句话有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. The movie, that we watched last night, is very touching. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 改正： The movie, which we watched last night, is very touching. 原因： 非限制性定语从句中不能用 that，指物用 which。 2. My English teacher, which is from Canada, speaks Chinese very well. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 改正： My English teacher, who is from Canada, speaks Chinese very well. 原因： 指人用 who，不能用 which。 3. He didn't finish his homework, that made the teacher angry. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 改正： He didn't finish his homework, which made the teacher angry. 原因： 指代整个主句时，用 which 不用 that。 4. The old man has two sons, both of who are doctors. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 改正： The old man has two sons, both of whom are doctors. 原因： 介词 of 后用 whom，不用 who。 5. The summer vacation, which I visited Beijing, was wonderful. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 改正： The summer vacation, when I visited Beijing, was wonderful. 原因： 先行词是时间，且从句中缺少时间状语，用 when。 6. He lost the book which he bought it yesterday. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 改正： He lost the book which he bought yesterday.（去掉 it） 原因： which 已作 bought 的宾语，it 多余。 2、 用合适的关系词填空 用适当的关系词填空（who / whom / which / whose / as / when / where）。 1. The professor, ______ has published over 100 papers, will give us a lecture tomorrow. 2. The library, ______ we usually study, will be closed for renovation next week. 3. My best friend, ______ father is a famous chef, often brings delicious food to school. 4. The new policy, ______ was introduced last month, has already had a positive effect. 5. He stayed up late again, ______ made his mother very worried. 6. ______ is often the case, the harder you work, the better grades you will get. 7. The famous singer, ______ fans are mostly young people, will hold a concert in Shanghai. 8. I have three close friends, two of ______ are from the same hometown as me. 9. My birthday, ______ falls on a Sunday this year, will be celebrated at home. 10. The young man, ______ we met at the party, is the CEO of a start-up company. 参考答案： 1.who 2.where 3.whose 4.which 5.which 6.As 7.whose 8.whom 9.which 10.whom 3、 翻译与写作升级 A组——基础翻译（掌握核心句型） 1. 我的英语老师是一位年轻女士，她对我们很耐心。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： My English teacher is a young lady, who is very patient with us. 写作迁移： 介绍老师/朋友时可用 → XX is a ..., who is ... 2. 杭州是我去年去过的一座城市，它以西湖而闻名。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： Hangzhou is a city which I visited last year, which is famous for the West Lake. 写作迁移： 介绍家乡/旅游地时可用 → XX is a ..., which is famous for ... 3. 众所周知，阅读对学习英语非常重要。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： As we all know, reading is very important for learning English. 写作迁移： 作文开头引出观点时可用 → As we all know, ... 4. 他考试通过了，这让他的父母非常高兴。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy. 写作迁移： 叙述事件结果时可用 → ..., which made sb. + 情绪形容词 5. 我有一个表姐，她的梦想是成为一名建筑师。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： I have a cousin, whose dream is to become an architect. 写作迁移： 介绍他人梦想/特征时可用 → I have a ..., whose dream is to ... B组——写作升级（把简单句升级为高级表达） 下面每道题给出两句简单句，请你用非限制性定语从句合并为一个复杂句 6. 我们学校有一个大图书馆。图书馆里有各种各样的书。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 基础合并： Our school has a big library, where there are all kinds of books. 升级参考： Our school has a big library, where a wide variety of books are available for students to read. 7. 王老师教我们英语。她总是鼓励我们多说多练。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 基础合并： Ms. Wang teaches us English, who always encourages us to speak more and practice more. 升级参考： Ms. Wang, who teaches us English, always encourages us to speak more and practice more in class. 8. 我买了一个新手机。它的价格很合理。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 基础合并： I bought a new phone, whose price is very reasonable. 升级参考： I bought a new phone yesterday, whose price is quite reasonable and whose design is very fashionable. 9. 李明在这次数学竞赛中得了第一名。这让全班同学都很骄傲。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 基础合并： Li Ming won the first prize in the math competition, which made the whole class very proud. 升级参考： Li Ming won the first prize in the math competition, which made the whole class feel extremely proud of him. 10. 我住在一个小城市里。那里的人非常友善热情。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 基础合并： I live in a small city, where people are very friendly and warm-hearted. 升级参考： I live in a small city, where the local people are incredibly friendly and always ready to help others. 一、语法填空 A 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （25-26高二上·四川泸州·期末）The Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge, one of the most monumental achievements, ____1____ (put) into use in Guizhou Province on September 28, 2025. It now holds the title of the world’s tallest bridge, with its deck soaring 625 meters above the river below. Stretching 2, 890 meters across a deep canyon, the bridge’s main span measures 1, 420 meters, which also ranks it as the world’s ____2____ (long) single-span steel truss suspension bridge in a mountainous area. This bridge serves as ____3____ critical link in the Liuzhi-Anlong Expressway. It has dramatically reduced travel time across the canyon from two hours ____4____ just about two minutes, significantly improving regional connectivity. Building the bridge presented extraordinary challenges. Engineers successfully overcame these difficulties, unpredictable strong winds ____5____ (include), through multiple technological innovations. ____6____ (addition), the project team employed an intelligent cable crane system and used high-strength steel wires during construction. These innovations contributed to the project ____7____ (receive) 21 authorized patents. Beyond its transportation function, the bridge represents China’s first comprehensive “bridge tourism” complex. It integrates bridge viewing, extreme sports experiences, and tourism services, and is expected to attract millions of ____8____ (visit). This initiative aims to transform the bridge and its surrounding area into a major tourist destination, ____9____ will significantly boost the local economy. The completion of this mega-project is so successful ____10____ it marks significant milestone in global bridge engineering. 【答案】1. was put 2. longest 3. a 4. to 5. included 6. Additionally 7. receiving 8. visitors 9. which 10. that 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了2025年9月28日正式通车的贵州花江大峡谷大桥。 1.考查时态语态。句意：花江大峡谷大桥是人类最具里程碑意义的成就之一，于2025年9 月28日在贵州省正式通车。空处作句子的谓语，由时间状语on September 28, 2025可知，句子描述过去的动作，应用一般过去时，put与主语The Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词应用was。故填was put。 2.考查形容词最高级。句意：这座桥横跨深峡谷，全长2890米，主跨径为1420米，这也使其成为世界上跨径最长的山区单跨钢桁梁悬索桥。由the world’s和句意可知，此处表示“世界上最长的”，应用形容词最高级longest作定语，修饰名词bridge。故填longest。 3.考查冠词。句意：这座桥是六枝—安龙高速公路的关键连接枢纽。link为可数名词单数，且此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，critical是发音为辅音音素开头的单词，不定冠词应用a。故填a。 4.考查介词。句意：它将穿越峡谷的通行时间从两小时大幅缩短至仅约两分钟，显著提升了区域间的互联互通水平。reduce...from...to...是固定搭配，意为“把……从……减少到……”，所以此处应用介词to。故填to。 5.考查非谓语动词。句意：工程师们通过多项技术创新，成功克服了这些困难，其中包括难以预测的强风。此处为独立主格结构“名词 + 过去分词”，include的过去分词included 表示“被包含在内”，故填included。故填included。 6.考查副词。句意：此外，项目团队在施工过程中采用了智能缆载起重机系统，并使用了高强度钢丝。空处修饰整个句子，应用副词additionally作状语，意为“此外”，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Additionally。 7.考查非谓语动词。句意：这些创新成果助力该项目获得了21项授权专利。contribute to doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“有助于做某事”，所以此处应用动名词形式作宾语。故填receiving。 8.考查名词复数。句意：它集观桥、极限运动体验和旅游服务于一体，预计将吸引数百万游客。由millions of可知，此处应用名词visitor的复数形式visitors，表示“游客”，作动词attract的宾语。故填visitors。 9.考查定语从句。句意：这一举措旨在将大桥及其周边区域打造成大型旅游目的地，这将极大地推动当地经济发展。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 10.考查状语从句。句意：这一超级工程的建成极为成功，它标志着全球桥梁工程领域的一个重要里程碑。so...that...是固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，所以此处应用that引导结果状语从句。故填that。 B （25-26高二上·湖北随州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Rice is the most common food for a large part of the world’s human population. Its biological cycle ____1____ (range) from about 95 days to around 250 days. It’s important to harvest rice crops on time. If we harvest too early, the ____2____ (collect) grains will not be fully grown. When crops are harvested late, grains will fall onto the ground, leading to heavy losses. As ____3____ general rule, the harvest may begin only when grains have a golden color. Harvesting can take place manually (手动地) or mechanically. In manual harvesting, farmers collect rice plants ____4____ (use) sharp knives. Then, they carefully remove the grains. Mechanical harvesting can be done with machines that combine all the ____5____ (function), such as cutting and threshing (脱粒). After harvesting, rice seeds contain a lot of moisture (水分). ____6____ (normal), farmers dry the grains out before storage ____7____ (prevent) them from going bad. There are mainly two approaches to making grains dry—the traditional method and the mechanical one. Because of its low and almost zero cost, the traditional drying method ____8____ (prefer) in plenty of countries. Farmers spread the grains over places ____9____ it’s easy for them to receive sunlight. The mechanical drying method uses different types of dryers to remove water _____10_____ grains. 【答案】1. ranges 2. collected 3. a 4. using 5. functions 6. Normally 7. to prevent 8. is preferred 9. where 10. from 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大米是世界上大部分人口最常见的食物，以及水稻的收割和干燥方式。 1.考查时态。句意：其生物周期约为95天至250天左右。句子陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为cycle，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填ranges。 2.考查非谓语动词。句意：如果我们收割得太早，收获的谷物就会长不好。collect与逻辑主语grains之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式collected作定语，故填collected。 3.考查冠词。句意：一般来说，只有当谷物呈金黄色时，才能开始收获。短语as a general rule表示“一般来说”。故填a。 4.考查非谓语动词。句意：在手工收割中，农民用锋利的刀收割水稻。此处use与逻辑主语farmers构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填using。 5.考查名词的数。句意：机械收获可以用集所有功能于一体的机器来完成，比如切割和脱粒。根据后文such as cutting and threshing可知，此处表示不止一个功能，名词应用复数形式。故填functions。 6.考查副词。句意：通常情况下，农民在储藏前会把谷物晒干，以防止它们变质。修饰后文句子应用副词normally，作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Normally。 7.考查非谓语动词。句意：通常情况下，农民在储藏前会把谷物晒干，以防止它们变质。空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式形式。故填to prevent。 8.考查时态语态。句意：由于其低成本和几乎为零的成本，传统的干燥方法在许多国家是首选。主语method与谓语prefer构成被动关系，且句子陈述事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是the traditional drying method，be动词使用is。故填is preferred。 9.考查定语从句。句意：农民们把谷物撒在容易接受阳光的地方。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词places，关系词在从句作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。 10.考查介词。句意：机械干燥法使用不同类型的干燥器去除谷物中的水分。短语remove…from…表示“去除”。故填from。 C （25-26高二上·安徽江淮名校·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The study in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships showed that friends who were viewed to be less ready for a ____1____ (commit) relationship were also seen to be more insecure in their relationships. People with insecure attachment styles tend to have higher ____2____ (level) of anxiety or engage in avoidance behaviors. Researchers conducted a survey of young adults, in ____3____ nearly 800 people participated. They ____4____ (report) on their own readiness for relationships, their friends’ readiness, and their friends’ attachment styles. This research design is one of only a few that focus on young adult friends. “Friendships impact not only our daily joy ____5____ our romantic futures,” says researcher William Chopik. “They can ____6____ (active) support or quietly damage dating chances.” The “sunshine” of friendship lies in mutual trust. This trust ____7____ (be) essential for healthy bonds. “Judgments of readiness likely explain all sorts of reasons why friends help and hurt our chances of finding love.” The ____8____ (present) of open communication prevents problems. Researchers encourage building honest discussions. “Friends play a key role in forming and ____9____ (maintain) romantic relationships, from introductions ____10____ advice. However, there is rarely a chance to know how they see us,” says Hyewon Yang, a psychology doctoral candidate. 【答案】1. committed 2. levels 3. which 4. reported 5. but 6. actively 7. is 8. presence 9. maintaining 10. to 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了最近一项研究提示了朋友对个体恋爱关系的准备度判断，情感安全感及择偶机会的重要影响，强调了友谊在塑造和维持健康亲密关系中的关键作用。 1.考查形容词。句意：《社会与人际关系杂志》上的一项研究表明，那些被认为对稳定恋爱关系准备不足的朋友，在其人际关系中也被认为更缺乏安全感。空处应填形容词committed作定语，修饰名词relationship，表示“忠诚的”。故填committed。 2.考查名词复数。句意：具有不安全依恋类型的人往往焦虑程度更高，或会出现回避行为。空处应填名词作宾语，level是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填levels。 3.考查定语从句。句意：研究人员对年轻人开展了一项调查，近800人参与其中。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词survey，指物，关系词在从句中作介词in的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 4.考查动词时态。句意：参与者需说明自己对恋爱关系的准备程度、朋友的准备程度以及朋友的依恋类型。空处作谓语，根据上文的conducted可知，句子陈述的动作发生在过去，为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填reported。 5.考查固定短语。句意：“友谊不仅会影响我们的日常幸福感，还会影响我们的恋爱前景，”研究人员威廉・乔皮克表示。not only...but (also)...为固定搭配，表示“不仅……而且……”，所以空处应用but。故填but。 6.考查副词。句意：它们既可能积极支持我们的恋爱机会，也可能悄无声息地破坏它。空处修饰动词support，应用副词actively，表示“积极地”。故填actively。 7.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这种信任对健康的人际关系至关重要。空处作谓语，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语trust表示“信任”，为不可数名词，be动词应用is。故填is。 8.考查名词。句意：开放沟通的存在能够预防问题的产生。空处应填名词presence作主语，表示“存在”。故填presence。 9.考查非谓语动词。句意：“从介绍对象到提供建议，朋友在恋爱关系的建立和维持中都扮演着关键角色。然而，我们却很少有机会了解他们眼中的我们，”心理学博士候选人Hyewon Yang说道。空处和forming并列，作介词in的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填maintaining。 10.考查介词。句意：“从介绍对象到提供建议，朋友在恋爱关系的建立和维持中都扮演着关键角色。然而，我们却很少有机会了解他们眼中的我们，”心理学博士候选人Hyewon Yang说道。from...to...为固定短语，表示“从……到……”，所以空处应用介词to。故填to。 二、阅读理解 （25-26高一上·湖南衡阳·期末）In an effort to control the nation’s growing problem with food wastage, South Korea has started a unique initiative — “Pay as You Trash”. Residents are required to separate their food waste from the rest of their rubbish and throw it separately in a centralized dustbin. And in order to access the bin, they actually need to pay by the kilo! As of now, South Korea has three methods in place to charge citizens for the food thrown away. One is through an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) card — when users tap this card over a specially designed food waste bin, the cap will open. This waste is automatically weighed and recorded in the user’s account. The user needs to settle this bill on a monthly basis. The second billing method is through pre-paid garbage bags. These specially designed bags are priced based on volume. For instance, in Seoul, a 10-liter garbage bag costs around $1. There’s also a bar code management system in place, in which citizens throw food waste directly into compost bins and pay for it by purchasing bar code stickers attached to the bin. Nearly every residential complex in the nation is equipped with one of these three payment systems. Even before the pay-by-weight system was introduced, South Koreans were still being charged for food waste—the cost was simply divided equally among the residents of each apartment block. The new system is not only fair, but is also designed to make consumers really feel the pinch of unreasonable waste. The more food they throw out, the more they end up paying. Citizens like Seoul housewife Ms. Kwan are now adopting innovative methods to avoid food waste. She makes sure to remove all the liquid out of leftover food before throwing it away. While preparing vegetables, she tries to make use of as much as the eatable parts as possible to minimize waste. 1. What is the centralized dustbin designed to do? A. Keep food rubbish. B. Break down food rubbish. C. Process household rubbish. D. Classify household rubbish. 2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the three payment methods? A. Their development procedure. B. Their construction cost. C. Their innovative appearance. D. Their operating principle. 3. How were the citizens charged before the new system was put forward? A. They paid a fixed fee. B. They shared the cost equally. C. They paid by weight. D. They enjoyed free access. 4. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase “feel the pinch” Paragraph 3? A. Predict the prospect. B. Analyse the component. C. Suffer the consequences. D. Propose the solution. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。为了控制韩国日益严重的食物浪费问题，韩国推出了一项独特的举措——“为垃圾买单”。居民们被要求将食物垃圾与其他垃圾分开，分别扔进一个集中的垃圾箱。为了进入垃圾桶，他们实际上需要按公斤付钱！ 1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Residents are required to separate their food waste from the rest of their rubbish and throw it separately in a centralized dustbin.(居民们被要求将食物垃圾与其他垃圾分开，分别扔进一个集中的垃圾箱)”可知，集中垃圾箱的设计目的是保存食品垃圾。故选A。 2.主旨大意题。根据第二段“As of now, South Korea has three methods in place to charge citizens for the food thrown away. One is through an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) card — when users tap this card over a specially designed food waste bin, the cap will open. This waste is automatically weighed and recorded in the user’s account. The user needs to settle this bill on a monthly basis. The second billing method is through pre-paid garbage bags. These specially designed bags are priced based on volume. For instance, in Seoul, a 10-liter garbage bag costs around $1. There’s also a bar code management system in place, in which citizens throw food waste directly into compost bins and pay for it by purchasing bar code stickers attached to the bin.(到目前为止，韩国有三种方法向市民收取丢弃食物的费用。一种是通过RFID（无线射频识别）卡——当用户在一个特别设计的食物垃圾桶上轻按这张卡时，盖子就会打开。这些废物会自动称重并记录在用户的帐户中。用户需要按月结算这笔账单。第二种计费方式是通过预付费垃圾袋。这些特别设计的袋子根据体积定价。例如，在首尔，一个10升的垃圾袋的价格约为1美元。还有一个条形码管理系统，市民直接将食物垃圾扔进堆肥箱，并通过购买贴在垃圾桶上的条形码贴纸来支付费用)”可知，关于这三种支付方式，第二段主要告诉我们其操作原理。故选D。 3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Even before the pay-by-weight system was introduced, South Koreans were still being charged for food waste—the cost was simply divided equally among the residents of each apartment block.(甚至在实行按重量计费制度之前，韩国人仍在为食物浪费收费——费用只是在每个公寓的居民中平均分配)”可知，在新制度提出之前，市民平均分担费用。故选B。 4.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The new system is not only fair, but is also designed to make consumers really(新系统不仅是公平的，而且是设计来真正使消费者……)”以及后文“The more food they throw out, the more they end up paying.(他们扔掉的食物越多，最终支付的费用就越多)”可知，新制度不仅公平，而且旨在让消费者真正承担不合理浪费的后果。因为他们扔掉的食物越多，最终支付的费用就越多。故画线词意思是“承担后果”。故选C。 三、应用文写作 （25-26高二上·湖南长沙·期末）你校英文报正举办主题为“My Favorite Sports Star”的征文活动。请根据以下内容投稿： 1.介绍体育明星； 2.喜欢的理由； 3.给你的启迪。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Su Bingtian stands out as a 100-meter runner. Not only did he break the Asian Games’ record, but he competed with Usain Bolt many times. Why do I like him? On top of his talent for sprint, what impresses me most is his intense training. His diligence and persistence have pushed his running career to new heights. I learned a lot from him. In our studies and lives, as long as we hold on to our dreams and never give up, we will become better versions of ourselves. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于记叙文。要求考生以“My Favorite Sports Star”为题写一篇文章，介绍自己最喜欢的体育明星，参加征文比赛。 【详解】1.词汇积累 喜欢：love→like 职业：profession→career 放弃：abandon→give up 变得：get→become 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Su Bingtian stands out as a 100-meter runner. 拓展句：Su Bingtian who is my favorite sports star stands out as a 100-meter runner. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Not only did he break the Asian Games’ record, but he competed with Usain Bolt many times. (运用了部分倒装句型) 【高分句型2】On top of his talent for sprint, what impresses me most is his intense training. (运用了what引导的主语从句) 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $