必修第三册 Unit 5 What an adventure（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2027年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

**基本信息** 聚焦科学与社会主题，整合阅读理解与七选五题型，通过题型分类解析构建“定位-分析-推断”解题体系，强化跨学科知识逻辑与思维品质培养。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|12题（含观点态度、细节理解等）|题型分类解析（如观点态度题抓情感词汇、推理判断题依逻辑链）|以科学类说明文为载体，构建“文本信息-题型方法-思维能力”逻辑链，体现语言能力与文化意识融合| |七选五|5题|注重上下文衔接词与段落主旨分析|通过“段落逻辑-衔接关系-主旨匹配”推导，强化语篇结构理解与学习能力|

[对应知能达标训练P490] 说明：阅读理解每题2.5分，七选五每题2.5分，本试卷共42.5分。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2026·浙江杭州质检)Plastic and cheap clothes are not a glorious legacy(遗产).But a scientist exploring which items from our technological civilisation are most likely to survive for many millions of years as fossils (化石) has reached an ironic and instructive conclusion: Plastic and fast fashion will be our everlasting geological signature. “Plastic will definitely be a signature ‘technofossil’，because it is incredibly durable.We are making massive amounts of it，and it gets around the entire globe，” says Sarah Gabbott，a University of Leicester expert on fossils.“So wherever those future civilisations dig，they are going to find plastic.” Clothes will also make an abrupt entry into humanity's fossil record.Today，the world's growing population often wears mass-produced synthetic (合成的) clothing that is rapidly dumped and it is not as easily rotted as cotton and silk. “We are making it in ridiculous amounts，” says Gabbott.“We stick it into landfills (废物填埋场)，which are like giant mummification tombs.It is already clear that much of modern fashion will end up being truly timeless.” Fossils are not just objects left behind，but also the traces of life's activity written into the rocks.Human activities，such as oil drilling and nuclear tests，will leave lasting scars.Humankind has also created many near-indestructible chemicals，such as dioxins and DDT.Given that similar molecules produced by bacteria have been found in rocks that are 1，600 m years old in Western Australia，these chemicals appear to be here to stay.“And there is the graphite (石墨) used in pencils，” says Gabbott.“It is endearing to think that it may be the drawings of children that may survive best of all: a pencil portrait，perhaps，of a family outside a house，with the sun shining and a rainbow arcing across the sky，” she says jokingly. “The big message here is that the amount of stuff we are now making is eyewatering—it's off the scale，” says Gabbott.All of the stuff made by humans by 1950 was a small part of all the matter on Earth.But today it outweighs all plants and animals.“This raises serious questions for us all，” she says.“Do you need that? Do you really need to buy more？” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了塑料和快时尚等人类大量制造且耐用的物品将成为人类在地质历史上永恒的标志，这引发了人们对消费行为的思考。 1．What does the author think of the legacy mentioned in paragraph 1? A．Troubling. B．Short-lived. C．Technologically weak. D．Environmentally harmless. 解析　观点态度题。根据第一段中的“Plastic and cheap clothes are not a glorious legacy(遗产).”可知，作者认为塑料和廉价衣服并非光彩的遗产；再结合后文讲述的塑料和被快速丢弃的合成衣物对环境的影响可推断出，作者觉得这些遗产是令人担忧的。 答案　A 2．What can be categorized as technofossils? A．Dinosaur bones. B．Cotton clothing. C．Nuclear waste. D．Solid landfills. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Plastic will definitely be a signature ‘technofossil’，because it is incredibly durable.” 以及第五段中的“Human activities，such as oil drilling and nuclear tests，will leave lasting scars.”可知，技术化石是人类技术产生的且能长久留存的物质，核废料是人类核活动产生且难以消失的，可归类为技术化石。 答案　C 3．Why is “the drawings of children” mentioned in paragraph 5? A．To highlight human creativity. B．To celebrate modern technology. C．To stress that warmth of life is here to stay. D．To indicate that chemicals could be fossilized. 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可知，该段提到人类制造了许多几乎不可摧毁的化学物质，即这些化学物质能长久留存，接着以儿童绘画为例说了铅笔中的石墨的长久留存，所以提到儿童绘画是为了表明像石墨这样的化学物质可以被石化，被留存很久。 答案　D 4．What is Gabbott's primary concern? A．Biodiversity loss. B．Geological record accuracy. C．Technological progress. D．Overproduction of material goods. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Gabbott说的话 “The big message here is that the amount of stuff we are now making is eyewatering—it's off the scale” 以及 “Do you need that? Do you really need to buy more？” 可知，Gabbott 强调人类现在制造的物质数量令人痛苦，已经离谱了，并对人们的消费需求提出疑问。 所以她主要关心的是物质产品的过度生产。 答案　D B (2025·湖北武汉部分高中九月调研)With a surface hot enough to melt lead in its atmosphere，Venus has been described as “Earth's evil twin”—similar in size，yet worlds apart.The question of whether Venus was ever habitable has long been a hot topic among scientists.Some astronomers believe the planet was once much more hospitable，but a recent research by Tereza Constantinou，a PhD student from the University of Cambridge，has now dealt a blow to the idea that it ever hosted life as we know it. Constantinou noted that early in the formation of Venus，the planet was covered in a vast sea of magma(岩浆).If this cooled quickly，water would form oceans or be trapped as it crystallised(结晶)，meaning the planet's interior(内部) would be water-rich.As a result，water would be released when volcanoes erupt.“If you look at any photos of volcanism on Earth，you can see these large clouds coming out.Most of that is water，” said Constantinou.But if the magma cooled slowly，water would have ended up as steam in the atmosphere.In this situation，water would not be trapped inside the interior of the planet. Constantinou and his colleagues studied changes in the Venusian atmosphere to cast light on the water content of its interior.When they analysed the amount of substances being refilled，they found very little water was being added.In other words，volcanic eruptions are “dry”．“The shortage of water in volcanic release reflects an equally dry Venusian interior，” said Constantinou.The team announced that their findings did not support the theory that Venus had surface oceans of water in its past，or a habitable climate. Their conclusion could soon be tested.Later this decade，NASA is set to launch a mission to carry out fly-bys of Venus.Constantinou said resolving the question could help astronomers rule out Venus as a habitable planet now that the dry interior of Venus suggests it never has the oceans of liquid water traditionally thought necessary for life to begin. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。金星是否曾经宜居这一问题长期以来一直是科学家们热议的话题。最近的一项研究称金星内部缺水、火山干燥，宜居可能性低。 5．What is the finding of the recent research? A．Venus is Earth's identical twin. B．Venus sets the whole world apart. C．Venus was unlikely to sustain life. D．Venus was more habitable than thought. 解析　推理判断题。 根据第一段中的“but a recent research by Tereza Constantinou...as we know it”可知，Tereza Constantinou的最近研究却给“金星曾孕育生命”的想法泼了冷水。这表明研究发现的是金星不太可能维持生命。故选C。 答案　C 6．What is paragraph 2 mainly talking about concerning the research? A．Its methods. B．Its procedures. C．Its potential impact. D．Its theoretical foundation. 解析　段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，该段主要阐述“岩浆海→水蒸气→内部缺水”这一研究逻辑，属于研究的理论基础。故选D。 答案　D 7．How did Constantinou and his colleagues draw their conclusion? A．By analysing the changes of water content. B．By studying the properties of substances. C．By investigating the components of water. D．By examining the differences of volcanoes. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Constantinou and his colleagues studied changes...very little water was being added.”可知，Constantinou和他的同事们研究金星大气的变化来揭示金星内部的含水量。当他们分析正在补充的物质数量时，发现新增的水量非常少。所以可以推断出，他们是通过分析含水量的变化得出结论的。故选A。 答案　A 8．What can the finding be used to do according to Constantinou? A．Carry out more fly-bys. B．Identify upcoming threats. C．Conduct Venus observations. D．Narrow down astronomers' search. 解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Constantinou said resolving the question could help...necessary for life to begin”可知，Constantinou 表示，解决这一问题有助于天文学家排除金星作为宜居行星的可能性——金星内部干燥表明它从未拥有过传统观点认为生命起源所必需的液态水海洋。所以该项研究发现可以帮助天文学家缩小搜索范围。故选D。 答案　D C (2025·湖南长沙新高考适应性考试)Artificial intelligence—or AI—is the computer code (代码) that allows a machine to do something that normally requires a human brain.On social media，for instance，AI sorts the posts so that the first ones you see are likely to be those you'd prefer.But before AI can do any of that，developers must train it.And the training consumes energy. AI training is powered mostly by fossil(化石) fuels，according to one of the largest studies of its kind.Less than 25 percent of AI uses low-carbon energy sources such as hydroelectricity and nuclear power during training.In fact，researchers now worry that training's appetite for energy could soon become a huge problem.The energy to develop AI comes out of the electrical net.And in most parts of the world，making electricity emits (排放) carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the air. Language-processing AI systems learn by devouring (吞食) texts in a particular language.This might include “reading” everything ever published online in some language，including libraries full of old books that have been digitalized.Such data-intensive training uses a lot of energy.To translate between English and Chinese，for example，an AI model may deal with millions or even billions of translated books and articles.In this way，it learns which words and phrases match.Later，when given a new text，it recommends its own translation. In 2019，researchers calculated the impact of developing the AI model named Transformer.It released a massive 626，000 pounds of carbon dioxide.That's equal to greenhouse gases that would be poured by five American cars from when they were made to when they were junked. Today，most AI development happens at data centers.These computer-filled buildings account for some 2 percent of US electricity use and 1 percent of global energy use.Some AI experts have sounded an alarm about the threat these energy giants pose. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。人工智能给人们的生活带来了很多便利，但是开发人工智能需要消耗大量能源，会向空气中排放二氧化碳和其他温室气体。 9．What is AI training mainly energized by? A．Fossil fuels. B．Solar energy. C．Nuclear energy. D．Greenhouse gases. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“AI training is powered mostly by fossil fuels”可知，人工智能训练主要由化石燃料提供动力。故选A。原文的fossil fuels与A项为原词复现。 答案　A 10．What do we know about the language-processing AI systems? A．They process limited texts. B．They will replace translators. C．They seldom read digital books. D．They are energy-consuming. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Language-processing AI systems learn...a lot of energy.”可知，语言处理人工智能系统通过吞食特定语言的文本来学习。这可能包括“阅读”网上用某种语言出版的所有东西，包括涵盖了已数字化旧书的系列丛书。这种数据密集型训练需要消耗大量能源。故选D。文中的“uses a lot of energy”与D项中的energy-consuming 是同义转换。 答案　D 11．Why does the author mention Transformer in paragraph 4? A．To highlight its significance. B．To speak highly of AI's power. C．To demonstrate researchers' creativity. D．To stress its effect on the environment. 解析　写作意图题。根据第四段中的“In 2019，researchers calculated the impact of developing... when they were made to when they were junked.”可知，2019年，研究人员推测了开发名为Transformer的人工智能模型的影响。它释放了626 000磅的一氧化碳，这相当于五辆美国汽车从制造到报废所排放的温室气体。提到Transformer是为了强调它对于环境的影响。故选D。 答案　D 12．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．AI's development poses a threat to data centers. B．The energy consumption of AI can't be ignored. C．AI is effectively transforming the way we learn. D．People should take action to reduce gas emissions. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，大多数人工智能开发都在数据中心进行。这些充满电脑的建筑占美国用电量的2%，占全球用电量的1%。一些人工智能专家对这些能源巨头构成的威胁发出了警告。从中我们可以推断出，人工智能的能耗是不容忽视的。故选B。 答案　B Ⅱ.七选五 (2025·山东济南摸底考试)Children experience the joy and wonder of new experiences almost daily.However，for many adults，these emotions get lost in the day-to-day repetition of everyday life and routine.__13__ Trying new things is good for our brain.It helps us think more creatively and enhances confidence.It also helps us destress in that a new experience can help break harmful or negative routines.__14__ We will consider things from new and different perspectives. It is obvious that trying new things is good for our mental health.__15__ Participating in new physical activities can improve our physical fitness，boost our energy levels，and enhance our overall health.For example，trying a new sport or exercise routine can increase our flexibility and strength.Having new experiences can also have a positive impact on our social lives.__16__ When we step out of our comfort zones and engage in new activities，we meet people with different backgrounds and perspectives，which can broaden our horizons and enrich our lives.Building new relationships can provide us with a sense of belonging. Still，it can be scary to break routine and try something totally different.__17__ Start small by breaking a goal into smaller steps.And be very specific about the goal.For example，instead of aiming to work on arm strength，make a goal of doing twenty arm curls (弯曲运动) a day.In addition，be realistic and make sure the goal is practicable in terms of finances and free time. While it is easy to get caught up in the daily tiring activities of life，always keep in mind that doing something new can be the best thing we can do for ourselves.So we'd better make the wise choice. A．However，it is also good for our body. B．It can help us expand our social connections. C．Luckily there are practical tips to make a change. D．New experiences are critical to overcoming fears. E．Doing something new also promotes flexible thinking. F．Every new experience contributes to our personal growth. G．And yet，new experiences are vital for our overall wellbeing. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为什么我们要尝试新的事物以及尝试新的东西带来的一些益处。 13．解析　空前一句提到对于许多成年人来说，日常生活和常规流程的重复让他们丢失了新的经历给他们带来的快乐和惊喜。G项“然而，新的经历对于我们方方面面的幸福是非常重要的”说明新的经历的重要性，且与第二段的第一句话和第三段第一句呼应。故选G。 答案　G 14．解析　空前两句话提到：尝试新的东西能够帮助我们创造性地思考，提升我们的自信；它也能够帮助我们减压，因为新的经历能够帮助我们摆脱有害的或者消极的常规流程。E项“做某件新的事情也能够促进我们思维的灵活性”符合语境，其中的also promotes与本段中的helps，also helps是同义复现，故选E。 答案　E 15．解析　本段第一句“很明显，尝试新的事物对我们的精神健康是有好处的”点明尝试新事物在精神方面的好处；而下文的“improve our physical fitness，boost our energy levels，and enhance our overall health”总结它带来的身体方面的好处，故A项“然而，它对我们的身体也是有好处的”承上启下，符合语境。 答案　A 16．解析　根据空前句可知，有新的经历也会对我们的社交生活产生积极的影响。根据空后可知，当我们走出我们的舒适圈，参与到新的活动中，我们会遇到有着不同背景、不同观点的人，这能开阔我们的眼界并丰富我们的生活。建立新的关系能给我们一种归属感。B项“它能帮助我们扩大我们的社会联系”承上启下，符合语境。其中的“expand our social connections”与文中的“meet people with different backgrounds and perspectives”相呼应。 答案　B 17．解析　空前讲打破常规、尝试完全不同的东西会让人害怕，空后“把一个目标分成几个较小的步骤开始，把目标非常具体化”在告诉我们具体该如何打破常规、去尝试一些不同的事情。C项“幸运的是，有一些实用的建议来帮助我们做出改变”承上启下，符合语境。C项中的“practical tips”与下文的“Start small”和“be very specific”相呼应。 答案　C 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $