选择性必修第二册 Unit 4 Breaking boundaries（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2027年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

**基本信息** 以真实语境为载体，整合阅读技能、语境词汇与语法规则，通过题型专项解法与逻辑链构建，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|2篇8题|细节题同义转换、态度题关键词推断、推理题逻辑分析、主旨题整体归纳|从局部信息到篇章主旨，分层考查信息获取与思辨能力，融入城市复兴、睡眠健康等现实话题，渗透文化意识| |完形填空|1篇15题|上下文语境分析、逻辑关系（转折/因果）、词汇语境应用|以环保出行为线索，通过情节发展考查词汇在语境中的精准运用，强化语篇连贯思维| |语法填空|1篇10题|非谓语作状语/定语、时态语态、定语从句、冠词特指|系统覆盖核心语法点，从词法（冠词）到句法（从句），构建语法规则应用逻辑链，结合阴阳哲学传递文化内涵|

[对应知能达标训练P525] 说明：阅读理解每题2.5分，完形填空每题1分，语法填空每题1.5分，本试卷共50分。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·湖南长沙新高考适应性考试)Like other cities in New Jersey's Rust Belt (锈带)，Paterson has fallen on hard times，with its once-famous textile (纺织品) industry in disrepair and its schools abandoned. Strickland，an expert in school design and instructor at MIT in Boston，had been hired as a consultant to help Paterson find sites for new schools.The architect hatched a grand plan to help revitalize (复兴) Paterson's schools and the city itself. Six career academies are holding classes at old sites.These small changes have not gone unnoticed.The city，as the residents expected，has the potential to shine. A nearly unoccupied three-story shopping mall houses two schools，one focused on medical careers，the other on media arts and urban planning.English and math teachers for the two schools lead classes in storefronts that were empty just a year ago.Across town，under the thick wooden beams (横梁) of an old textile factory and a train engine plant，students with disabilities will learn about careers with the region's transportation systems. Strickland requires his graduate students at MIT to help Paterson construct models for new building projects in the city.Jane Riesman，one of Strickland's students，has been working with her kids on an educational park that would replace a wasteland of lifeless asphalt (沥青) and grass that stretches between two downtown schools.The surrounding neighborhood is hardly inspiring; pulling-down of a high-rise housing project is underway，showering dust everywhere.But Riesman's students envision a very different place.One of the student models includes a swimming pool，skating court，climbing wall，sandbox，and a pond with a fountain and lots of trees.“It's fun，and it makes us feel like we're in charge and helping the community，” says 15-year-old Marilyn Medina，one of the model's creators. Strickland says it's important for the students to dream.“They're setting a tone for the town，” he says.“The kids can push the envelope and change the culture.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Paterson陷入困境，为了振兴Paterson，Strickland所采取的一系列的措施。 1．What was Paterson like in the past according to paragraph 1? A．It fell into severe disrepair. B．It rarely produced any iron. C．Its textile industry was well known. D．Its schools were completely deserted. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，与新泽西州“锈带”的其他城市一样，Paterson 也陷入了困境，曾经著名的纺织厂年久失修，学校也被废弃。所以在过去Paterson的纺织厂很有名，故选C。 C项中的 well known与原文中的once-famous是同义转换。 D项与第三段中的信息“Six career academies are holding classes at old sites.”不符，故排除。 答案　C 2．What was the residents' attitude towards Strickland's plan? A．Opposed. B．Favorable. C．Dismissive. D．Uncaring. 解析　观点态度题。根据第三段中的“These small changes have not gone unnoticed.The city，as the residents expected，has the potential to shine.”可知，这些微小的变化并没有被忽视。正如居民们所期望的那样，这座城市有潜力发光。根据not gone unnoticed，expected和shine可以推断出居民们对Strickland的计划是赞成的，故选B。 答案　B 3．What can we infer about Riesman's students? A．Diligent and innocent. B．Funny and responsible. C．Honest and trustworthy. D．Imaginative and helpful. 解析　推理判断题。 根据第五段中的“pulling-down of a high-rise...But Riesman's students envision a very different place...lots of trees”可知，一项高层住宅项目的拆除正在进行中，尘土四处飞扬。但Riesman的学生们设想了一个完全不同的地方，其中一个学生模型包括一个游泳池、一个滑冰场、一堵攀岩墙、一个沙坑以及一个带喷泉和许多树的池塘。由此可推断学生们是很富有想象力的，且该段中的“It's fun，and it makes...helping the community”也说明学生们是乐于助人的。故选D。 答案　D 4．What does the text focus on? A．Transforming old buildings to make them shine. B．Revitalizing the city's shopping mall. C．Developing students' logical thinking. D．Witnessing the rise and fall of Paterson. 解析　主旨大意题。文章主要讲述Paterson曾经著名的纺织厂年久失修，学校也被废弃，Strickland为振兴Paterson而采取了一系列措施。故选A。 答案　A B (2025·四川南充一诊)We've all been there: lying in bed wide awake and desperately wondering how to get to dreamland.While having trouble drifting off to sleep isn't unusual，it still can be frustrating.Fortunately sleep experts are gaining an increasingly strong understanding of what's happening in the brain during the process. Falling asleep is a big shift for your brain.This switch is governed in part by environmental cues，such as light or temperature.A hot summer night or a bright streetlamp beside the window can interfere (干扰).The process of nodding off can also be affected by your emotions. “You need to feel both physically and psychologically safe to sleep，”says Roxanne Prichard，a neuroscientist at the University of St.Thomas，Minnesota.“If you are sleeping next to someone you don't trust，if you're worried that the newborn that you're caring for might stop breathing，it's going to be hard to fall asleep.” One of the recommendations to address insomnia is getting out of bed and sitting somewhere quietly with dull light and just relaxing，doing something boring.You could use the time to read，listen to calming music，or do breathing exercises—anything that slows and comforts your body and mind.But avoid snacking，exercise and screens. It's also important to resist the urge to concentrate on your worries，especially in the middle of the night.Not only will those thoughts keep you awake，you also probably won't make much progress on what's keeping you up because your prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮质)，a part of the brain that is good at planning and analysis，doesn't function well for the poor blood supply at night. Keep it in mind that even if your night's rest is incomplete，avoid the urge to make up for it by sleeping in or napping the next day.“If you nap during the day，especially longer naps，then your brain gets few signals of sleep and will be less likely to fall asleep quickly at bedtime，” says Prichard.If losing sleep interferes with your ability to function during the day，which could indicate something physiological is at play，seeing a doctor would be necessary. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了影响睡眠的因素以及改善睡眠的建议。 5．Which of the following is most likely to cause trouble in sleep? A．A slow soft tune. B．A dull streetlamp. C．A cool summer night. D．A two-day-old baby. 解析　推理判断题。第三段提到“if you're worried that the newborn that you're caring for might stop breathing，it's going to be hard to fall asleep.”，即如果你担心你照顾的新生儿可能会停止呼吸，那么入睡将会很困难，由此可推知，身边有一个两天大的婴儿最可能导致睡眠问题。故选D。 答案　D 6．Why is it hard to make much progress on the concerns in the middle of the night? A．The resistance may make people worried. B．The brain can't plan and analyze problems. C．The prefrontal cortex works less efficiently. D．The problems may keep people awake. 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“you also probably won't make much progress...doesn't function well for the poor blood supply at night”可知，在让你夜不能寐的问题上，你很可能也无法取得太多进展，因为你的前额叶皮质在夜间血液供应不足时无法很好地运行，它是大脑中的一个擅长规划和分析的部位，故选C。选项中的“works less efficiently”是对文中的“doesn't function well”的同义转换。 答案　C 7．What's Prichard's attitude towards naps in the day for night's incomplete rest? A．Opposed. B．Ambiguous. C．Supportive. D．Neutral. 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“‘If you nap during the day...will be less likely to fall asleep quickly at bedtime，’says Prichard”可知，大脑得到的睡眠信号就会很少，该睡觉时就更不可能迅速入睡，即白天打盹可能造成晚上入睡困难。由此可判断，Prichard对于因夜晚休息不好而在白天打盹是不支持的态度。故选A。 答案　A 8．What's the author's purpose in writing this passage? A．To highlight the negative effects of sleep loss. B．To illustrate the process of falling asleep in the brain. C．To explain the causes of poor sleep and offer solutions. D．To discuss the importance of a good sleep environment. 解析　写作意图题。文章主要介绍了影响睡眠的因素以及处理失眠的建议。因此，文章的目的是“解释睡眠不佳的原因并提供解决方案”，故选C。 答案　C Ⅱ.完形填空 (2025·江西南昌一模)I passed my test when I was 19，and I've been behind the wheel for most journeys since.After becoming a __9__eight years ago，I became more dependent on my car，thinking that it meant security for me and my child.I couldn't __10__a world where I didn't get around on four wheels，but that all __11__when I tried going car-free. Earlier this year，I __12__ for a challenge posed by the climate charity to see what it would be like without my car for three weeks.I __13__a bike.Straight away，I enjoyed having a break from driving，especially on the__14__ run.What was once an unpredictable trip to my daughter's school often stuck in traffic was now a __15__ ride along the canal.And my daughter loved every moment of it，which gave me the __16__to know that we were doing the right thing. Giving up my car didn't come without its __17__．I work in a grocery，and although there are__18__ car parking space，there isn't enough bike parking space to __19__ my bike securely.On balance，the benefits outweighed the disadvantages.I felt myself getting __20__ because I was getting exercise during my commute(通勤的路程).I saved a bit of money every week just like other participants in this__21__． I was surprised by how __22__it was to give up the car and get around on my bike.I __23__to think it was my duty as a parent to be a driver.Now it's my duty to get on my bike whenever I can. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述自己曾经是一位依赖汽车的人，经过一次挑战三周不开车而骑自行车去接送女儿的经历后，发现这样不仅有趣、锻炼了身体，还节省了油钱。作者认为从整体来说这样做利大于弊，并将继续进行下去。 9．A．driver B．shopkeeper C．student D．parent 解析　根据下文的“thinking that it meant security for me and my child”中的my child可知，作者八年前成为一位家长，故选D。 答案　D 10．A．imagine B．enter C．create D．explore 解析　根据上文的“I became more dependent on my car，thinking that it meant security for me and my child”可知，作者成为一位家长后，变得更加依赖汽车，认为这对他和孩子来说意味着安全。故本句指的是作者不能想象(imagine)没有这四个轮子的汽车的情况下去四处逛是一个什么样的世界。enter“进入”；create“创造，创作”；explore“探索”。 答案　A 11．A．happened B．worked C．changed D．mattered 解析　本句中的关键词是but，上文谈到作者非常依赖汽车，根据下文的“when I tried going car-free”可知，当作者尝试无车出行的时候一切都改变了(changed)。matter重要，要紧。 答案　C 12．A．headed off B．signed up C．calmed down D．checked up 解析　根据下文作者没有用车出行可知，作者今年早些时候报名参加了气候慈善机构提出的挑战，看看没有车三周会是什么样子。故选sign up“报名参加”。head off“离开”；calm down“冷静下来”；check up“检查”。 答案　B 13．A．switched B．bought C．transformed D．donated 解析　上文谈到作者参加了一个三周不开车的挑战，故可推知本句指的是作者买了(bought)一个自行车。switch“(使)改变，转变，突变”；transform“使改变外观(或性质)，使改观”；donate“捐赠，赠送”。 答案　B 14．A．school B．grocery C．family D．office 解析　根据下文的“an unpredictable trip to my daughter's school”可知，此处表示作者尤其享受不开车接送女儿上下学的状态，故选school。 答案　A 15．A．wild B．dangerous C．fun D．busy 解析　因为以前作者开车去女儿的学校经常堵车，现在骑车了，就能沿着运河骑行，作者应是觉得很有意思，故选fun。空后的“my daughter loved every moment of it”也是提示。 答案　C 16．A．reason B．hope C．lesson D．fuel 解析　作者的女儿喜欢骑行的每一刻，这让作者知道他们在做正确的事情，故选A。 答案　A 17．A．shortcomings B．doubts C．requirements D．rewards 解析　根据下文的没有足够的自行车停车场来安全地停放自行车可知，放弃开车是有缺点的。shortcoming“缺点”符合题意。doubt“疑惑”；requirement“所需的(或所要的)东西”；reward“奖励，回报”。 答案　A 18．A．permanent B．sufficient C．few D．free 解析　根据下文的“there isn't enough bike parking space”和空前的although可知，此处表示“虽然有足够的汽车停车位”，sufficient“足够的”符合题意。permanent“永久的”。 答案　B 19．A．clean B．ride C．lock D．repair 解析　根据常识可知，在停车场停车是要把车锁起来的，故选lock“锁”。 答案　C 20．A．smarter B．richer C．luckier D．fitter 解析　根据下文的“I was getting exercise during my commute”可知，在通勤期间作者锻炼了身体，故此处应是作者感到身体越来越健康，故选fitter“更健康”。 答案　D 21．A．stay B．research C．trial D．conference 解析　根据第二段中谈到的“a challenge posed by the climate charity...for three weeks”可知，作者报名了一个慈善机构发出的挑战，看看三周不开车会怎样。故本空选trial“试验”。 答案　C 22．A．pleasant B．awkward C．precious D．anxious 解析　上文谈到了作者通过这次挑战不开车而骑自行车的经历后，既感到有趣又锻炼了身体，还节省了油钱，故可知作者认为这样做是令人愉悦的。pleasant“令人愉快的”；awkward“令人尴尬的”；precious“宝贵的”；anxious“担心的”。 答案　A 23．A．failed B．used C．started D．continued 解析　根据下文的Now可知本句指的是过去的事情，指的是作者过去曾经认为作为父母，作者有责任成为一名司机。used to do“过去惯常做，现在则不了”。 答案　B Ⅲ.语法填空 (2025·湖北T8联盟压轴卷一)The concept of yin and yang is a Chinese philosophy that suggests there are opposing but interconnected forces that work together 24.________(affect) people's lives and health.It is an important component in many aspects of Chinese philosophy，medicine，and culture in general. The yin-yang symbol 25.________(refer) to as the tai chi symbol.In its simplest form，it's shown as a circle 26.________(divide) into two teardrop-shaped elements—one of 27.________ is black and the other white.Each side has a smaller circle inside it made of 28.________ opposite color.Generally speaking，yin stands for inward (内在的) energy that is feminine，dark，and negative.Yang，however，is more associated with outward energy，masculine，bright，and positive. There are many written records about yin and yang，some 29.________(date) back thousands of years.Some people believe the earliest known instance is in The Book of Songs: “Viewing the scenery at a hill，looking for yinyang.” While this verse may seem filled with philosophical meaning，it was 30.________(probable) just a poetic turn of phrase at the time. The earliest evidence of the yin-yang symbol appears 31.________various animal remains used for divination (占卜)，and the symbol served as simple indications of natural 32.________(phenomenon). Essentially，yin and yang conveys our inner need for balance and harmony.With more meanings and understandings created over time，the yin-yang symbol remains 33.________(influence) at home and abroad. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国阴阳哲学的核心概念、符号及历史渊源。 24．解析　考查动词的非谓语形式。此处表示“存在着对立但又相互联系的力量，它们共同影响着人们的生活和健康”。设空处是动词的非谓语形式作目的状语，应用不定式形式。故填to affect。 答案　to affect 25．解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处作谓语，与其主语The yin-yang symbol(单数)构成被动关系，且此处介绍客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is referred。 答案　is referred 26．解析　考查动词的非谓语形式。此处表示“一个圆圈被分成两个泪珠形状的元素”。设空处作后置定语修饰名词 circle，两者构成逻辑上的被动关系(圆圈被分割)，应用过去分词形式。故填 divided。 答案　divided 27．解析　考查定语从句。此处表示“一个圆圈被分成两个泪珠形状的元素——一个是黑色的，另一个是白色的”。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是elements，设空处在从句中作介词的宾语，应用关系代词which。 答案　which 28．解析　考查冠词。the opposite...表示“相反的……”，为特指。 答案　the 29．解析　考查动词的非谓语形式。此处为独立主格结构，设空处与其逻辑主语some之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填dating。 答案　dating 30．解析　考查词性转换。设空处表示“很可能”，应用副词形式。故填probably。 答案　probably 31．解析　考查介词。此处表示“阴阳符号最早的证据出现在各种用于占卜的动物遗骸上”。appear on表示“出现在……上”。 答案　on 32．解析　考查名词的复数形式。phenomenon是可数名词，前无限定词，应用复数形式，表泛指。故填phenomena。 答案　phenomena 33．解析　考查词性转换。空前有系动词remains，设空处应用形容词形式作表语。故填influential。 答案　influential 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $