选择性必修第四册 Unit 6 Space and beyond（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2027年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

**基本信息** 聚焦语篇理解与语言运用，融合细节定位、逻辑推理等解题方法，通过真实情境语篇提升语言能力与思维品质。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|2篇（8题）|细节题定位原文关键信息，推理题分析语境逻辑，标题题概括主旨|语篇结构（记叙文/说明文）与信息提取的对应，从具体事实到深层含义的思维递进| |完形填空|1篇（15题）|语境分析上下文逻辑，词汇辨析情感与动作描写|情节发展（恐惧-犹豫-坚持-成功）与词汇搭配的关联，通过上下文线索推断语义| |语法填空|1篇（10题）|时态呼应时间状语，连词判断逻辑关系，非谓语分析成分作用|语法规则（时态/冠词/非谓语等）与语篇语境的结合，从句子结构到语篇连贯的应用|

[对应知能达标训练P574] 说明：阅读理解每题2.5分，完形填空每题1分，语法填空每题1.5分，本试卷共50分。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·安徽合肥第一次教学质检)It was my birthday，and I was celebrating it as I had for years: Watching the annual Perseid meteor shower (流星雨).But this time，as the meteors flashed across the sky，I，a junior girl，began to question，“Could my lifelong love for astronomy be more than a hobby？” I grew up in a small town，where even graduating from high school was not a given for many students.But I was driven to pursue my education，and like my best friend's dad—a pharmacist (药剂师)，one of the few professional role models in my neighborhood，therefore，I chose to major in pharmacy，the science of preparing medicines，at the University of North Carolina. The university was only a 3.5-hour drive away，but it felt across the universe.In the weeks since I began my pharmacy degree，I had met people with jobs and PhDs in different branches of science I had never considered—neuroscience，archaeology，and even astrophysics.Their passion and knowledge opened my eyes to worlds I had never imagined.As my birthday and the Perseid meteor shower approached，I was faced with a decision: Should I stick to my long-standing plans or take a step into the unknown? Ultimately，a solar eclipse (日食) helped me make my decision.As the Moon gradually shaded the Sun，the world darkened around me.The stillness of the water，the desperate calls of birds，and the fading sunset deeply moved me.I knew what I had to do.I dropped out of pharmacy school to pursue previously unimagined options. Facing years of challenges and growth，I worked odd jobs before earning a second degree in physics，starting a PhD in astronomy，and realized that the night sky's vastness inspired me to overcome doubts and follow my dreams.As I approach the final year of my PhD，I realize that growing up with the night sky gave me a valuable gift.It gave me an insight into life: On the scale of our vast universe，our individual needs，desires，fears，and insecurities shrink to insignificance，bringing humanity together.It liberated me from allowing earthly worries，shame，or self-doubt to stand in the way of pursuing new dreams. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个年轻女孩在生日那天观看流星雨时，开始思考自己对天文学的热爱是否要进一步发展。在大学里，她接触到了不同的人群，后来又被日食的情景所启发，最终决定追求天文学的梦想。 1．What motivated the author to major in pharmacy? A．Her ambition to become a doctor. B．The encouragement of her friend. C．Her childhood passion for pharmacy. D．The influence of her best friend's father. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I was driven to pursue my education，and like my best friend's dad — a pharmacist，one of the few professional role models in my neighborhood，therefore，I chose to major in pharmacy”可知，作者最好的朋友的父亲是一名药剂师，他是作者所在社区中为数不多的职业榜样之一，因此，她选择主修药剂学。所以作者是受到了好朋友的父亲的影响才主修药剂学，故选D。文中有逻辑关系词therefore。 答案　D 2．How did the author's experience at university shape her? A．It helped her stick to her belief. B．It opened her mind to new ideas. C．It enhanced her pharmacy study. D．It developed her thinking abilities. 解析　推理判断题。 根据第三段中的“In the weeks since I began my pharmacy degree，I had met people...Their passion and knowledge opened my eyes to worlds I had never imagined”可知，作者在大学期间遇到了来自不同职业的人和不同科学领域的博士，这些人的热情和学识让她看到了她从未想象过的世界。这表明大学经历开阔了她的眼界，使她接触到了新事物。故选B。 答案　B 3．What can we learn from the author's understanding of life? A．Accepting insecurities helps us handle challenges. B．Personal problems still matter in the vast universe. C．It's vital to pursue dreams despite personal challenges. D．It is small and unimportant things that mean a lot to us. 解析　推理判断题。 文章最后一段描述作者追寻梦想过程中的感悟，根据其中的“It gave me an insight into life...It liberated me from allowing earthly worries，shame，or self-doubt to stand in the way of pursuing new dreams.”可知，作者通过自己的经历认识到，在广阔的宇宙中，我们的个人需求、欲望、恐惧和不安全感受都变得微不足道，这让全人类紧密相连。它让作者摆脱了尘世的担忧、羞愧或自我怀疑，不再让它们阻碍自己追寻新的梦想。这表明尽管面临个人挑战，追寻梦想仍然至关重要。故选C。 答案　C 4．Which of the following best describes the author? A．Caring and patient. B．Modest and honest. C．Generous and helpful. D．Curious and determined. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三、四段可知，作者在大学期间，接触到了不同的人群，经过认真思考后决定要踏入新的领域，这体现出她对新事物充满好奇，愿意探索不同的可能性。根据最后一段中的“Facing years of challenges and growth，I worked odd jobs before earning a second degree in physic，starting a PhD in astronomy”可知，作者在决定追求天文梦想之后，面临了诸多挑战，并坚持了下来，坚定地朝着自己的目标前进，这充分体现了她意志坚定的品质。故选D。 答案　D B (2025·湖北石家庄摸底考试)As more and more species near extinction，scientists have been collecting samples from animals，plants and other creatures and storing them in biobanks across the globe.But climate change，environmental disasters and wars threaten these modern Noah's arks.Now，a team of researchers is brainstorming an out-of-this-world solution: building one of these vaults (库) on the moon. A biobank in a permanently shadowed region at the moon's south pole could be far more stable than those on Earth.This part of the moon usually remains around －196 ℃ Celsius，perfect for storing most animal cells long-term，marine biologist Mary Hagedorn and colleagues report in BioScience. Hagedorn and colleagues drew inspiration from the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Norway which takes advantage of below-zero Arctic temperatures to preserve millions of seeds from around the world.In 2017，melting (融化) frozen soil threatened to flood the vault，highlighting the need for a backup plan.A different team has proposed building a lunar ark in lava (熔岩) tubes that run beneath the moon's surface.But that design requires a solar-powered cooling system; any loss of power and the samples would be destroyed.In the moon's forever-frozen shadowed regions，a lunar vault wouldn't need energy or constant human maintenance，Hagedorn's team says. Given the shadowy south pole's low temperatures, Hagedorn says，a vault there could store “one of the most powerful cells that we have today”—fibroblasts.Scientists can transform these animal cells into stem cells.“And then those stem cells can be used for cloning，”she says.The cells could be valuable for regenerating populations of threatened or extinct species and for building ecosystems in future human settlements on the moon or Mars. The proposal has its share of barriers.For instance，the moon's permanently dark regions aren't free from temperature swings，says lunar scientist Benjamin Greenhagen of the Johns Hopkins University.“They are still cold but perhaps not always cold enough for this project without some level of temperature management.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家考虑在月球建立生物样本库，以应对地球上气候变化等威胁。月球南极的低温使其成为储存生物样本的理想地点。 5．Why is the moon an ideal place for the biobank? A．It's not affected by wars. B．It's not environmentally polluted. C．It has proper temperatures. D．It has rich resources for research. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“A biobank in a permanently shadowed region...perfect for storing most animal cells long-term”可知，月球南极永久阴影区的温度通常保持在零下196摄氏度左右，非常适合长期储存大多数动物细胞。由此可知，月球上适宜的温度使其成为生物样本库的理想地点。 答案　C 6．What led to Hagedorn's proposal of a lunar biobank? A．The solar-powered cooling system. B．The lava tubes on the moon's surface. C．The problem facing the Norway Vault. D．The discovery of ice on the lunar pole. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的“Hagedorn and colleagues drew inspiration from the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Norway...highlighting the need for a backup plan.”可知，Hagedorn和同事们从挪威的期瓦尔巴全球种子库获得了灵感，该种子库利用北极零下的温度保存了来自世界各地的数百万颗种子。2017年，融化的冻土随时都可能淹没种子库，这凸显了备用计划的必要性。再结合第三段最后一句可知，挪威种子库面临的问题使Hagedomn和同事们考虑在月球上建立生物样本库。 答案　C 7．What can scientists use fibroblasts to do? A．Form stem cells for cloning. B．Explore moon soil conditions. C．Help land humans on the moon. D．Improve the eco-system of the earth. 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段“a vault there...transform these animal cells into stem cells.‘And then those stem cells can be used for cloning，’”可知，考虑到南极阴影区的低温，那里的样本库可以储存‘我们今天拥有的最强的细胞之一’——成纤维细胞。科学家可以将这些动物细胞转化为干细胞，然后这些干细胞可以用于克隆。 答案　A 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Lunar Exploration：The Next Frontier for Cloning B．Relieving Climate Change: The Moon Biobank Project C．The Moon as a Backup: A New Solution for Seed Storage D．Building Biobanks on the Moon: A Proposal to Save Biodiversity 解析　标题归纳题。文章围绕在月球上建立生物样本库的提议展开，强调其在保护生物多样性中的潜在价值及面临的挑战。D项“在月球上建立生物样本库：拯救生物多样性的提议”适合作文章标题。 答案　D Ⅱ.完形填空 (2025·山东青岛适应性检测)I've always been terrified of heights.The thought of being up high made my heart __9__ and my hands sweat.But one summer，my friends and I decided to try rock climbing，and I chose to face my __10__． We arrived at the climbing gym，and the __11__ walls above us seemed like a huge challenge.When my friends eagerly put on their climbing belts and started practicing on the lower routes，I __12__．I watched them with a mix of admiration and __13__．I could feel a wave of self-doubt wash over me.When it was my __14__，I finally took a deep breath and tied my belt. The first few feet were manageable，but as I climbed higher，my fear __15__．My hands shook，and I grasped the holds __16__．“You're doing great！” my friends __17__ from below，but I could barely hear them for the thundering of my own heart.I looked down and immediately __18__ it，as the ground seemed so far away. I __19__，trying to steady my breathing.I knew I had two choices: give up or keep going.I chose the latter.Slowly，I __20__ upward.The higher I climbed，the more my confidence grew.When I finally reached the top，I couldn't __21__ the smile on my face and felt a sense of __22__． That day，I learned that sometimes，the hardest part of overcoming a fear is taking the first __23__． [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者一直恐高，一次和朋友去攀岩，面对攀岩馆高耸的墙壁内心充满恐惧和犹豫，但在朋友鼓励下，作者没有放弃，最终到达顶端，体会到了成就感，也明白了克服恐惧最困难的部分是迈出第一步。 9．A．break B．fly C．sing D．race 解析　根据上文的“I've always been terrified of heights.”可知，作者一直恐高，因此，想到要在高处作者就会 (因为紧张)心脏快速跳动。race“(因兴奋或害怕)快速转动，急速跳动”符合语境。 答案　D 10．A．danger B．fear C．duty D．future 解析　根据上文的“I've always been terrified of heights.”和下文的“We arrived at the climbing gym”可知，作者一直恐高，但是选择面对自己的恐惧(fear)，和朋友去攀岩。下文的“as I climbed higher，my fear” “overcoming a fear”也是提示。 答案　B 11．A．dividing B．bearing C．towering D．enclosing 解析　根据下文的“walls above us seemed like a huge challenge”和 “I looked down and immediately __18__ it，as the ground seemed so far away”可知，攀爬的墙壁很高。故选C项(towering“高耸的，屹立的”)。dividing “分隔的，起划分作用的”； bearing“承受重量的”；enclosing“封闭的，围住的”。 答案　C 12．A．complained B．hesitated C．agreed D．failed 解析　根据上文的 “When my friends eagerly put on their climbing belts and started practicing on the lower routes”和下文的“I could feel a wave of self-doubt wash over me.”可知，朋友们急切地系上攀爬带，开始攀爬，结合作者恐高的情况可推断作者是犹豫的(hesitated)。 答案　B 13．A．anxiety B．sympathy C．gratitude D．desire 解析　根据下文的“I could feel a wave of self-doubt wash over me.”可知，作者此时是既羡慕朋友又有些焦虑(anxiety)。 答案　A 14．A．choice B．favorite C．turn D．way 解析　根据下文的“I finally took a deep breath and tied my belt”可知，轮到作者时，作者深吸了一口气并系上安全带。故选C。 答案　C 15．A．faded away B．moved on C．fell back D．built up 解析　根据上文的“The first few feet were manageable，but as I climbed higher”可知，开始攀爬的前几英尺还能应付，但是随着爬得更高，作者的恐惧加剧了。fade away“逐渐消失”；move on“进展，前进”；fall back“减少”；build up“逐渐增强”。 答案　D 16．A．tightly B．lightly C．calmly D．skillfully 解析　根据上文的“my fear __15__” “My hands shook，and I grasped the holds” 可知，作者的恐惧加剧且手在颤抖，所以应该是紧紧地(tightly)抓住支撑点。 答案　A 17．A．stressed B．cheered C．joked D．responded 解析　根据上文的“You're doing great！”可知，朋友们在鼓励作者，所以应该是在下面为作者加油(cheered)。 答案　B 18．A．regretted B．discovered C．enjoyed D．made 解析　根据上文的“ I looked down”以及下文的“as the ground seemed so far away”可知，作者往下看，看到地面那么远，结合作者恐高，所以应该是立刻后悔(regretted)往下看了。 答案　A 19．A．cried B．waved C．froze D．accepted 解析　根据下文的“trying to steady my breathing”可知，作者看到地面那么远，顿时吓呆(froze)了。 答案　C 20．A．edged B．jumped C．landed D．rolled 解析　根据上文的“I knew I had two choices: give up or keep going.I chose the latter.”和下文的“The higher I climbed”可知，作者没有放弃，而是选择继续往上爬。edge“徐徐移动，渐渐移动”。 答案　A 21．A．put B．contain C．force D．feel 解析　根据上文的“When I finally reached the top”可知，作者最终到达了顶端，此时内心是喜悦和有成就感的，所以脸上的笑容是抑制不住的。contain“控制，抑制”。故选B项。 答案　B 22．A．responsibility B．direction C．balance D．achievement 解析　根据上文的“When I finally reached the top”可知，作者最终到达了顶端，内心充满成就感。故选D项(achievement“成就”)。 答案　D 23．A．sight B．impression C．step D．chance 解析　上文提到作者克服恐高去攀岩，开始时感到害怕，但最终迈出第一步并成功到达顶端，由此可知，作者明白了克服恐惧最困难的部分是迈出第一步(step)。 答案　C Ⅲ.语法填空 (2025·重庆巴蜀中学适应性模拟)The Milky Way formed around 13.5 billion years ago，but it's not possible to travel back in time to see exactly how it 24.________(happen).Studies of the Galaxy's ancient stars offer some clues，as do simulations(模拟)，25.________the observable light from our home galaxy (星系) was emitted (发出) too recently 26.________(enable) astronomers to examine its beginnings directly.One way around this problem is to study other galaxies that resemble the Milky Way.Mowla used observations from the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST) to investigate 27.________ distant galaxy with a mass that matches the expected mass of the Milky Way 28.________(short) after its formation in the early universe. When astronomers observe distant galaxies，they see light that was emitted billions of years ago，because it takes time 29.________light to travel across space to their telescopes.30.________(earth) distance from such far-away galaxies，and thus how long ago their light was emitted，can be measured，thanks to the constant 31.________(expand) of the universe.As light journeys across the vastness of space，its wavelength is stretched along with the expanding fabric of space，32.________(make) it seem redder than it was when it was emitted.And the change in the wavelength 33.________(determine) by the distance the light travels and the age of the universe at the time of emission. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了天文学家通过研究其他星系来了解银河系的形成过程，以及观测遥远星系时涉及的光传播原理和宇宙膨胀现象。 24．解析　考查动词的时态。前文中的“formed around 13.5 billion years ago”中的时间状语明确提示动作发生在过去。因此此处需用一般过去时表示过去的动作。故填 happened。 答案　happened 25．解析　考查连词。句意：对银河系古老恒星的研究提供了一些线索，模拟也是如此。但从我们所在星系观测到的光线是近期才发出的，天文学家无法借此直接探究银河系的起源。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句子的第一个分句说研究提供线索(正面信息)，第二个分句说我们所在星系观测到的光线是近期才发出的，无法直接探究起源(负面信息)，由此推测空处前后为转折关系，应填具有转折含义的并列连词。故填but。 答案　but 26．解析　考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。句子结构分析和句意见上题。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处是“too...to...”结构，表示“太……而不能……”，因此空处应填不定式to enable。 答案　to enable 27．解析　考查冠词。此处表示泛指，意为“Mowla利用詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜的观测数据研究了一个遥远的星系”，且distant的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。 答案　a 28．解析　考查副词。此处需要副词修饰介词短语after its formation，short的副词形式为 shortly，表示“不久”。故填 shortly。 答案　shortly 29．解析　考查介词和句型。此处是“it takes some time for sb/sth to do sth”的固定句型。故填for。 答案　for 30．解析　考查名词所有格。此处需要用名词所有格形式，表示“地球的”。空处位于句首，单词首字母大写，故填Earth's。 答案　Earth's 31．解析　考查名词。空前的定冠词the和形容词constant修饰空处，因此空处需要填入名词形式。故填expansion。 答案　expansion 32．解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句意和结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作结果状语，此处表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词形式。故填making。 答案　making 33．解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：波长的变化由光传播的距离和光被发射时宇宙的年龄决定。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；the change与determine之间是被动关系，空处应用被动语态；主语为the change，空处应用单数。故填is determined。 答案　is determined 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $