新课1 必修第一册 Unit 1 School Life（词汇+课文）（沪外版）（教材预习讲义，上海专用）英语初升高衔接

沪外版必修一Unit 1 School Life（单词+课文） 目录 重点速记：单元词汇、词块词组梳理 课文聚焦：课文预习、重难句式讲解 学以致用：巩固提升，点面夯实突破 重点速记 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 assignment n. (分派的) 任务 complete an assignment；hand in an assignment related adj. 相关的；有联系的 be related to...（例：The study is related to environmental issues.） creative adj. 创造 (性) 的；创作的 creative thinking；creative work stare v. 盯着看；凝视 stare at sb./sth.（例：Don’t stare at others—it’s rude.） blank adj. 空白的 a blank page；blank expression sheet n. 一张 a sheet of paper；bed sheets essay n. 文章，短文 - actually adv. 事实上，的确 - fiction n. 小说 science fiction（科幻小说 / 影片） distant adj. 遥远的；久远的 - alien n. 外星人；外星生物 - ignore v. 忽视；对…… 不予理会 - beg v. 恳求；哀求 - sort n. 种类；类别 - rather adv. 相当，在某种程度上 rather than（而不是） harsh adj. 残酷的；严厉的 - (be) related to 动词短语 相关的；有联系的 - make sure 动词短语 确保；设法保证 make sure to do sth.（例：Make sure to lock the door.） science fiction 名词短语 科幻小说 (或影片等) - hand in 动词短语 提交，上交 (尤指书面材料或失物) hand in homework（交作业） turn out 动词短语 结果是；证明是；原来是 turn out to be...（例：The plan turned out to be successful.） teenager n. (13 至 19 岁之间的) 青少年 - pressure n./v. 心理压力；紧张 / 逼迫 under pressure（承受压力）；pressure sb. to do sth.（逼迫某人做某事） expectation n. 希望；盼望 meet sb.’s expectations（达到某人期望） comfort n./v. 安慰；慰藉 / 安慰 take comfort in...（从…… 中获得安慰） throughout prep. 自始至终 throughout the day（一整天） adult adj./n. 成年人的 / 成年人 - reflect v. 认真思考；深思 reflect on...（反思……） nasty adj. 不友好的；令人不愉快的 - comment n. 议论；评论 make a comment（发表评论） glance n. 匆匆一看；一瞥 take a glance at...（瞥一眼……） behaviour n. 行为；举止 good/bad behaviour（良好 / 不良行为） shortage n. 不足；缺少 a shortage of...（…… 的短缺） genuine adj. 真诚的；真心的；可依赖的 - tempt v. 引诱；诱惑 tempt sb. to do sth.（引诱某人做某事） forward adv. 向前 move forward（前进） chapter n. (人生或历史的) 时期，篇章 - limitation n. 限制；不足之处 have limitations（有局限性） under pressure 介词短语 承受着 (急于完成某事的) 压力 - hold back 动词短语 妨碍进展 hold back development（阻碍发展） tip n. 指点；实用的提示 give a tip（给出建议） regular adj. 有规律的；定时的 regular exercise（规律锻炼） concentrate v. 集中 (注意力)；聚精会神 concentrate on...（专注于……） concern n. (对人、组织等) 重要的事情；关心 show concern for...（对…… 表示关心） facility n. 设施；设备 public facilities（公共设施） puzzled adj. 困惑的，迷惑不解的 look puzzled（看起来困惑） locker n. (体育馆等的) 有锁存物柜，寄物柜 - dustbin n. (常置于房外的) 垃圾桶，垃圾箱 - gymnastics n. 体操；体操训练 do gymnastics（练体操） take part in 动词短语 参与某事 take part in an activity（参加活动） concentrate on 动词短语 集中 (注意力)；聚精会神 concentrate on study（专注学习 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1.assignment n. 任务 → assign v. 分配；assigned adj. 指定的 2.creative adj. 创造性的 → creatively adv. 创造性地；creativity n. 创造力 3.stare v. 凝视 → staring adj. 凝视的；stare n. 凝视（同形异义） 4.pressure n. 压力 → pressured adj. 有压力的；pressurize v. 施压 5.expectation n. 期望 → expect v. 期待；expected adj. 预期的 6.comfort n./v. 安慰 → comfortable adj. 舒适的；comfortably adv. 舒适地 7.reflect v. 反思 → reflection n. 思考；reflective adj. 沉思的 8.comment n./v. 评论 → commentary n. 评注；commentate v. 解说 9.concentrate v. 集中 → concentration n. 专注；concentrated adj. 集中的 10.concern n./v. 关心 → concerned adj. 担忧的；concerning prep. 关于 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1 a writing assignment 一份写作作业 2 in some way related to summer vacation 在某种程度上与暑假有关 3 stare at a blank sheet of paper 盯着一张白纸 4 as usual 像往常一样 5 science fiction 科幻小说 6 a distant planet 一颗遥远的星球 7 hand in the story 上交故事 8 lie awake until 3 a.m. 一直醒着躺到凌晨 3 点 9 ignore the assignment 忽视作业 10 beg sb. for a chance 恳求某人给次机会 11 It turned out that…… 结果是…… 12 grade the essay 给文章打分 13 pass back your writing 发还你们的写作 14 put yourself under pressure 给自己压力 15 make sure that …… 确保…… 16 no such thing as perfect 没有所谓的完美 17 bear repeating 值得再说一遍 18 face new expectations 面对新的期望 19 find comfort in it 从中找到安慰 20 a shortage of people 人员短缺 21 put others down 让别人出洋相 22 throughout your adult life 在你的成年生活中 23 reflect on sth. 反思某事 24 make a comment on sb. 评论某人 25 a withering glance 使人难堪的目光扫视 26 be nasty to others 对别人不友好 27 a new chapter in your life 你人生的新篇章 28 hold sb. back 妨碍某人进展 29 put limitations on oneself 限制自己 30 tempt sb. to do sth 引诱某人做某事 核心词汇精讲 1. assignment n. (分派的) 任务；作业 The assessment for the course involves written assignments and practical tests. 这门课程的评估包括各种书面作业和实践测试。 【拓展】assign /əˈsaɪn/vt. 分配；布置；指派 【搭配】assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事；assign homework 布置作业 2. creative adj. 创造性的；创作的 Teachers encourage students to be creative in writing essays. 老师鼓励学生在写作中发挥创造力。 【拓展】create vt. 创造；creation n. 创造；作品；creativity n. 创造力 【搭配】creative thinking 创造性思维；creative ability 创新能力 3. ignore vt. 忽视；不予理会 It’s wrong to ignore others’ advice when you are in trouble. 遇到困境时无视他人的建议是不对的。 【拓展】ignorant adj. 无知的；ignorance n. 无知 【搭配】ignore the fact 忽视事实；ignore warnings 无视警告 4. distant adj. 遥远的；久远的；疏远的 We dreamed of travelling to distant alien planets in science fiction. 我们幻想在科幻小说里去往遥远的外星。 【拓展】distance n. 距离；间距 【搭配】distant relative 远亲；in the distant past 在久远的过去 5. pressure n. & v. 压力；逼迫 Many teenagers live under great study pressure. 很多青少年承受巨大的学习压力。 【拓展】press v. 按压；逼迫 【搭配】under pressure 承受压力；put pressure on sb. 给某人施压 6. reflect v. 深思；反映，体现 Your daily behaviour can truly reflect your personality. 你的日常行为真实反映你的性格。 【拓展】reflection n. 反思；倒影 【 搭配】reflect on/upon sth. 认真思考某事；reflect reality 反映现实 7. expectation n. 期待；期望 Parents always have high expectations for their children. 父母总是对孩子抱有很高的期望。 【拓展】expect vt. 期待；预料；expectant adj. 期待的 【搭配】meet one’s expectations 达到某人的期望；beyond expectation 出乎意料 8. genuine adj. 真诚的；真实可靠的 Only genuine comfort can cheer up a person under pressure. 只有真心的安慰才能抚慰压力下的人。 【拓展】genuinely adv. 真诚地；真正地 【搭配】genuine feelings 真情实感；genuine friend 挚友 9. tempt vt. 引诱；诱惑 The delicious snacks tempted the boy to break his diet plan. 美味零食引诱男孩打破节食计划。 【拓展】temptation n. 诱惑；引诱物 【搭配】tempt sb. to do sth. 引诱某人做某事；resist temptation 抵制诱惑 10. limitation n. 局限；限制因素 We should accept our own limitations and keep improving. 我们应当接纳自身不足并持续提升。 【拓展】limit n. & vt. 限制；limited adj. 有限的 【搭配】the limitations of technology 技术局限；within limits 在范围内 11. comfort n. & v. 安慰；慰藉 I tried my best to comfort her when she failed the exam. 她考试失利时我尽力安慰她。 【拓展】comfortable adj. 舒适的 【搭配】take comfort from sth. 从某事中得到慰藉；comfort sb. for sth. 因某事安慰某人 12. related adj. 相关的；有联系的 All the essays are related to science fiction themes. 所有短文都和科幻主题相关。 【拓展】relate v. 联系；讲述；relation n. 关系 【固定短语】(be) related to 与…… 有关 13. glance n. & v. 匆匆一瞥；扫视 He took a quick glance at the blank sheet of paper and sighed. 他快速扫了一眼空白纸张，叹了口气。 【辨析】glance 快速扫视；stare 长时间盯着看；glimpse 不经意瞥见 【搭配】glance at sth. 瞥一眼某物；take a glance 看一眼 14. shortage n. 不足；短缺 The city is facing a shortage of volunteer teenagers. 这座城市面临青少年志愿者短缺的问题。 【拓展】short adj. 短缺的；短的 【搭配】a shortage of … …… 的短缺；labour shortage 劳动力短缺 15. behaviour n. 行为；举止 Nasty comments will badly influence teenagers’ behaviour. 刻薄评论会严重影响青少年的言行举止。 【拓展】behave v. 表现；举止得体 【搭配】good/bad behaviour 良好 / 恶劣行为；social behaviour 社会行为 课文聚焦 一、原文呈现： A WRITING ASSIGNMENT（一个写作作业） · Mrs. Peabody, the English teacher, gave the class a writing assignment. “Write something in something in some way related to summer vacation,” she said. “Be as creative as you can. But,” the teacher added, “make sure you use proper spelling and grammar.” Comment by F M: 该处是过去分词做后置定语；修饰something. be related to… 是与…有关的意思。 · The night Jim sat at his desk at home and started at a blank sheet of paper. He didn’t want to write about his summer vacation as usual. What could he write about, except a dog, a water park, and two weeks of camp? Boring ... He’d actually been happy to get back to school. Comment by F M: 该处是典型的时间名词做时间状语。时间名词作状语时，前面的介词通常可以省略： This morning I met Mr. Lee at the school gate. We will have a class meeting today. Comment by F M: except 表示除去，是用减法： There is no one else except we two in this room. 这间屋子除了我们两个没有其他人。 besides表示除了…之外还有…的意思，是用加法。 There are two students in this classroom besides Mr. White. 教室里除了怀特先生之外还有另外2个学生。 （注意和介词beside区分：beside是介词，表示在…旁边： There is a girl beside Uncle Tom.汤姆叔叔旁边有一个女孩） except for 表示从整体中除去部分： This is a wonderful writing work except for some spelling mistakes. 这是一篇好作文，除了有几处拼写错误。 · So he wrote what he wanted. Not an essay at all but a short story, science fiction. It was about a distant planet that didn’t have summer—it was spring all the time. And it didn’t have vacation ，either. The aliens on the planet worked 24 hours a day. They wished they had vacations. Comment by F M: not…but…不是…而是… 注意和not only…but (also)…区分。 Comment by F M: 该处是一个定语从句；简单的定语从句初中也有接触，但是对一些语法名词比如先行词、关系代词、关系副词等可以先简单的讲解一下。 · The next morning he handed in the story, but later that night he lay awake until 3 a.m., thinking, “Why did I do that? Will Mrs. Peabody think I ignored the assignment?” English was his favorite class. Maybe he would beg Mrs. Peabody for a chance to write another one, the sort she wanted. Comment by F M: thinking是现在分词做伴随状语，表示和主句的谓语动词同时发生的动作。 Comment by F M: beg sb. to do sth. 祈求某人去做某事。 · But when he got to class the following day, it turned out that Mrs. Peabody had already read and graded the essays. Comment by F M: 本句是由It做形式主语的一个主语从句；真正的主语是后面的that从句。it做形式主语的主语从句有四种形式： 1、it+be+adj+that从句； 2、it+be+v-ed+that从句； 3、it+be+n.+that从句； 4、it+v.+that从句； The teacher said, “I’m going to pass back your summer vacation writing in a minute. I’m afraid I’ve got some rather harsh words to say. Almost everyone in class simply wrote an essay about his or her summer vacation ... Almost everyone.” Comment by F M: harsh words 刺耳的话 · “This is bad,” Jim thought, “I’m getting an F,I know it.” “But,” the teacher continued, “one of you had the courage to be as imaginative as I asked you to be. Jim Martin was the only one who got an A on the assignment.” Comment by F M: 有想象力的；Imagine的动词形式。 Jim couldn’t believe his ears. 二、课文研习： 重难句式及解析 1. “The next morning he handed in the story, but later that night he lay awake until 3 a.m., thinking, ‘Why did I do that? Will Mrs. Peabody think I ignored the assignment?’” 句式结构：复合句（由转折连词 “but” 连接两个并列分句）+ 现在分词短语作伴随状语（“thinking...”）+ 直接引语（两个疑问句）。 解析： 前半句 “he handed in the story” 为简单句，描述动作；后半句 “he lay awake until 3 a.m.” 也是简单句，“until 3 a.m.” 作时间状语。 “thinking...” 是现在分词短语，补充说明 “lay awake” 时的心理活动，直接引语则体现了吉姆的内心疑问，增强了句子的层次感和心理描写的细腻度。 2. “Maybe he would beg Mrs. Peabody for a chance to write another one, the sort she wanted.” 句式结构：复合句（含宾语从句的省略形式）+ 同位语（“the sort she wanted”）。 解析： 主句 “Maybe he would beg Mrs. Peabody for a chance” 为简单句，“to write another one” 是不定式作后置定语，修饰 “chance”。 “the sort she wanted” 是 “another one” 的同位语，其中 “she wanted” 是省略了关系代词 “that/which” 的定语从句，补充说明 “another one” 的类型，使句子在表达意图时更具体。 3. “But when he got to class the following day, it turned out that Mrs. Peabody had already read and graded the essays.” 句式结构：复合句（含时间状语从句 + 主语从句）。 解析： 前半句 “when he got to class the following day” 是时间状语从句，交代主句动作发生的时间。 后半句 “it turned out that...” 中，“it” 为形式主语，真正的主语是 “that Mrs. Peabody had already read and graded the essays” 这个主语从句。“had already read and graded” 使用过去完成时，强调老师批改作业的动作发生在吉姆到教室之前，体现了时间逻辑的复杂性。 学以致用 一、单词拼写 1. Teachers usually give each student an a__________（作业；任务）to finish before Friday. 2. You need to be c__________（有创造力的）when writing science fiction stories. 3. All the questions in the test are r__________（相关的）to our daily life. 4. Don’t i__________（忽视）the advice given by experienced adults. 5. People once imagined travelling to d__________（遥远的）planets with aliens. 6. Many teenagers suffer from heavy study p__________（压力）from their families. 7. Parents often have high e__________（期望）for their children’s future. 8. I tried to c__________（安慰）my deskmate when she felt upset. 9. Reading quietly helps us r__________（反思）on our own feelings and mistakes. 10. Her g__________（真诚的）smile made everyone feel warm and relaxed. 11. Delicious snacks often t__________（引诱）students to stop studying. 12. We should realize the l__________（局限）of our own ability and keep learning. 13. He took a quick g__________（一瞥）at the blank sheet and sighed deeply. 14. The school is facing a s__________（短缺）of volunteers for after-school activities. 15. Nasty online words will greatly influence teenagers’ b__________（行为；举止） 二、完成句子 comment assign genuine harsh reflect concentrate tempt sort concern behaviour nasty 1. I finished my ____________ just under the deadline. 我恰好在最后期限之前完成了我的指派任务. 2. The minister refused to ____________ publicly on these claims. 部长拒绝公开评论这些要求. 3. We were angry at their bad____________ 我们被他们的恶劣行为激怒了. 4. We thought it was a ____________ antique(古董), but it turned out to be a fake. 我们以为这是真古董, 结果只是一件赝品. 5. His voice was____________ and unmusical. 他的声音刺耳难听。 6. I often ____________ on my schooldays. 我经常回忆起我上学的日子 7. You should ____________ on your work. 你应该专心于你的工作. 8. He is a person with a ____________ mind. 他是个思想肮脏的人. 9. It's very kind of you to show so much____________ for us. 谢谢您对我们这么关心. 10. We need to____________ the garbage out before the truck comes. 我们需要在垃圾车来前就做好垃圾分类. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 沪外版必修一Unit 1 School Life（单词+课文） 目录 重点速记：单元词汇、词块词组梳理 课文聚焦：课文预习、重难句式讲解 学以致用：巩固提升，点面夯实突破 重点速记 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 assignment n. (分派的) 任务 complete an assignment；hand in an assignment related adj. 相关的；有联系的 be related to...（例：The study is related to environmental issues.） creative adj. 创造 (性) 的；创作的 creative thinking；creative work stare v. 盯着看；凝视 stare at sb./sth.（例：Don’t stare at others—it’s rude.） blank adj. 空白的 a blank page；blank expression sheet n. 一张 a sheet of paper；bed sheets essay n. 文章，短文 - actually adv. 事实上，的确 - fiction n. 小说 science fiction（科幻小说 / 影片） distant adj. 遥远的；久远的 - alien n. 外星人；外星生物 - ignore v. 忽视；对…… 不予理会 - beg v. 恳求；哀求 - sort n. 种类；类别 - rather adv. 相当，在某种程度上 rather than（而不是） harsh adj. 残酷的；严厉的 - (be) related to 动词短语 相关的；有联系的 - make sure 动词短语 确保；设法保证 make sure to do sth.（例：Make sure to lock the door.） science fiction 名词短语 科幻小说 (或影片等) - hand in 动词短语 提交，上交 (尤指书面材料或失物) hand in homework（交作业） turn out 动词短语 结果是；证明是；原来是 turn out to be...（例：The plan turned out to be successful.） teenager n. (13 至 19 岁之间的) 青少年 - pressure n./v. 心理压力；紧张 / 逼迫 under pressure（承受压力）；pressure sb. to do sth.（逼迫某人做某事） expectation n. 希望；盼望 meet sb.’s expectations（达到某人期望） comfort n./v. 安慰；慰藉 / 安慰 take comfort in...（从…… 中获得安慰） throughout prep. 自始至终 throughout the day（一整天） adult adj./n. 成年人的 / 成年人 - reflect v. 认真思考；深思 reflect on...（反思……） nasty adj. 不友好的；令人不愉快的 - comment n. 议论；评论 make a comment（发表评论） glance n. 匆匆一看；一瞥 take a glance at...（瞥一眼……） behaviour n. 行为；举止 good/bad behaviour（良好 / 不良行为） shortage n. 不足；缺少 a shortage of...（…… 的短缺） genuine adj. 真诚的；真心的；可依赖的 - tempt v. 引诱；诱惑 tempt sb. to do sth.（引诱某人做某事） forward adv. 向前 move forward（前进） chapter n. (人生或历史的) 时期，篇章 - limitation n. 限制；不足之处 have limitations（有局限性） under pressure 介词短语 承受着 (急于完成某事的) 压力 - hold back 动词短语 妨碍进展 hold back development（阻碍发展） tip n. 指点；实用的提示 give a tip（给出建议） regular adj. 有规律的；定时的 regular exercise（规律锻炼） concentrate v. 集中 (注意力)；聚精会神 concentrate on...（专注于……） concern n. (对人、组织等) 重要的事情；关心 show concern for...（对…… 表示关心） facility n. 设施；设备 public facilities（公共设施） puzzled adj. 困惑的，迷惑不解的 look puzzled（看起来困惑） locker n. (体育馆等的) 有锁存物柜，寄物柜 - dustbin n. (常置于房外的) 垃圾桶，垃圾箱 - gymnastics n. 体操；体操训练 do gymnastics（练体操） take part in 动词短语 参与某事 take part in an activity（参加活动） concentrate on 动词短语 集中 (注意力)；聚精会神 concentrate on study（专注学习 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1.assignment n. 任务 → assign v. 分配；assigned adj. 指定的 2.creative adj. 创造性的 → creatively adv. 创造性地；creativity n. 创造力 3.stare v. 凝视 → staring adj. 凝视的；stare n. 凝视（同形异义） 4.pressure n. 压力 → pressured adj. 有压力的；pressurize v. 施压 5.expectation n. 期望 → expect v. 期待；expected adj. 预期的 6.comfort n./v. 安慰 → comfortable adj. 舒适的；comfortably adv. 舒适地 7.reflect v. 反思 → reflection n. 思考；reflective adj. 沉思的 8.comment n./v. 评论 → commentary n. 评注；commentate v. 解说 9.concentrate v. 集中 → concentration n. 专注；concentrated adj. 集中的 10.concern n./v. 关心 → concerned adj. 担忧的；concerning prep. 关于 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1 a writing assignment 一份写作作业 2 in some way related to summer vacation 在某种程度上与暑假有关 3 stare at a blank sheet of paper 盯着一张白纸 4 as usual 像往常一样 5 science fiction 科幻小说 6 a distant planet 一颗遥远的星球 7 hand in the story 上交故事 8 lie awake until 3 a.m. 一直醒着躺到凌晨 3 点 9 ignore the assignment 忽视作业 10 beg sb. for a chance 恳求某人给次机会 11 It turned out that…… 结果是…… 12 grade the essay 给文章打分 13 pass back your writing 发还你们的写作 14 put yourself under pressure 给自己压力 15 make sure that …… 确保…… 16 no such thing as perfect 没有所谓的完美 17 bear repeating 值得再说一遍 18 face new expectations 面对新的期望 19 find comfort in it 从中找到安慰 20 a shortage of people 人员短缺 21 put others down 让别人出洋相 22 throughout your adult life 在你的成年生活中 23 reflect on sth. 反思某事 24 make a comment on sb. 评论某人 25 a withering glance 使人难堪的目光扫视 26 be nasty to others 对别人不友好 27 a new chapter in your life 你人生的新篇章 28 hold sb. back 妨碍某人进展 29 put limitations on oneself 限制自己 30 tempt sb. to do sth 引诱某人做某事 核心词汇精讲 1. assignment n. (分派的) 任务；作业 The assessment for the course involves written assignments and practical tests. 这门课程的评估包括各种书面作业和实践测试。 【拓展】assign /əˈsaɪn/vt. 分配；布置；指派 【搭配】assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事；assign homework 布置作业 2. creative adj. 创造性的；创作的 Teachers encourage students to be creative in writing essays. 老师鼓励学生在写作中发挥创造力。 【拓展】create vt. 创造；creation n. 创造；作品；creativity n. 创造力 【搭配】creative thinking 创造性思维；creative ability 创新能力 3. ignore vt. 忽视；不予理会 It’s wrong to ignore others’ advice when you are in trouble. 遇到困境时无视他人的建议是不对的。 【拓展】ignorant adj. 无知的；ignorance n. 无知 【搭配】ignore the fact 忽视事实；ignore warnings 无视警告 4. distant adj. 遥远的；久远的；疏远的 We dreamed of travelling to distant alien planets in science fiction. 我们幻想在科幻小说里去往遥远的外星。 【拓展】distance n. 距离；间距 【搭配】distant relative 远亲；in the distant past 在久远的过去 5. pressure n. & v. 压力；逼迫 Many teenagers live under great study pressure. 很多青少年承受巨大的学习压力。 【拓展】press v. 按压；逼迫 【搭配】under pressure 承受压力；put pressure on sb. 给某人施压 6. reflect v. 深思；反映，体现 Your daily behaviour can truly reflect your personality. 你的日常行为真实反映你的性格。 【拓展】reflection n. 反思；倒影 【 搭配】reflect on/upon sth. 认真思考某事；reflect reality 反映现实 7. expectation n. 期待；期望 Parents always have high expectations for their children. 父母总是对孩子抱有很高的期望。 【拓展】expect vt. 期待；预料；expectant adj. 期待的 【搭配】meet one’s expectations 达到某人的期望；beyond expectation 出乎意料 8. genuine adj. 真诚的；真实可靠的 Only genuine comfort can cheer up a person under pressure. 只有真心的安慰才能抚慰压力下的人。 【拓展】genuinely adv. 真诚地；真正地 【搭配】genuine feelings 真情实感；genuine friend 挚友 9. tempt vt. 引诱；诱惑 The delicious snacks tempted the boy to break his diet plan. 美味零食引诱男孩打破节食计划。 【拓展】temptation n. 诱惑；引诱物 【搭配】tempt sb. to do sth. 引诱某人做某事；resist temptation 抵制诱惑 10. limitation n. 局限；限制因素 We should accept our own limitations and keep improving. 我们应当接纳自身不足并持续提升。 【拓展】limit n. & vt. 限制；limited adj. 有限的 【搭配】the limitations of technology 技术局限；within limits 在范围内 11. comfort n. & v. 安慰；慰藉 I tried my best to comfort her when she failed the exam. 她考试失利时我尽力安慰她。 【拓展】comfortable adj. 舒适的 【搭配】take comfort from sth. 从某事中得到慰藉；comfort sb. for sth. 因某事安慰某人 12. related adj. 相关的；有联系的 All the essays are related to science fiction themes. 所有短文都和科幻主题相关。 【拓展】relate v. 联系；讲述；relation n. 关系 【固定短语】(be) related to 与…… 有关 13. glance n. & v. 匆匆一瞥；扫视 He took a quick glance at the blank sheet of paper and sighed. 他快速扫了一眼空白纸张，叹了口气。 【辨析】glance 快速扫视；stare 长时间盯着看；glimpse 不经意瞥见 【搭配】glance at sth. 瞥一眼某物；take a glance 看一眼 14. shortage n. 不足；短缺 The city is facing a shortage of volunteer teenagers. 这座城市面临青少年志愿者短缺的问题。 【拓展】short adj. 短缺的；短的 【搭配】a shortage of … …… 的短缺；labour shortage 劳动力短缺 15. behaviour n. 行为；举止 Nasty comments will badly influence teenagers’ behaviour. 刻薄评论会严重影响青少年的言行举止。 【拓展】behave v. 表现；举止得体 【搭配】good/bad behaviour 良好 / 恶劣行为；social behaviour 社会行为 课文聚焦 一、原文呈现： A WRITING ASSIGNMENT（一个写作作业） · Mrs. Peabody, the English teacher, gave the class a writing assignment. “Write something in something in some way related to summer vacation,” she said. “Be as creative as you can. But,” the teacher added, “make sure you use proper spelling and grammar.” Comment by F M: 该处是过去分词做后置定语；修饰something. be related to… 是与…有关的意思。 · The night Jim sat at his desk at home and started at a blank sheet of paper. He didn’t want to write about his summer vacation as usual. What could he write about, except a dog, a water park, and two weeks of camp? Boring ... He’d actually been happy to get back to school. Comment by F M: 该处是典型的时间名词做时间状语。时间名词作状语时，前面的介词通常可以省略： This morning I met Mr. Lee at the school gate. We will have a class meeting today. Comment by F M: except 表示除去，是用减法： There is no one else except we two in this room. 这间屋子除了我们两个没有其他人。 besides表示除了…之外还有…的意思，是用加法。 There are two students in this classroom besides Mr. White. 教室里除了怀特先生之外还有另外2个学生。 （注意和介词beside区分：beside是介词，表示在…旁边： There is a girl beside Uncle Tom.汤姆叔叔旁边有一个女孩） except for 表示从整体中除去部分： This is a wonderful writing work except for some spelling mistakes. 这是一篇好作文，除了有几处拼写错误。 · So he wrote what he wanted. Not an essay at all but a short story, science fiction. It was about a distant planet that didn’t have summer—it was spring all the time. And it didn’t have vacation ，either. The aliens on the planet worked 24 hours a day. They wished they had vacations. Comment by F M: not…but…不是…而是… 注意和not only…but (also)…区分。 Comment by F M: 该处是一个定语从句；简单的定语从句初中也有接触，但是对一些语法名词比如先行词、关系代词、关系副词等可以先简单的讲解一下。 · The next morning he handed in the story, but later that night he lay awake until 3 a.m., thinking, “Why did I do that? Will Mrs. Peabody think I ignored the assignment?” English was his favorite class. Maybe he would beg Mrs. Peabody for a chance to write another one, the sort she wanted. Comment by F M: thinking是现在分词做伴随状语，表示和主句的谓语动词同时发生的动作。 Comment by F M: beg sb. to do sth. 祈求某人去做某事。 · But when he got to class the following day, it turned out that Mrs. Peabody had already read and graded the essays. Comment by F M: 本句是由It做形式主语的一个主语从句；真正的主语是后面的that从句。it做形式主语的主语从句有四种形式： 1、it+be+adj+that从句； 2、it+be+v-ed+that从句； 3、it+be+n.+that从句； 4、it+v.+that从句； The teacher said, “I’m going to pass back your summer vacation writing in a minute. I’m afraid I’ve got some rather harsh words to say. Almost everyone in class simply wrote an essay about his or her summer vacation ... Almost everyone.” Comment by F M: harsh words 刺耳的话 · “This is bad,” Jim thought, “I’m getting an F,I know it.” “But,” the teacher continued, “one of you had the courage to be as imaginative as I asked you to be. Jim Martin was the only one who got an A on the assignment.” Comment by F M: 有想象力的；Imagine的动词形式。 Jim couldn’t believe his ears. 【译文参考】 一次作文作业 · 英语老师皮博迪夫人给全班布置了一项写作作业。她说:“写一些和暑假有关的东西。”“尽可能地发挥你的创造力。但是，”老师补充说，“一定要用正确的拼写和语法。” · 那天晚上，吉姆坐在家里的书桌前，开始看一张白纸。他不想像往常一样写他的暑假。除了一条狗、一个水上公园和两周的野营，他还能写些什么呢?无聊……他其实很高兴能回到学校。 · 所以他想写什么就写什么。不是一篇文章，而是一篇短篇小说，科幻小说。它是关于一个遥远的星球，那里没有夏天——一直都是春天。而且也没有假期。那边的外星人一天工作24小时。他们希望自己有假期。 · 第二天早上，他交了那篇作文。但当晚晚些时候，他躺在床上，一直躺到凌晨3点，心里想着:“我为什么要那样做?”皮博迪夫人会认为我不重视这次作业吗?英语是他最喜欢的课。也许他会请求皮博迪太太给他个机会再写一封，她想要的那种。 · 但当他第二天去上课时，发现皮博迪太太已经读过并给作文评分了。 老师说:“我马上把你的暑假作文传回去。”恐怕我有些刺耳的话要说。几乎班上的每个人都写了一篇关于他或她的暑假的文章……几乎每一个人。” · “这太糟糕了，”吉姆想，“我肯定得个不及格。” · “但是，”老师继续说，“你们中有一个人有勇气像我要求的那样富有想象力。吉姆·马丁是唯一一个在这项任务上得了A的人。” 吉姆简直不敢相信自己的耳朵。 二、课文研习： 重难句式及解析 1. “The next morning he handed in the story, but later that night he lay awake until 3 a.m., thinking, ‘Why did I do that? Will Mrs. Peabody think I ignored the assignment?’” 句式结构：复合句（由转折连词 “but” 连接两个并列分句）+ 现在分词短语作伴随状语（“thinking...”）+ 直接引语（两个疑问句）。 解析： 前半句 “he handed in the story” 为简单句，描述动作；后半句 “he lay awake until 3 a.m.” 也是简单句，“until 3 a.m.” 作时间状语。 “thinking...” 是现在分词短语，补充说明 “lay awake” 时的心理活动，直接引语则体现了吉姆的内心疑问，增强了句子的层次感和心理描写的细腻度。 2. “Maybe he would beg Mrs. Peabody for a chance to write another one, the sort she wanted.” 句式结构：复合句（含宾语从句的省略形式）+ 同位语（“the sort she wanted”）。 解析： 主句 “Maybe he would beg Mrs. Peabody for a chance” 为简单句，“to write another one” 是不定式作后置定语，修饰 “chance”。 “the sort she wanted” 是 “another one” 的同位语，其中 “she wanted” 是省略了关系代词 “that/which” 的定语从句，补充说明 “another one” 的类型，使句子在表达意图时更具体。 3. “But when he got to class the following day, it turned out that Mrs. Peabody had already read and graded the essays.” 句式结构：复合句（含时间状语从句 + 主语从句）。 解析： 前半句 “when he got to class the following day” 是时间状语从句，交代主句动作发生的时间。 后半句 “it turned out that...” 中，“it” 为形式主语，真正的主语是 “that Mrs. Peabody had already read and graded the essays” 这个主语从句。“had already read and graded” 使用过去完成时，强调老师批改作业的动作发生在吉姆到教室之前，体现了时间逻辑的复杂性。 学以致用 一、单词拼写 1. Teachers usually give each student an a__________（作业；任务）to finish before Friday. 2. You need to be c__________（有创造力的）when writing science fiction stories. 3. All the questions in the test are r__________（相关的）to our daily life. 4. Don’t i__________（忽视）the advice given by experienced adults. 5. People once imagined travelling to d__________（遥远的）planets with aliens. 6. Many teenagers suffer from heavy study p__________（压力）from their families. 7. Parents often have high e__________（期望）for their children’s future. 8. I tried to c__________（安慰）my deskmate when she felt upset. 9. Reading quietly helps us r__________（反思）on our own feelings and mistakes. 10. Her g__________（真诚的）smile made everyone feel warm and relaxed. 11. Delicious snacks often t__________（引诱）students to stop studying. 12. We should realize the l__________（局限）of our own ability and keep learning. 13. He took a quick g__________（一瞥）at the blank sheet and sighed deeply. 14. The school is facing a s__________（短缺）of volunteers for after-school activities. 15. Nasty online words will greatly influence teenagers’ b__________（行为；举止） 参考答案（横向排列） 1. assignment, 2. creative, 3. related, 4. ignore, 5. distant, 6. pressure, 7. expectation, 8. comfort, 9. reflect, 10. genuine, 11. tempt, 12. limitation, 13. glance, 14. shortage, 15. behaviour 二、完成句子 comment assign genuine harsh reflect concentrate tempt sort concern behaviour nasty 1. I finished my ____________ just under the deadline. 我恰好在最后期限之前完成了我的指派任务. 2. The minister refused to ____________ publicly on these claims. 部长拒绝公开评论这些要求. 3. We were angry at their bad ____________ . 我们被他们的恶劣行为激怒了. 4. We thought it was a ____________ antique(古董), but it turned out to be a fake. 我们以为这是真古董, 结果只是一件赝品. 5. His voice was ____________ and unmusical. 他的声音刺耳难听。 6. I often ____________ on my schooldays. 我经常回忆起我上学的日子 7. You should ____________ on your work. 你应该专心于你的工作. 8. He is a person with a ____________ mind. 他是个思想肮脏的人. 9. It's very kind of you to show so much ____________ for us. 谢谢您对我们这么关心. 10. We need to ____________ the garbage out before the truck comes. 我们需要在垃圾车来前就做好垃圾分类. 【答案】 1.assignment 2.comment 3.behaviour 4.genuine 5.harsh 6.reflect 7.concentrate 8. nasty 9. concern 10.sort 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $