内容正文:
编写说明:2027年陕西省(职教单招)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练,在编写中融入支架式教学理念,紧扣陕西职教单招英语真题考情,将代词知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、真题溯源训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。
本专题是2027年陕西省(职教单招)《英语一轮讲练测》的第3个专题,内容为非谓语动词。
2027年陕西省(职教单招)
《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义
专题03 非谓语动词
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警
02 体系构建·思维可视
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚
考点1 动词不定式
即时训练
考点2 动名词
即时训练
考点3 现在分词
即时训练
考点4 过去分词
即时训练
04 真题溯源·考向感知
考点
内容解读
陕西省2021—2025年职教单招真题统计(题号)
2021年
2022年
2023年
2024年
2025年
动词不定式(to do)
考查不定式作宾语、宾补及固定句型中的用法。常见结构包括:decide/want/allow/tell/help/permit sb. to do(不定式作宾补)、find it + adj. + to do(不定式作真正宾语)、had better do(不带to的不定式)。短文改错中常考查不定式符号to的遗漏。
(7)(66)
(7)
(13)(24)(69)
(10)(60)(61)(67)
动名词(doing)
考查动名词作主语、宾语及固定搭配中的用法。常见结构包括:enjoy/finish/feel like doing(动名词作动词宾语)、look forward to/spend time in/have trouble in doing(动名词作介词宾语)、It’s no use/Reading aloud doing(动名词作主语)。
(8)
(10)
(15)(17)(71)
(18)(20)(35)(68)
过去分词(done)
考查过去分词作宾语补足语和后置定语。常见结构包括:have sth. done(让某事被做)、make oneself done(使自己被……),以及过去分词作后置定语(如a man named...)。解题关键是判断逻辑主语与分词之间的被动关系。
(20)
(23)
(22)
固定搭配与综合辨析
考查非谓语动词在不同固定搭配中的辨析,如used to do(过去常常)与be used to doing(习惯于)的区别、感官动词后接do与doing的区别等。此类题常出现在短文改错和语境选择中,需要结合句意和搭配规则综合判断。
(68)
命题预警
2027年备考应将非谓语动词列为高频必训专题(重点)。单项选择仍会以固定搭配为入口,考查 to do/doing/done 的选择;完形填空会在生活语境中考动词搭配;短文改错可能出现介词后误用动词原形、forget/remember/stop 后形式混淆、分词主被动误判;书面表达中建议学生主动使用 It is important to do、spend time doing、be interested in doing 等安全句型。
【考点1 动词不定式:to do 与省略 to】
动词不定式基本形式为 to do,否定式为 not to do。它常作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语和后置定语。陕西真题中 allow sb. to do、tell sb. not to do、ask sb. to do、decide to do、want to do 是基础必会结构(必考点)。
易错提醒:had better 后接动词原形;使役动词 make/let/have 和感官动词 see/hear/watch/notice 在主动句中常接省略 to 的不定式;但变为被动语态时 to 要还原,如 He was made to clean the room.
一、基本含义
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,由“to + 动词原形”构成,在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用,表示“未来的、具体的或一次性”的动作。
二、用法
用法类别
含义说明
例句
作主语
表示动作或状态,常放在句首;为避免头重脚轻,常用 It 作形式主语,将真正主语(不定式)后置。
1. To learn English well is important.
(学好英语很重要。)
2. It is dangerous to swim alone in the river.
(独自在河里游泳很危险。)
作宾语
跟在某些及物动词后作宾语,表示“要做某事”。常考动词:want, decide, hope, plan, agree, refuse, learn 等。
1. She wants to be a nurse.
(她想成为一名护士。)
2. We decided to visit the museum.
(我们决定去参观博物馆。)
作宾语补足语
补充说明宾语的动作。常见结构:动词(tell, ask, want, teach 等)+ 宾语 + to do。
注意:使役动词(make, let, have)和感官动词(see, hear)后要省略 to。
1. My mother asked me to buy some milk.
(我妈妈让我买些牛奶。)
2. The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.
(老板让工人们每天工作12小时。——省略 to)
作定语
放在名词或代词后面,修饰该名词,表示“要做……的”。
1. I have a lot of homework to do.
(我有许多作业要做。)
2. She is the first student to come to school.
(她是第一个到校的学生。)
作状语
表示 目的、结果 或 原因。
• 目的状语最常见。
• 结果状语常与 only 连用,表意外结果。
1. He got up early to catch the bus.(目的)
(他早起是为了赶公交车。)
2. I hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.(结果)
(我匆忙赶到车站,结果却发现火车已经开走了。)
与疑问词连用
接在 what, which, how, where, when 等词后,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。
1. I don’t know what to do next.
(我不知道下一步该做什么。)
2. Can you tell me how to get to the hospital?
(你能告诉我怎么去医院吗?)
作表语
放在系动词(be, seem, appear)后,说明主语的具体内容或将来的动作。
1. My dream is to become a teacher.
(我的梦想是成为一名老师。)
2. Your job is to clean the classroom today.
(你今天的任务是打扫教室。)
【即时训练】
一、单项选择
1. His parents won't allow him ______ out late.
A. stay B. to stay C. stayed D. staying
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查固定搭配 allow sb. to do sth.,意为“允许某人做某事”。空格位于 allow 后,him 是宾语,后面应接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语,因此选 B。A 项 stay 缺少 to;C 项是过去式;D 项动名词不符合 allow 的常用搭配。
2. My mother often tells me ______ at others.
A. don't laugh B. not to laugh C. to not laugh D. not laugh
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 结构。根据句意“妈妈经常告诉我不要嘲笑别人”,否定词 not 应放在不定式 to 前,构成 not to laugh,因此选 B。A 项为祈使句,不能直接作 tell 的宾补;C 项语序不规范;D 项缺少 to。
3. You'd better ______ a copy of the whole article for yourself.
A. make B. making C. to make D. made
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查 had better 的用法。had better 意为“最好”,后面必须接动词原形,不带 to;句中 make 表示“制作一份文章副本”,因此选 A。B 项动名词、C 项不定式和 D 项过去分词均不能放在 had better 后。
4. In order ______ the river, the villagers didn't allow us to set up a factory there.
A. protect B. protecting C. to protect D. protected
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查 in order to do sth. 结构,意为“为了做某事”,其中 to do 作目的状语。句意为“为了保护这条河,村民们不允许我们在那里建工厂”,应填 to protect,故选 C。A 项缺少 to;B 项动名词不能直接用于该结构;D 项过去分词不表示目的。
5. The teacher made the boy ______ the sentence again.
A. read B. to read C. reading D. readed
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查使役动词 make 的用法。make sb. do sth. 表示“使/让某人做某事”,在主动语态中,宾语补足语要用省略 to 的动词原形,因此选 A。B 项 to read 只用于被动语态,如 The boy was made to read...;C 项和 D 项均不符合结构。
二、短文改错
阅读下面短文。每行只有一处与不定式及相关搭配有关的错误,请在右侧横线上写出改正内容。
Last Monday, our English teacher asked us prepare a short speech
________ 6 ________
for the school English festival. I wanted giving a talk
________ 7 ________
about vocational skills, but I did not know how start.
________ 8 ________
My friend Li Hua advised me search for useful information
________ 9 ________
on the Internet and reminded me not copy other people's words
________ 10 ________
directly. In order improve my speech, I went to the library
________ 11 ________
after class and read several articles about young workers. The librarian helped me to find books and made me to write down key points.
________ 12 ________
I planned finish the speech before Friday
________ 13 ________
because I hoped using my free time to practise. My teacher encouraged me to speak loudly and clearly in front of the mirror. She also told us to listen carefully when other students were speaking.
________ 14 ________
Finally, I was ready give the speech in front of the class. Although I felt nervous at first, I was happy to share my ideas and learn from my classmates.
________ 15 ________
【答案】6. prepare→to prepare;7. giving→to give;8. how start→how to start;9. search→to search;10. not copy→not to copy;11. improve→to improve;12. 删去 made me 后的 to;13. planned 后加 to;14. hoped using→hoped to use;15. ready 后加 to。
【导语】本文围绕准备英语节演讲展开,集中训练不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语及固定搭配中的形式选择。
【解析】
6. prepare→to prepare:ask sb. to do sth. 表示“要求某人做某事”。asked 后的 us 是宾语,后面必须接带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语,不能直接用动词原形 prepare。
7. giving→to give:want 后通常接 to do,表示“想要做某事”。这里说“我想做一次关于职业技能的演讲”,应用 wanted to give。
8. how start→how to start:know 后可接“疑问词 + to do”结构,表示“知道如何做某事”。how to start 相当于 how I should start。
9. search→to search:advise sb. to do sth. 意为“建议某人做某事”。me 后需用 to search 作宾语补足语,不能省略 to。
10. not copy→not to copy:remind sb. not to do sth. 表示“提醒某人不要做某事”。否定词 not 应放在不定式 to 前,构成 not to copy。
11. improve→to improve:in order to do sth. 表示“为了做某事”,在句中作目的状语。因此应说 In order to improve my speech。
12. 删去 made me 后的 to:make sb. do sth. 是使役动词的主动结构,宾语补足语用动词原形。made me write 表示“使我写下要点”;只有在被动语态中才还原 to。
13. planned 后加 to:plan to do sth. 表示“计划做某事”。finish 是 plan 后将要完成的动作,因此应为 planned to finish。
14. hoped using→hoped to use:hope 后通常接不定式,构成 hope to do sth.,表示“希望做某事”。这里应用 hoped to use my free time。
15. ready 后加 to:be ready to do sth. 表示“准备好做某事”。ready 后要接不定式,故应改为 was ready to give the speech。
【考点2 动名词】
动名词 doing 兼有动词和名词特点,可作主语、表语、宾语。陕西真题中 Reading aloud can be a good way...、It's no use worrying...、feel like going、look forward to working、spend time revising 等均属于本考点(必考点)。
易错提醒:介词后接动词时一般用 doing,如 without taking、for showing、be interested in learning;to 若为介词,也接 doing,如 look forward to doing。
一、基本含义
动名词是一种非谓语动词形式,由“动词原形 + -ing”构成,兼具动词和名词的特征,表示“习惯性、一般性或已完成的”动作。
二、用法
用法类别
含义说明
例句
作主语
表示一般性或习惯性的动作,谓语动词用单数。可与 It is + adj. + to do 结构区分。
1. Swimming is good for health.
(游泳对健康有益。)
2. Smoking is not allowed here.
(此处禁止吸烟。)
作宾语
跟在某些及物动词或介词后作宾语,表示“做过某事”或“习惯做某事”。常考动词:enjoy, finish, avoid, suggest, practice, mind 等。
1. I enjoy reading novels before bed.
(我喜欢睡前读小说。)
2. He is good at playing basketball.
(他擅长打篮球。)
作表语
放在系动词(be, seem, appear)后,说明主语的具体内容,可与主语互换位置。
1. Her job is teaching English.
(她的工作是教英语。)
2. Seeing is believing.
(眼见为实。)
作定语
放在名词前,表示该名词的功能、用途(不是正在进行的动作)。
1. a swimming pool
(游泳池——用于游泳的池子)
2. a reading room
(阅览室——用于阅读的房间)
介宾结构
动名词常作介词的宾语,形成固定短语。常考短语:look forward to, be used to, pay attention to, be busy in, have difficulty in 等。
1. I look forward to hearing from you.
(我期待收到你的来信。)
2. She is used to getting up early.
(她习惯了早起。)
动名词的复合结构
在动名词前加上物主代词(my, his, Tom's)或名词所有格,表示动作的发出者。
1. Do you mind my opening the window?
(你介意我打开窗户吗?)
2. Tom's coming late made the teacher angry.
(汤姆迟到让老师很生气。)
【即时训练】
1. ______ aloud can be a good way to improve your English.
A. Read B. Reading C. Having read D. Have read
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查动名词作主语。句中谓语是 can be,空格处需要一个能够作主语的非谓语形式;Reading aloud 表示“朗读”,是一个一般性学习行为,故选 B。A 项 Read 是动词原形,不能直接作主语;C、D 项的形式均不符合句意和句子结构。
2. It's no use ______ about it. Let's ask the teacher for help.
A. worry B. worried C. to worry D. worrying
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查固定句型 It is no use doing sth.,意为“做某事没有用”。因此 worry 应变为动名词 worrying,作真正主语,故选 D。A 项动词原形、B 项过去分词和 C 项不定式均不能用于该句型。
3. I don't feel like ______ abroad to study.
A. go B. going C. went D. gone
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查 feel like doing sth.,意为“想要做某事”。feel like 中的 like 是介词,后面应接名词、代词或动名词;go abroad 要变为 going abroad,故选 B。其余三项都不能作介词 like 的宾语。
4. I'm looking forward to ______ in your company after graduation.
A. work B. worked C. works D. working
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查 look forward to doing sth.,意为“期待做某事”。注意这里的 to 是介词而不是不定式符号,所以后面必须接动名词 working,故选 D。A 项动词原形、B 项过去分词和 C 项第三人称单数形式都不能作介词宾语。
5. Helen has spent three hours ______ her term paper.
A. revise B. revising C. to revise D. revised
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查 spend + 时间 + doing sth. 结构,意为“花费多长时间做某事”。three hours 后需用 revising 表示“花三小时修改论文”,故选 B。A 项动词原形、C 项不定式和 D 项过去分词均不符合固定搭配。
【考点3 现在分词】
一、基本含义
现在分词是一种非谓语动词形式,由“动词原形 + -ing”构成,表示主动、正在进行的动作或状态。
二、用法
用法类别
含义说明
例句
作定语
放在名词前(单个词)或名词后(短语),表示“正在做……的”或“主动做……的”。
1. The sleeping baby is lovely.
(正在睡觉的婴儿很可爱。)
2. The boy running on the playground is my brother.
(在操场上跑步的那个男孩是我弟弟。)
作表语
放在系动词后,说明主语的特征或性质,意为“令人……的”。
1. The movie is exciting.
(这部电影令人兴奋。)
2. Her story sounds interesting.
(她的故事听起来很有趣。)
作宾语补足语
放在感官动词(see, hear, watch, feel等)后,表示“看见/听见某人正在做某事”。
1. I saw him crossing the street.
(我看见他正在过马路。)
2. She heard someone singing in the room.
(她听见有人在房间里唱歌。)
作状语
表示时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等。核心考点:逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致,且为主谓关系。
1. Walking in the park, I met an old friend.(时间/伴随)
(在公园散步时,我遇到了一位老朋友。)
2. Being ill, she didn't go to school.(原因)
(因为生病,她没有去上学。)
【即时训练】
1. The team leader entered the workshop, ______ the safety checklist in his hand.
A. held
B. holding
C. to hold
D. was holding
【答案】B
【解析】考点:现在分词作伴随状语。主句已有谓语 entered,空处表示进入时伴随的动作,leader 与 hold 是主动关系,用 holding。
易错点:held 表被动或完成,不符合“拿着”的主动伴随;was holding 会造成两个谓语无连接。
2. The volunteers, ______ the new route, marked it on the map.
A. understood
B. understanding
C. to understand
D. were understanding
【答案】B
【解析】考点:现在分词作原因状语。volunteers 与 understand 是主动关系,且主句已有 marked,空处用非谓语 understanding 表原因。
易错点:were understanding 会形成逗号连接的两个谓语;understood 表被动不合语义。
3. ______ enough information, the clerk could not answer the visitor's question.
A. Not having
B. Not had
C. Not have
D. Not to have
【答案】A
【解析】考点:分词否定式。空处表示原因,“没有足够信息”,clerk 与 have 是主动关系,否定放在分词前,用 Not having。
易错点:not had 不能作完整分词结构;not to have 多表目的或将来。
4. The workers ______ the old cables must wear safety gloves.
A. replaced
B. replacing
C. to be replaced
D. replaces
【答案】B
【解析】考点:现在分词作后置定语。workers 与 replace 是主动关系,replacing the old cables 修饰 workers。
易错点:replaced 表被替换的工人,语义错误;replaces 是谓语形式。
5. The fire-safety video was so ______ that everyone watched it carefully.
A. interested
B. interesting
C. interest
D. interests
【答案】B
【解析】考点:现在分词形容词作表语。video 是产生兴趣的来源,表示“令人感兴趣的”,用 interesting。
易错点:interested 通常说明人的感受,不能修饰 video 的特征。
【考点4 过去分词】
一、基本含义
过去分词是一种非谓语动词形式,由“动词原形 + -ed”(规则动词)或不规则变化构成,表示被动、完成的动作或状态。
二、用法
用法类别
含义说明
例句(带翻译)
作定语
放在名词前(单个词)或名词后(短语),表示“被……的”或“已经……的”。
1. The broken window was repaired yesterday.
(那扇破窗户昨天被修好了。)
2. The book written by Lu Xun is very famous.
(鲁迅写的那本书非常有名。)
作表语
放在系动词后,表示主语的状态或感受,意为“感到……的”。
1. I am interested in English.
(我对英语感兴趣。)
2. The door is locked.
(门是锁着的。)
作宾语补足语
放在感官动词或使役动词后,表示“让某事被做”或“看见/听见某事被做”。
1. I will have my hair cut tomorrow.
(我明天要去理发——让别人剪。)
2. He found his wallet stolen.
(他发现钱包被偷了。)
作状语
表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。核心考点:逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致,且为动宾关系(被动)。
1. Seen from the hill, the park looks beautiful.(时间/条件)
(从山上看,这个公园看起来很漂亮——公园被看。)
2. Deeply moved by the story, she cried.(原因)
(被这个故事深深感动,她哭了。)
【即时训练】
1. After reading the long instruction, several visitors looked ______.
A. confusing
B. confused
C. confuse
D. to confuse
【答案】B
【解析】考点:过去分词形容词作表语。visitors 是感受者,looked 后接形容词表语,表示“感到困惑的”,用 confused。
易错点:confusing 表“令人困惑的”,多修饰事物。
2. Please keep the medicine box ______ away from young children.
A. locking
B. locked
C. to lock
D. lock
【答案】B
【解析】考点:keep sth. done。medicine box 与 lock 是被动关系,keep it locked 表“保持锁好”。
易错点:locking 表主动进行,不符合 box 的被动状态。
3. ______ from the top floor, the old town looks like a small painting.
A. Seeing
B. Seen
C. To see
D. Saw
【答案】B
【解析】考点:过去分词作条件/方式状语。old town 与 see 是被动关系,Seen from... 表“从……被看时/从……看”。
易错点:Seeing 的逻辑主语应是人,不应是 old town。
4. The questions ______ at yesterday's meeting will be answered by email.
A. raising
B. raised
C. to raise
D. raise
【答案】B
【解析】考点:过去分词作后置定语。questions 与 raise 是被动关系,且 yesterday's meeting 表示已经提出,用 raised。
易错点:raising 表问题主动提出别人;to raise 表将来主动,不合题意。
5. ______ by the clear signs, visitors reached the exit quickly.
A. Guiding
B. Guided
C. To guide
D. Guide
【答案】B
【解析】考点:过去分词作原因状语。visitors 与 guide 是被动关系,Guided by the clear signs 表“在清楚标识的引导下”。
易错点:Guiding 表游客主动引导别人,语义不合。
一、真题溯源选择题
1.(2025陕西职教单招第10小题)His parents won't allow him ______ out late.
A. stay B. to stay C. stayed D. staying
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查 allow sb. to do sth. 的固定搭配。allow 后先接宾语 him,再接带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语,表示“允许他做某事”,所以填 to stay,选 B。stay、stayed 和 staying 均不能直接用于该结构。
2.(2025陕西职教单招第18小题)I'm looking forward to ______ in your company after graduation.
A. work B. worked C. works D. working
【答案】D
【解析】look forward to 中 to 为介词,后接动名词。
3.(2025陕西职教单招第20小题)Helen has spent three hours ______ her term paper.
A. revise B. revising C. to revise D. revised
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查 spend + 时间 + doing sth.。three hours 表示时间,后面应接动名词 revising,说明“花三小时修改学期论文”,故选 B。其余形式均不能构成该固定搭配。
4.(2023陕西职教单招第13小题)You'd better ______ a copy of the whole article for yourself.
A. make B. making C. to make D. made
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查 had better 的用法。had better 意为“最好”,后面必须接动词原形,不带 to;句中 make 表示“制作一份文章副本”,因此选 A。B 项动名词、C 项不定式和 D 项过去分词均不能放在 had better 后。
5.(2023陕西职教单招第15小题)I don't feel like ______ abroad to study.
A. go B. going C. went D. gone
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查 feel like doing sth.,意为“想要做某事”。feel like 中的 like 是介词,后面应接名词、代词或动名词;go abroad 要变为 going abroad,故选 B。其余三项都不能作介词 like 的宾语。
6.(2023陕西职教单招第17小题)______ aloud can be a good way to improve your English.
A. Read B. Reading C. Having read D. Have read
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查动名词作主语。句中谓语是 can be,空格处需要一个能够作主语的非谓语形式;Reading aloud 表示“朗读”,是一个一般性学习行为,故选 B。A 项 Read 是动词原形,不能直接作主语;C、D 项的形式均不符合句意和句子结构。
7.(2023陕西职教单招第22小题)The telephone was invented in 1876 by a man ______ Alexander Graham Bell.
A. named B. naming C. that names D. which named
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查过去分词 named 作后置定语。a man named Alexander Graham Bell 意为“一个名叫亚历山大·格拉汉姆·贝尔的人”,name 与 man 为被动关系,因此选 A。
8.(2022陕西职教单招第7小题)My mother often tells me ______ at others.
A. don't laugh B. not to laugh C. to not laugh D. not laugh
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 结构。根据句意“妈妈经常告诉我不要嘲笑别人”,否定词 not 应放在不定式 to 前,构成 not to laugh,因此选 B。A 项为祈使句,不能直接作 tell 的宾补;C 项语序不规范;D 项缺少 to。
9.(2022陕西职教单招第10小题)It's no use ______ about it.
A. worry B. worried C. to worry D. worrying
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查固定句型 It is no use doing sth.,意为“做某事没有用”。因此 worry 应变为动名词 worrying,作真正主语,故选 D。A 项动词原形、B 项过去分词和 C 项不定式均不能用于该句型。
10.(2022陕西职教单招第23小题)It was so noisy that I couldn't make myself ______ clearly.
A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. being heard
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查 make oneself heard 这一常用表达。myself 与 hear 之间是被动关系,句意是“太吵了,我无法让别人清楚地听到我说话”,所以用过去分词 heard 作宾语补足语,故选 B。A 项 hear 表示“我听见自己”,语义不合;C、D 项形式错误。
11.(2021陕西职教单招第8小题)If you have trouble ______ the way to the railway station, please ask the police for help.
A. finding B. to find C. finds D. found
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查 have trouble (in) doing sth.,意为“做某事有困难”。介词 in 可以省略,但后面仍必须接动名词;finding the way 表示“找到去火车站的路”,故选 A。
12.(2021陕西职教单招第20小题)Susan, I'd like to have these materials ______ by ten o'clock.
A. printed B. to print C. print D. printing
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查 have sth. done 结构,表示“让某物被……;请别人完成某事”。materials 与 print 之间是被动关系,意思是“希望这些材料在十点前被打印好”,故选 A。B、C、D 项都不能表达“材料被打印”的含义。
二、真题溯源短文改错
(2025陕西职教单招短文改错第67题)Yesterday our class decided send him some flowers and asked me to buy the flowers.
________ 13 ________
【答案】decided 后加 to
【解析】decide to do sth. 中,decide 后需接带 to 的不定式。
(2025陕西职教单招短文改错第68题)I have had a hard time get them since then.
________ 14 ________
【答案】get→getting
【解析】have a hard time (in) doing sth. 中,后接动名词。
(2021陕西职教单招短文改错第66题)If you take a bus, you have wait for about half an hour.
________ 15 ________
【答案】have 后加 to
【解析】have to do sth. 表示“不得不做某事”。
(2021陕西职教单招短文改错第68题)I am used to go to work by bus.
________ 16 ________
【答案】go→going
【解析】be used to doing sth. 中,to 为介词,后接动名词。
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
编写说明:2027年陕西省(职教单招)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练,在编写中融入支架式教学理念,紧扣陕西职教单招英语真题考情,将代词知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、真题溯源训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。
本专题是2027年陕西省(职教单招)《英语一轮讲练测》的第3个专题,内容为非谓语动词。
2027年陕西省(职教单招)
《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义
专题03 非谓语动词
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警
02 体系构建·思维可视
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚
考点1 动词不定式
即时训练
考点2 动名词
即时训练
考点3 现在分词
即时训练
考点4 过去分词
即时训练
04 真题溯源·考向感知
考点
内容解读
陕西省2021—2025年职教单招真题统计(题号)
2021年
2022年
2023年
2024年
2025年
动词不定式(to do)
考查不定式作宾语、宾补及固定句型中的用法。常见结构包括:decide/want/allow/tell/help/permit sb. to do(不定式作宾补)、find it + adj. + to do(不定式作真正宾语)、had better do(不带to的不定式)。短文改错中常考查不定式符号to的遗漏。
(7)(66)
(7)
(13)(24)(69)
(10)(60)(61)(67)
动名词(doing)
考查动名词作主语、宾语及固定搭配中的用法。常见结构包括:enjoy/finish/feel like doing(动名词作动词宾语)、look forward to/spend time in/have trouble in doing(动名词作介词宾语)、It’s no use/Reading aloud doing(动名词作主语)。
(8)
(10)
(15)(17)(71)
(18)(20)(35)(68)
过去分词(done)
考查过去分词作宾语补足语和后置定语。常见结构包括:have sth. done(让某事被做)、make oneself done(使自己被……),以及过去分词作后置定语(如a man named...)。解题关键是判断逻辑主语与分词之间的被动关系。
(20)
(23)
(22)
固定搭配与综合辨析
考查非谓语动词在不同固定搭配中的辨析,如used to do(过去常常)与be used to doing(习惯于)的区别、感官动词后接do与doing的区别等。此类题常出现在短文改错和语境选择中,需要结合句意和搭配规则综合判断。
(68)
命题预警
2027年备考应将非谓语动词列为高频必训专题(重点)。单项选择仍会以固定搭配为入口,考查 to do/doing/done 的选择;完形填空会在生活语境中考动词搭配;短文改错可能出现介词后误用动词原形、forget/remember/stop 后形式混淆、分词主被动误判;书面表达中建议学生主动使用 It is important to do、spend time doing、be interested in doing 等安全句型。
【考点1 动词不定式:to do 与省略 to】
动词不定式基本形式为 to do,否定式为 not to do。它常作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语和后置定语。陕西真题中 allow sb. to do、tell sb. not to do、ask sb. to do、decide to do、want to do 是基础必会结构(必考点)。
易错提醒:had better 后接动词原形;使役动词 make/let/have 和感官动词 see/hear/watch/notice 在主动句中常接省略 to 的不定式;但变为被动语态时 to 要还原,如 He was made to clean the room.
一、基本含义
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,由“to + 动词原形”构成,在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用,表示“未来的、具体的或一次性”的动作。
二、用法
用法类别
含义说明
例句
作主语
表示动作或状态,常放在句首;为避免头重脚轻,常用 It 作形式主语,将真正主语(不定式)后置。
1. To learn English well is important.
(学好英语很重要。)
2. It is dangerous to swim alone in the river.
(独自在河里游泳很危险。)
作宾语
跟在某些及物动词后作宾语,表示“要做某事”。常考动词:want, decide, hope, plan, agree, refuse, learn 等。
1. She wants to be a nurse.
(她想成为一名护士。)
2. We decided to visit the museum.
(我们决定去参观博物馆。)
作宾语补足语
补充说明宾语的动作。常见结构:动词(tell, ask, want, teach 等)+ 宾语 + to do。
注意:使役动词(make, let, have)和感官动词(see, hear)后要省略 to。
1. My mother asked me to buy some milk.
(我妈妈让我买些牛奶。)
2. The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.
(老板让工人们每天工作12小时。——省略 to)
作定语
放在名词或代词后面,修饰该名词,表示“要做……的”。
1. I have a lot of homework to do.
(我有许多作业要做。)
2. She is the first student to come to school.
(她是第一个到校的学生。)
作状语
表示 目的、结果 或 原因。
• 目的状语最常见。
• 结果状语常与 only 连用,表意外结果。
1. He got up early to catch the bus.(目的)
(他早起是为了赶公交车。)
2. I hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.(结果)
(我匆忙赶到车站,结果却发现火车已经开走了。)
与疑问词连用
接在 what, which, how, where, when 等词后,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。
1. I don’t know what to do next.
(我不知道下一步该做什么。)
2. Can you tell me how to get to the hospital?
(你能告诉我怎么去医院吗?)
作表语
放在系动词(be, seem, appear)后,说明主语的具体内容或将来的动作。
1. My dream is to become a teacher.
(我的梦想是成为一名老师。)
2. Your job is to clean the classroom today.
(你今天的任务是打扫教室。)
【即时训练】
一、单项选择
1. His parents won't allow him ______ out late.
A. stay B. to stay C. stayed D. staying
2. My mother often tells me ______ at others.
A. don't laugh B. not to laugh C. to not laugh D. not laugh
3. You'd better ______ a copy of the whole article for yourself.
A. make B. making C. to make D. made
4. In order ______ the river, the villagers didn't allow us to set up a factory there.
A. protect B. protecting C. to protect D. protected
5. The teacher made the boy ______ the sentence again.
A. read B. to read C. reading D. readed
二、短文改错
阅读下面短文。每行只有一处与不定式及相关搭配有关的错误,请在右侧横线上写出改正内容。
Last Monday, our English teacher asked us prepare a short speech
________ 6 ________
for the school English festival. I wanted giving a talk
________ 7 ________
about vocational skills, but I did not know how start.
________ 8 ________
My friend Li Hua advised me search for useful information
________ 9 ________
on the Internet and reminded me not copy other people's words
________ 10 ________
directly. In order improve my speech, I went to the library
________ 11 ________
after class and read several articles about young workers. The librarian helped me to find books and made me to write down key points.
________ 12 ________
I planned finish the speech before Friday
________ 13 ________
because I hoped using my free time to practise. My teacher encouraged me to speak loudly and clearly in front of the mirror. She also told us to listen carefully when other students were speaking.
________ 14 ________
Finally, I was ready give the speech in front of the class. Although I felt nervous at first, I was happy to share my ideas and learn from my classmates.
________ 15 ________
【考点2 动名词】
动名词 doing 兼有动词和名词特点,可作主语、表语、宾语。陕西真题中 Reading aloud can be a good way...、It's no use worrying...、feel like going、look forward to working、spend time revising 等均属于本考点(必考点)。
易错提醒:介词后接动词时一般用 doing,如 without taking、for showing、be interested in learning;to 若为介词,也接 doing,如 look forward to doing。
一、基本含义
动名词是一种非谓语动词形式,由“动词原形 + -ing”构成,兼具动词和名词的特征,表示“习惯性、一般性或已完成的”动作。
二、用法
用法类别
含义说明
例句
作主语
表示一般性或习惯性的动作,谓语动词用单数。可与 It is + adj. + to do 结构区分。
1. Swimming is good for health.
(游泳对健康有益。)
2. Smoking is not allowed here.
(此处禁止吸烟。)
作宾语
跟在某些及物动词或介词后作宾语,表示“做过某事”或“习惯做某事”。常考动词:enjoy, finish, avoid, suggest, practice, mind 等。
1. I enjoy reading novels before bed.
(我喜欢睡前读小说。)
2. He is good at playing basketball.
(他擅长打篮球。)
作表语
放在系动词(be, seem, appear)后,说明主语的具体内容,可与主语互换位置。
1. Her job is teaching English.
(她的工作是教英语。)
2. Seeing is believing.
(眼见为实。)
作定语
放在名词前,表示该名词的功能、用途(不是正在进行的动作)。
1. a swimming pool
(游泳池——用于游泳的池子)
2. a reading room
(阅览室——用于阅读的房间)
介宾结构
动名词常作介词的宾语,形成固定短语。常考短语:look forward to, be used to, pay attention to, be busy in, have difficulty in 等。
1. I look forward to hearing from you.
(我期待收到你的来信。)
2. She is used to getting up early.
(她习惯了早起。)
动名词的复合结构
在动名词前加上物主代词(my, his, Tom's)或名词所有格,表示动作的发出者。
1. Do you mind my opening the window?
(你介意我打开窗户吗?)
2. Tom's coming late made the teacher angry.
(汤姆迟到让老师很生气。)
【即时训练】
1. ______ aloud can be a good way to improve your English.
A. Read B. Reading C. Having read D. Have read
2. It's no use ______ about it. Let's ask the teacher for help.
A. worry B. worried C. to worry D. worrying
3. I don't feel like ______ abroad to study.
A. go B. going C. went D. gone
4. I'm looking forward to ______ in your company after graduation.
A. work B. worked C. works D. working
5. Helen has spent three hours ______ her term paper.
A. revise B. revising C. to revise D. revised
【考点3 现在分词】
一、基本含义
现在分词是一种非谓语动词形式,由“动词原形 + -ing”构成,表示主动、正在进行的动作或状态。
二、用法
用法类别
含义说明
例句
作定语
放在名词前(单个词)或名词后(短语),表示“正在做……的”或“主动做……的”。
1. The sleeping baby is lovely.
(正在睡觉的婴儿很可爱。)
2. The boy running on the playground is my brother.
(在操场上跑步的那个男孩是我弟弟。)
作表语
放在系动词后,说明主语的特征或性质,意为“令人……的”。
1. The movie is exciting.
(这部电影令人兴奋。)
2. Her story sounds interesting.
(她的故事听起来很有趣。)
作宾语补足语
放在感官动词(see, hear, watch, feel等)后,表示“看见/听见某人正在做某事”。
1. I saw him crossing the street.
(我看见他正在过马路。)
2. She heard someone singing in the room.
(她听见有人在房间里唱歌。)
作状语
表示时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等。核心考点:逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致,且为主谓关系。
1. Walking in the park, I met an old friend.(时间/伴随)
(在公园散步时,我遇到了一位老朋友。)
2. Being ill, she didn't go to school.(原因)
(因为生病,她没有去上学。)
【即时训练】
1. The team leader entered the workshop, ______ the safety checklist in his hand.
A. held
B. holding
C. to hold
D. was holding
2. The volunteers, ______ the new route, marked it on the map.
A. understood
B. understanding
C. to understand
D. were understanding
3. ______ enough information, the clerk could not answer the visitor's question.
A. Not having
B. Not had
C. Not have
D. Not to have
4. The workers ______ the old cables must wear safety gloves.
A. replaced
B. replacing
C. to be replaced
D. replaces
5. The fire-safety video was so ______ that everyone watched it carefully.
A. interested
B. interesting
C. interest
D. interests
【考点4 过去分词】
一、基本含义
过去分词是一种非谓语动词形式,由“动词原形 + -ed”(规则动词)或不规则变化构成,表示被动、完成的动作或状态。
二、用法
用法类别
含义说明
例句(带翻译)
作定语
放在名词前(单个词)或名词后(短语),表示“被……的”或“已经……的”。
1. The broken window was repaired yesterday.
(那扇破窗户昨天被修好了。)
2. The book written by Lu Xun is very famous.
(鲁迅写的那本书非常有名。)
作表语
放在系动词后,表示主语的状态或感受,意为“感到……的”。
1. I am interested in English.
(我对英语感兴趣。)
2. The door is locked.
(门是锁着的。)
作宾语补足语
放在感官动词或使役动词后,表示“让某事被做”或“看见/听见某事被做”。
1. I will have my hair cut tomorrow.
(我明天要去理发——让别人剪。)
2. He found his wallet stolen.
(他发现钱包被偷了。)
作状语
表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。核心考点:逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致,且为动宾关系(被动)。
1. Seen from the hill, the park looks beautiful.(时间/条件)
(从山上看,这个公园看起来很漂亮——公园被看。)
2. Deeply moved by the story, she cried.(原因)
(被这个故事深深感动,她哭了。)
【即时训练】
1. After reading the long instruction, several visitors looked ______.
A. confusing
B. confused
C. confuse
D. to confuse
2. Please keep the medicine box ______ away from young children.
A. locking
B. locked
C. to lock
D. lock
3. ______ from the top floor, the old town looks like a small painting.
A. Seeing
B. Seen
C. To see
D. Saw
4. The questions ______ at yesterday's meeting will be answered by email.
A. raising
B. raised
C. to raise
D. raise
5. ______ by the clear signs, visitors reached the exit quickly.
A. Guiding
B. Guided
C. To guide
D. Guide
一、真题溯源选择题
1.(2025陕西职教单招第10小题)His parents won't allow him ______ out late.
A. stay B. to stay C. stayed D. staying
2.(2025陕西职教单招第18小题)I'm looking forward to ______ in your company after graduation.
A. work B. worked C. works D. working
3.(2025陕西职教单招第20小题)Helen has spent three hours ______ her term paper.
A. revise B. revising C. to revise D. revised
4.(2023陕西职教单招第13小题)You'd better ______ a copy of the whole article for yourself.
A. make B. making C. to make D. made
5.(2023陕西职教单招第15小题)I don't feel like ______ abroad to study.
A. go B. going C. went D. gone
6.(2023陕西职教单招第17小题)______ aloud can be a good way to improve your English.
A. Read B. Reading C. Having read D. Have read
7.(2023陕西职教单招第22小题)The telephone was invented in 1876 by a man ______ Alexander Graham Bell.
A. named B. naming C. that names D. which named
8.(2022陕西职教单招第7小题)My mother often tells me ______ at others.
A. don't laugh B. not to laugh C. to not laugh D. not laugh
9.(2022陕西职教单招第10小题)It's no use ______ about it.
A. worry B. worried C. to worry D. worrying
10.(2022陕西职教单招第23小题)It was so noisy that I couldn't make myself ______ clearly.
A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. being heard
11.(2021陕西职教单招第8小题)If you have trouble ______ the way to the railway station, please ask the police for help.
A. finding B. to find C. finds D. found
12.(2021陕西职教单招第20小题)Susan, I'd like to have these materials ______ by ten o'clock.
A. printed B. to print C. print D. printing
二、真题溯源短文改错
(2025陕西职教单招短文改错第67题)Yesterday our class decided send him some flowers and asked me to buy the flowers.
________ 13 ________
(2025陕西职教单招短文改错第68题)I have had a hard time get them since then.
________ 14 ________
(2021陕西职教单招短文改错第66题)If you take a bus, you have wait for about half an hour.
________ 15 ________
(2021陕西职教单招短文改错第68题)I am used to go to work by bus.
________ 16 ________
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$