外研版九上英语Unit 5 A fine balance 知识清单（背诵版+默写版）

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了外研版九年级上册Unit 5“A fine balance”内容，涵盖核心词汇与变形、重点短语搭配、that/which引导的定语从句语法、语法检测及写作指导五大知识范畴，搭建了从词汇积累到语法应用再到写作输出的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类梳理（词汇表含词性、变形及搭配，短语表附例句）、分级讲解（语法分基本概念及特殊情况）、关联应用（写作融入定语从句等语法点）呈现知识体系，如核心词汇表标注“species单复数同形”等易错点，语法部分总结“that/which使用口诀”，写作指导提供框架及高分句式模板，培养学生语言能力与思维品质，既方便学生自主复习，也为教师精准教学提供有力支持。

外研版九年级上册英语·Unit 5: A fine balance 知识清单（背诵版） 目录 一、核心词汇与变形考点 2 二、重点短语搭配 3 三、语法精讲：that/which引导的定语从句 4 1. 基本概念 4 2. that/which作主语（不可省略） 4 3. that/which作宾语（可省略） 4 4. 只能用that的情况 4 5. 只能用which的情况 5 四、语法检测题 5 五、写作指导 6 写作框架： 7 常用句型模板： 7 高分句式： 7 参考范文 8 一、核心词汇与变形考点 单词 词性 考点变形 常见搭配 environment n. 环境 environmental（adj.） protect the environment保护环境 global adj. 全球的 globally（adv.） / globe（n.） global warming全球变暖 climate n. 气候 climate change 气候变化 mild climate温和的气候 endangered adj. 濒危的 danger（n.） endangered species濒危物种 species n. 物种 单复数同形 wild species野生物种 habitat n. 栖息地 destroy habitats 破坏栖息地 natural habitat自然栖息地 balance n./v. 平衡 balanced（adj.） keep balance保持平衡 ecosystem n. 生态系统 destroy the ecosystem 破坏生态系统 natural ecosystem自然生态系统 protect v. 保护 protection（n.） / protective（adj.） protect environment保护环境 threat n. 威胁 threaten（v.） face threats面临威胁 extinct adj. 灭绝的 extinction（n.） become extinct灭绝 survive v. 生存 survival（n.） / survivor（n.） survive in the wild在野外生存 reduce v. 减少 reduction（n.） reduce pollution减少污染 reuse v. 重复利用 reusable（adj.） reuse plastic bags重复使用塑料袋 recycle v. 回收利用 recyclable（adj.） recycle paper回收纸张 pollute v. 污染 pollution（n.） / pollutant（n.） pollute the air污染空气 harm v./n. 伤害 harmful（adj.） / harmless（adj.） do harm to伤害 benefit v./n. 益处 beneficial（adj.） be beneficial to对有益 organise v. 组织 organisation（n.） organise activities组织活动 reserve n. 保护区 natural reserve 自然保护区 nature reserve自然保护区 panda n. 熊猫 giant panda 大熊猫 pandas feed on bamboo熊猫吃竹子 bamboo n. 竹子 bamboo forest 竹林 bamboo shoots竹笋 wild adj. 野生的 wildlife（n.） in the wild在野外 hunt v. 狩猎 hunter（n.） / hunting（n.） hunt for搜寻 forest n. 森林 rainforest（n.） protect forests保护森林 ocean n. 海洋 oceanic（adj.） Pacific Ocean太平洋 sea n. 海 seaside（n.） at sea在海上 land n./v. 陆地；着陆 landing（n.） on land在陆地上 rubbish n. 垃圾 rubbish bin 垃圾箱 collect rubbish收集垃圾 carbon n. 碳 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 carbon footprint碳足迹 💡 补充易错点： species单复数同形：one species / two species harmful的反义词是harmless，不是unharmful protect...from... 保护...免受...（from后接doing时用being done） 二、重点短语搭配 短语 含义 例句 in danger 处于危险中 Many wild animals are in danger of becoming extinct.许多野生动物面临灭绝的危险。 cut down 砍倒；减少 We should cut down the use of plastic bags.我们应该减少塑料袋的使用。 in addition to 除...之外 In addition to protecting pandas, we should also protect other animals.除了保护熊猫，我们也应保护其他动物。 take action 采取行动 We must take action to protect the environment.我们必须采取行动保护环境。 make a difference 有影响 Your small actions can make a big difference.你的小行动可以产生大影响。 play a role in 在...中起作用 Everyone can play a role in protecting the environment.每个人都能在保护环境中发挥作用。 set up 建立 They set up a nature reserve to protect the pandas.他们建立了自然保护区来保护熊猫。 die out 灭绝 If we do not protect them, many species will die out.如果我们不保护它们，许多物种将会灭绝。 look after 照顾 We should look after our planet.我们应该照顾我们的地球。 as a result 结果 The pollution is serious. As a result, many species are in danger.污染很严重，结果许多物种处于危险中。 be supposed to 应该 We are supposed to protect endangered animals.我们应该保护濒危动物。 do harm to 伤害 Plastic waste does harm to marine life.塑料垃圾会伤害海洋生物。 depend on 取决于；依赖 Our future depends on how we treat the environment.我们的未来取决于我们如何对待环境。 lead to 导致 Deforestation leads to many environmental problems.砍伐森林导致许多环境问题。 come from 来自 Many endangered species come from forests.许多濒危物种来自森林。 三、语法精讲：that/which引导的定语从句 1. 基本概念 定语从句：在句中作定语，修饰名词或代词。被修饰的名词叫先行词。 先行词指物时，用that或which引导定语从句。 2. that/which作主语（不可省略） 结构：先行词 + that/which + 动词 + 其他 The book which/that lies on the desk is mine.桌上的那本书是我的。 The problem that/which affects environment is serious.影响环境的问题很严重。 3. that/which作宾语（可省略） The film (which/that) we saw yesterday was interesting.我们昨天看的电影很有趣。 4. 只能用that的情况 ①先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词 All that glitters is not gold.闪光的不一定都是金子。 ②先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰 ③先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰 ④先行词被序数词或最高级修饰 5. 只能用which的情况 ①引导非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开） Beijing, which is the capital of China, has many historic sites. ②从句中有介词 + which The room in which we studied was large.我们学习的那个房间很大。 四、语法检测题 （一）用适当关系词填空 1. The book _____ is on the desk is very interesting. 2. The film _____ we saw yesterday was exciting. 3. All _____ glitters is not gold. 4. The only thing _____ matters is health. 5. The room in _____ we studied was large. 6. The environment _____ we live in is getting worse. 7. Beijing, _____ is the capital of China, has many historic sites. 8. The first thing _____ we should do is protect endangered animals. 9. Something _____ you said made me think. 10. The panda _____ mainly feeds on bamboo is endangered. （二）选择题 11. This is the best film _____ I have ever seen. 12. The book, _____ was written by Lu Xun, is very popular. 13. Is there anything _____ I can do for you? 14. The species _____ we should protect are endangered. 15. The forest _____ covers the mountain is being destroyed. 答案及解析 1. that/which — 作主语，不可省略 2. that/which — 作宾语，可省略 3. that — 先行词是不定代词all 4. that — 先行词被the only修饰 5. which — 介词+which结构 6. that/which — “live in”的宾语是“environment”，此处关系词在从句中作宾语，可省略。 7. which — 非限制性定语从句 8. that — 先行词被序数词修饰，在定语从句中作主语，不可省略。 9. that — 先行词是不定代词something 10. which/that — 作主语 11. that — 最高级修饰先行词 12. which — 非限制性定语从句 13. that — 不定代词anything 14. that — 先行词‘species’在从句中作宾语，且先行词被‘the’修饰，所以用that 15. that/which — 作主语 区分口诀： ✅ that：指人/物，先行词被最高级/序数词/不定代词修饰时只用that； ✅ which：指物，非限制性定语从句和介词+which时只用which。 五、写作指导 本单元写作任务：写一篇关于环境保护的作文 写作框架： 段落 内容 句型模板 第一段 引言：介绍环保主题 Today, I would like to talk about protecting... / Protecting... is very important because... 第二段 主体：问题和解决方案 First,... / Besides,... / In addition,... / As a result,... 第三段 总结：倡议和号召 In conclusion,... / Let's take action now! / If we all do our part,... 常用句型模板： 引言： • Today, I would like to talk about protecting endangered animals. 今天，我想聊聊保护濒危动物这件事。 • The environment is getting worse and worse.环境正变得越来越糟糕。 描述问题： • Many wild animals are in danger of becoming extinct.许多野生动物正面临灭绝的危险。 • If we do not take action, the species will die out.如果我们不采取行动，该物种将会灭绝。 提出建议： • We should take action to protect the environment.我们应当采取行动保护环境。 • Everyone can play a role in making a difference.每个人都能尽一份力，带来改变。 高分句式： 1. 使用定语从句：Pandas, which mainly feed on bamboo, are endangered. 2. 使用if条件句：If we don't protect them, they will become extinct. 3. 使用比较级+and+比较级：The environment is getting worse and worse. 4. 使用现在进行时被动语态：Forests are being destroyed every day. 5. 使用must/should表义务：We must take action to protect our planet. 参考范文 写作题目：假如你是李明，你想就环境保护这一话题发表演讲。请根据以下提示，写一篇100词左右的短文。 满分范文 Protecting Endangered Animals Today, I would like to talk about protecting endangered animals. The environment that we live in is getting worse and worse. Many wild animals are in danger of becoming extinct. Pandas, which mainly feed on bamboo, are one of the most endangered species. The main problem that we face is habitat destruction. If we do not take action, many species will die out. We should set up nature reserves and protect forests that are home to wildlife. Everyone can play a role in making a difference. Let's take action now to protect our planet! 亮点分析语法亮点： that引导的定语从句："The environment that we live in is getting worse." (修饰物) which引导的非限制性定语从句："Pandas, which mainly feed on bamboo, are..." (补充说明) that引导的定语从句："The main problem that we face is habitat destruction." (修饰物) 词汇亮点： in danger of (处于...的危险中) die out (灭绝) play a role in (在...中起作用) make a difference (有影响) 结构亮点：开头提出环保主题→中间描述问题和解决方案→结尾发出号召，首尾呼应。 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 外研版九年级上册英语·Unit 5: A fine balance 知识清单（默写版） 目录 一、核心词汇与变形考点 2 二、重点短语搭配 3 三、语法精讲：that/which引导的定语从句 4 1. 基本概念 4 2. that/which作主语（不可省略） 4 3. that/which作宾语（可省略） 4 4. 只能用that的情况 4 5. 只能用which的情况 5 四、语法检测题 5 （一）用适当关系词填空 5 （二）选择题 5 五、写作指导 6 一、核心词汇与变形考点 单词 词性 考点变形 常见搭配 environment n. 环境 _________ （adj.） _________ 保护环境 global adj. 全球的 _________ （adv.） / _________ （n.） _________ 全球变暖 climate n. 气候 _________ change 气候变化 _________ 温和的气候 endangered adj. 濒危的 _________ （n.） _________ 濒危物种 species n. 物种 _________单复数同形 _________ 野生物种 habitat n. 栖息地 _________ habitats 破坏栖息地 _________ 自然栖息地 balance n./v. 平衡 _________ （adj.） _________ 保持平衡 ecosystem n. 生态系统 _________ the ecosystem 破坏生态系统 _________ 自然生态系统 protect v. 保护 _________ （n.） / _________ （adj.） _________ 保护环境 threat n. 威胁 _________（v.） _________ 面临威胁 extinct adj. 灭绝的 _________ （n.） _________ 灭绝 survive v. 生存 _________ （n.） / _________ （n.） _________ 在野外生存 reduce v. 减少 _________（n.） _________ 减少污染 reuse v. 重复利用 _________ （adj.） _________ 重复使用塑料袋 recycle v. 回收利用 _________ （adj.） _________ 回收纸张 pollute v. 污染 _________ （n.） / _________ （n.） _________ 污染空气 harm v./n. 伤害 _________ （adj.） / _________ （adj.） _________ 伤害 benefit v./n. 益处 _________ （adj.） _________ 对有益 organise v. 组织 _________ （n.） _________ 组织活动 reserve n. 保护区 _________ reserve 自然保护区 _________ 自然保护区 panda n. 熊猫 _________ panda 大熊猫 _________ 熊猫吃竹子 bamboo n. 竹子 _________ forest 竹林 _________ 竹笋 wild adj. 野生的 _________ （n.） _________ 在野外 hunt v. 狩猎 _________ （n.） / _________ （n.） _________ 搜寻 forest n. 森林 _________ （n.） _________ 保护森林 ocean n. 海洋 _________ （adj.） _________ 太平洋 sea n. 海 _________ （n.） _________ 在海上 land n./v. 陆地；着陆 _________ （n.） _________ 在陆地上 rubbish n. 垃圾 _________ bin 垃圾箱 _________ 收集垃圾 carbon n. 碳 _________ dioxide 二氧化碳 _________ 碳足迹 💡 补充易错点： species单复数同形：one species / two species harmful的反义词是harmless，不是unharmful protect...from... 保护...免受...（from后接doing时用being done） 二、重点短语搭配 短语 含义 例句 in danger 处于危险中 Many wild animals are _________ of becoming extinct. 许多野生动物面临灭绝的危险。 cut down 砍倒；减少 We should _________ the use of plastic bags. 我们应该减少塑料袋的使用。 in addition to 除...之外 __________________protecting pandas, we should also protect other animals.除了保护熊猫，我们也应保护其他动物。 take action 采取行动 We must _________ to protect the environment. 我们必须采取行动保护环境。 make a difference 有影响 Your small actions can make a big __________________ . 你的小行动可以产生大影响。 play a role in 在...中起作用 Everyone can __________________ protecting the environment.每个人都能在保护环境中发挥作用。 set up 建立 They _________ a nature reserve to protect the pandas. 他们建立了自然保护区来保护熊猫。 die out 灭绝 If we do not protect them, many species will _________ . 如果我们不保护它们，许多物种将会灭绝。 look after 照顾 We should _________ our planet.我们应该照顾我们的地球。 as a result 结果 The pollution is serious. _________ , many species are in danger.污染很严重，结果许多物种处于危险中。 be supposed to 应该 We are __________________ protect endangered animals.我们应该保护濒危动物。 do harm to 伤害 Plastic waste does _________ marine life. 塑料垃圾会伤害海洋生物。 depend on 取决于；依赖 Our future __________________how we treat the envirment. 我们的未来取决于我们如何对待环境。 lead to 导致 Deforestation _________ many environmental problems. 砍伐森林导致许多环境问题。 come from 来自 Many endangered species__________________ forests. 许多濒危物种来自森林。 三、语法精讲：that/which引导的定语从句 1. 基本概念 定语从句：在句中作定语，修饰名词或代词。被修饰的名词叫先行词。 先行词指物时，用that或which引导定语从句。 2. that/which作主语（不可省略） 结构：先行词 + that/which + 动词 + 其他 The book _________/ _________ lies on the desk is mine.桌上的那本书是我的。 The problem_________ / _________ affects environment is serious.影响环境的问题很严重。 3. that/which作宾语（可省略） The film (_________ /_________ ) we saw yesterday was interesting.我们昨天看的电影很有趣。 4. 只能用that的情况 ①先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词 All_________glitters is not gold.闪光的不一定都是金子。 ②先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰 ③先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰 ④先行词被序数词或最高级修饰 5. 只能用which的情况 ①引导非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开） Beijing,_________ is the capital of China, has many historic sites. ②从句中有介词 + which The room in_________we studied was large.我们学习的那个房间很大。 四、语法检测题 （一）用适当关系词填空 1. The book _____ is on the desk is very interesting. 2. The film _____ we saw yesterday was exciting. 3. All _____ glitters is not gold. 4. The only thing _____ matters is health. 5. The room in _____ we studied was large. 6. The environment _____ we live in is getting worse. 7. Beijing, _____ is the capital of China, has many historic sites. 8. The first thing _____ we should do is protect endangered animals. 9. Something _____ you said made me think. 10. The panda _____ mainly feeds on bamboo is endangered. （二）选择题 11. This is the best film _____ I have ever seen. 12. The book, _____ was written by Lu Xun, is very popular. 13. Is there anything _____ I can do for you? 14. The species _____ we should protect are endangered. 15. The forest _____ covers the mountain is being destroyed. 区分口诀： ✅ that：指人/物，先行词被最高级/序数词/不定代词修饰时只用that； ✅ which：指物，非限制性定语从句和介词+which时只用which。 五、写作指导 本单元写作任务：写一篇关于环境保护的作文 写作框架： 段落 内容 句型模板 第一段 引言：介绍环保主题 Today, I would like to talk about protecting... / Protecting... is very important because... 第二段 主体：问题和解决方案 First,... / Besides,... / In addition,... / As a result,... 第三段 总结：倡议和号召 In conclusion,... / Let's take action now! / If we all do our part,... 常用句型模板： 引言： • Today, I would like to talk about protecting endangered animals. 今天，我想聊聊保护濒危动物这件事。 • The environment is getting worse and worse.环境正变得越来越糟糕。 描述问题： • Many wild animals are in danger of becoming extinct.许多野生动物正面临灭绝的危险。 • If we do not take action, the species will die out.如果我们不采取行动，该物种将会灭绝。 提出建议： • We should take action to protect the environment.我们应当采取行动保护环境。 • Everyone can play a role in making a difference.每个人都能尽一份力，带来改变。 高分句式： 1. 使用定语从句：Pandas, which mainly feed on bamboo, are endangered. 2. 使用if条件句：If we don't protect them, they will become extinct. 3. 使用比较级+and+比较级：The environment is getting worse and worse. 4. 使用现在进行时被动语态：Forests are being destroyed every day. 5. 使用must/should表义务：We must take action to protect our planet. 参考范文 写作题目：假如你是李明，你想就环境保护这一话题发表演讲。请根据以下提示，写一篇100词左右的短文。 满分范文 Protecting Endangered Animals Today, I would like to talk about protecting endangered animals. The environment that we live in is getting worse and worse. Many wild animals are in danger of becoming extinct. Pandas, which mainly feed on bamboo, are one of the most endangered species. The main problem that we face is habitat destruction. If we do not take action, many species will die out. We should set up nature reserves and protect forests that are home to wildlife. Everyone can play a role in making a difference. Let's take action now to protect our planet! 亮点分析语法亮点： that引导的定语从句："The environment that we live in is getting worse." (修饰物) which引导的非限制性定语从句："Pandas, which mainly feed on bamboo, are..." (补充说明) that引导的定语从句："The main problem that we face is habitat destruction." (修饰物) 词汇亮点： in danger of (处于...的危险中) die out (灭绝) play a role in (在...中起作用) make a difference (有影响) 结构亮点：开头提出环保主题→中间描述问题和解决方案→结尾发出号召，首尾呼应。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $