高考英语高频易混词汇辨析 课件-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦高频易混词汇辨析核心考点，依据高考评价体系梳理了形近异义词（如access/assess）和形近义近词（如nutritional/nutritious）两大考查类型，通过归纳35组高频词的词性、释义及搭配，明确其在完形填空、语法填空中的45%考点权重，构建系统的词汇辨析网络。 课件亮点在于“分类对比+语境例句+真题应用”的备考策略，如以“adapt/adopt”为例，通过对比“适应/改编”与“采用/收养”的语义差异及例句（The writer tried to adapt... adopt...），培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。包含高考真题中常见的词义辨析题型解析，指导学生运用“语境匹配法”快速锁定答案，助力学生高效突破词汇难关，教师可据此开展针对性复习教学。

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crush（v.压坏；碾碎） e.g.The plane didn't crash, but heavy goods crushed its wing. 8. contact（v./n.接触；联系）/ contract（n.合同；v.收缩） e.g.We need to contact the company to sign the contract . 9. dairy（n.牛奶厂；adj.乳制品的）/ diary（n.日记） e.g. She works in a dairy and writes stories in her diary every night. 10. dessert（n.甜食）/ desert（n.沙漠；v.抛弃） e.g. They chose fruit as dessert and decided not to desert the journey across the desert. 11. delicate（adj.精美的；脆弱的）/ dedicate（v.致力于；奉献） e.g.The delicate vase was made by an artist who dedicated his life to art. 12. decent（adj.得体的；体面的）/ descent（n.血统；下降） e.g. He has a decent job and is proud of his descent from a family of scholars. 13. extensive（adj.广泛的）/ intensive（adj.集中的；深入的） e.g.The team did extensive surveys , and then launched an intensive analysis . 14. adapt（vt. 适应；改编）/ adopt（vt. 采用；收养） The writer tried to adapt her novel for the screen and decided to adopt the director’s suggestions on plot adjustment. 15. except（prep.除……之外）/ expect（v.期望） e.g. Everyone except Tom is here, and we expect him to arrive in ten minutes. 16. floor（n.地板；楼层）/ flour（n.面粉） e.g. She dropped the flour on the floor while making bread for breakfast. 17. fiction（n.小说）/ friction（n.摩擦；争执） e.g.The fiction tells a story about the friction between the two countries. 18. garage（n.车库；汽车修理厂）/ garbage（n.垃圾） e.g. He parked his car in the garage and took the garbage out to the car. 19. immoral（adj.不道德的）/ immortal（adj.不朽的；永生的） e.g. His immoral behavior was criticized, but his contributions to science are immortal. 20. idle（adj.空闲的；懒散的）/ idol（n.偶像） e.g. He was idle during the vacation and spent most of his time following his favorite idol. 21. incident（n.事件；事变）/ accident（n.意外事故） e.g.The traffic incident was not an accident, but a deliberate violation of traffic rules. 22. altitude（n.高度）/ attitude（n.态度） e.g.The plane flew at a high altitude, and the pilot kept a calm attitude during the turbulence. 23. metal（n.金属）/ medal（n.奖牌） e.g.The medal is made of rare metal. 24. convenient（adj. 方便的）/ conventional（adj. 传统的） e.g.Online payment is convenient for young people, while conventional payment methods are still popular among the elderly. 25. conversation（n.交谈）/ conservation（n.保护） e.g.We had a conversation about the conservation of endangered animals. 26. mass（n.大量；群众）/ mess（n.混乱；v.弄脏） e.g. A mass of people gathered there, and no one wanted to leave it in a mess. 27. principal（adj.主要的；n.校长）/ principle（n.原则） e.g.The principal stressed that adhering to moral principles is the principal requirement for students. 28. pray（v.祈祷）/ prey（n.猎物；v.捕食） e.g.The villagers pray for a good harvest, while the eagles hunt prey for survival. 29. phrase（n.短语）/ phase（n.阶段） e.g. You need to master this key phrase in the current learning phase . 30. personnel（n.全体人员）/ personal（adj.个人的） e.g. The company’s personnel department will protect employees' personal information. 31. abroad（adv. 在国外）/ aboard（adv./prep. 在交通工具上） e.g. After studying abroad for five years, he stepped aboard the train that would take him to his hometown. 32. affect（v. 影响；打动）/ effect（n. 效果；影响） e.g. The weather affected the plants, and the effect was great. 33. rise（vi. 上升；上涨）/ raise（vt. 举起；筹集；养育） e.g. The river level rises and the local government has to raise funds to reinforce the banks. 34. award（n./vt. 奖项；授予）/ reward（n./vt. 奖励；回报） e.g. He was awarded the first prize in the competition, and the company also rewarded him with a free trip abroad. 35. assure（vt. 向…保证）/ ensure（vt. 确保）/ insure（vt. 给…投保） e.g. I assure you that we will ensure the quality of the products, and you can insure them if you are worried about transportation risks. 形近义近词 10 1.nutritional vs. nutritious 01. nutritional 侧重描述事物本身固有的、与营养学领域相关的客观属性，是对营养相关事实的陈述。 关键词与搭配：与营养有关的,强调属性 nutritional value (营养价值), nutritional science (营养科学) 例句：You can find the nutritional information for this cereal on the side of the box. 02. nutritious 侧重评价食物对身体的积极作用，强调其滋补、有益健康的特性，是对食物价值的主观判断。 关键词与搭配：有营养的，强调效果 a nutritious meal (营养丰富的一餐) nutritious food (有营养的食物) 例句：Fresh fruits and vegetables are very nutritious and essential for a balanced diet. 11 2. classic vs. classical 01. Classic 经典的,侧重描述具有持久价值、广泛认可度和典范性的事物，涵盖文学、电影、设计等多个领域。 常见搭配： a classic novel 经典小说 a classic movie 经典电影 例句： Pride and Prejudice is a classic of English literature. 02. Classical 古典的,主要用于描述特定历史时期的艺术、音乐、建筑，或严肃的学术流派，强调历史性和专业性。 常见搭配： classical music 古典音乐 classical architecture古典建筑 例句： She enjoys listening to classical music by composers like Mozart and Beethoven. 3. historic vs. historical 01. historic 具有重大历史意义的 强调事件、地点或人物在历史上留下了深刻印记，是里程碑式的。 常见搭配： a historic event (历史性事件) a historic building (历史建筑) 例句： The moon landing was a historic achievement for humanity. 02. historical 与历史相关的 描述任何与历史有关的事物，侧重事实存在，不强调事件的重要性。 常见搭配： historical data/facts (历史数据） a historical novel (历史小说) 例句：The book provides a detailed historical account of the Civil War. 13 4. electric vs. electrical 01. electric 电动的、带电的，侧重描述能产生、使用或依靠电能工作的具体物体或现象。 关键词：电动的、带电的 常见搭配： an electric car 电动车 an electric fan 电扇 例句：The car is powered by an electric motor. 02. electrical 与电气有关的，侧重描述与电气系统、工程、行业相关的抽象概念或属性。 关键词：电气的、与电气行业相关的 常见搭配： an electrical engineer 电气工程师 electrical system 电气系统 例句：He works as an electrical engineer for a power company. 14 5. economic vs. economical 01.economic 侧重宏观领域，如经济增长、经济政策、经济危机，描述的是经济学相关的概念。 常见搭配： economic policy 经济政策 economic crisis 经济危机 The government is trying to implement new economic policies to boost growth. 02.economical 侧重具体行为，强调不浪费、划算、实惠。 常见搭配： economical car 省油的汽车 economical meal 经济实惠餐 This new model is more economical in fuel consumption. $