专题13 阅读理解七选五、六选四、阅读表达（3年汇编）（全国通用）2024-2026年高考英语真题分类汇编

**基本信息** 聚焦2024-2026年高考英语七选五题型，汇编全国卷、浙江卷等真题及模拟题，涵盖AI技术、劳动教育、有效沟通等时代主题，注重语篇逻辑与学生生活关联。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |七选五|10+篇（每篇5空）|语言能力（逻辑衔接、语篇结构）、思维品质（句际推理）|以说明文为主，设空以段中句为主（2-3空），如2026全国一卷AI博物馆语篇，考查代词呼应与逻辑关系，贴合高考“人与社会”“人与自我”主题趋势|

专题13 阅读理解七选五、六选四、阅读表达 （全国通用） 考点分类 五年考情（2024-2026） 命题趋势 考点1 人与自我类 （5年7考） 2026年全国二卷--从小培养孩子劳动品质； 2026浙江1月卷--克服阅读回读坏习惯； 2025全国一卷--咖啡馆员工是平凡英雄； 2025北京卷--社会在培养成年人方面责任； 2024新课标I卷—使用英语词典体验； 2024九省联考卷-初跑者常犯错误； 2024北京卷--线上课程学习建议。 1.七选五的语篇类型以说明文为主，议论文和记叙文为辅。 2.主题语境在“人与社会”、“人与自我”为主。词数一般为280-300词左右。题材贴近学生生活，主要考查学生的文意重建和逻辑思维能力。 3.设空位置以段中句为主，占2-3空；兼顾段首句和段尾句。 4.做题应注意根据挖空位置、前后逻辑关系、词语复现、代词呼应等方面做出判断。 5.从文本特征、主旨大意、句际逻辑、语篇含义、作者观点等帮助学生逐步树立语篇意识，把握语篇结构，感悟作者情感态度和价值取向。从语篇微观和宏观两个角度，进一步提升理解语篇意义的能力。 考点2 人与社会类 （5年4考） 2026年全国一卷--AI 重塑博物馆体验； 2025全国二卷--家庭参与志愿活动好处； 2025浙江1月卷—有效沟通的方式； 2025八省联考卷--大学艺术博物馆之友。 考点3 人与自然类 （5年1） 2024新课标II卷—如何避免过度旅游。 Passage 1 （2026·全国一卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中迭出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Museums, once quiet places filled with history, are now full of digital excitement. By using machine learning and advanced algorithms(算法), these institutions are creating personalized visitor journeys, protecting delicate collections, and revealing hidden stories. 36 AI transforms a standard museum trip into a personalized and interactive adventure. Smart recommendation engines analyze data such as exhibit popularity and visitors' past behavior to suggest specific exhibits and events, making each visit unique and surprising. 37 These digital assistants engage visitors in dynamic conversations and offer context-sensitive insights that deepen understanding and satisfy curiosity. Beyond visitor interaction, AI plays a crucial role in preserving priceless artworks. Since the exhibits in museums sustain natural decay(破损)over time, early detection is vital. AI can help identify the slightest signs of decay, such as cracks or discoloration, which are often invisible to the human eye. 38 Moreover, by predicting future decay patterns, AI helps museums take preventive measures and improve preservation strategies. AI also significantly enhances the educational value of museums, particularly for children and families. 39 For instance, interactive exhibits powered by AI can adjust their content and difficulty level based on the user's preferences and responses. This adaptability ensures that complex historical concepts become accessible and engaging for young minds. Looking ahead, the rapid advancement of AI promises both exciting possibilities and ethical(伦理的) challenges. Museums are working together with AI ethicists to develop fair algorithms. 40 Strict policies should be established to protect visitors' information. A. This capability allows for timely restoration. B. Visitor data collection also raises privacy issues. C. In short, AI is redefining the museum in all respects. D. It tailors learning experiences to different age groups and learning styles. E. Museums are not only places to store artworks, but also spaces for learning. F. Furthermore, AI-powered virtual guides are replacing traditional tour guides. G. AI is changing this by using image recognition technology to analyze exhibits. 【答案】36. C 37. F 38. A 39. D 40. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了人工智能(AI)在博物馆中的应用，包括为游客提供个性化体验、帮助保护珍贵藏品、增强教育价值以及面临的伦理挑战。 36.上文“By using machine learning and advanced algorithms (算法), these institutions are creating personalized visitor journeys, protecting delicate collections, and revealing hidden stories. (通过使用机器学习和先进算法，这些机构正在创造个性化的游客旅程、保护脆弱的藏品并揭示隐藏的故事)”概括了AI在博物馆中的多种应用，C选项“In short, AI is redefining the museum in all respects.(简而言之，AI正在全方位重新定义博物馆)”承接上文，对AI的全面影响进行总结；下文从游客互动、文物保护、教育价值等方面具体展开，与C选项中的“in all respects”形成总分关系，上下文逻辑连贯。 37. 上文“Smart recommendation engines analyze data such as exhibit popularity and visitors’ past behavior to suggest specific exhibits and events, making each visit unique and surprising.(智能推荐引擎通过分析展品受欢迎程度和游客过往行为等数据，推荐特定的展品和活动，让每次参观都独特而充满惊喜)”介绍了AI推荐引擎的功能，下文“These digital assistants engage visitors in dynamic conversations and offer context-sensitive insights that deepen understanding and satisfy curiosity.(这些数字助手能与游客进行动态对话，并提供与情境相关的见解，从而加深理解、满足好奇心)”描述了AI驱动的虚拟导览员的作用。F选项“Furthermore, AI-powered virtual guides are replacing traditional tour guides.(此外，AI驱动的虚拟导览员正在取代传统的导游)”承接上文，与推荐引擎构成并列关系，引出AI在博物馆中的另一项应用——虚拟导览员；下文中的“These digital assistants”指代F选项中的“AI-powered virtual guides”，上下文语意连贯。 38.上文“AI can help identify the slightest signs of decay, such as cracks or discoloration, which are often invisible to the human eye.(AI可以帮助识别最细微的衰败迹象，如裂缝或变色，这些往往是肉眼无法察觉的)”指出AI能发现肉眼看不见的文物损坏迹象，A选项“This capability allows for timely restoration.(这种能力使得及时修复成为可能)”承接上文，解释了这一发现能力的作用——实现及时修复；下文“Moreover, by predicting future decay patterns, AI helps museums take preventive measures and improve preservation strategies.(此外，通过预测未来的衰败模式，AI帮助博物馆采取预防措施并改进保存策略)”进一步说明AI在文物保护中的其他作用，与A选项中的“timely restoration”构成递进关系，上下文逻辑连贯。 39.上文“AI also significantly enhances the educational value of museums, particularly for children and families.(AI还显著提升了博物馆的教育价值，尤其是对儿童和家庭而言)”指出AI对博物馆教育价值的提升作用，D选项“It tailors learning experiences to different age groups and learning styles.(它根据不同年龄段和学习风格定制学习体验)”承接上文，具体解释了AI如何提升教育价值——通过个性化定制；下文“For instance, interactive exhibits powered by AI can adjust their content and difficulty level based on the user’s preferences and responses.(例如，由AI驱动的互动展品可以根据用户的偏好和反应调整其内容和难度水平)”举例说明D选项中的“tailors learning experiences”的具体实现方式，上下文语意连贯。 40.下文“Strict policies should be established to protect visitors’ information.(应制定严格的政策来保护游客的信息)”提出要制定严格的政策保护游客信息，也就是保护游客隐私。B选项“Visitor data collection also raises privacy issues.(游客数据收集也引发了隐私问题)”说明了游客数据收集与隐私保护之间的关联，解释了为什么要制定严格政策，选项中的“privacy issues”与下文中的“protect visitors’ information”直接呼应，上下文逻辑连贯。 Passage 2 （2026·全国一卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Ways to Teach Kids Work Ethic Early Ever watched your child try to get out of doing housework by making excuses? If only the effort they put into avoiding responsibility could be redirected into, well, actual responsibility. In fact, building work ethic (道德) in kids doesn’t require military-style drills. Here are four simple and practical ways. ●Make housework part of the family routine. Involve your child in the daily running of the house: tidying toys, feeding the dog, watering the plants. 36 When the tasks become as routine as brushing teeth, kids internalise that helping with housework is simply part of life. ● 37 You can’t expect your child to tackle their tasks with enthusiasm while you’re complaining about loading the dishwasher. If your child sees you enjoying your work and taking pride in a job well done, they’re far more likely to do the same. ●Build determination through goals. 38 Sometimes you have to help them find their “thing.” Set small, achievable goals together with them and celebrate progress, not perfection. The trick is to let them struggle a bit — resist the urge to help fix things the moment they experience a setback. ●Treat mistakes as opportunities. Few things strike fear into a child’s heart like the prospect of failing. The best way is to normalise mistakes as a natural part of learning. When kids mess up, don’t jump in with a rescue mission. 39 Teaching kids work ethic is to gently and consistently push them toward responsibility, determination, and pride in their efforts. 40 No worry. Those habits you’re building now are setting your child up for a lifetime of resilience (韧性) and satisfaction. A. The key is consistency. B. Help kids develop analytical skills. C. Model the work ethic you want to see. D. Instead, encourage them to do differently next time. E. Sometimes, a cleaner living room is the best reward. F. Progress can be slow, and you’ll wonder if it’s all sinking in. G. Not every child is born with the willpower of a marathon runner. 【答案】36. A 37. C 38. G 39. D 40. F 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了四种从小培养孩子劳动品质的实用方法。 36.根据空前“Involve your child in the daily running of the house: tidying toys, feeding the dog, watering the plants.(让孩子参与家庭日常事务：整理玩具、喂狗、浇花。)”以及空后“When the tasks become as routine as brushing teeth, kids internalise that helping with housework is simply part of life.(当做家务变得像刷牙一样常规化，孩子就会从内心认同做家务是生活的一部分。)”可知，前文给出具体家务内容，后文强调把家务固化成日常习惯，能让孩子形成观念，想要实现这个转变，核心要素就是持之以恒。A选项“The key is consistency.(关键在于持之以恒。)”，句中consistency对应后文routine，点明坚持常态化做家务是养成习惯的核心逻辑。 37.分析文章结构，该空为本段小标题，其余小标题均为简洁祈使句；根据本段后文“You can’t expect your child to tackle their tasks with enthusiasm while you’re complaining about loading the dishwasher. If your child sees you enjoying your work and taking pride in a job well done, they’re far more likely to do the same.(你不能指望孩子满怀热情地处理自己的任务，而你自己却在抱怨把洗碗机里的碗碟摆好。如果你的孩子看到你享受工作、并为自己出色完成的事情感到自豪，他们就更有可能也这样做。)”可知，整段核心是家长自身行为会被孩子模仿，家长要做好榜样。C选项“Model the work ethic you want to see.(树立你希望孩子拥有的劳动榜样。)”概括本段内容，适合做小标题。 38.本段小标题是“Build determination through goals.(借助目标培养意志力。)”；根据空后“Sometimes you have to help them find their “thing.” Set small, achievable goals together with them and celebrate progress, not perfection. The trick is to let them struggle a bit — resist the urge to help fix things the moment they experience a setback.(有时你需要帮孩子找到适合自己的事。和他们一起设定容易达成的小目标，看重进步而非完美。诀窍是让他们适当经历磨砺，不要一遇到挫折就立刻帮忙解决问题。)”可知，后文提出需要借助外力、设定小目标来锻炼意志力，反向说明孩子天生意志力参差不齐，不是所有人天生意志力都很强。G选项“Not every child is born with the willpower of a marathon runner.(并非每个孩子生来都拥有马拉松运动员那般强大的意志力。)”解释了为什么需要靠目标培养毅力，前后因果通顺，且与本段主题一致。 39.根据空前“When kids mess up, don’t jump in with a rescue mission.(孩子搞砸事情时，不要立刻出手包揽补救。)”可知，建议家长孩子出现问题不要立刻出手包揽补救，后文需要给出对应的正向替代方案。D选项“Instead, encourage them to do differently next time.(取而代之，鼓励他们下次换一种方式处理。)”中instead承接前文不插手的做法，给出引导孩子自主修正错误的具体方式，符合语境。 40.根据空后“No worry. Those habits you’re building now are setting your child up for a lifetime of resilience (韧性) and satisfaction.(不必担心。你当下正在培养的这些习惯，会让孩子终身拥有抗挫折能力与成就感。)”可知，No worry是安慰语气，说明空格处必然是家长会产生的顾虑。F选项“Progress can be slow, and you’ll wonder if it’s all sinking in.(进步速度可能很慢，你会疑惑孩子究竟有没有真正听进去、学进去。)”提出家长的焦虑疑惑，后文紧接着进行安抚解释，符合语境。 Passage 3 （2026·浙江1月卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 During your initial reading of material, do you ever go back and reread sentences or paragraphs? Is it because the material is too difficult to comprehend on the first reading or because you are asleep? 36 You are napping (打盹) or daydreaming. Halfway down the page you realize that you have no idea what you have read. 37 Thus, you go back and reread, not because you did not understand, but because you were not paying attention. This type of rereading is called regression. Napping and daydreaming are habits caused by lack of involvement with the material. Be demanding on yourself and expect 100 percent attention to the task. Engage your mind. Visualize the incoming ideas, and relate the new material to what you already know. 38 If your mind is truly occupied with the text, you will not be able to think about Friday night or where to go on Saturday. Regression is a crutch (拐杖) that allows you to make up for wasted time. First of all, become aware of when and why you are regressing. 39 Say, “OK. I missed that paragraph because I was thinking of something else, but I’m going to keep on going and start paying close attention.” 40 Good readers who monitor their own comprehension use it in the reading process. However, regressing because your mind was asleep is a waste of time. A. Both are to blame. B. Probably the latter is true. C. Don’t just read the words; think the ideas. D. Spend a few minutes reading the material aloud. E. Your eyes were engaged, but your mind was not. F. Then, start denying yourself the right in order to break the habit. G. Rereading because you did not understand is a reasonable fix-up strategy. 【答案】36. B 37. E 38. C 39. F 40. G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍阅读中因打瞌睡导致的回读现象，分析原因并给出专注阅读、克服该习惯的建议。 36.根据上文“Is it because the material is too difficult to comprehend on the first reading or because you are asleep? (是因为材料太难，第一次读不懂，还是因为你打瞌睡了？)”以及下文“You are napping (打盹) or daydreaming. (你在打盹或做白日梦。)”可知，此处应承接上文的两个疑问，明确更可能是后者（打瞌睡）的情况，B选项“Probably the latter is true. (可能后者是对的。)”中的the latter指代上文because you are asleep，与下文的打盹、做白日梦相呼应，符合语境。故选B项。 37.根据上文“Halfway down the page you realize that you have no idea what you have read. (读到页面中间，你意识到自己根本不知道读了什么。)”以及下文“Thus, you go back and reread, not because you did not understand, but because you were not paying attention. (因此，你回去重读，不是因为你不懂，而是因为你没有集中注意力。)”可知，此处应体现眼睛在看但大脑没专注的状态，E选项“Your eyes were engaged, but your mind was not. (你的眼睛在看，但你的大脑没有投入。)”既解释了为什么不知道读了什么，又为下文“没集中注意力”的原因做铺垫，符合语境。故选E项。 38.根据上文“Engage your mind. Visualize the incoming ideas, and relate the new material to what you already know. (集中注意力。想象即将接收的观点，并将新材料与你已有的知识联系起来。)”以及下文“If your mind is truly occupied with the text, you will not be able to think about Friday night or where to go on Saturday. (如果你的大脑真的专注于文本，你就不会去想周五晚上或周六去哪里。)”可知，此处应强调阅读时要思考观点而非只看文字，C选项“Don’t just read the words; think the ideas. (不要只看文字，要思考其中的观点。)”与上文Engage your mind和下文mind is truly occupied with the text相呼应，符合语境。故选C项。 39.根据上文“First of all, become aware of when and why you are regressing. (首先，要意识到自己何时以及为何会回读。)”以及下文“Say, “OK. I missed that paragraph because I was thinking of something else, but I’m going to keep on going and start paying close attention.” (比如，“好的。我因为想别的事情错过了那一段，但我会继续读下去，并开始集中注意力。”)”可知，此处应体现意识到回读原因后，要拒绝回读以打破习惯，F选项“Then, start denying yourself the right in order to break the habit. (然后，开始拒绝自己回读的权利，以打破这个习惯。)”中的Then承接上文First of all，denying yourself the right与下文keep on going相呼应，符合语境。故选F项。 40.根据下文“Good readers who monitor their own comprehension use it in the reading process. However, regressing because your mind was asleep is a waste of time. (善于监控自己理解程度的优秀读者会在阅读过程中使用它。然而，因为打瞌睡而回读是浪费时间。)”可知，此处应区分两种回读，强调因不懂而回读是合理的，G选项“Rereading because you did not understand is a reasonable fix-up strategy. (因为不懂而回读是一种合理的补救策略。)”中的Rereading because you did not understand与下文regressing because your mind was asleep形成对比，reasonable fix-up strategy与下文use it in the reading process相呼应，符合语境。故选G项。 Passage 1 （2025·全国一卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 An Unsung Hero Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and more. 36 Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. 37 As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. 38 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve. One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. 39 “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. “I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said. 40 She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B. She has two children aged eight and four. C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. 【答案】36 E 37. D 38. C 39. F 40. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述大学咖啡馆工作人员凯瑟琳•墨菲用真诚的服务和热情的微笑为学生带来温暖的故事，展现了这位平凡英雄的动人之处。 36.根据上文“Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and more. (课间需要休息或早上快速提神？大学咖啡馆提供这些，还有更多。)”可知，开篇引出咖啡馆的功能，空格处需揭示“更多”的内涵。E选项“Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. (这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，还提供微笑。)”通过“Not only...also...”结构，既承接“drinks”，又引出下文核心——墨菲的微笑服务，符合语境。故选E项。 37.根据上文“She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. (她在机器之间来回制作饮品。)”及下文“As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. (当顾客从她手中接过饮品时，她微笑着说：“你好，今天过得怎么样？”即使队伍越来越长，她也不会让这影响到她真诚的交流。)”可推知，设空处需补充制作饮品后的环节。D选项“After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. (完成订单后，她会喊出杯子上的名字。)”中的“finishing an order”衔接“make the drinks”，“calls out the name”引出顾客接饮品的场景，形成“制作—叫号—交付”的完整流程。故选D项。 38.根据上文“Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. (墨菲每天四点四十五起床，开车三十分钟准时上班。)”及下文“I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. (我这样做是因为我喜欢为学生煮咖啡。)”可推知，设空处需进一步体现她对工作的投入。C选项“Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. (有时她会提前到达，提前为学生服务。)”中的“arrives early”补充了“准时上班”之外的主动性，“serve the students early”呼应“like to make coffee for the students”，展现其敬业精神。故选C项。 39.根据上文“Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. (乔安娜・赖特是政治学专业的大四学生，她热爱咖啡，每周至少去这家咖啡馆六天。)”及下文““Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. (赖特说“凯瑟琳总是笑容满面，这总能让我心情愉快。”)”可推知，设空处需说明她频繁去咖啡馆的原因。F选项“Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. (去咖啡馆让她一天有个好的开始，并为上课做好准备。)”中的“starts her day off good”解释了“每周去六天”的动机，且“cheerful mood”与墨菲的微笑服务形成因果关系。故选F项。 40.根据下文“She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. (她完全打算留下来，继续做自己喜欢的事。)”可推知，设空处需体现她对工作的长期投入。G选项“She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. (她已经在这里服务了17年，无法想象在其他地方工作。)”中的“17 years”凸显服务年限之长，“can’t imagine working anywhere else”强化对咖啡馆的情感联结，与“staying”形成直接呼应。故选G项。 Passage 2 （2025·全国二卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? 36 You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family. ●You’ll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 37 ●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. 38 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. ● 39 Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come. ●You’ll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. 40 Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work. A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before. G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. 【答案】36. B 37. G38. E39. C40. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍家庭共同参与志愿活动带来的意外好处，包括感觉时间更充裕、促进身体健康、对青少年产生长远积极影响以及增进家庭互动等。 36.根据上文“Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? (你在寻找让家人团聚的方法吗？希望找到一个大人和小孩都能参与的爱好吗)”可知，此处以提问方式引出家庭共同活动的需求，空格处需给出解决方案。B选项“Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. (全家一起做志愿者可能正是你需要的)”中的“Volunteering as a family”直接回应“bring your family together”和“shared hobby”，引出下文对家庭志愿活动好处的具体说明，符合语境。故选B项。 37.根据段落主题句“You’ll feel like you have more time. (你会觉得自己有更多时间)”及上文“Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. (然而，研究发现，把时间投入到社区事业中实际上会让你觉得自己拥有更多时间)”可推知，设空处需解释“感觉时间更多”的原因。G选项“Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. (志愿活动让你感觉有能力，并激励你充分利用每一天)”中的“makes you feel capable”和“inspires you to make the most of each day”从心理层面解释了为何志愿活动会让人产生时间更充裕的感觉，与“feel like you have more time”形成因果关联。故选G项。 38.根据下文“Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. (华盛顿大学研究发现，55 岁及以上的成年人中，参与志愿服务的人群比同龄人拥有更优的记忆力，且能更长久地维持整体健康状态)”可知，本段聚焦志愿活动对成年人身体健康的益处。E选项“For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. (对成年人来说，志愿活动可以带来显著的身体健康益处)”中的“For adults”对应“adults 55 and older”，“physical health benefits”概括了“better memory”和“maintained overall health”，与本段的主题吻合。故选E项。 39.根据下文“Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect teen’s well-being in the years to come. (青少年时期参与志愿服务已被证实与一些重要的积极影响相关，例如成绩提升和自信心增强。这些影响并非只是短期的，而是已被证明会在未来数年持续影响青少年的身心健康)”可知，本段主题为志愿活动对青少年的长期影响。C选项“Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. (志愿活动对儿童和青少年有终身影响)”中的“lifelong effect”对应“affect teen’s well-being in the years to come”，“on kids and teenagers”覆盖段落讨论的年龄群体，符合段落主旨。故选C项。 40.根据上文“Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. (一起做志愿者的家庭有朝着共同目标努力的独特经历)”及下文“Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. (每个人都能带来独特的东西，并能以新的方式相互联系)”可推知，设空处需补充家庭志愿活动中成员间的具体互动。F选项“You may even learn that your kid has talent you didn’t know about before. (你甚至可能会发现你的孩子有你以前不知道的天赋)”中的“learn that your kid has talent”体现“Everyone brings something unique”，且“in a new way”对应“发现孩子未知天赋”的新颖体验，衔接上下文。故选F项。 Passage 3 （2026·浙江1月卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much. 36 There’s no value in delivering any kind of communication, whether written, spoken, formal, or informal, if the message doesn’t come across clearly. Being clear and brief – while maintaining interest and including everything your listeners need to know – is a high-level communication skill. Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more effectively. ●Keep your audience in mind. Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests. 37 This will engage their desire to understand and interact with the information. ●Don’t use ten words when one will do. Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. 38 However, they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple. ● 39 If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others. Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills. ●Consider the best method to deliver your message. If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions. 40 Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort. A. Be patient. B. Get the audience involved. C. The best messages are often simple. D. Speak directly to what matters to them. E. You may be surprised by what your listeners offer. F. It will also give them a handy record to refer back to. G. As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say. 【答案】36. C 37. D 38. G 39. B 40. F 【导读】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了有效沟通的方式。 【解析】 36. C空白处前提到，在沟通中最常见的错误之一就是试图做得太多；空白处后讲的是“如果信息没有清晰地传达出来，那么任何形式的沟通，无论是书面的、口头的、正式的或非正式的，都没有价值”。由此可知，空白处强调的应是不要传达过多内容，要注重信息的清晰传达，C 项“最好的信息往往是简单的”符合语境。 37. D。根据空白处前可知，要根据听众的兴趣决定沟通内容，再结合空白处后“这将激发他们理解信息并与之互动的欲望”可知，D 项“直接讲述对他们重要的事情”进一步说明了要针对听众感兴趣的内容进行沟通，符合语境。 38. G。根据小标题可知，本段围绕沟通内容要简洁展开。根据空白处后可知，这里是将讲话者和听众进行对比，讲话者已经知道内容，而听众是第一次听，所以要简单明了。G 项“作为讲话者，你已经知道自己要说什么”，与下文逻辑连贯。 39. B。空白处为该段的小标题。根据本段后两句可知，本段建议讲话者让听众积极贡献想法参与到讨论中来。B 项“让听众参与进来”最能概括本段内容。 40. F。根据小标题可知，本段建议沟通者考虑传递信息的最佳方式。空白处前提到，书面沟通能让听众有更多时间回顾、认真思考并提出问题来跟进。F 项“这也会为他们提供一份方便查阅的记录”，进一步说明了书面沟通的另一个好处，与上文衔接紧密。 Passage 4 （2026·北京卷）根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 What is adulthood? Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed, because it identifies a point in the life cycle. As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. 35 But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. 36 If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. 37 You’re self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are. And you know who you are within all this. So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. 38 We are a social species, so this is important. While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. 39 A. It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. B. They talk about someone’s inability to support themselves through work. C. It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. D. In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. E. They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. F. You feel like an 18-year old, especially when playing 80s music. G. When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. 【答案】35. G36. E37. D38. C39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要探讨了成年人定义及其所需具备的特质，并强调了社会在培养成年人方面的责任。 35.由上文“As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. (正如Alice Black所指出的，如今父母害怕让孩子做更多家务，这加剧了孩子们无法感受到自身的能力，进而也导致他们对自己缺乏自信。心理学家Robert Turner在他的著作《生命周期》中提到了这一点，他提到了孩子们学习自我指导和掌握技能的阶段。)”可知，本空应强调这个阶段的重要性或缺失这个阶段会带来什么影响。G选项“When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. (当这个阶段被剥夺时，就会产生一种不安全感。)”符合题意，承接上文，说明了这个阶段被剥夺的后果。故选G。 36.由上文“But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. (但Turner的其他周期也同样重要。)”以及下文“If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. (如果这些生命周期被延迟、中断或拒绝，你会觉得自己无法进入自我状态，无法控制不愉快的情绪，也无法操控构成你内心世界结构的能量。)”可知，本空应解释它们的重要性体现在哪里。E选项“They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. (它们教授情感意识和管理以及身份认同。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 37.由上文“Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. (Turner明智地指出，从心理上讲，“做得好”就是能够顺应情绪的流动，管理它们，与他人清晰而良好地沟通，并掌握各种技能。这需要一个内部的控制点，这意味着对自己的思想、情感和行动进行自我控制。)”可知，本空应进一步解释这种内部控制点或自我控制的意义。D选项“In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. (换句话说，你是在玩人生的游戏——而不是人生在玩你。)”能承接上文，符合题意，用比喻的方式解释了内部控制点的意义，即你能够掌控自己的人生，而不是被人生所掌控。故选D。 38.由上文“So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. (所以，成为一个成年人不仅仅是拥有一份工作。成为一个成年人意味着拥有一种根深蒂固的自我意识，同时能够识别和管理自己的情绪和行动。)”可知，本空应进一步描述成年人的其他特质或能力。C选项“It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. (它是在与他人交流时能够表现出理解。)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了成年人在与他人交流时应具备的能力，即表现出理解。故选C。 39.由上文“While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. (虽然培养一个成年人是父母的工作，但作为社会，我们也有责任确保我们支持那些培养情感和身份发展的学校。)”可知，本空应进一步描述社会在培养成年人方面的其他责任。A选项“It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. (支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人也是我们的工作。)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了社会在培养成年人方面的另一项责任，即支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人。故选A。 Passage 1 （2024·新课标I卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 37 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 38 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 39 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work,” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. 40 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don’t often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don’t want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information. 【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。 36.上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。 37.上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。 38.下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。 39.下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。 40.上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。 Passage 2 （2024·新课标II卷）阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 36 Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 37 ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. 38 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights? ● 39 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. 40 You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. A. Visit during off-peak times. B. So, should we stop traveling? C. Travel for you and no one else. D. Can overtourism be avoided then? E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. E 39. A 40. G 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。 36.前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，D选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行吗？”符合语境。故选B。 37.前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，符合语境。故选C。 38.前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择)及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”语境一致。故选E。 39.空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。 40.前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 Passage 3 （2024·浙江1月卷）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. 36 But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? 37 We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 38 “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going. The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. 39 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards. 40 A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts. A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B. Your motivation should be your main concern. C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. 【答案】36. G37. F38. A39. D40. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在线学习的注意事项。 36.由上文“In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. (在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很重要，本空要说跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的话题，故G选项“A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. (一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 37.由上文“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (但是所有的在线课程都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续提出疑问，故F选项“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (如果你参加了在线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 38.由上文“The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. (在线学习最明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习)”可知，在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习，本空要说跟“学习时间”有关的话题，故A选项“But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. (但这并不意味着没有最后期限。)”与上文构成转折关系，that指代上一句话，符合题意。故选A。 39.由下文“He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. (他指出，他的在线学生最终的成绩通常较低)”可知，本空要说跟“在线老师”有关的话题，故D选项“Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. (Alex Davidson教授亲自授课和在线授课)”能引起下文，下文中的He指代D项中的“Alex Davidson教授”，符合题意。故选D。 40.由下文“A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. (社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样你们就可以互相激励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授面对面的会议，讨论课程概念)”可知，本空要说跟“人们之间的互动”有关的话题，故E选项“The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. (对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选E。 Passage 4 （2024·全国甲卷）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 36 But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. 37 It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. 38 Control emotional (情绪的) eating. 39 Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings. 40 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A. Eat properly throughout the day. B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 【答案】36. F 37. C 38. E 39. B 40. A 【导读】本语篇是说明文，讲述适度饮食的概念以及提供饮食建议，体现了主题语境中的“人与自我”。饮食话题是人们每日都要讨论和接触的，本篇内容对培养青少年健康的饮食习惯有指导意义。 【解析】 36.上文“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs, You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. (基本上，它意味着只吃你身体需要的食物，你应该在用餐结束时感到满足，但不要太饱)”指出，进餐时不要吃太饱，吃东西要适量。下文“But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. (但这并不意味着要告别你喜欢的食物)”指出，适量进食不是要放弃吃自己喜欢的食物。F项“对我们许多人来说，节制意味着比现在少吃。”解释了何为适量进食。承上启下，符合文意，选项中的“means”与下文一致。故选F项。 37.根据上文“Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. (慢慢来。放慢脚步，把食物看作是有营养的东西，而不仅仅是会议间隙吃的东西，这一点很重要)”可推知，本段主要建议读者吃东西要细嚼慢咽，不要过于急躁。C项“上班路上不要狼吞虎咽。”承接上文。符合文意。故选C项。 38.上文“It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. (如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于适度饮食，E项“相反，你应该选择健康的食物。”符合文意，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的“healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。故选E项。 39.根据本段首句“Control emotional (情绪的) eating. (控制情绪化进食)”以及下文“Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom.(我们中的许多人也会求助于食物来处理不愉快的情绪，如悲伤、孤独或无聊)”可推知，本段主要建议读者不要情绪化的进行暴饮暴食，要进行健康饮食。B项“我们吃东西并不总是为了充饥。”指出有些人吃东西并不总是为了充饥，引出下文有些人通过食物发泄情绪，符合语境。故选B项。 40.设空处位于段首，总结全段，下文“A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day, Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. (健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以让你一整天都精力充沛，避免在深夜进食。尽量早点吃晚饭，禁食14 — 16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早餐。)”指出，我们在一天中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“一整天都要适当饮食。”符合语境。故选A项。 Passage 4 （2024·北京卷）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. 36 But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? 37 We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 38 “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going. The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. 39 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards. 40 A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts. A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B. Your motivation should be your main concern. C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. 【答案】36. G37. F38. A39. D40. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在线学习的注意事项。 36.由上文“In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. (在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很重要，本空要说跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的话题，故G选项“A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. (一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 37.由上文“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (但是所有的在线课程都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续提出疑问，故F选项“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (如果你参加了在线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 38.由上文“The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. (在线学习最明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习)”可知，在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习，本空要说跟“学习时间”有关的话题，故A选项“But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. (但这并不意味着没有最后期限。)”与上文构成转折关系，that指代上一句话，符合题意。故选A。 39.由下文“He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. (他指出，他的在线学生最终的成绩通常较低)”可知，本空要说跟“在线老师”有关的话题，故D选项“Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. (Alex Davidson教授亲自授课和在线授课)”能引起下文，下文中的He指代D项中的“Alex Davidson教授”，符合题意。故选D。 40.由下文“A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. (社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样你们就可以互相激励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授面对面的会议，讨论课程概念)”可知，本空要说跟“人们之间的互动”有关的话题，故E选项“The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. (对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选E。 Passage 1 （2026·河南南阳·三模）Within the scientific community, dreams are still something of a mystery. However, improvements in brain imaging and recent physiological studies have brought us one step closer to answering the question of why some people remember their dreams more than others. 1 Gender 2 Researchers arent exactly sure why, but Barrett says it could be a biological or hormonal difference. Barrett notes that differences between men and women in regard to dream recall are“modest” and that there are greater differences within each gender than between the genders. Age As we get older, it often gets harder to recall our dreams. Your ability to remember dreams improves in late childhood and adolescence, and tends to peak in your twenties, Barrett says 3 However, there are exceptions,and people sometimes experience the opposite. Amount of sleep The amount of sleep one gets is one of the most important factors. 4 However, those rapid eye movement periods get longer throughout the night, meaning that you’re doing the most dreaming toward the morning generally right before you wake up. Brain activity Thanks to brain imaging, scientists now have a better idea of which parts of the brain are associated with dreaming. A part of the brain that processes information and emotions is more active in people who remember their dreams more often. 5 In turn, this may promote something called intrasleep (睡眠期间) wakefulness. If you don’t remember anything, Barrett says it's still helpful to assess how you feel when you first awaken. “Sometimes if you just stay with whatever emotion you woke up with,” she says, “a dream will come rushing back.” A．Dr. Deirdre Barrett shared a few of the factors. B．Women, on average, recall more dreams than men. C．So what can you do to help you remember your dreams? D．This region may help people pay more attention to external cues. E．Similarly, the “high recallers” tend to exhibit more brain activity. F．After that point, people often experience a gradual drop-off in dream recall. G．People dream every 90 minutes during the rapid eye movement sleep cycle. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．F 4．G 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了科学界对“为什么有些人比其他人更容易记住梦境”这一问题的研究进展，从性别、年龄、睡眠时间和大脑活动四个方面分析了影响梦境记忆的因素，并给出了帮助回忆梦境的小建议。 【详解】1．根据空前句“However, improvements in brain imaging and recent physiological studies have brought us one step closer to answering the question of why some people remember their dreams more than others.(然而，大脑成像技术的进步和近期的生理学研究让我们离解答“为什么有些人比其他人更容易记住梦境”这个问题更近了一步。)”以及下文四个小标题（Gender、Age、Amount of sleep、Brain activity）均为影响梦境记忆的因素可知，空处需起到承上启下的作用，引出下文的具体因素。A选项“迪尔德丽·巴雷特博士分享了其中几个因素。”完美衔接上下文，开启下文对各因素的介绍。 2．根据本段小标题“Gender(性别)”以及空后句“Researchers aren't exactly sure why, but Barrett says it could be a biological or hormonal difference.(研究人员并不完全确定原因，但巴雷特说这可能是生理或荷尔蒙差异导致的。)”可知，空处需说明性别差异在梦境记忆上的具体表现。B选项“平均而言，女性比男性记住更多的梦境。”符合本段主题，且空后句是对该现象原因的解释，逻辑连贯。 3． 根据本段小标题“Age(年龄)”以及空前句“Your ability to remember dreams improves in late childhood and adolescence, and tends to peak in your twenties, Barrett says.(巴雷特说，你记住梦境的能力在童年后期和青春期会提高，在二十多岁时达到顶峰。)”以及空后句“However, there are exceptions, and people sometimes experience the opposite.(然而，也有例外，有些人有时会经历相反的情况。)”可知，空处需说明二十多岁之后梦境记忆能力的变化趋势。F选项“在那之后，人们的梦境记忆能力通常会逐渐下降。”承接空前句的“peak in your twenties”，且空后句的转折符合逻辑。 4．根据本段小标题“Amount of sleep(睡眠时间)”以及空后句“However, those rapid eye movement periods get longer throughout the night, meaning that you're doing the most dreaming toward the morning generally right before you wake up.(然而，这些快速眼动期在夜间会变得越来越长，这意味着你在清晨——通常是醒来之前——做的梦最多。)”可知，空处需引出“快速眼动睡眠”与做梦的关系。G选项“人们在快速眼动睡眠周期中每90分钟做一次梦。”首次提到快速眼动睡眠，且空后句的“those rapid eye movement periods”指代该选项中的“rapid eye movement sleep cycle”，衔接紧密。 5．根据空前句“A part of the brain that processes information and emotions is more active in people who remember their dreams more often.(在经常记住梦境的人的大脑中，负责处理信息和情绪的区域更为活跃。)”以及空后句“In turn, this may promote something called intrasleep(睡眠期间) wakefulness.(反过来，这可能会促进一种叫做“睡眠中清醒”的状态。)”可知，空处需解释该大脑区域的活跃如何影响梦境记忆。D选项“这个区域可能帮助人们更多地关注外部线索。”中的“This region”指代空前句中的大脑区域，且空后句的“In turn”承接该选项内容，说明关注外部线索会促进睡眠中清醒，从而更容易记住梦境，逻辑链条完整。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏泰州·模拟预测）A privacy wall, as the name implies, is a barrier designed to provide privacy for a residence or business. The aim of a privacy wall is privacy, not necessarily security or others. Any barrier that meets the purpose can be loosely called a privacy wall. 6 People with close neighbors often use privacy walls, because conflicts sometimes arise when your neighbors accidentally have a better view of your private life than you realize. 7 Besides, they can also act as a sound baffle (隔音板). Traditional fences from wood, metal, stone or concrete can all be used as privacy walls. One advantage of fences is that they secure animals and keep children safe. Of course, some people probably do not want to look at a fence. 8 The decorated fence is also a beautiful sight. 9 Shrubs (灌木), trees and weeds can be planted to make a privacy wall. People can also mix fencing with plantings to create a privacy wall which will be visually interesting. Over time, a thick living wall can become as unclimbable as a more traditional wall, meeting security needs as well as helping address privacy concerns. While people are not required to consult their neighbors about whether to install a privacy wall, it is advisable to do so. 10 This could lead to future interpersonal problems. By asking a neighbor, people can reach a mutually satisfactory decision about a privacy wall and the neighbor may even be willing to assist with the costs of building such a wall. A．People hate strangers knowing their secrets. B．A living fence can be in the form of plant life. C．So there is a great deal of flexibility in its design. D．Then they can do some gardening around it to soften the view. E．There are some points to consider when you replace a privacy wall. F．Neighbors may be upset about a privacy wall built without consultation. G．They can both shelter your activities and screen the neighbors from view. 【答案】6．C 7．G 8．D 9．B 10．F 【导语】本文介绍了隐私墙的定义、作用，列举了传统围栏、植物活墙等常见类型，建议建造隐私墙前提前和邻居沟通。 【详解】6．根据上文“A privacy wall, as the name implies, is a barrier designed to provide privacy for a residence or business. The aim of a privacy wall is privacy, not necessarily security or others. Any barrier that meets the purpose can be loosely called a privacy wall.(隐私墙顾名思义，是一种用于为住宅或商业场所提供私密性的屏障。隐私墙的目的是保障隐私，而不仅仅是安全或其他功能。任何能够实现这一目的的屏障都可以被大致称为隐私墙)”可知，本句承接前文定义，说明隐私墙的特点。故C选项“它的设计有很大灵活性”符合语境。 7．根据上文“People with close neighbors often use privacy walls, because conflicts sometimes arise when your neighbors accidentally have a better view of your private life than you realize.(住在附近的人常常会使用隐私墙，因为有时邻居会意外地比你更清楚你的私生活，从而引发矛盾)”以及后文“Besides, they can also act as a sound baffle (隔音板).(此外，它们还可以起到隔音板的作用)”可知，第二段提到邻居易窥视私人生活引发矛盾，G选项说明隐私墙“既可以遮蔽你的活动，也把邻居挡出视线之外”符合上下文，引出后文隐私墙的隔音附加作用。 8．根据上文“Traditional fences from wood, metal, stone or concrete can all be used as privacy walls. One advantage of fences is that they secure animals and keep children safe. Of course, some people probably do not want to look at a fence.(传统的木制、金属、石制或混凝土围栏均可用作隐私墙。围栏的一个优点是能保护动物并确保儿童安全。当然，有些人可能并不想看到围栏)”可知，第三段提到有些人不喜欢光秃秃的围栏外观，本句给出解决方案以及作用，D选项“人们可以在周边做园艺柔化景观”承接后文“The decorated fence is also a beautiful sight.(装饰的围栏也是一道美丽的风景)”符合逻辑。 9．根据后文“Shrubs (灌木), trees and weeds can be planted to make a privacy wall. People can also mix fencing with plantings to create a privacy wall which will be visually interesting. Over time, a thick living wall can become as unclimbable as a more traditional wall, meeting security needs as well as helping address privacy concerns.(灌木、树木和杂草可以种植成隐私墙。人们也可以将围栏与植物结合，营造出视觉上富有吸引力的隐私墙。随着时间推移，茂密的垂直绿化墙可变得像传统墙体一样难以攀爬，既能满足安全需求，又能有效解决隐私问题)”可知，第四段围绕用植物打造隐私墙展开，B选项“活围栏可以以植物的形式呈现”引出下文内容，符合语境。 10．根据上文“While people are not required to consult their neighbors about whether to install a privacy wall, it is advisable to do so.(虽然人们无需向邻居咨询是否安装隐私墙，但建议这样做)”可知，第五段提到建议建造前咨询邻居，本句引出不咨询的后果，F选项“不经咨询建造隐私墙会让邻居不满”承接后文“This could lead to future interpersonal problems.(这会引发后续人际问题)”符合逻辑。 Passage 3 （2026·安徽·模拟预测）A lot of people tend to focus on how many hours of sleep they’re getting but ignore the quality of their sleep, which can be even more important than sleep time. “ 11 . They affect both the type of sleep and the quality of sleep that we’re getting. They are our sleep pressure and circadian (昼夜节律的) rhythms,” said Cunningham, an assistant professor of psychology at Harvard Medical School. Sleep pressure builds up the longer you’re awake and decreases while you’re asleep. 12 . To get a good night’s worth of sleep, you just get into bed when you’ve built up a lot of sleep pressure. Your circadian rhythm is your body’s internal clock. 13 . Although the pattern that your body follows is guided by your brain, external factors, such as light, can affect your circadian rhythm. For higher sleep quality, sleep pressure and your circadian rhythm should be working together. 14 . This disturbance ultimately lowers your sleep quality. “One way to improve sleep quality is to wake up at the same time every day, as it can be a little bit more impactful than going to bed at the same time every day. 15 ,” Cunningham said. Once you have a general sleep schedule or routine, then your body will naturally start to seek out its optimal sleep time. A．Don’t let the term fool you, though B．Two distinct things in our body govern our sleep C．It’s better to engage in some low-arousing activities D．You’re concerned about the amount of sleep you’re getting E．An irregular sleep schedule or sudden changes can disrupt your sleep F．Forcing yourself to go to bed when you aren’t yet sleepy isn’t always a good idea G．It’s what causes you to start feeling tired after being awake for an extended period 【答案】11．B 12．G 13．A 14．E 15．F 【导语】文章主要介绍影响睡眠质量的两大身体因素，解释其运作原理，并给出改善睡眠质量的有效方法。 【详解】11．下文“They affect both the type of sleep and the quality of sleep that we’re getting. They are our sleep pressure and circadian (昼夜节律的) rhythms(它们既影响我们的睡眠类型，也影响睡眠质量。它们就是我们的睡眠压力和昼夜节律)”出现代词They，并具体介绍两种影响睡眠的因素，B选项“Two distinct things in our body govern our sleep(我们体内有两种不同的机制支配着我们的睡眠)”引出下文的两种睡眠影响因素，代词对应。 12．上文“Sleep pressure builds up the longer you’re awake and decreases while you’re asleep.(你清醒的时间越长，睡眠压力就越大，睡眠时睡眠压力就会降低)”介绍了睡眠压力的基本原理，G选项“It’s what causes you to start feeling tired after being awake for an extended period(这就是你长时间保持清醒后会感到疲惫的原因)”承接上文，进一步解释睡眠压力带来的身体表现。 13．上文“Your circadian rhythm is your body’s internal clock.(你的昼夜节律是你身体的内部时钟)”引出昼夜节律的定义，下文“Although the pattern that your body follows is guided by your brain, external factors, such as light, can affect your circadian rhythm.(虽然身体遵循的作息模式由大脑主导，但光线等外界因素会影响你的昼夜节律)”介绍昼夜节律的影响因素，A选项“Don’t let the term fool you, though(不过，不要被这个术语误导)”过渡自然，引出昼夜节律并非完全固定、会受外界影响的特点，衔接上下文。 14．下文“This disturbance ultimately lowers your sleep quality(这种紊乱最终会降低你的睡眠质量)”出现指代紊乱的关键词，E选项“An irregular sleep schedule or sudden changes can disrupt your sleep(不规律的作息或突发变化会扰乱你的睡眠)”介绍造成睡眠紊乱的情况，与下文disturbance对应，逻辑通顺。 15．上文“One way to improve sleep quality is to wake up at the same time every day, as it can be a little bit more impactful than going to bed at the same time every day.(改善睡眠质量的一个方法是每天同一时间起床，这比每天同一时间睡觉效果更好)”介绍改善睡眠的方法，F选项“Forcing yourself to go to bed when you aren’t yet sleepy isn’t always a good idea(在不困的时候强迫自己睡觉并非总是好事)”承接上文，补充说明睡眠的正确方式，贴合专家观点。 Passage 4 （2026·重庆·模拟预测）Recently, a leisurely walking trend known as ColorWalk, also referred to as ColorHunting overseas, has gained immense popularity among young people on social media in China and around the world. 16 The rules are simple: before heading out, choose a color to focus on, then walk through the streets with the sole aim of spotting and capturing everything in that color. This simple act initiates a relaxing and healing journey. Many people find that this type of “purposeful walking” helps them temporarily escape mental conflicts and rediscover the small, beautiful moments in daily life. Ms. Kang, a participant, had long been troubled by anxiety due to overtime work. On her first ColorWalk, she chose green. During the 20-minute walk, she focused solely on finding green, and the tightness in her chest gradually faded. 17 When overwhelmed by studying, she went out in search of bright yellow and discovered sunsets, winter jasmine flowers, and warm yellow signs. She realized how many overlooked beauties were hidden on campus, and her mood immediately lifted. This simple task activates areas of the brain’s prefrontal cortex (前额叶) responsible for attention control and self-regulation. 18 In a world that is flooded with broken bits of information, mental exhaustion is common. ColorWalk offers overworked brains and emotions a brief opportunity to reset and recover. Observing colors is also a vital part of the healing process. Different colors, with their unique light wavelengths, arouse varied feelings in the nervous system. 19 That is why they are often used in hospitals and counseling rooms. Bright colors such as yellow and orange are energetic and help lift low moods. The goal is not to pick the “right” color but to slow down through walking and searching, noticing the beauty often missed. In busy, nonstop days, give yourself 20 minutes. Let go of all your troubles and focus solely on how you feel and the colors around you. 20 A．This, in itself, is a precious form of self-healing. B．Soft tones like blue and green quickly calm people. C．Other participants view it as an effective emotional outlet. D．The more colors you discover, the healthier you will be. E．ColorWalk requires no complicated preparation or specific destination. F．A college student used ColorWalk to deal with the stress of finals week. G．By actively choosing where to focus, people can step back from repetitive worries and stress. 【答案】16．E 17．F 18．G 19．B 20．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了色彩漫步风靡全球，介绍其玩法，列举实例并从生理、色彩原理说明该活动舒缓压力、治愈情绪的作用。 【详解】16．上文“Recently, a leisurely walking trend known as ColorWalk, also referred to as ColorHunting overseas, has gained immense popularity among young people on social media in China and around the world. (近来，一种叫色彩漫步的休闲徒步风潮在国内外年轻人的社交平台上火爆出圈)”引出色彩漫步这项活动，下文“The rules are simple: before heading out, choose a color to focus on, then walk through the streets with the sole aim of spotting and capturing everything in that color. (规则很简单：出发前选定一种颜色，沿街行走寻找并记录所有同色事物)”介绍活动规则，E选项“ColorWalk requires no complicated preparation or specific destination.(色彩漫步无需繁琐准备，也不用固定目的地)”承接上文介绍活动、引出下文简单规则，衔接自然。 17．上文“Ms. Kang, a participant, had long been troubled by anxiety due to overtime work. On her first ColorWalk, she chose green. During the 20-minute walk, she focused solely on finding green, and the tightness in her chest gradually faded. (参与者康女士长期被加班焦虑困扰。在她的第一次ColorWalk上，她选择了绿色。在20分钟的步行中，她只专注于寻找绿色，胸口的紧绷感逐渐消退)”列举上班族康女士的案例，下文“When overwhelmed by studying, she went out in search of bright yellow and discovered sunsets, winter jasmine flowers, and warm yellow signs. (学业压力大时，她出门寻找明黄色，邂逅落日、迎春花与黄色标牌)”出现学业压力相关内容，F选项“A college student used ColorWalk to deal with the stress of finals week.(一名大学生靠色彩漫步缓解期末周压力)”承接上班族事例，引出下文学生的事例。 18．上文“This simple task activates areas of the brain’s prefrontal cortex (前额叶) responsible for attention control and self-regulation. (这项简单活动能激活大脑前额叶管控注意力与自我调节的区域)”从大脑机理说明活动作用，下文“In a world that is flooded with broken bits of information, mental exhaustion is common. ColorWalk offers overworked brains and emotions a brief opportunity to reset and recover. (信息碎片化时代精神疲惫普遍，色彩漫步给疲惫的大脑与情绪休整的契机)”说明现实功效，G选项“By actively choosing where to focus, people can step back from repetitive worries and stress.(主动锁定关注目标，人们便能摆脱无休止的焦虑压力)”衔接大脑原理与实际减压效果。 19．上文“Different colors, with their unique light wavelengths, arouse varied feelings in the nervous system. (不同波长的色彩会给神经系统带来不一样的情绪感受)”总述色彩影响情绪，下文“That is why they are often used in hospitals and counseling rooms. Bright colors such as yellow and orange are energetic and help lift low moods. (这也是浅色系常用于医院与咨询室的原因；黄、橙等亮色振奋情绪、改善低落)”先讲柔和色用途、再讲亮色作用，B选项“Soft tones like blue and green quickly calm people.(蓝、绿等柔和色调能快速使人平复心绪)”介绍柔和色彩的情绪作用，贴合上下文。 20．上文“In busy, nonstop days, give yourself 20 minutes. Let go of all your troubles and focus solely on how you feel and the colors around you. (忙碌生活里留出二十分钟，放下烦恼，专注自身感受与身边色彩)”总结色彩漫步的做法，A选项“This, in itself, is a precious form of self-healing.(这件事本身就是珍贵的自我疗愈方式)”对前文做法进行总结升华。 Passage 5 （26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）Being a camp counselor (辅导员) is an exciting and important job! You help campers have a lot of fun, learn new things, and feel safe. To be great at it, you need the right skills and a positive attitude. These five tips will show you how to lead, listen, and create amazing memories for everyone at camp! Be enthusiastic in every activity. 21 Show enthusiasm to motivate the group, whether it’s an exciting outdoor activity or a quieter indoor craft session. Even during activities that can seem less exciting, like rainy-day games, your enthusiasm can transform the experience. Listen actively to your campers. Being a good listener is one of the most important features of a great camp counselor. 22 When they share their thoughts or feelings, give them your full attention, and respond thoughtfully. This builds trust and shows you care about them. Be open to trying new things. Campers often look up to their counselors as role models. 23 Be willing to try new activities, even if they’re outside your usual interests. Whether it’s attempting a climbing wall or joining a dance-off, your willingness inspires your campers to do the same. 24 Campers often come up with creative ideas or suggestions for activities. Instead of dismissing these ideas, take them seriously. Even when an idea doesn’t work out perfectly, the camper will feel valued knowing their input matters. Use positive language. The way you communicate with campers matters. Instead of focusing on what they mustn’t do, guide them with positive instructions. For example, instead of saying, “Don’t run,” say, “Please walk.” 25 A．Encourage camper ideas. B．Always be patient when resolving conflicts. C．Campers want to feel heard and understood. D．By doing so, your instructions are easier to remember. E．This slight change makes them more likely to cooperate. F．Your energy and excitement set the tone for your campers. G．To encourage them to step out of their comfort zones, you need to do the same. 【答案】21．F 22．C 23．G 24．A 25．E 【导语】文章主要针对营地辅导员工作给出五条建议，包括在各项活动中保持热情、积极倾听营员、乐于尝试新事物、鼓励营员提出想法以及使用积极语言，以帮助辅导员更好地开展工作，为营员创造美好回忆。 【详解】21．上文“Be enthusiastic in every activity.(在每项活动中都要充满热情)”强调了热情的重要性，F选项“Your energy and excitement set the tone for your campers.(你的活力和兴奋为营员们定下基调)”进一步阐述热情带来的影响，energy and excitement与上文enthusiastic相呼应。 22．上文“Listen actively to your campers. Being a good listener is one of the most important features of a great camp counselor.(积极倾听你的营员。成为一个好的倾听者是优秀营地辅导员最重要的特质之一)”表明倾听的重要性，C选项“Campers want to feel heard and understood.(营员们希望被倾听和理解)”解释了积极倾听的原因，与上文话题紧密相关。 23．上文“Campers often look up to their counselors as role models.(营员们经常把他们的辅导员视为榜样)”说明辅导员是营员的榜样，G选项“To encourage them to step out of their comfort zones, you need to do the same.(为了鼓励他们走出舒适区，你也需要这样做)”承接上文，指出辅导员应以身作则走出舒适区，以鼓励营员，you need to do the same与上文 role models呼应。 24．设空处为段落小标题，需概括本段内容。下文“Campers often come up with creative ideas or suggestions for activities. Instead of dismissing these ideas, take them seriously. Even when an idea doesn’t work out perfectly, the camper will feel valued knowing their input matters.(营员们经常会为活动想出有创意的想法或建议。不要忽视这些想法，要认真对待。即使一个想法不能完美奏效，营员知道他们的意见有价值也会感到被重视)”主要讲述要重视营员的想法，A选项“Encourage camper ideas.(鼓励营员的想法)”概括了本段主旨，作为小标题合适。 25．上文“Use positive language. The way you communicate with campers matters. Instead of focusing on what they mustn’t do, guide them with positive instructions. For example, instead of saying, “Don’t run,” say, “Please walk.”(使用积极的语言。你与营员交流的方式很重要。不要专注于他们不能做什么，而是用积极的指令引导他们。例如，不要说“不要跑”，而是说“请走”)”阐述使用积极语言的沟通方式，E选项“This slight change makes them more likely to cooperate.(这种细微的改变使他们更有可能合作)”说明这种积极语言沟通带来的结果，与上文衔接紧密。 Passage 6 （26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）Louv, the author of the bestsellers Last Child in the Woods (2005) and The Nature Principle (2011), coined the term “nature-deficit disorder” to describe the loss of connection children increasingly feel with the natural world. 26 It is merely a descriptive expression reflecting a loss of communication with other living things. Nevertheless, he argues, nature-deficit disorder affects “health, spiritual well-being and community life.” A growing body of research supports Louv’s view. 27 They also score higher on tests of creativity and problem-solving. “Nature is not a luxury,” Louv says. “It’s a necessity.” 28 Many children today grow up in neighborhoods without safe green spaces, and screen time has replaced unstructured outdoor play. “We’re raising a generation that’s more familiar with virtual worlds than real forests,” Louv says. The consequences extend beyond individual health. Children who lack exposure to nature are less likely to develop environmental awareness or adopt sustainable habits as adults. 29 Transforming the trend requires collective action. 30 “The solution is simple,” Louv says. “Get kids outside.” A．This disconnection threatens future conservation efforts. B．It refers to the physical illness caused by lack of exposure to nature. C．The concept does not belong to formal medical diagnostic illnesses. D．Urbanization and digital media are the primary drivers of this disconnection. E．Children with higher creativity tend to spend more time outdoors voluntarily. F．Children spending more time outdoors have lower rates of obesity, depression and attention disorders. G．Schools, families and cities can cooperate to prioritize outdoor time and create accessible natural spaces. 【答案】26．C 27．F 28．D 29．A 30．G 【导语】文章主要讲述了儿童与自然脱节的影响及应对方法。 【详解】26．由上文“Louv, the author of the bestsellers Last Child in the Woods (2005) and The Nature Principle (2011), coined the term “nature-deficit disorder” to describe the loss of connection children increasingly feel with the natural world.(畅销书《林间最后的小孩》和《自然法则》的作者卢夫创造了“自然缺失症”一词，用以描述儿童与自然世界日渐脱节的现象。)”及下文“It is merely a descriptive expression reflecting a loss of communication with other living things.(它仅仅是一种描述性表述，体现了人与其他生物之间沟通的缺失。)”可知，上文引出“自然缺失症”这一概念，下文强调该词汇只是单纯的描述性表达，并非专业病症，空白处需要衔接上下文，应解释这个术语的性质。C选项“这个概念不属于正式的医学确诊病症。”能够承上启下，符合题意。 27．由下文“They also score higher on tests of creativity and problem-solving.(他们在创造力和问题解决能力测试中也能取得更高的分数。)”可知，下文出现连词also，表示并列递进关系，说明空白处需要填入亲近自然给儿童带来的益处，与后文的创造力、思维能力优势形成并列。F选项“经常进行户外活动的儿童肥胖、抑郁和注意力障碍的发生率更低。”介绍了户外活动对儿童身体健康的积极作用，与后文益处呼应，贴合语境。 28．由下文“Many children today grow up in neighborhoods without safe green spaces, and screen time has replaced unstructured outdoor play.(如今许多儿童成长的社区没有安全的绿地空间，电子产品使用时间取代了自由的户外玩耍时间。)”可知，后文具体阐述了儿童与自然脱节的两大现实原因，空白处需要总领本段内容，概括造成自然缺失现象的核心诱因。D选项“城市化和数字媒体是造成这种脱节现象的主要原因。”精准引领下文内容，符合文意。 29．由上文“The consequences extend beyond individual health. Children who lack exposure to nature are less likely to develop environmental awareness or adopt sustainable habits as adults.(其后果不仅局限于个人健康层面。缺少自然接触的儿童，成年后很难树立环保意识，也难以养成可持续的生活习惯。)”可知，上文阐述了自然缺失对个人的长远负面影响，空白处需要承接上文，进一步延伸该现象带来的深层危害。A选项“这种人与自然的脱节会威胁未来的生态保护工作。”承接上文的个体危害，延伸到社会生态层面的影响，符合语境。 30．由上文“Transforming the trend requires collective action.(扭转这一趋势需要全社会的共同行动。)”及下文““The solution is simple,” Louv says. “Get kids outside.(卢夫表示：解决办法很简单，让孩子们走进户外。)”可知，上文提出需要集体协作改善现状，下文给出核心解决思路，空白处需要具体说明多方主体的具体行动方式。G选项“学校、家庭和城市可以协同合作，优先保障儿童的户外活动时间，打造便捷可及的自然空间。”承接上文的集体行动理念，呼应下文的解决办法，承上启下，契合段落逻辑。 Passage 7 （2026·湖南长沙·三模）The advent of high-tech era is still based on the development of human ability to use tools. 31 . The positive aspects of these abilities were dug out by human survival instinct, while the negative ones were ignored because they were insignificant. When organized civilization began to appear on the earth, people began to make vehicles. 32 . On the contrary, they made the burden of slaves heavier and increased the possibility of civilian uprising. During the alternation period between the Middle Ages and the modern world from the 17th to the 19th centuries, when the industrial revolution was flourishing, there were many great inventions in the hands of human beings, such as the steam engine and many factories. 33 . The positive side provided a solid foundation for scientific exploration, greatly enhanced the power, and greatly enhanced the carrying capacity. The negative side is that the environmental pollution is greatly aggravated. In the 20th century, mankind began to use nuclear energy, and the advantages gained from the 17th to 19th centuries continued to grow substantially. 34 . But at the same time, the negative effects were also increasing secretly. The leakage of nuclear energy makes the economy of some countries face collapse (such as Japan), and as long as a terrorist has mastered the code for launching a nuclear bomb, human life in the world will be at stake. In the 21st century, the positive and negative aspects brought about by nuclear deterrence have stabilized and stopped growing. 35 . But the disadvantages are inevitable. For example, the Internet makes many netizens addicted to the Internet, the network crime is rampant, and the development of artificial intelligence to a certain extent may produce self-consciousness, and it is possible to resist human beings with its high intelligence. As for the follow-up, we can only see how human beings decide their own direction. A．From ancient times, human beings began to learn to use stone axes to cut down trees and drill wood for fire. B．In addition, nuclear deterrence stabilized the world situation, especially with the coming of the next World War. C．The positive and negative aspects increased in proportion. D．On the positive side, they mainly enhanced the carrying capacity and had more functions. E．We should treat the rapid development of science and technology with correct eyes. F．However, the Internet, artificial intelligence, new energy development and other emerging fields have greatly benefited mankind. G．So we should resist the bad factors to promote the further development of science and technology. 【答案】31．A 32．D 33．C 34．B 35．F 【导语】文章讲述了科技发展的历史，说明高科技时代的到来仍然是基于人类使用工具能力的发展，并阐述了不同阶段科技发展的优缺点。 【详解】31．根据前文“The advent of high-tech era is still based on the development of human ability to use tools. (高科技时代的来临，仍然建立在人类使用工具能力的发展之上)”可知，人类有使用工具的能力。且下文“The positive aspects of these abilities were dug out by human survival instinct, while the negative ones were ignored because they were insignificant. (这些能力的积极方面被人类的生存本能挖掘出来，而消极方面则因为微不足道而被忽视)”中的“these abilities”与人类的生存本能有关。A选项“From ancient times, human beings began to learn to use stone axes to cut down trees and drill wood for fire. (自古以来，人类就开始学习使用石斧砍伐树木、钻木取火)”中的“use stone axes to cut down trees and drill wood for fire”对应下文中的these abilities，且与前文的“human ability to use tools”呼应。 32．根据前文“When organized civilization began to appear on the earth, people began to make vehicles. (当有组织的文明开始在地球上出现时，人们开始制造交通工具)”可知，随着文明社会的兴起，人们开始制造交通工具。下文“On the contrary, they made the burden of slaves heavier and increased the possibility of civilian uprising. (相反，它们加重了奴隶的负担，增加了平民起义的可能性)”说明的是制造交通工具的负面影响，由此推测空处应是积极的方面。D选项“On the positive side, they mainly enhanced the carrying capacity and had more functions. (从积极方面来看，它们主要增强了运载能力，并且具备了更多功能)”说明了交通工具的积极作用，与下文的负面影响相呼应。 33．根据上文“During the alternation period between the Middle Ages and the modern world from the 17th to the 19th centuries, when the industrial revolution was flourishing, there were many great inventions in the hands of human beings, such as the steam engine and many factories. (在17世纪至19世纪这一中世纪与现代世界交替的时期，工业革命蓬勃发展，人类手中涌现出许多伟大发明，例如蒸汽机和众多工厂)”可知，17至19世纪有许多发明。又根据下文“The positive side provided a solid foundation for scientific exploration, greatly enhanced the power, and greatly enhanced the carrying capacity. The negative side is that the environmental pollution is greatly aggravated. (积极的一面为科学探索提供了坚实的基础，大大增强了动力，大大增强了承载能力。消极的一面是环境污染大大加剧了)”可知，这些发明的积极作用和消极作用都提高了，因此空处应承上启下。C选项“The positive and negative aspects increased in proportion. (积极方面和消极方面按比例增长)”引出下文的积极方面和消极方面，概括了这一时期科技发展的特征，符合语境。 34．上文“In the 20th century, mankind began to use nuclear energy, and the advantages gained from the 17th to 19th centuries continued to grow substantially. (20世纪，人类开始使用核能，17世纪到19世纪的优势继续大幅增长)”提到了核能的出现以及优势大幅度增加。下文“But at the same time, the negative effects were also increasing secretly. (但与此同时，消极影响也在暗中增加)”通过转折引出核能的消极影响。B选项“In addition, nuclear deterrence stabilized the world situation, especially with the coming of the next World War. (此外，尤其是随着下一次世界大战的临近，核威慑稳定了世界局势)”中的“In addition”与上文构成递进关系，继续说明核能的益处，并与下文形成转折。 35．下文“But the disadvantages are inevitable. For example, the Internet makes many netizens addicted to the Internet, the network crime is rampant, and the development of artificial intelligence to a certain extent may produce self-consciousness, and it is possible to resist human beings with its high intelligence. (但缺点是不可避免的。例如，互联网使许多网民沉迷于网络，网络犯罪猖獗，人工智能的发展在一定程度上可能产生自我意识，有可能以其高智能来抵抗人类)”说明了互联网带来的不利之处。由“But”表转折可推断，空处应说明互联网、人工智能等的积极影响。F选项“However, the Internet, artificial intelligence, new energy development and other emerging fields have greatly benefited mankind. (然而，互联网、人工智能、新能源开发等新兴领域给人类带来了巨大的利益)”将话题转向互联网、人工智能和新能源，并与下文构成转折关系，符合语境。 Passage 8 （2026高三·全国·专题练习）The Brain Perceives Unexpected Pain More Strongly Pain perception (感知) can vary significantly between individuals and even within the same person across different situations. In some cases, an injury or physical illness may lead to stronger pain than expected, while similar injuries at other times may result in much milder pain. This difference suggests that pain perception is not entirely determined by the physical injury itself. 36 To explain this phenomenon, a new study has introduced two main assumptions. One is the Estimate Hypothesis (假说), which suggests that the brain estimates the intensity of pain based on predictions it makes about the injury. The other is the Surprise Hypothesis, which argues that the brain feels pain as the difference between what it expects and what actually occurred. This difference, also known as the prediction gap, plays a key role in shaping how pain is experienced. 37 Healthy participants were subjected to painful hot-based stimuli (刺激), while observing visual signals in a virtual reality setting. These signals were either associated with painful or non-painful experiences. Participants were then asked to report their pain intensity. 38 This phenomenon occurs when the actual pain is much stronger than the brain’s expectations. Their findings suggest that the brain strengthens pain perception when there is a substantial difference between anticipated and actual pain levels. 39 It provides a more accurate framework for understanding how the brain processes pain. The study supported the idea that the difference between expectation and reality causes pain to feel worse. Individuals with persistent pain often experience uncertain fears and anxieties about their condition. This mismatch between their expectations and the actual experience of pain can further strengthen how strongly they perceive the pain. 40 Gaining deeper insights into how the brain processes pain could also contribute to the development of more effective treatments, ultimately improving recovery from persistent pain. A．This evidence supports the Surprise Hypothesis. B．It is also strongly influenced by individual expectations. C．In this study, how the brain perceives pain was examined. D．In contrast, the gap will determine the intensity of the pain one feels. E．Researchers found pain perception becomes more intense as the prediction gap widens. F．The findings highlight the importance of psychological factors in pain management. G．Narrowing this gap between expectation and reality may play a key role in reducing pain. 【答案】36．B 37．C 38．E 39．A 40．G 【导语】文章主要介绍了一项关于疼痛感知的新研究，提出了两种假说，并通过实验验证了“惊讶假说”——当实际疼痛与预期差距较大时，大脑会加强疼痛感知。 【详解】36．上文“This difference suggests that pain perception is not entirely determined by the physical injury itself.(这种差异表明，疼痛感知并非完全由身体损伤本身决定)”指出疼痛感知还与损伤之外的其他因素有关，B选项“It is also strongly influenced by individual expectations.(它还受到个人预期的强烈影响)”承接上文，具体说明了影响疼痛感知的其他因素——个人预期；文章下文介绍了两种假说，其中“预期”是核心概念，与B选项中的“expectations”直接呼应。 37．上文“This difference, also known as the prediction gap, plays a key role in shaping how pain is experienced.(这种差异，也被称为预测差距，在塑造疼痛体验方面起着关键作用)”介绍了“预测差距”这一核心概念，C选项“In this study, how the brain perceives pain was examined.(在这项研究中，大脑如何感知疼痛被进行了检验)”承接上文，指出为了探究预测差距如何影响疼痛感知，研究人员进行了相关实验；下文“Healthy participants were subjected to painful hot-based stimuli (刺激), while observing visual signals in a virtual reality setting.(健康的参与者在虚拟现实环境中观察视觉信号的同时，接受了痛苦的加热刺激)”具体描述了实验的操作方法，与C选项中的“examined”形成呼应，上下文语意连贯。 38．上文描述了实验方法，下文“This phenomenon occurs when the actual pain is much stronger than the brain’s expectations.(这种现象发生在实际疼痛远强于大脑预期时)”中的“This phenomenon”提示设空处应介绍这一现象。E选项“Researchers found pain perception becomes more intense as the prediction gap widens.(研究人员发现，随着预测差距的扩大，疼痛感知变得更强)”承接上文，介绍了实验的主要发现——预测差距越大，疼痛感知越强；下文中的“This phenomenon”指代E选项中所描述的现象，上下文语意连贯。 39．上文“Their findings suggest that the brain strengthens pain perception when there is a substantial difference between anticipated and actual pain levels.(他们的发现表明，当预期疼痛水平和实际疼痛水平之间存在显著差异时，大脑会加强疼痛感知)”总结了实验发现，A选项“This evidence supports the Surprise Hypothesis.(这一证据支持了“惊讶假说”)”承接上文，指出实验结果与惊讶假说相印证；下文“It provides a more accurate framework for understanding how the brain processes pain.(它为理解大脑如何处理疼痛提供了一个更准确的框架)”中的“It”指代A选项中的“Surprise Hypothesis”，说明这一假说的价值，上下文语意连贯。 40．上文“This mismatch between their expectations and the actual experience of pain can further strengthen how strongly they perceive the pain.(他们预期与实际疼痛体验之间的这种不匹配会进一步加强他们对疼痛的感知)”指出预期与实际不匹配会加剧疼痛感，G选项“Narrowing this gap between expectation and reality may play a key role in reducing pain.(缩小预期与现实之间的差距可能在减轻疼痛方面起关键作用)”承接上文，提出相反的解决思路——缩小差距有助于减轻疼痛；下文“Gaining deeper insights into how the brain processes pain could also contribute to the development of more effective treatments, ultimately improving recovery from persistent pain.(深入了解大脑如何处理疼痛的过程，还有助于开发出更有效的治疗方法，从而最终促进慢性疼痛的康复)”进一步说明研究疼痛机制对治疗的意义，与G选项中的“reducing pain”相呼应。 Passage 9 （26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）Every living thing depends on the ocean. So when we hear the ocean is in trouble from the effects of overfishing, climate change, and pollution, it’s easy to feel powerless. 41 But there are plenty of measures you can take that will make a big difference to the ocean. 42 ​​​​​​​ The more you learn about the ocean, the better prepared you’ll be to inspire change and help others do the same. Thankfully, there are many ways to educate yourself about the ocean and the challenges it faces, from books and documentaries to websites, museums, art exhibits, and more. Check the label. Help keep fisheries healthy by choosing sustainable seafood when you go to the grocery store or dine out. 43 Look for the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) and Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) labels. Their blue and green fish logos on your seafood ensure your fish can be traced back to sustainably-managed fisheries and farms. Reduce your carbon emissions. 44 That can lead to warmer waters, which can affect where fish swim, bleach (漂白) coral reefs, speed up the sea-level rise, and change weather events on land. Decrease the effects of climate change on the ocean by cutting your carbon footprint at home: turn off lights when you’re not using them, walk or ride your bike to work, and demand renewable energy options in your community. Travel smarter. Consider booking your next trip through a responsible travel company that’s committed to protecting wildlife and using guides who are aware of rules and best practices. Once you arrive at your destination, be respectful of marine life and habitats. And be careful about your purchases. 45 A．Increase your ocean IQ. B．Skip the single-use plastics. C．What should be done to travel responsibly? D．What’s the easiest way to make sure your seafood is sustainable? E．Many of these issues will require leadership from governments and businesses. F．In the last decades, the ocean has absorbed 90% of the extra heat created by burning fossil fuels. G．Purchasing items like shark products damages delicate ecosystems and threatens endangered species. 【答案】41．E 42．A 43．D 44．F 45．G 【导语】文章主要介绍个人如何通过学习、消费选择、减碳及负责任旅行来保护海洋生态。 【详解】41．上文“So when we hear the ocean is in trouble from the effects of overfishing, climate change, and pollution, it’s easy to feel powerless.(因此，当我们听说海洋正遭受过度捕捞、气候变化和污染的影响而陷入困境时，我们很容易感到无力)”表达了面对海洋危机时的无助感。空后“But there are plenty of measures you can take that will make a big difference to the ocean.(但是你可以采取很多措施来对海洋产生重大影响)”转而强调个人行动的力量。空处应与前文衔接，承认问题的严重性。选项E“Many of these issues will require leadership from governments and businesses.(许多此类问题需要政府和企业的领导)”承接上文，说明宏观层面的困难，与后文的个人行动形成转折，符合语境。 42．空处为段落小标题。根据下文“The more you learn about the ocean, the better prepared you’ll be to inspire change and help others do the same.(你对海洋了解得越多，你就越能准备好激发变革并帮助他人也同样做)”可知，本段主要讲通过学习增加对海洋的了解。选项A“Increase your ocean IQ.(提高你的海洋智商)”概括了本段主旨，符合语境。 43．上文“Help keep fisheries healthy by choosing sustainable seafood when you go to the grocery store or dine out.(在杂货店购物或外出就餐时，选择可持续的海鲜，以帮助保持渔业的可持续发展)”提出了选择可持续海鲜的建议。空后“Look for the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) and Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) labels.(寻找海洋管理委员会（MSC）和水产养殖管理委员会（ASC）的标签)”给出了具体的识别方法。空处应起到承上启下的作用，引出如何确保海鲜的可持续性。选项D“What’s the easiest way to make sure your seafood is sustainable?(确保海鲜可持续的最简单方法是什么？)”通过设问引出后文的标签识别法，符合语境。 44．下文“That can lead to warmer waters, which can affect where fish swim, bleach (漂白) coral reefs, speed up the sea-level rise, and change weather events on land.(这可能导致水温升高，进而影响鱼类的洄游路线、使珊瑚礁白化、加速海平面上升并改变陆地上的天气事件)”中的“That”指代前文提到的现象。选项F“In the last decades, the ocean has absorbed 90% of the extra heat created by burning fossil fuels.(在过去的几十年里，海洋吸收了燃烧化石燃料产生的90%的多余热量)”正是导致水温升高的直接原因，与后文构成因果关系，符合语境。 45．上文“And be careful about your purchases.(并且要谨慎购买)”提示本句应具体说明购买行为对海洋的影响。选项G“Purchasing items like shark products damages delicate ecosystems and threatens endangered species.(购买鲨鱼制品等物品会破坏脆弱的生态系统并威胁濒危物种)”是对谨慎购物的具体解释，符合语境。 Passage 10 （2026·陕西渭南·三模）Foraging (觅食), or looking in nature for wild food sources, never went away completely. Nowadays, it can be a fun hobby. Edible (可食用的) plants grow in surprising abundance around you. However, you cannot simply walk into the place, grab a handful of greens, and start eating. 46 If you are interested in foraging, the most important rule above all others is to find an experienced forager who can guide you. 47 These include wild onion, wild garlic, brambles and the list goes on. You will also learn the following rules that even the most experienced foragers are sure to follow. 48 Public lands, such as parks or forests, are normally fine. If the place is privately owned, you need to get permission first to forage there. Also, be sure to avoid places where chemicals are sprayed to kill pests or weeds. Don’t damage the landscape. When you do find a patch of edible plants, be sure to take only what you need. If you gather everything, then the plant will not have a chance to grow back. Know which plants are poisonous. Although the number of plants that are poisonous enough to be fatal is small, it takes only one mistake. Many foraging field guides are available. 49 : You will also want to bring a basket or other container, tools for cutting or digging, and a well-stocked first aid kit. Once a forager gets home with his or her bounty, it’s time to prepare the meal. 50 Some wild edibles taste best raw, while others should be cooked. Cookbooks that focus on recipes for wild foods are a great place to start. A．Respect the wild places you visit. B．Again, experience makes a difference. C．Modern-day foragers know how risky that can be. D．Foraging is the primary way for one to get the meal. E．Make sure you are allowed to forage wherever it is you choose to go. F．Bringing one with you when you head into the wild can help clarify any doubts. G．They will help you identify some of the most common edible plants you will discover on an outing. 【答案】46．C 47．G 48．E 49．F 50．B 【导语】文章介绍野外觅食这项爱好，讲解入门要点与多项安全准则，同时提及野外食材的后续处理方式。 【详解】46．由上文“However, you cannot simply walk into the place, grab a handful of greens, and start eating.(但你不能直接走进野外，随手采摘一把野菜就食用。)”可知，此处说明随意采食存在危险。C项“Modern-day foragers know how risky that can be.(如今的觅食者清楚这样做存在风险。)”符合语境，承接上文内容，其中that指代前文随意采食的动作。 47．由上文“If you are interested in foraging, the most important rule above all others is to find an experienced forager who can guide you.(若你对野外采食感兴趣，首要准则就是找经验丰富的行家带队指引。)”可知，空格处说明向导带来的帮助。G项“They will help you identify some of the most common edible plants you will discover on an outing.(他们能帮你辨识出游时常见的可食用植物。)”符合语境，其中They指代上文有经验的寻觅人，有承上作用。 48．由下文“Public lands, such as parks or forests, are normally fine. If the place is privately owned, you need to get permission first to forage there.(公园、森林等公共区域通常可以采摘。若是私人领地，需先征得许可方可采摘。)”可知，本段围绕觅食场地权限展开。E项“Make sure you are allowed to forage wherever it is you choose to go.(无论去往何处，务必确认该地允许野外采食。)”符合语境，总领段落主旨。 49．由上文“Many foraging field guides are available.(有不少野外觅食指南书籍可供使用。)”可知，空格处说明指南的用处。F项“Bringing one with you when you head into the wild can help clarify any doubts.(野外出行带上一本，能够帮你解答疑惑。)”符合语境，one指代上文foraging field guides，有承上作用。 50．由下文“Some wild edibles taste best raw, while others should be cooked.(部分野生食材生食风味最佳，另一些则需烹煮后食用。)”可知，处理食材依靠经验判断。B项“Again, experience makes a difference.(这时经验又起到关键作用。)”符合语境，衔接食材处理相关内容，有启下作用。 试卷第1页，共3页 2 / 44 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题13 阅读理解七选五、六选四、阅读表达 （全国通用） 考点分类 五年考情（2024-2026） 命题趋势 考点1 人与自我类 （5年7考） 2026年全国二卷--从小培养孩子劳动品质； 2026浙江1月卷--克服阅读回读坏习惯； 2025全国一卷--咖啡馆员工是平凡英雄； 2025北京卷--社会在培养成年人方面责任； 2024新课标I卷—使用英语词典体验； 2024九省联考卷-初跑者常犯错误； 2024北京卷--线上课程学习建议。 1.七选五的语篇类型以说明文为主，议论文和记叙文为辅。 2.主题语境在“人与社会”、“人与自我”为主。词数一般为280-300词左右。题材贴近学生生活，主要考查学生的文意重建和逻辑思维能力。 3.设空位置以段中句为主，占2-3空；兼顾段首句和段尾句。 4.做题应注意根据挖空位置、前后逻辑关系、词语复现、代词呼应等方面做出判断。 5.从文本特征、主旨大意、句际逻辑、语篇含义、作者观点等帮助学生逐步树立语篇意识，把握语篇结构，感悟作者情感态度和价值取向。从语篇微观和宏观两个角度，进一步提升理解语篇意义的能力。 考点2 人与社会类 （5年4考） 2026年全国一卷--AI 重塑博物馆体验； 2025全国二卷--家庭参与志愿活动好处； 2025浙江1月卷—有效沟通的方式； 2025八省联考卷--大学艺术博物馆之友。 考点3 人与自然类 （5年1） 2024新课标II卷—如何避免过度旅游。 Passage 1 （2026·全国一卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中迭出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Museums, once quiet places filled with history, are now full of digital excitement. By using machine learning and advanced algorithms(算法), these institutions are creating personalized visitor journeys, protecting delicate collections, and revealing hidden stories. 36 AI transforms a standard museum trip into a personalized and interactive adventure. Smart recommendation engines analyze data such as exhibit popularity and visitors' past behavior to suggest specific exhibits and events, making each visit unique and surprising. 37 These digital assistants engage visitors in dynamic conversations and offer context-sensitive insights that deepen understanding and satisfy curiosity. Beyond visitor interaction, AI plays a crucial role in preserving priceless artworks. Since the exhibits in museums sustain natural decay(破损)over time, early detection is vital. AI can help identify the slightest signs of decay, such as cracks or discoloration, which are often invisible to the human eye. 38 Moreover, by predicting future decay patterns, AI helps museums take preventive measures and improve preservation strategies. AI also significantly enhances the educational value of museums, particularly for children and families. 39 For instance, interactive exhibits powered by AI can adjust their content and difficulty level based on the user's preferences and responses. This adaptability ensures that complex historical concepts become accessible and engaging for young minds. Looking ahead, the rapid advancement of AI promises both exciting possibilities and ethical(伦理的) challenges. Museums are working together with AI ethicists to develop fair algorithms. 40 Strict policies should be established to protect visitors' information. A. This capability allows for timely restoration. B. Visitor data collection also raises privacy issues. C. In short, AI is redefining the museum in all respects. D. It tailors learning experiences to different age groups and learning styles. E. Museums are not only places to store artworks, but also spaces for learning. F. Furthermore, AI-powered virtual guides are replacing traditional tour guides. G. AI is changing this by using image recognition technology to analyze exhibits. Passage 2 （2026·全国一卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Ways to Teach Kids Work Ethic Early Ever watched your child try to get out of doing housework by making excuses? If only the effort they put into avoiding responsibility could be redirected into, well, actual responsibility. In fact, building work ethic (道德) in kids doesn’t require military-style drills. Here are four simple and practical ways. ●Make housework part of the family routine. Involve your child in the daily running of the house: tidying toys, feeding the dog, watering the plants. 36 When the tasks become as routine as brushing teeth, kids internalise that helping with housework is simply part of life. ● 37 You can’t expect your child to tackle their tasks with enthusiasm while you’re complaining about loading the dishwasher. If your child sees you enjoying your work and taking pride in a job well done, they’re far more likely to do the same. ●Build determination through goals. 38 Sometimes you have to help them find their “thing.” Set small, achievable goals together with them and celebrate progress, not perfection. The trick is to let them struggle a bit — resist the urge to help fix things the moment they experience a setback. ●Treat mistakes as opportunities. Few things strike fear into a child’s heart like the prospect of failing. The best way is to normalise mistakes as a natural part of learning. When kids mess up, don’t jump in with a rescue mission. 39 Teaching kids work ethic is to gently and consistently push them toward responsibility, determination, and pride in their efforts. 40 No worry. Those habits you’re building now are setting your child up for a lifetime of resilience (韧性) and satisfaction. A. The key is consistency. B. Help kids develop analytical skills. C. Model the work ethic you want to see. D. Instead, encourage them to do differently next time. E. Sometimes, a cleaner living room is the best reward. F. Progress can be slow, and you’ll wonder if it’s all sinking in. G. Not every child is born with the willpower of a marathon runner. Passage 3 （2026·浙江1月卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 During your initial reading of material, do you ever go back and reread sentences or paragraphs? Is it because the material is too difficult to comprehend on the first reading or because you are asleep? 36 You are napping (打盹) or daydreaming. Halfway down the page you realize that you have no idea what you have read. 37 Thus, you go back and reread, not because you did not understand, but because you were not paying attention. This type of rereading is called regression. Napping and daydreaming are habits caused by lack of involvement with the material. Be demanding on yourself and expect 100 percent attention to the task. Engage your mind. Visualize the incoming ideas, and relate the new material to what you already know. 38 If your mind is truly occupied with the text, you will not be able to think about Friday night or where to go on Saturday. Regression is a crutch (拐杖) that allows you to make up for wasted time. First of all, become aware of when and why you are regressing. 39 Say, “OK. I missed that paragraph because I was thinking of something else, but I’m going to keep on going and start paying close attention.” 40 Good readers who monitor their own comprehension use it in the reading process. However, regressing because your mind was asleep is a waste of time. A. Both are to blame. B. Probably the latter is true. C. Don’t just read the words; think the ideas. D. Spend a few minutes reading the material aloud. E. Your eyes were engaged, but your mind was not. F. Then, start denying yourself the right in order to break the habit. G. Rereading because you did not understand is a reasonable fix-up strategy. Passage 1 （2025·全国一卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 An Unsung Hero Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and more. 36 Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. 37 As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. 38 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve. One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. 39 “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. “I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said. 40 She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B. She has two children aged eight and four. C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. Passage 2 （2025·全国二卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? 36 You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family. ●You’ll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 37 ●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. 38 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. ● 39 Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come. ●You’ll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. 40 Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work. A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before. G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. Passage 3 （2026·浙江1月卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much. 36 There’s no value in delivering any kind of communication, whether written, spoken, formal, or informal, if the message doesn’t come across clearly. Being clear and brief – while maintaining interest and including everything your listeners need to know – is a high-level communication skill. Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more effectively. ●Keep your audience in mind. Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests. 37 This will engage their desire to understand and interact with the information. ●Don’t use ten words when one will do. Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. 38 However, they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple. ● 39 If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others. Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills. ●Consider the best method to deliver your message. If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions. 40 Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort. A. Be patient. B. Get the audience involved. C. The best messages are often simple. D. Speak directly to what matters to them. E. You may be surprised by what your listeners offer. F. It will also give them a handy record to refer back to. G. As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say. Passage 4 （2026·北京卷）根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 What is adulthood? Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed, because it identifies a point in the life cycle. As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. 35 But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. 36 If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. 37 You’re self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are. And you know who you are within all this. So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. 38 We are a social species, so this is important. While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. 39 A. It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. B. They talk about someone’s inability to support themselves through work. C. It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. D. In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. E. They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. F. You feel like an 18-year old, especially when playing 80s music. G. When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. Passage 1 （2024·新课标I卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 37 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 38 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 39 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work,” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. 40 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don’t often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don’t want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information. Passage 2 （2024·新课标II卷）阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 36 Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 37 ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. 38 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights? ● 39 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. 40 You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. A. Visit during off-peak times. B. So, should we stop traveling? C. Travel for you and no one else. D. Can overtourism be avoided then? E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. Passage 3 （2024·浙江1月卷）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. 36 But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? 37 We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 38 “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going. The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. 39 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards. 40 A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts. A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B. Your motivation should be your main concern. C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. Passage 4 （2024·全国甲卷）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 36 But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. 37 It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. 38 Control emotional (情绪的) eating. 39 Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings. 40 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A. Eat properly throughout the day. B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. Passage 4 （2024·北京卷）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. 36 But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? 37 We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 38 “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going. The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. 39 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards. 40 A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts. A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B. Your motivation should be your main concern. C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. Passage 1 （2026·河南南阳·三模）Within the scientific community, dreams are still something of a mystery. However, improvements in brain imaging and recent physiological studies have brought us one step closer to answering the question of why some people remember their dreams more than others. 1 Gender 2 Researchers arent exactly sure why, but Barrett says it could be a biological or hormonal difference. Barrett notes that differences between men and women in regard to dream recall are“modest” and that there are greater differences within each gender than between the genders. Age As we get older, it often gets harder to recall our dreams. Your ability to remember dreams improves in late childhood and adolescence, and tends to peak in your twenties, Barrett says 3 However, there are exceptions,and people sometimes experience the opposite. Amount of sleep The amount of sleep one gets is one of the most important factors. 4 However, those rapid eye movement periods get longer throughout the night, meaning that you’re doing the most dreaming toward the morning generally right before you wake up. Brain activity Thanks to brain imaging, scientists now have a better idea of which parts of the brain are associated with dreaming. A part of the brain that processes information and emotions is more active in people who remember their dreams more often. 5 In turn, this may promote something called intrasleep (睡眠期间) wakefulness. If you don’t remember anything, Barrett says it's still helpful to assess how you feel when you first awaken. “Sometimes if you just stay with whatever emotion you woke up with,” she says, “a dream will come rushing back.” A．Dr. Deirdre Barrett shared a few of the factors. B．Women, on average, recall more dreams than men. C．So what can you do to help you remember your dreams? D．This region may help people pay more attention to external cues. E．Similarly, the “high recallers” tend to exhibit more brain activity. F．After that point, people often experience a gradual drop-off in dream recall. G．People dream every 90 minutes during the rapid eye movement sleep cycle. Passage 2 （2026·江苏泰州·模拟预测）A privacy wall, as the name implies, is a barrier designed to provide privacy for a residence or business. The aim of a privacy wall is privacy, not necessarily security or others. Any barrier that meets the purpose can be loosely called a privacy wall. 6 People with close neighbors often use privacy walls, because conflicts sometimes arise when your neighbors accidentally have a better view of your private life than you realize. 7 Besides, they can also act as a sound baffle (隔音板). Traditional fences from wood, metal, stone or concrete can all be used as privacy walls. One advantage of fences is that they secure animals and keep children safe. Of course, some people probably do not want to look at a fence. 8 The decorated fence is also a beautiful sight. 9 Shrubs (灌木), trees and weeds can be planted to make a privacy wall. People can also mix fencing with plantings to create a privacy wall which will be visually interesting. Over time, a thick living wall can become as unclimbable as a more traditional wall, meeting security needs as well as helping address privacy concerns. While people are not required to consult their neighbors about whether to install a privacy wall, it is advisable to do so. 10 This could lead to future interpersonal problems. By asking a neighbor, people can reach a mutually satisfactory decision about a privacy wall and the neighbor may even be willing to assist with the costs of building such a wall. A．People hate strangers knowing their secrets. B．A living fence can be in the form of plant life. C．So there is a great deal of flexibility in its design. D．Then they can do some gardening around it to soften the view. E．There are some points to consider when you replace a privacy wall. F．Neighbors may be upset about a privacy wall built without consultation. G．They can both shelter your activities and screen the neighbors from view. Passage 3 （2026·安徽·模拟预测）A lot of people tend to focus on how many hours of sleep they’re getting but ignore the quality of their sleep, which can be even more important than sleep time. “ 11 . They affect both the type of sleep and the quality of sleep that we’re getting. They are our sleep pressure and circadian (昼夜节律的) rhythms,” said Cunningham, an assistant professor of psychology at Harvard Medical School. Sleep pressure builds up the longer you’re awake and decreases while you’re asleep. 12 . To get a good night’s worth of sleep, you just get into bed when you’ve built up a lot of sleep pressure. Your circadian rhythm is your body’s internal clock. 13 . Although the pattern that your body follows is guided by your brain, external factors, such as light, can affect your circadian rhythm. For higher sleep quality, sleep pressure and your circadian rhythm should be working together. 14 . This disturbance ultimately lowers your sleep quality. “One way to improve sleep quality is to wake up at the same time every day, as it can be a little bit more impactful than going to bed at the same time every day. 15 ,” Cunningham said. Once you have a general sleep schedule or routine, then your body will naturally start to seek out its optimal sleep time. A．Don’t let the term fool you, though B．Two distinct things in our body govern our sleep C．It’s better to engage in some low-arousing activities D．You’re concerned about the amount of sleep you’re getting E．An irregular sleep schedule or sudden changes can disrupt your sleep F．Forcing yourself to go to bed when you aren’t yet sleepy isn’t always a good idea G．It’s what causes you to start feeling tired after being awake for an extended period Passage 4 （2026·重庆·模拟预测）Recently, a leisurely walking trend known as ColorWalk, also referred to as ColorHunting overseas, has gained immense popularity among young people on social media in China and around the world. 16 The rules are simple: before heading out, choose a color to focus on, then walk through the streets with the sole aim of spotting and capturing everything in that color. This simple act initiates a relaxing and healing journey. Many people find that this type of “purposeful walking” helps them temporarily escape mental conflicts and rediscover the small, beautiful moments in daily life. Ms. Kang, a participant, had long been troubled by anxiety due to overtime work. On her first ColorWalk, she chose green. During the 20-minute walk, she focused solely on finding green, and the tightness in her chest gradually faded. 17 When overwhelmed by studying, she went out in search of bright yellow and discovered sunsets, winter jasmine flowers, and warm yellow signs. She realized how many overlooked beauties were hidden on campus, and her mood immediately lifted. This simple task activates areas of the brain’s prefrontal cortex (前额叶) responsible for attention control and self-regulation. 18 In a world that is flooded with broken bits of information, mental exhaustion is common. ColorWalk offers overworked brains and emotions a brief opportunity to reset and recover. Observing colors is also a vital part of the healing process. Different colors, with their unique light wavelengths, arouse varied feelings in the nervous system. 19 That is why they are often used in hospitals and counseling rooms. Bright colors such as yellow and orange are energetic and help lift low moods. The goal is not to pick the “right” color but to slow down through walking and searching, noticing the beauty often missed. In busy, nonstop days, give yourself 20 minutes. Let go of all your troubles and focus solely on how you feel and the colors around you. 20 A．This, in itself, is a precious form of self-healing. B．Soft tones like blue and green quickly calm people. C．Other participants view it as an effective emotional outlet. D．The more colors you discover, the healthier you will be. E．ColorWalk requires no complicated preparation or specific destination. F．A college student used ColorWalk to deal with the stress of finals week. G．By actively choosing where to focus, people can step back from repetitive worries and stress. Passage 5 （26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）Being a camp counselor (辅导员) is an exciting and important job! You help campers have a lot of fun, learn new things, and feel safe. To be great at it, you need the right skills and a positive attitude. These five tips will show you how to lead, listen, and create amazing memories for everyone at camp! Be enthusiastic in every activity. 21 Show enthusiasm to motivate the group, whether it’s an exciting outdoor activity or a quieter indoor craft session. Even during activities that can seem less exciting, like rainy-day games, your enthusiasm can transform the experience. Listen actively to your campers. Being a good listener is one of the most important features of a great camp counselor. 22 When they share their thoughts or feelings, give them your full attention, and respond thoughtfully. This builds trust and shows you care about them. Be open to trying new things. Campers often look up to their counselors as role models. 23 Be willing to try new activities, even if they’re outside your usual interests. Whether it’s attempting a climbing wall or joining a dance-off, your willingness inspires your campers to do the same. 24 Campers often come up with creative ideas or suggestions for activities. Instead of dismissing these ideas, take them seriously. Even when an idea doesn’t work out perfectly, the camper will feel valued knowing their input matters. Use positive language. The way you communicate with campers matters. Instead of focusing on what they mustn’t do, guide them with positive instructions. For example, instead of saying, “Don’t run,” say, “Please walk.” 25 A．Encourage camper ideas. B．Always be patient when resolving conflicts. C．Campers want to feel heard and understood. D．By doing so, your instructions are easier to remember. E．This slight change makes them more likely to cooperate. F．Your energy and excitement set the tone for your campers. G．To encourage them to step out of their comfort zones, you need to do the same. Passage 6 （26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）Louv, the author of the bestsellers Last Child in the Woods (2005) and The Nature Principle (2011), coined the term “nature-deficit disorder” to describe the loss of connection children increasingly feel with the natural world. 26 It is merely a descriptive expression reflecting a loss of communication with other living things. Nevertheless, he argues, nature-deficit disorder affects “health, spiritual well-being and community life.” A growing body of research supports Louv’s view. 27 They also score higher on tests of creativity and problem-solving. “Nature is not a luxury,” Louv says. “It’s a necessity.” 28 Many children today grow up in neighborhoods without safe green spaces, and screen time has replaced unstructured outdoor play. “We’re raising a generation that’s more familiar with virtual worlds than real forests,” Louv says. The consequences extend beyond individual health. Children who lack exposure to nature are less likely to develop environmental awareness or adopt sustainable habits as adults. 29 Transforming the trend requires collective action. 30 “The solution is simple,” Louv says. “Get kids outside.” A．This disconnection threatens future conservation efforts. B．It refers to the physical illness caused by lack of exposure to nature. C．The concept does not belong to formal medical diagnostic illnesses. D．Urbanization and digital media are the primary drivers of this disconnection. E．Children with higher creativity tend to spend more time outdoors voluntarily. F．Children spending more time outdoors have lower rates of obesity, depression and attention disorders. G．Schools, families and cities can cooperate to prioritize outdoor time and create accessible natural spaces. Passage 7 （2026·湖南长沙·三模）The advent of high-tech era is still based on the development of human ability to use tools. 31 . The positive aspects of these abilities were dug out by human survival instinct, while the negative ones were ignored because they were insignificant. When organized civilization began to appear on the earth, people began to make vehicles. 32 . On the contrary, they made the burden of slaves heavier and increased the possibility of civilian uprising. During the alternation period between the Middle Ages and the modern world from the 17th to the 19th centuries, when the industrial revolution was flourishing, there were many great inventions in the hands of human beings, such as the steam engine and many factories. 33 . The positive side provided a solid foundation for scientific exploration, greatly enhanced the power, and greatly enhanced the carrying capacity. The negative side is that the environmental pollution is greatly aggravated. In the 20th century, mankind began to use nuclear energy, and the advantages gained from the 17th to 19th centuries continued to grow substantially. 34 . But at the same time, the negative effects were also increasing secretly. The leakage of nuclear energy makes the economy of some countries face collapse (such as Japan), and as long as a terrorist has mastered the code for launching a nuclear bomb, human life in the world will be at stake. In the 21st century, the positive and negative aspects brought about by nuclear deterrence have stabilized and stopped growing. 35 . But the disadvantages are inevitable. For example, the Internet makes many netizens addicted to the Internet, the network crime is rampant, and the development of artificial intelligence to a certain extent may produce self-consciousness, and it is possible to resist human beings with its high intelligence. As for the follow-up, we can only see how human beings decide their own direction. A．From ancient times, human beings began to learn to use stone axes to cut down trees and drill wood for fire. B．In addition, nuclear deterrence stabilized the world situation, especially with the coming of the next World War. C．The positive and negative aspects increased in proportion. D．On the positive side, they mainly enhanced the carrying capacity and had more functions. E．We should treat the rapid development of science and technology with correct eyes. F．However, the Internet, artificial intelligence, new energy development and other emerging fields have greatly benefited mankind. G．So we should resist the bad factors to promote the further development of science and technology. Passage 8 （2026高三·全国·专题练习）The Brain Perceives Unexpected Pain More Strongly Pain perception (感知) can vary significantly between individuals and even within the same person across different situations. In some cases, an injury or physical illness may lead to stronger pain than expected, while similar injuries at other times may result in much milder pain. This difference suggests that pain perception is not entirely determined by the physical injury itself. 36 To explain this phenomenon, a new study has introduced two main assumptions. One is the Estimate Hypothesis (假说), which suggests that the brain estimates the intensity of pain based on predictions it makes about the injury. The other is the Surprise Hypothesis, which argues that the brain feels pain as the difference between what it expects and what actually occurred. This difference, also known as the prediction gap, plays a key role in shaping how pain is experienced. 37 Healthy participants were subjected to painful hot-based stimuli (刺激), while observing visual signals in a virtual reality setting. These signals were either associated with painful or non-painful experiences. Participants were then asked to report their pain intensity. 38 This phenomenon occurs when the actual pain is much stronger than the brain’s expectations. Their findings suggest that the brain strengthens pain perception when there is a substantial difference between anticipated and actual pain levels. 39 It provides a more accurate framework for understanding how the brain processes pain. The study supported the idea that the difference between expectation and reality causes pain to feel worse. Individuals with persistent pain often experience uncertain fears and anxieties about their condition. This mismatch between their expectations and the actual experience of pain can further strengthen how strongly they perceive the pain. 40 Gaining deeper insights into how the brain processes pain could also contribute to the development of more effective treatments, ultimately improving recovery from persistent pain. A．This evidence supports the Surprise Hypothesis. B．It is also strongly influenced by individual expectations. C．In this study, how the brain perceives pain was examined. D．In contrast, the gap will determine the intensity of the pain one feels. E．Researchers found pain perception becomes more intense as the prediction gap widens. F．The findings highlight the importance of psychological factors in pain management. G．Narrowing this gap between expectation and reality may play a key role in reducing pain. Passage 9 （26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）Every living thing depends on the ocean. So when we hear the ocean is in trouble from the effects of overfishing, climate change, and pollution, it’s easy to feel powerless. 41 But there are plenty of measures you can take that will make a big difference to the ocean. 42 ​​​​​​​ The more you learn about the ocean, the better prepared you’ll be to inspire change and help others do the same. Thankfully, there are many ways to educate yourself about the ocean and the challenges it faces, from books and documentaries to websites, museums, art exhibits, and more. Check the label. Help keep fisheries healthy by choosing sustainable seafood when you go to the grocery store or dine out. 43 Look for the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) and Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) labels. Their blue and green fish logos on your seafood ensure your fish can be traced back to sustainably-managed fisheries and farms. Reduce your carbon emissions. 44 That can lead to warmer waters, which can affect where fish swim, bleach (漂白) coral reefs, speed up the sea-level rise, and change weather events on land. Decrease the effects of climate change on the ocean by cutting your carbon footprint at home: turn off lights when you’re not using them, walk or ride your bike to work, and demand renewable energy options in your community. Travel smarter. Consider booking your next trip through a responsible travel company that’s committed to protecting wildlife and using guides who are aware of rules and best practices. Once you arrive at your destination, be respectful of marine life and habitats. And be careful about your purchases. 45 A．Increase your ocean IQ. B．Skip the single-use plastics. C．What should be done to travel responsibly? D．What’s the easiest way to make sure your seafood is sustainable? E．Many of these issues will require leadership from governments and businesses. F．In the last decades, the ocean has absorbed 90% of the extra heat created by burning fossil fuels. G．Purchasing items like shark products damages delicate ecosystems and threatens endangered species. Passage 10 （2026·陕西渭南·三模）Foraging (觅食), or looking in nature for wild food sources, never went away completely. Nowadays, it can be a fun hobby. Edible (可食用的) plants grow in surprising abundance around you. However, you cannot simply walk into the place, grab a handful of greens, and start eating. 46 If you are interested in foraging, the most important rule above all others is to find an experienced forager who can guide you. 47 These include wild onion, wild garlic, brambles and the list goes on. You will also learn the following rules that even the most experienced foragers are sure to follow. 48 Public lands, such as parks or forests, are normally fine. If the place is privately owned, you need to get permission first to forage there. Also, be sure to avoid places where chemicals are sprayed to kill pests or weeds. Don’t damage the landscape. When you do find a patch of edible plants, be sure to take only what you need. If you gather everything, then the plant will not have a chance to grow back. Know which plants are poisonous. Although the number of plants that are poisonous enough to be fatal is small, it takes only one mistake. Many foraging field guides are available. 49 : You will also want to bring a basket or other container, tools for cutting or digging, and a well-stocked first aid kit. Once a forager gets home with his or her bounty, it’s time to prepare the meal. 50 Some wild edibles taste best raw, while others should be cooked. Cookbooks that focus on recipes for wild foods are a great place to start. A．Respect the wild places you visit. B．Again, experience makes a difference. C．Modern-day foragers know how risky that can be. D．Foraging is the primary way for one to get the meal. E．Make sure you are allowed to forage wherever it is you choose to go. F．Bringing one with you when you head into the wild can help clarify any doubts. G．They will help you identify some of the most common edible plants you will discover on an outing. 试卷第1页，共3页 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题13 阅读理解七选五、六选四、阅读表达 （全国通用） 考点分类 五年考情（2024-2026） 命题趋势 考点1 人与自我类 （5年7考） 2026年全国二卷--从小培养孩子劳动品质； 2026浙江1月卷--克服阅读回读坏习惯； 2025全国一卷--咖啡馆员工是平凡英雄； 2025北京卷--社会在培养成年人方面责任； 2024新课标I卷—使用英语词典体验； 2024九省联考卷-初跑者常犯错误； 2024北京卷--线上课程学习建议。 1.七选五的语篇类型以说明文为主，议论文和记叙文为辅。 2.主题语境在“人与社会”、“人与自我”为主。词数一般为280-300词左右。题材贴近学生生活，主要考查学生的文意重建和逻辑思维能力。 3.设空位置以段中句为主，占2-3空；兼顾段首句和段尾句。 4.做题应注意根据挖空位置、前后逻辑关系、词语复现、代词呼应等方面做出判断。 5.从文本特征、主旨大意、句际逻辑、语篇含义、作者观点等帮助学生逐步树立语篇意识，把握语篇结构，感悟作者情感态度和价值取向。从语篇微观和宏观两个角度，进一步提升理解语篇意义的能力。 考点2 人与社会类 （5年4考） 2026年全国一卷--AI 重塑博物馆体验； 2025全国二卷--家庭参与志愿活动好处； 2025浙江1月卷—有效沟通的方式； 2025八省联考卷--大学艺术博物馆之友。 考点3 人与自然类 （5年1） 2024新课标II卷—如何避免过度旅游。 Passage 1 【答案】36. C 37. F 38. A 39. D 40. B Passage 2 【答案】36. A 37. C 38. G 39. D 40. F Passage 3 【答案】36. B 37. E 38. C 39. F 40. G Passage 1 【答案】36 E 37. D 38. C 39. F 40. G Passage 2 【答案】36. B 37. G38. E39. C40. F Passage 3 【答案】36. C 37. D 38. G 39. B 40. F Passage 4 【答案】35. G36. E37. D38. C39. A Passage 1 【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D Passage 2 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. E 39. A 40. G Passage 3 【答案】36. G37. F38. A39. D40. E Passage 4 【答案】36. F 37. C 38. E 39. B 40. A Passage 4 【答案】36. G37. F38. A39. D40. E Passage 1 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．F 4．G 5．D Passage 2 【答案】6．C 7．G 8．D 9．B 10．F Passage 3 【答案】11．B 12．G 13．A 14．E 15．F Passage 4 【答案】16．E 17．F 18．G 19．B 20．A Passage 5 【答案】21．F 22．C 23．G 24．A 25．E Passage 6 【答案】26．C 27．F 28．D 29．A 30．G Passage 7 【答案】31．A 32．D 33．C 34．B 35．F Passage 8 【答案】36．B 37．C 38．E 39．A 40．G Passage 9 【答案】41．E 42．A 43．D 44．F 45．G Passage 10 【答案】46．C 47．G 48．E 49．F 50．B 试卷第1页，共3页 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $