Unit1 The Changing World暑假预习学案2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

2026年暑假预习学案 九年级英语（上册） · 人教版（2024年义务教育版） Unit 1 The Changing World BIG Question: What brings about changes? 班级 姓名 学号 完成日期 学案使用说明： ① 本学案共三大模块，请按序完成，切忌跳跃。 ② 预习航标：结合课本完成，标注不理解之处，课堂重点攻克。 ③ 教材全解：系统梳理语言知识，牢记规律与例句。 ④ 题型突破：独立完成各类题型训练，强化考点意识。 ⑤ 学案全部完成后，自评并标注疑难，留待老师讲评。 01 预习航标 析目标·明方向 — 预习导航精准定向 一、单元概览 单元主题 The Changing World（变化的世界） 大单元问题 What brings about changes? 是什么带来了变化？ Section A 问题 What changes have taken place around you? 你周围发生了哪些变化？ Section B 问题 How do changes influence us? 变化如何影响我们？ Project Compare then and now（比较过去与现在） 二、学习目标（Learning Objectives） ▶ 语言能力 ✓ 能听懂关于家乡变化的对话，获取过去与现在的具体信息 ✓ 能谈论过去10年中发生的重大变化，表达个人感受 ✓ 能阅读关于铁路建设带来变化的报告，理解文章结构 ✓ 能以短文形式描写自小学以来生活发生的变化 ▶ 文化意识 ✓ 了解中国在脱贫攻坚、乡村振兴和对外合作方面的成就 ✓ 理解中肯铁路等项目对非洲发展的积极影响 ✓ 增强对变化的辩证认识——"变化是创造更美好未来的机会" ▶ 思维品质 ✓ 比较过去与现在的差异，分析变化产生的原因 ✓ 评价变化对个人和社会的影响，形成批判性思维 ▶ 语言知识 ✓ 核心语法：一般过去时 vs 现在完成时（对比使用） ✓ 重点词汇：compound words（合成词）；与变化相关的词汇群 三、单元结构·预习导图 板块 核心问题 技能侧重 语言重点 Section A p.1–5 你周围发生了 哪些变化？ 听力+口语 （Listening & Speaking） 过去时 vs 现在完成时 used to do / have done Section B p.6–9 变化如何 影响我们？ 阅读+写作 （Reading & Writing） 合成词（compound words） 与变化相关词汇 *Project p.10 比较过去 与现在 综合探究 （Project-based） 综合运用本单元语言 四、预习任务单（课前完成） 【任务1】 翻开课本Unit 1封面页，看图思考：两张照片有什么不同？这个地方发生了怎样的变化？用中文或英文写出你的想法： ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 【解析】 Old photo：道路崎岖、房屋低矮、植被稀少、出行靠大巴； New photo：宽阔公路、楼房整齐、绿树成片、有高铁 / 超市、医疗设施完善； 感受：家乡发生巨大改变，生活越来越便利幸福。 【任务2】 浏览Section A（p.1-5），圈出你不认识的单词，查字典并记录音标和词义（至少10个）： ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 【解析】 · hometown /ˌhəʊmˈtaʊn/n. 家乡 · sandstorm /ˈsændstɔːm/n. 沙尘暴 · rough /rʌf/adj. 崎岖的 · railway /ˈreɪlweɪ/n. 铁路 · greenhouse /ˈɡriːnhaʊs/n. 温室 · convenient /kənˈviːniənt/adj. 便利的 · environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/n. 环境 · improve /ɪmˈpruːv/v. 改善 · tourist /ˈtʊərɪst/n. 游客 · benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/v. 受益 【任务3】 默读3a对话（Reporter访问Mr Yan和Ms Wu），在课本上划出： · 过去（Past）发生的事情 · 现在（Present）的变化 完成后，总结村民生活变化3条： ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 【解析】 · 人口就业：年轻人过去外出打工，如今返乡创业、生活； · 农业生产：过去小块菜地本地售卖，现在高科技大棚，蔬果销往大城市； · 公共配套：新建公路、铁路、医院、图书馆，村庄成为旅游景点，线上线下售卖农产品。 【任务4】 阅读Section B阅读文章'On the Fast Track'（p.6），回答预习问题： ① 文章讲的是哪个国家的哪条铁路？ ② 这条铁路由谁帮助建设？ ③ 当地居民获得了哪些好处？（至少3点） ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 【解析】 1 肯尼亚；蒙巴萨 — 内罗毕铁路（Mombasa-Nairobi railway） 2 中国援建（with China's help） 3 居民受益三点： 1） 出行时间大幅缩短，交通便宜准时，经商更便利； 2） 城镇发展，当地人变得富裕； 3）食品运输成本降低，居民能吃到更多新鲜食物。 【任务5】 观察Grammar Focus（p.5）中的句子，思考：一般过去时和现在完成时有什么区别？用中文写出你的初步理解： ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 【解析】 · 一般过去时：单纯描述过去发生的动作，有明确过去时间（in 2017、ago、last year），只讲过去事实，和现在无关联； · 现在完成时：动作发生在过去，但重点强调对现在造成的结果 / 影响，常搭配 since/for/already/yet，不出现明确过去时间； · 口诀：过去时只讲过去；完成时连接现在。 五、Unit 1 核心词汇·预习自查 请完成下表，标注自己的掌握程度：✔会 / △模糊 / ✘不会 单词/短语 音标 词性 中文意思 掌握程度 change /tʃeɪndʒ/ v./n. 改变；变化 hometown /ˌhəʊmˈtaʊn/ n. 家乡 rough /rʌf/ adj. 崎岖的；粗糙的 sandstorm /ˈsændstɔːrm/ n. 沙尘暴 greenhouse /ˈɡriːnhaʊs/ n. 温室 tourist attraction /ˈtʊərɪst əˈtrækʃn/ n. 旅游景点 highway /ˈhaɪweɪ/ n. 高速公路 railway /ˈreɪlweɪ/ n. 铁路 convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ adj. 便利的；方便的 benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ v./n. 使受益；好处 local /ˈloʊkl/ adj./n. 当地的；当地人 government /ˈɡʌvərnmənt/ n. 政府 farmland /ˈfɑːrmlænd/ n. 农田 shortage /ˈʃɔːrtɪdʒ/ n. 短缺 environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n. 环境 improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ v. 改善；提高 since /sɪns/ prep./conj. 自…以来；因为 product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ n. 产品 capital /ˈkæpɪtl/ n. 首都；资本 wide /waɪd/ adj./adv. 宽的；广泛地 02 教材全解 建框架·精讲解 — 知识体系系统梳理 一、Section A 知识精讲 （一）Section A 对话文本全解 【3a 对话——记者采访村民（Reporter ↔ Mr Yan & Ms Wu）】 说话人 原文（重点词句画线） 语言要点 Reporter How has life changed in your hometown over the last 20 years? 现在完成时提问；over the last 20 years表示持续时段 Mr Yan Oh, it has changed quite a lot! Many young people used to work in big cities. Now, more of them have come back to live and work here. used to do（过去习惯）；have come back（现在完成时，强调结果） Reporter Great! Have there been any other changes? Have there been…? 现在完成时一般疑问句 Ms Wu Yes, we've changed the way we farm. I used to grow a few vegetables on a small farm to sell at the local market. Now, I have large, high-tech greenhouses. We've changed（现在完成时结果）；used to grow（过去习惯）；compound word: greenhouse Reporter Wow, the new highway and railway must have helped a lot! must have done 情态动词+完成时（推测） Mr Yan Oh, they have! Our village has become a tourist attraction. We can now sell local products to tourists. We also sell products online to people all over China. has become（现在完成时，状态变化）；tourist attraction合成名词 Ms Wu Yes! We now have new houses. And our village has just built a new hospital and a library. has just built（just强调动作刚完成） Reporter Wonderful! Together you are building a new socialist village. 现在进行时：are building 正在进行中的行动 【Section B 阅读文章全解——On the Fast Track】 段落 核心内容 语言要点 Para 1 （引入） 2017年蒙巴萨—内罗毕新铁路开通。 旧铁路1901年建成，速度慢，坐火车需10小时。 新铁路480公里，约4小时可达。 过去式 was opened（被动） 对比：used to take 10 hours → takes about 4 hours 数字记忆：480km / 1901 / 2017 Para 2 （新铁路影响） 新铁路每年服务超过200万人次，已缩短旅行时间至约4小时。 现在完成时：has already cut over 2 million people 数量庞大 Para 3 （当地居民受益） 政府工人：很高兴，城镇发生了很多变化，居民变富裕。 商人：使用方便，费用低，按时到达，做生意方便。 超市经理：食物运输更易，食品更新鲜。 直接引语vs间接引语 convenient / business deals / fresh food since 2017 现在完成时时间状语 Para 4 （结论） 中国与肯尼亚合作建铁路，体现不同国家携手共建美好世界。 主题升华：对外合作共建 work together to build a better world 二、语法核心精讲——一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 核心口诀 过去时（Simple Past）= 过去某时发生，强调事实或动作本身（often with ago/last/in+年份） 现在完成时（Present Perfect）= 过去动作与现在有关联，强调结果/经历/持续（often with since/for/already/just/ever/never） 口诀：「过去就是过去，完成时牵着现在」 对比维度 一般过去时 现在完成时 基本形式 主语 + 动词过去式(Ved/不规则) 主语 + have/has + 过去分词(Vpp) 时间状语 ago, last year, in 2017, just now, yesterday, when I was young since, for, already, just, yet, ever, never, recently, so far, over the past... 强调重点 动作发生的时间（明确过去时间） 动作结果或经历对现在的影响 典型句型 He became a friend 20 years ago. Many people used to work in cities. They haven't seen each other for ages. Our village has just built a hospital. 否定形式 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 疑问形式 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + ? Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + ? 【used to do 专项精讲】 项目 说明 例句 意义 过去常常/曾经做（现在不再做了） I used to grow vegetables on a small farm.（我以前常在小农场种蔬菜） 结构 used to + 动词原形 There used to be sandstorms all the time.（以前总有沙尘暴） 否定 didn't use to / used not to + V原 We didn't use to have a cinema.（我们以前没有电影院） 疑问 Did + 主语 + use to + V原? Did you use to live here?（你以前住在这里吗？） 注意 be used to doing = 习惯于做（不混淆！） I am used to getting up early.（我已经习惯早起） 三、词汇精讲·合成词专题（Compound Words） 合成词构成规律 合成词 = 两个或多个词组合成新词，词义往往有所引申 本单元合成词构成模式：形容词+名词、名词+名词 例：green + house = greenhouse（温室）; sand + storm = sandstorm（沙尘暴） high + way = highway（高速公路）; rail + way = railway（铁路） farm + land = farmland（农田）; home + town = hometown（家乡） 合成词 构成部分 词义 拓展联想 greenhouse green + house 温室 high-tech greenhouse 高科技温室 sandstorm sand + storm 沙尘暴 dust storm 尘暴（近义词） highway high + way 高速公路 motorway / freeway（英美差异） railway rail + way 铁路 railroad（美式英语） farmland farm + land 农田 farmhouse 农场住宅 hometown home + town 家乡 hometown pride 家乡自豪感 high-tech high + tech 高科技的（形容词） high-tech greenhouse tourist attraction tourist + attraction 旅游景点 scenic spot 风景区（同义） e-payment e + payment 电子支付 mobile payment 移动支付 四、写作模板——描写生活变化（Changes in My Life） 【文章结构分析：Section B 3a范文】 段落 内容要点 常用句型 第1段 （总述变化） 说明现在与过去生活不同，引出具体方面 Now that I am older, my life is different from when... For example, ... 第2段 （某一方面变化） 选择一个具体变化，用过去vs现在对比描写 I used to..., but now... My ... has changed too. 第3段 （另一方面变化） 另选一个方面，继续对比 The way I... is also different. I have become more... and often... 第4段 （不变的事物/总结） 以"变化中有不变"收尾，情感升华 My life has changed in many ways, but one thing stays the same: ... Change is the opportunity to create a better future. 【高分语句积累】 ① It has changed quite a lot over the last ___ years. ② I used to _____, but now I _____. ③ More and more people have come back to _____ and _____ here. ④ The new _____ must have helped a lot! ⑤ Our _____ has just built a new _____ and a _____. ⑥ Changes have greatly improved our lives in many ways. ⑦ The feeling of _____ shared by my family has never changed. ⑧ Together we are building a new / better _____. 03 题型突破 析考点·破方法 — 典型题型深度拆解 一、词汇运用突破 【题型1】根据句意及首字母/汉语提示填写单词 解题策略：先定词性（名词/动词/形容词）→ 看时态信号词 → 注意词形变化 1. Beijing is the c__________ of China, and it hosted both the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics. 2. The new b__________ over the river makes it much easier for villagers to get to the city. 3. In the past, there were often s__________ in that area. Now, the environment has improved a lot. 4. Their village has become a tourist a__________. Many visitors come to see it every year. 5. The g__________ has supported the farmers with money and technology to improve the e__________. 6. Food used to be difficult to get, but now people have more f__________ food to eat, thanks to the railway. 7. We have seen many c__________ in our hometown over the last decade. Life is much better now. 8. The new high-tech g__________ can grow vegetables all year round, even in winter. 【解析】 · capital 解析：北京是中国首都 · bridge 解析：河上新桥方便村民进城 · sandstorms 解析：过去该地区常有沙尘暴 · attraction 解析：tourist attraction 旅游景点 · government；environment 解析：政府提供资金技术改善环境 · fresh 解析：铁路让食品运输便利，新鲜食物更多 · changes 解析：over the last decade 十年间家乡许多变化 · greenhouses 解析：高科技温室全年种植蔬菜 【题型2】合成词填写 用左栏词 + 右栏词 合成新词填入空格。（green / sand / high / farm / rail / home + storm / way / land / house / town） 1. The train runs on the new __________ that was built with China's help. 2. In the desert area, people used to suffer from __________ every spring. 3. Farmers grow vegetables in a __________ to keep them warm in winter. 4. The government has built new roads through the __________ to help farmers. 5. I was born in a small village, but now I work in a big city far from my __________. 6. The new __________ connects the capital with other major cities. 【解析】 · railway 铁路 · sandstorms 沙尘暴 · greenhouse 温室 · farmland 农田 · hometown 家乡 · highway 高速公路 二、语法突破——时态专项训练 【题型3】用括号内动词的正确时态填空（对比使用） 做题步骤 Step 1：找时间状语（ago / last / in+年份 → 过去时；since / for / already / just / yet → 现在完成时） Step 2：无时间状语，看句意（强调过去动作本身→过去时；强调现在结果/经历→现在完成时） Step 3：注意动词三态（原形→过去式→过去分词） 1. Our village __________ (build) a new library last month. Now we have a great place to read. 2. I __________ (never/visit) Guizhou before, but I plan to go there this summer. 3. In 2017, the new Mombasa–Nairobi railway __________ (open). It __________ (cut) travel time by more than half since then. 4. Many young people __________ (used to / work) in big cities, but now more of them __________ (come) back to live and work here. 5. A: __________ you __________ (be) to the new library yet? B: No, I __________. When __________ it __________ (open)? A: It __________ (open) last Friday. 6. The local people __________ (become) richer and happier since the new railway __________ (be) built. 7. In the past, it __________ (take) a day to travel across the mountain. Now it __________ (take) only a few hours thanks to the new highway. 8. She __________ (grow) vegetables on a small farm for years before she __________ (get) a high-tech greenhouse. 【解析】 · built；解析：last month 过去时间，一般过去时 · have never visited；解析：before 至今从未，现在完成时 · was opened；has cut；解析：2017 过去时；since then 现在完成时 · used to work；have come；解析：used to 过去常常；now 强调返乡结果，现完 · Have; been; haven’t; did; open; opened；解析 yet 用于现完疑问；last Friday 过去时 · have become; was；解析 since 引导现完；铁路建成是过去动作 · took; takes；in the past 过去；now 一般现在时 · grew; got；两个动作均发生在过去，全用一般过去时 【题型4】句型转换——用现在完成时改写句子 1. They built a new hospital three years ago. (改为现在完成时，加"already") → They __________ already __________ a new hospital. 2. She last visited her grandfather two months ago. (改为现在完成时) → She __________ __________ her grandfather for two months. 3. Tom didn't eat lunch. (改为Tom在此之前从未吃午餐 / never句型) → Tom __________ __________ lunch before. 4. Our team won the competition. (就目前结果问一般疑问句) → __________ your team __________ the competition yet? 【解析】 · have; built · haven’t visited · has never eaten · Have; won 三、阅读理解突破——说明文/报告类（On the Fast Track 精练） 阅读方法指导 预测：读题目+看图 → 预测文章主题（Making predictions） 略读：快速浏览全文，找段落中心句，明确结构（引入→发展→结论） 精读：带问题回文定位，匹配数字/事实类信息 推断：推断词义/态度题——结合上下文，不能脱离原文 【A 数字信息匹配（1c题型）】 请将下列数字与对应信息连线（参照课本1c）： ① 480 km ② 1901 ③ 2017 ④ 10 hours ⑤ about 4 hours ⑥ over 2 million people a. 旧铁路建设年份 ____ b. 新铁路开通年份 ____ c. 蒙巴萨—内罗毕铁路长度 ____ d. 旧铁路所需旅行时间 ____ e. 新铁路旅行时间 ____ f. 新铁路每年服务人次 ____ 【解析】 ①- c；②-a；③-b；④-d；⑤-e；⑥-f a.1901 旧铁路年份 b.2017 新铁路开通 c.480km 铁路长度 d.10 小时旧行程 e.4 小时新行程 f.200 万年客流 【B 段落结构题（1e题型）】 完成段落主旨： 段落1：引入——新铁路于______年开通，旧铁路建于______年。 段落2：新铁路——将旅行时间缩短至______。 段落3：当地受益——（3类人的评价）政府工人：___________；商人：___________；超市 经理：___________。 段落4：结论——______________________________。 【解析】 段落 1：2017；1901 段落 2：about four hours 段落 3：政府工人：城镇巨变，居民变富裕；商人：交通便宜准时，做生意便捷；超市经理：食品运输更简单，新鲜食物更多 段落 4：中肯合作共建铁路，体现各国携手创造美好世界 【C 细节理解题】 1. What type of writing is 'On the Fast Track'? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What was the problem with the old railway? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. How has the new railway benefited local Kenyans? (3 points) (1) __________________________________________________________________________________________ (2) __________________________________________________________________________________________ (3) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What does 'on the fast track' mean in the title? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】 · It is an expository/news report（说明文 / 新闻报道） · The old railway trains were very slow; it took 10 hours to travel; roads were rough. · 三点好处： (1) Travel time is greatly shortened, transport cheap and convenient for businessmen. (2) Local people become richer as tourism and trade develop. (3) Food transport becomes much easier, people can eat more fresh food. · It means the railway brings fast, convenient transport and rapid development for the area. 【D 主旨大意题】 What is the MAIN idea of this text? A. The old railway in Kenya was slow and needed to be replaced. B. China and Kenya have worked together to build a railway that has greatly improved local lives. C. The new railway is very convenient and doesn't cost much money. D. Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from fresh food transport. 答案：____（请在文中找出支持你答案的关键句） 【解析】 答案：B 关键句：the new railway, built with China's help, has already cut the travel time... Local Kenyans have benefited a lot 四、写作突破——变化类短文写作（Changes in My Life） 写作方法：五步成文法 Step 1 审题：确定话题（生活变化）、对象（我）、时态（过去时+现在完成时）、字数 Step 2 选材：选3个方面（school / home / study / environment / transport） Step 3 列提纲：每段用一句主题句，再加2-3句细节 Step 4 写作：综合使用 used to / have done / has changed / used to be but now is Step 5 检查：时态一致性 → 合成词拼写 → 首字母大写和标点 【写作实践】 题目：Now that you are in Grade 9, write a short passage (about 100 words) about the changes in your life since primary school. End with one thing that stays the same. 【第一步：填写写作提纲】 写作要点 我的内容（用英文或中文填写） 变化1（What + How） 变化2（What + How） 变化3（What + How） 不变的事物 【第二步：正式写作（写在下方横线上）】 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 【范文精读与提升】 Changes in My Life Now that I am older, my life is different from when I was in primary school. For example, my primary school was near my home, so I used to walk to school with my parents. Now my junior high school is farther from home. I take a bus every day with my friends. My home has changed too. My family used to live in a small flat, but now we have moved to a much larger one. My grandma lives with us now as well. She has her own room and her own TV set. I am glad that I get to see her every day. The way I study is also different. I have become more confident in my studies and often attend group discussions. I enjoy studying with my friends. It's amazing how much we have achieved together. My life has changed in many ways, but one thing stays the same: the feeling of love and happiness shared by my family. 范文亮点分析 ① 开头用Now that…引出变化，自然过渡 ② 使用used to do…, but now…对比结构，时态清晰 ③ 每段有主题句，细节有逻辑支撑 ④ 结尾用'变化中不变'的情感收尾，有深度 ⑤ 词汇：confident / achieve / discussion（高级词汇加分） 五、综合提升——中考高频题型训练 【题型5】单项选择（时态辨析高频考点） 1. — Have you seen Li Hua recently? — Yes. I __________ her last Sunday at the library. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. am seeing 2. The new railway __________ already __________ the lives of many local people. A. have; improved B. has; improved C. had; improved D. did; improve 3. My grandfather __________ walk to work every day, but now he drives a car. A. used to B. is used to C. was used to D. has used to 4. — __________ you ever __________ the new high-tech greenhouse in our village? — Not yet. I'm planning to visit it next week. A. Did; visit B. Have; visited C. Will; visit D. Are; visiting 5. The environment in Saihanba __________ greatly since people began to plant trees there 60 years ago. A. changed B. will change C. has changed D. was changing 6. It __________ 10 hours to travel from Mombasa to Nairobi by the old train, but now the new train takes only about four hours. A. takes B. took C. has taken D. is taking 【解析】 · B saw 解析 last Sunday 明确过去时间，一般过去时 · B has; improved 解析 railway 单数，already 现完标志 · A used to 解析过去常常，现在不再 · B Have; visited 解析 ever、yet 是现在完成时标志 · C has changed 解析 since 引导现完 · B took 解析 in the old days 过去，过去时 【题型6】改错题（时态与词形） 下列句子各有一处错误，请找出并改正： 1. Many young people has come back to live and work in the village since 2020. 改正： _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Did you visited the new library yet? It opened last Friday. 改正： _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. She is used to grow vegetables on a small farm before she got a greenhouse. 改正： _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Our village have built a new hospital and a library last year. 改正： _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. I never visited Guizhou, but I want to go there someday. 改正： _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】 · has → have；主语 young people 复数，助动词用 have · Did you visited → Have you visited；yet 对应现在完成时疑问 · is used to grow → used to grow；此处表过去习惯，不用 be used to doing · have built → built；last year 过去时，不用现完 · never visited → have never visited；缺少助动词 have，现完结构 六、学习收获·自我评价 评价维度 优秀⭐⭐⭐ 良好⭐⭐ 继续努力⭐ 词汇掌握情况 时态语法理解 阅读文章理解 写作完成情况 预习任务完成 我的疑问与收获： _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 第 1 页 共 22 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $