必修第2册 UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE 作业10（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2027年高考英语一轮复习（北师大版）

**基本信息** 聚焦地震主题跨语篇整合，通过阅读理解与七选五题型，系统渗透细节定位、逻辑推理等解题方法，构建“现象-原理-应用”知识链。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解A|4题（地震预防）|细节题定位原文关键句，推理题关联个人经历与专业实践|以记叙文为载体，串联“个人经历-预防重要性-项目实践”逻辑线| |阅读理解B|4题（人造光影响）|词义猜测结合上下文语境，主旨题概括生态连锁反应|以说明文为载体，构建“现象观察-原理分析-生态影响”推导链| |阅读理解C|4题（太阳与地震）|推理题整合研究结论与专家观点，细节题精准定位因果关系|以科学研究为载体，呈现“问题提出-假设验证-结论应用”研究逻辑| |七选五|5题（地震应对）|空格前后语义衔接，总分结构与场景分类（前/中/后）|以指南类文本为载体，形成“准备-应对-恢复”时间维度的行动框架|

作业(十) (限时：30分钟) 说明：阅读理解每题2.5分，七选五每题2.5分，本试卷共42.5分。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2026·湖南长沙联考)As the first girl in my family, I was born in Venezuela, twelve months to the day before one of the biggest earthquakes in the country's history struck the capital city Caracas in 1967.I've always seen this as a sign of my destiny. Disasters have the potential to set back a nation's development for years and even decades.However, my personal experiences have taught me that the extent of damage often depends on whether there is a culture of prevention within the affected society. I recall a time when I was living in an apartment building when a moderate earthquake struck.My reaction, after the immediate “drop, cover, hold on” reflexes (反射动作), was to hope that the building would prove to be structurally sound.As the shaking slowly stopped, I ran outside to wait for possible aftershocks.My fears, thankfully, did not happen.It had resisted the quake because it followed the country's building codes. Occasions like this show the necessity of having updated building codes that include lessons learned from past disasters.Had the building not followed these updated codes, I may not have survived.This experience has only strengthened my belief in the value of prevention in mitigating the impact of disasters. I have spent the past two years working on the Built Environment in Latin America and the Caribbean Project.The project has developed risk­informed policies and engineering techniques in the six countries that were selected for their particularly high exposure to earthquakes.This project fits perfectly with my professional and personal goals, as it combines my passion and experience in risk reduction.Like the third little pig in the tale of Three Little Pigs, who puts resilience (韧性) above convenience while building his house from bricks, I'm committed to building a framework of prevention and resilience, as I know that early action today can prevent problems tomorrow. [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。作者出生于委内瑞拉，在该国首都发生地震的前一年出生，这让作者认为自己与地震相关工作有某种命运联系。作者通过自身经历深刻认识到预防的重要性。作者还参与相关项目，致力于构建预防和抗灾框架。 1．What does the author refer to as her destiny? A．Rebuilding cities after disasters. B．Experiencing many earthquakes. C．Doing work related to earthquakes. D．Updating building codes in Venezuela. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段以及最后一段可知，作者将从事与地震相关的工作视为自己的命运。故选C。 答案　C 2．Why did the earthquake mentioned in paragraph 3 impress the author? A．She realized the danger of earthquakes. B．She felt she did not respond well enough. C．She was very lucky to escape with her life. D．She recognized the importance of prevention. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“It had resisted the quake because it followed the country's building codes.” 以及第四段“This experience has only strengthened my belief in the value of prevention in mitigating the impact of disasters.” 可知，第三段提到的地震给作者留下深刻印象是因为她认识到了预防的重要性。故选D。 答案　D 3．What does the underlined word “mitigating” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Causing. B．Reducing. C．Ignoring. D．Avoiding. 解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段“It had resisted the quake because it followed the country's building codes.”和第四段 “This experience has only strengthened my belief in the value of prevention in mitigating the impact of disasters.”并结合前文提到建筑遵循规范抵御地震，可知预防是为了“减轻”灾害影响。故选B。 答案　B 4．What does the tale of Three Little Pigs imply? A．Teamwork matters in preventing disasters. B．Risk reduction work requires a lot of skills. C．Damage caused by disasters can be avoided. D．Building houses needs passion and experience. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“就像《三只小猪》故事里的第三只小猪，用砖头盖房子时把韧性置于便利之上，我致力于构建一个预防和具备韧性的框架，因为我知道今日尽早行动，明日便可防患于未然。” 可知，《三只小猪》的故事暗示通过像第三只小猪一样注重韧性(预防措施)，灾害造成的损害是可以避免的。故选C。 答案　C B (2026·山西太原模拟)Rise with the sun and rest at sunset—this was the way of life for our ancestors.Thanks to artificial light, which improves visibility at night, we can enjoy a much safer society and around­the­clock productivity.For wildlife, however, studies have shown it disturbs animals' natural sleep cycles, affects amphibian (两栖的) reproduction and throws migrating birds off course. New research in Frontiers in Plant Science investigated how artificial light impacts plant­insect relationships.Researchers from Chinese Academy of Sciences noticed tree leaves in cities typically showed fewer signs of insect damage than those outside of cities, so they analyzed 5，500 leaf samples from two tree species throughout Beijing.Researchers found more artificial light in a given area meant tougher leaves.And the tougher the leaf, the less evidence of hungry insects.They don't fully understand why, but assume that trees under artificial light at night might be extending their photosynthesis (光合作用) time. “Plants distribute their limited resources, such as nutrients, water and energy, among various functions like growth, reproduction and defense, depending on the environment.Light can affect how plants use resources，” says Ellen Cieraad, a plant ecologist from New Zealand.“Since plants use light for growth, artificial night light could be unnaturally increasing the time trees spend on photosynthesis, allocating more resources to chemical compounds that make leaves tougher.” “If the same applied to leaves of other species, this would be bad news for insects，” researchers said.Changes in plants, and in interactions between plants and animals, can significantly impact the entire urban ecosystem.Herbivorous insects, which rely on leaves for food, may struggle to survive, disrupting the food chain.Fewer herbivorous insects could lead to declines in predators like birds, affecting biodiversity.Insects also play vital roles as pollinators (传粉媒介) and eat decaying plants, helping to break down leaves and returning nutrients to soil.In cities, healthy soil and healthy plant life supported by insects are good for humans, as plants provide shade and reduce heat trapped in cities.Moving forward, researchers are committed to refining their discovery, aiming to guide people to take corresponding actions. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人造光对人类有益，但会干扰野生动物的自然睡眠周期，新研究还发现它会使树叶变硬，影响城市生态系统。 5．What influence does artificial light bring according to the text? A．It toughens tree leaves. B．It shortens animals' sleep hours. C．It illuminates birds' migrating routes. D．It increases amphibian reproduction rates. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Researchers found more artificial light in a given area meant tougher leaves.”可知，人造光会使树叶变硬。故选A。 答案　A 6．Why is Ellen Cieraad quoted in paragraph 3? A．To raise a concern. B．To introduce a concept. C．To support an assumption. D．To clarify a misunderstanding. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“They don't fully understand why, but assume that trees under artificial light at night might be extending their photosynthesis (光合作用) time.”和第三段中引用Ellen Cieraad的话“Since plants use light for growth, artificial night light could be unnaturally increasing the time trees spend on photosynthesis, allocating more resources to chemical compounds that make leaves tougher.”可推知，引用Ellen Cieraad的话是为了支持第二段中研究人员的假设。故选C。 答案　C 7．Which of the following best summarizes the phenomenon in paragraph 4? A．Time heals all wounds. B．Nature always finds a way. C．A chain is as strong as its weakest link. D．A small move may affect the bigger picture. 解析　主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Changes in plants, and in interactions between plants and animals, can significantly impact...affecting biodiversity.”描述的现象可知，植物和动物间的小变化会影响整个城市生态系统，即小的变动可能会影响大局。故选D。 答案　D 8．What will the following research probably focus on? A．Approaches to enhancing soil quality. B．Ways of improving urban biodiversity. C．Standards for selecting plant species in cities. D．Solutions to reducing impacts of nighttime light. 解析　推理判断题。根据前文提到人造光对生态系统的诸多影响和最后一段中“Moving forward, researchers are committed to refining their discovery, aiming to guide people to take corresponding actions.”可推断，后续研究可能会关注减少夜间人造光影响的解决方案。故选D。 答案　D C (2025·山东济南三模)Scientists have revealed much of the basics about earthquakes：tectonic plates (构造板块) move, causing strain energy (应变能) to build up, and that energy eventually releases in the form of an earthquake.However, forecasting earthquakes remains a significant challenge, which was evidenced by the 2011 great Tohoku earthquake.In addition to causing a tsunami that led to the Fukushima nuclear disaster, it resulted in more than 18，000 deaths. In recent years, researchers have been trying to figure out a possible relation between the sun and earthquakes.Based on a previous study that connected solar activity with earthquakes, a study conducted by researchers from the University of Tsukuba (UT) cast light on this possibility, confirming that sunspot numbers had some influence on earthquakes and Earth's climate, as affected by solar heat, played a role. “Solar heat drives atmospheric temperature changes, which in turn can affect things like rock properties and underground water movement，” said Junqueira Saldanha, leader of the research team.“Such changes can make rocks tend to break apart.For example, the changes in rainfall and snowmelt can affect the pressure on tectonic plate boundaries.While these factors may not be the main drivers of earthquakes, they could still be playing a role that can help to predict earthquakes.” Among other findings, the researchers used mathematical and computational methods to analyze earthquake data alongside solar activity records and surface temperatures on Earth.They observed that when they included Earth surface temperatures into their model, the forecasting became more accurate, especially for shallow earthquakes.“That makes sense, since heat and water mostly affect the upper layers of the Earth's crust (地壳)，” said Saldanha. The findings suggest the transfer of solar heat to the surface of the Earth does affect earthquakes, however minutely, and that incorporating solar activity predictions into detailed Earth temperature models may help issue earthquake forecasts.“It's an exciting direction, and we hope our study can decipher the bigger picture of what causes earthquakes，” said Saldanha. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章讲述科学家对太阳活动与地震之间关系的研究，指出太阳热量传递到地球表面会对地震产生影响，将太阳活动预测纳入地球温度模型可能有助于地震预报。 9．Why did the author mention Tohoku earthquake in paragraph 1? A．To demonstrate the movement of tectonic plates. B．To illustrate the difficulty in earthquake forecast. C．To reveal the heavy losses caused by earthquakes. D．To stress the necessity of weakening strain energy. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However, forecasting earthquakes remains a significant challenge, which was evidenced by the 2011 great Tohoku earthquake.”可知，提及该地震是为了论证前文“地震预测困难”的观点。故选B。 答案　B 10．What does the study by UT mainly focus on? A．The climate change caused by earthquakes. B．The impact of solar activity on atmosphere. C．The reasons for increased sunspot numbers. D．The link between sunspots and earthquakes. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，该研究聚焦太阳黑子与地震的关联。故选D。 答案　D 11．Which of the following would Saldanha agree? A．Solar heat decides earthquake frequency. B．Tectonic plate pressure grows constantly. C．Earthquakes occur in the crust's upper layer. D．Solar activity data helps predict earthquakes. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“研究结果表明，太阳热量向地球表面的转移确实会影响地震，尽管影响很小，而且将太阳活动预测纳入详细的地球温度模型可能有助于发布地震预测。”可知，萨尔达尼亚认为太阳活动数据对预测地震有帮助。故选D。 答案　D 12．What does the underlined word “decipher” in the last paragraph mean? A．Reveal. B．Distinguish. C．Expand. D．Assess. 解析　词义猜测题。根据最后一段 “we hope our study can decipher the bigger picture of what causes earthquakes”可知，decipher后的宾语是 “地震成因的全局”，结合前文研究的目的是弄清楚太阳活动与地震的关系，以帮助预测地震，也就是要“揭示”地震成因等相关内容，所以 decipher应表示“揭示，解读”之意。故选 A。 答案　A Ⅱ.七选五 (2025·辽宁沈阳教学质量检测)Earthquakes are unpredictable natural disasters that can cause dramatic damage in seconds. 13 Proper preparation and knowing what to do during and after an earthquake can significantly increase your chances of staying safe.This guide helps you prepare, respond, and recover effectively. Before the quake One important way to prepare for a quake is to try to make your home safe.The stuff inside your home is just as important as the walls themselves.Take a tour of each room to look for things that could fall or break. 14 Move large or heavy objects to lower shelves, install latches (门闩) on cupboards, and secure any large appliances like water heaters. When the shaking starts 15 In many situations that means remembering three actions：drop, cover, and hold. Drop：Get down on your hands and knees immediately.This position protects you from falling but still allows you to move if necessary. Cover：Place your head and neck (and your entire body if possible) underneath a strong table or desk. Hold：Stay put until the shaking stops.Be prepared to move with your shelter if the shaking shifts it around. After the shaking calms Even after the ground grows still, the danger is not necessarily over.As the Earth settles from its quake, it can produce a series of smaller quakes known as aftershocks. 16 The first quake is then called a foreshock, and the second is called a main shock. Still, once the shaking calms, it's time to start getting ready for more.First, check for injuries.Next, check the gas and electric lines, and turn them off if you can do so safely.And if you are inside a heavily damaged structure, get yourself and others out as soon as possible.If you're trapped, stay calm.Protect your mouth, nose, and eyes from the dust.Make noise to get responders’ attention. 17 A．Protect yourself as quickly as possible. B．There are generally two types of quakes. C．They occur most often near plate boundaries. D．If you are outside, keep an eye out for danger. E．A second quake might occasionally bigger than the first. F．Sometimes this can be solved with a little reorganization. G．They can strike anywhere, at any time, and without warning. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章概述了地震的不可预测性和可能造成的巨大破坏，然后分别从地震前、地震发生时和地震后三个阶段，详细说明了如何准备、应对和恢复。 13．解析　上文“Earthquakes are unpredictable natural disasters that can cause dramatic damage in seconds.”强调了地震的不可预测性和破坏性。选项G “They can strike anywhere, at any time, and without warning.”进一步说明地震可以在任何地点、任何时间毫无预兆地发生，与前文衔接紧密，且引出下文关于应对地震的内容。故选G。 答案　G 14．解析　上文“Take a tour of each room to look for things that could fall or break.”提出要检查房间里可能掉落或破碎的东西。选项F “Sometimes this can be solved with a little reorganization.”中的“this”指代上文寻找可能掉落或破碎东西这件事，且说明了处理这些问题的方法是重新整理，符合语境。故选F。 答案　F 15．解析　下文“In many situations that means remembering three actions：drop, cover, and hold.”介绍了地震发生时的具体应对动作。选项A “Protect yourself as quickly as possible.”概括了这部分内容的主旨，即尽快保护自己，引出下文。故选A。 答案　A 16．解析　上文“As the Earth settles from its quake, it can produce a series of smaller quakes known as aftershocks.”指出地震后会有一系列较小的余震。选项E “A second quake might occasionally bigger than the first.”进一步说明了地震的情况，这里的“第二次地震”可以理解为余震，且余震有时可能比主震更大，与上文余震的内容相关。故选E。 答案　E 17．解析　空处上文主要介绍了地震后在室内的应对措施。选项D“If you are outside, keep an eye out for danger.”则补充了在室外的情况，即要留意危险，与上文在室内的情况相呼应，使文章关于地震后应对措施的介绍更加全面。故选D。 答案　D 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $