必修第二册 Unit 1 Food for thought（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2027年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

**基本信息** 聚焦高考高频题型，通过典型语篇系统提炼细节理解、推理判断等解题方法，强化语言能力与思维品质的融合训练。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解A/B/C|12题（含细节理解、推理判断、段落大意）|定位原文关键信息，分析选项逻辑关系，归纳段落主旨|围绕健康、科学研究主题，构建“现象-分析-结论”语篇逻辑，考查信息提取与深层推理能力| |七选五|5题|关注上下文衔接词，分析段落主旨与选项匹配度|以“健康饮食”为主题，通过“提出问题-给出建议-总结”结构，训练语篇连贯思维与信息整合能力|

[对应知能达标训练P456] 说明：阅读理解每题2.5分，七选五每题2.5分，本试卷共42.5分。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·江西南昌模拟)For thousands of years，people have changed food to please their sense of taste.More than 3，000 years ago Mesoamericans，living in what is Mexico and Central America today，cooked corn kernels(玉米粒) in a solution of wood ash or limestone.The process unlocked nutrients and softened the tough outer shells of the corn，making it easier to chew. With the invention of canned goods in the 19th century，the industrial-scale transformation of food became possible.According to the UN，the average daily food supply available for a person in the rich world increased by over 20% between 1961 and 2021，to 3，500 kilocalories.In that time，obesity rates have more than tripled; today，nearly one in three people globally is obese or overweight. Now worries are mounting that the heavy processing used to cook up cheap，tasty snacks may itself be harmful.A particular target is “ultra-processed foods”(UPFs)，heavily processed foods like ice-cream or instant noodles.At the heart of the debate is a question: are UPFs unhealthy because their nutritional content is poor，or does the processing somehow pose risks in itself? At the turn of the 21st century some scientists noticed that people in Brazil were buying less sugar and oil than in the past.Yet rates of obesity were still rising.This unintentionally occurred with the growing popularity of packaged desserts and ready-made meals. By now numerous studies have shown that people who consume diets high in UPFs tend to have more health problems.But a recent analysis by Samuel Dicken and Rachel Batterham at University College London reviewed 37 studies and found that even after adjusting for fat，sugar and salt UPFs were still strongly linked to poor health.That suggests there is more to their harm than just a poor nutrient profile. Where those harms come from is still unclear，however.With so many influential causes that could also explain poor health—such as income and education—observational studies alone cannot offer conclusive answers.Arne Astrup，a Danish researcher，argues that evidently most of the studies that make statistical adjustments to try to isolate(分离) the effects of processing are “not good enough”． [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如今人们对深度加工的担忧。众多研究表明摄入超加工食品多的人健康问题更多，但其危害的来源尚不明确。 1．Why did Mesoamericans process corn kernels? A．To ensure better consumption. B．To enable easy handling. C．To discover new solutions. D．To facilitate safe storage. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “Mesoamericans...cooked corn kernels (玉米粒) in a solution of wood ash or limestone.The process unlocked nutrients and softened the tough outer shells of the corn，making it easier to chew”可知，中美洲人加工玉米粒是为了释放营养成分，软化坚硬的外壳，使其更易于咀嚼，也就是为了确保更好的食用体验。 答案　A 2．What do the data in paragraph 2 show? A．The history of food industry. B．The benefits of preserved food. C．The results of food mass production. D．The development of food processing. 解析　推理判断题。第二段首先提到罐头食品发明后食物工业化大规模加工变得可行，接着给出数据说明食物供应量增加和肥胖率上升，也就是食品大规模生产带来的结果。 答案　C 3．What can be inferred about ultra-processed foods? A．Their popularity is in decline. B．Their presence changes Brazilians' diet. C．Their nutrients can make up for their risks. D．Their processing methods arouse concerns. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Now worries are mounting that the heavy processing... may itself be harmful.A particular target is ‘ultra-processed foods’ (UPFs)，heavily processed foods like ice-cream or instant noodles.”可知，人们越来越担心过度加工过程可能有害，超加工食品成为特别关注的对象，也就是其加工方式引起了人们的关注和担忧。 答案　D 4．Why do observational studies fail to determine the effects of UPFs? A．Many factors affect the results. B．The related statistics are inaccurate. C．The studies lack enough evidence. D．The causes of harm remain unknown. 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 “With so many influential causes that could also explain poor health...observational studies alone cannot offer conclusive answers.”可知，有许多其他因素，如收入和教育等，也会影响健康状况，所以仅靠观察性研究无法确定超加工食品的影响，即许多因素会影响结果。 答案　A B (2025·广西南宁二模)You lean back from the dinner table，feeling like you physically couldn't fit another bite in.But then someone offers pie and you just can't say no.Scientists have now identified the neurons (神经元) behind the “dessert stomach” phenomenon. In their study，scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research found that mice kept eating sugar even when they should have felt full.Investigations of their brains showed that a group of nerve cells，known as the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons，became active.These neurons release a chemical called β-endorphin，which acts like a natural reward and makes mice feel good.As a result，they keep eating sugar despite feeling full.Interestingly，this effect only happens with sugar，not with other types of food like normal meals or fatty snacks. In a follow-up experiment with humans，researchers gave volunteers a sugary drink and found that the same thing happened in the brain as with mice.This suggests that the “dessert stomach” is a real thing for both mice and humans. Why does this happen? According to Henning Fenselau，a scientist who led the study，this makes sense from an evolutionary perspective.Sugar is rare in nature but provides quick energy.Our brains are programmed to make us want to eat sugar whenever we find it.This might have been helpful in the past because of food shortage，but today it can lead to overeating and health problems. The findings could shed light on obesity by providing a thorough understanding of the urge for sugar，and could even lead to potential medical solutions.Developing drugs to block the brain's reward system for sugar might help people control their cravings (渴望).Yet，it is too soon to say that the full picture has been drawn.Other studies have found that signals from your digestive system could influence why there always seems to be room for a dessert. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过小鼠实验和人类研究，揭示了大脑中特定神经元(POMC神经元)在糖分摄入时的运行机制。最后，文章介绍了这一发现对治疗肥胖症的潜在意义。 5．How does the author introduce the topic of the passage? A．By describing an eating behaviour. B．By introducing a scientific study. C．By defining a certain term. D．By comparing different eating habits. 解析　细节理解题。文章开头描述了一个吃东西的场景。随后作者指出研究者已经发现“甜点胃”现象背后的神经元了，下文围绕研究展开。由此可以推断出，话题是通过描述一个吃东西的场景而引出的。 答案　A 6．What is the main function of POMC neurons in the mice's brains? A．Telling the bodies the mice have eaten enough. B．Managing the desire for fatty and salty foods. C．Creating a reward system to encourage dieting. D．Releasing a chemical linked to positive emotions. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These neurons release a chemical called β-endorphin，which acts like a natural reward and makes mice feel good.”可知，老鼠大脑内的POMC神经元可以产生与积极情绪相关的化学物质。positive emotions和feel good对应。 答案　D 7．Why does the author mention that “sugar is rare in nature” in paragraph 4? A．To blame modern food production for health issues. B．To explain the evolutionary basis of sugar cravings. C．To compare natural sugar with artificial sugar. D．To warn people about eating too much sugar. 解析　推理判断题。第四段首句提出“Why does this happen？”的问题，其中this指代第三段最后一句的“‘甜点胃’对老鼠和人类来讲是真实存在的”这件事情。根据“According to Henning Fenselau，a scientist who led the study，this makes sense from an evolutionary perspective.”可知，第四段试图从进化的角度解释这一现象。“Sugar is rare in nature but provides quick energy.”表明了糖的稀缺和它能快速提供能量的优势。“Our brains are programmed to make us want to eat sugar whenever we find it.”表明人有渴望吃糖的生理机制。由此可以推断出，作者提及糖的稀缺性是为了解释对糖的渴求的根源。 答案　B 8．What is suggested in the last paragraph? A．Sugar-blocking drugs should be sold at stores right now. B．Brain activities alone could determine dessert cravings. C．More research is needed before the application of the study. D．Cravings for sugar only occur in modern times. 解析　推理判断题。最后一段介绍了研究的作用(could shed light on obesity)和应用前景(potential medical solutions)。但是随后作者用了Yet进行转折，提出“it is too soon to say that the full picture has been drawn”。由此可以推知，在此项研究被应用之前需要更多的研究。故选C。 答案　C C (2025·湖北武汉调研)A corn plant knows how to find water in soil with the very tips of its roots，but some varieties，including many used for developing high-output corn in the U．S.，appear to have lost part of that ability，according to a Stanford-led study.With climate change increasing droughts，the findings hold potential for developing more drought-resistant varieties of corn. The study，published in the journal Science，uncovers genetic mechanisms(遗传机制) behind root “hydropatterning”，or how plant roots branch toward water and avoid dry spaces in soil.In particular，the researchers discovered that ethylene，a plant hormone(激素) known to help bananas ripen，also influences how roots grow to seek water. For this study，the researchers developed a new，simplified way to study water sensitivity in roots.They found corn varieties adapted to hot and wet regions like Mexico were very good at making new root branches toward water and avoiding dry areas.In contrast，the varieties adapted to moderate regions of North America frequently grew roots randomly without distinguishing between dry and wet areas in the soil. “Interestingly，the plants that are better at sensing where the water is are also making deeper root systems，” said lead author Johannes Scharwies.“One idea is that if the plant doesn't waste time growing root branches into places where it doesn't find any water and nutrients，then it has more energy to grow deeper down where water is more likely.” Genetic analyses reveal two plant hormones，auxin and ethylene，play a role in how corn roots respond to water.While auxin was already known to help control this process，ethylene's involvement was a new discovery.In experiments with thale cress—a model plant often used in research—the researchers found auxin signaling promotes root branch development toward water，while ethylene stops branching when the root is exposed to air. Further research is needed to better understand the interaction of these genetic pathways before corn varieties can be developed with more drought-resistant root systems，but the findings highlight the significance of studying these localized responses at root tips，researchers said. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了斯坦福大学主导的一项研究揭示了植物根系如何通过遗传机制寻找水分。研究发现，乙烯和生长素这两种植物激素在玉米根系对水分的反应中起作用。这些发现为培育更具抗旱性的玉米品种提供了潜力。 9．What is the primary focus of the Stanford-led study? A．Drought-resistant corn varieties. B．Ethylene's effect on fruit ripening. C.Genetic regulation of root branching. D．Impact of climate change on plant roots. 解析　细节理解题。 根据第二段的“The study...uncovers genetic mechanisms behind root ‘hydropatterning’，or how plant roots branch toward water and avoid dry spaces in soil.”可知，这项研究揭示了根系“向水性模式”背后的遗传机制，即植物根系如何朝着水分生长并避开土壤中的干燥区域。故研究的主要焦点是根系分支的遗传调控。 答案　C 10．What can be inferred from Johannes Scharwies' remarks? A．Plant hormones make a big difference to root growth. B．Nutrients guarantee better water-seeking root systems. C．Root branching conserves energy for higher production. D．Stronger hydropatterning is linked to greater root depth. 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段的“Interestingly, the plants that are better at sensing where the water is are also making deeper root systems”可知，Johannes Scharwies 说那些更善于感知水源位置的植物，其根系系统也更深。由此可知，植物根系的“向水性模式”越强大，其根越深。 答案　D 11．What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．Model plants in research. B．Hormones' role in root growth. C．Genetic analysis methods. D．Findings of previous research. 解析　段落大意题。 第五段首句是本段的主旨句，即基因分析显示，两种植物激素——生长素和乙烯——在玉米根系对水分的反应中发挥着作用，接着分别介绍两种植物激素所发挥的不同作用。所以第五段主要讲激素在根系生长中的作用。 答案　B 12．What does the last paragraph suggest future research do? A．Prioritize development of new corn varieties. B．Work out the mechanisms of genetic interactions. C．Concentrate merely on localized root responses. D．Expand practical applications of hydropatterning. 解析　细节理解题。 根据最后一段的 “Further research is needed to better understand the interaction of these genetic pathways before corn varieties can be developed with more drought-resistant root systems”可知，在培育出更具抗旱性根系的玉米品种之前，人们还需要进一步研究，以更好地了解这些遗传神经通路之间的相互作用。由此可知，未来的研究应该弄清楚遗传相互作用的机制，然后才能开发出更具抗旱性根系的玉米品种。 答案　B Ⅱ.七选五 (2025·吉林长春高三一模) How to Kick the Habit of Eating Processed Foods for Good? Basically，we all need a total sweetness reset in everything that we consume.“What I advocate is making small changes to your behaviour and reducing the amount of sugar in your diet systematically，” says Avena.“__13__ People who go cold turkey (突然戒除) may experience headaches，anxiety，sleeplessness and intense cravings.” Follow these expert-approved tips to get you on the right track： •DO avoid processed foods.“Avoiding processed foods greatly reduces risk for obesity and other diseases，” says Van Horn.Processed foods tend to be items that include ten or more ingredients，often with some you can't find in your kitchen.__14__ •DO read food labels.It's important to read ingredient lists carefully and watch for different names of sugar.“There are 50-plus names for sugar，” says McBurnett.“It can get very confusing.”__15__ And when you're scanning the nutrition facts panel，a daily value (DV) of added sugar is acceptable between 5 percent and 20 percent. •__16__ Naturally occurring sugars found in milk，fruits and vegetables，are nutritious.All this isn't to say that you will never again enjoy another slice of birthday cake or an ice-cold drink at the cinema.Your goal doesn't have to be going completely sugar-free. “Maybe you just want to get to a point where you feel you are at a comfortable level of consumption—as if you're in control，”says Avena.__17__ A．DON'T avoid everything sweet. B．DO refuse all the processed foods. C．As a general rule，if it's an ingredient that ends in“-ose ”，it's sugar. D．Some research has linked processed foods to negative health outcomes. E．Instead，healthy foods are usually the whole foods you can prepare at home. F．Doing this slowly，over time，is the best approach to avoiding withdrawal symptoms. G．But over time，consuming less added sugar is bound to actually make your life sweeter. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了逐步减少饮食中的糖和加工食品的一些方法。 13．解析　空前一句提到Avena提倡做出小小的改变并且系统性地减少饮食中的糖量，空后谈到突然戒断会带来头疼、焦虑、失眠和极度的渴望。因此空处应与Avena提倡这样做的原因有关。F项中的“Doing this slowly”与文中的“making small changes”和“systematically”相呼应，“withdrawal symptoms”与文中的“headaches，anxiety，sleeplessness and intense cravings”相呼应。 答案　F 14．解析　本段第一句为段落主旨句，提出要避免加工食物。上文提到加工食品往往包含十种或更多的成分，其中一些你在厨房里找不到，因此空处应与正确的做法或选择有关。故E项“相反，健康食物通常都是你在家就能准备的天然食品”符合语境。 答案　E 15．解析　空前提到我们要仔细阅读成分表并且留心不同名称的糖。糖有五十多个名称，这可能会让人非常困惑。C项“但是一般来说，一种成分如果是以-ose结尾的，那就是糖”符合语境。 答案　C 16．解析　段落主旨句。根据空后可知，牛奶、水果和蔬菜中天然存在的糖都是有营养的。也不是说你不可以吃一块生日蛋糕或者在电影院不喝冰冷的饮料。你的目标没有必要彻底戒糖。A项“不要回避所有甜的东西”能概括本段大意。 答案　A 17．解析　段尾总结句——构建段落完整性。上文谈到也许你只是想达到一种你觉得在你掌控之中的让人舒服的水平。G项“但是随着时间流逝，摄入较少的添加糖肯定会使你的生活更加甜蜜”是对上文内容的概括，符合语境。 答案　G 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $