修辞·自然环境·外貌细节描写-读后续写细节描写 清单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习知识清单聚焦“修辞+自然环境+外貌”细节描写，系统涵盖修辞（比喻、夸张、拟人）、自然环境（日、月、星、天空及四季景象）、外貌（身材、皮肤、头发、眉毛）三大核心模块，构建了从基础词汇到复杂句型的描写知识体系。 清单通过“词汇-词块-句型”分层设计呈现知识，如比喻部分收录“as precious as a pearl”等实用词块及“His heart is as hard as a stone”等经典句型，拟人修辞包含“The mist swallowed them up”等生动表达，助力学生提升语言能力与思维品质。特设高频词块标注和句型应用提示，教师可据此引导学生精准掌握细节描写技巧，学生自主复习时能高效构建知识网络，提升备考针对性。

“修辞+自然环境+外貌”细节描写清单 一、修辞 1.比喻 词汇 like prep.像……；as...as...像……一样……；look like/as if看起来像 词块 as precious as a pearl像珍珠一样珍贵；as unique as a fingerprint独一无二；as soft as water柔情似水；as clear as crystal清如水晶；shine like a diamond像钻石一样闪闪发光；like a cat on hot bricks像热锅上的蚂蚁；like a duck to water如鱼得水；a couch potato电视迷；懒人；a map of time时间的写照 句型 1.His heart is as hard as a stone.他铁石心肠。 2.Jenny couldn’t resist her inner joy，flying into the door like a bird.(现在分词短语作状语) 珍妮控制不住内心的喜悦，像小鸟一样飞进了家门。 3.He didn’t think he could go any further.His two legs felt like pieces of wood—heavy and stiff. 他觉得他无法向前走了，双腿像木头一样沉重而僵硬。 4.The road ahead was a ribbon stretching across the desert.前面的路就像横在沙漠里的一条缎带。 5.Like a map of time，the Palace Museum recorded the magnificent history and glorious culture of ancient China.故宫就像一张时间地图，记录着中国古代辉煌的历史和灿烂的文化。 6.The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.It is like a giant dragon perching on a vast land in the north of China.长城是世界奇观之一，它像一条巨龙盘踞在中国北方辽阔的大地上。 7.It is the crystallization of blood and sweat of ancient Chinese labourers，the symbol of Chinese culture and the pride of Chinese nation.它是中国古代劳动者血汗的结晶，是中华文化的象征，是中华民族的骄傲。 2.夸张 单词 heavenly adj.美好的；awfully/extremely/incredibly/enormously/tremendously adv.非常；极其 词块 take one’s breath away令人惊叹；as heavy as a mountain像山一样重；laugh one’s head off狂笑不已；be over the moon/on top of the world欣喜若狂/心满意足；be half dead with fear吓得半死；a ton of/tons of许多，大量；cry one’s eyes out痛哭流涕；eat like a bird吃得很少 句型 1.She beamed and her bright smile lit up the room.她面露喜色，灿烂的笑容照亮了整个房间。 2.When she heard the bad news，a river of tears poured out.听到这个坏消息时，她泪流成河。 3.My headache is killing me.我的头疼死了。 4.We have to wait in line for centuries.我们得排队等很久。 5.I have told you a thousand times that “Don’t speak when your mouth is full.”我已经告诉你无数遍了：“嘴里塞满东西时不要说话。” 6.I was so hungry that I could swallow a horse.我饿得能吞下一匹马。 3.拟人 拟人就是赋予物以人的语言属性。拟人手法的使用会使文章更加形象生动、富有情趣。 句型 1.The mist swallowed them up and the icy wind started howling，stinging their faces violently.薄雾吞没了他们，冰冷的风开始呼啸起来，猛烈地刺痛了他们的脸。 2.Seeing such extraordinary beauty，I felt every cell in my body woke up.看到这绝美景色，我觉得我身体里的每一个细胞都苏醒了。 3.The first rays of morning tiptoed through the grass.第一缕曙光蹑手蹑脚地穿过草地。 4.Immediately an absolute darkness ruled the forest and an extreme sense of fear seized me.刹那间，漆黑统治了整个森林，一种极度的恐惧感笼罩着我。 5.One evening saw/witnessed a bus driver weaving through traffic.一天晚上，一位公共汽车司机穿梭在车流中。 6.The feathery snowflakes danced in the night air，making a beautiful picture.羽毛般的雪花在夜空中飞舞，构成一幅美丽的图画。 7.The bees played hide-and-seek with the flowers as they buzzed from one flower to another.蜜蜂嗡嗡地从一朵花到另一朵花上，与花朵玩捉迷藏。 二、自然环境细节 1.环境描写（一) 单词 breeze n．微风；mist n．薄雾；drizzle n．/v.(下)毛毛细雨；sunset n．日落；sunrise n．日出；loom v．若隐若现；appear v．出现→disappear v．消失；landscape n．景色；scenery n．景色，风景；sight n．风景；track/path n．小道，小径；reflect v．倒映；反射；surround v．环绕→surroundings n．环境；breathtaking adj.壮观的；激动人心的；strike/shock/move v．吸引/震撼/感动 词块 at dusk/dawn在黄昏/黎明时刻；at midnight午夜时分；a gentle sea breeze徐徐的海风；the last ray of light最后一缕光；a winding path leading to the deep forest一条通往森林深处的蜿蜒小路；be attracted by the beauty of the landscape被风景的美丽所吸引；be struck by the breathtaking scenery被令人叹为观止的景色所震撼；the sound of chirping birds叽叽喳喳的鸟鸣声；cast a light on...照亮……；shine brightly in the night sky在夜空中闪闪发光；be spotted with shining stars繁星点点；be a feast for the eyes视觉盛宴 句型 1.The sun was setting in the west，casting a golden glow over the mountains in the distance.(现在分词短语作状语)太阳从西边落下，在远处的群山上投下了金色的光芒。 2.The forest was thick and alive with the sounds of rustling leaves and chirping birds.(介词短语作状语) 森林茂密，生机勃勃。树叶沙沙作响，鸟儿叽叽喳喳。 3.The moon was shining brightly in the night sky，casting a soft light on the fields below.(现在分词短语作状语)月亮在夜空中闪闪发光，在下面的田野上投下柔和的光。 4.The beach was empty，except some small footprints in the sand and a few shells on the shore. 海滩上空无一人，只有沙滩上的一些小脚印和岸边的几枚小贝壳。 5.A gentle breeze gently touched the surface of the lake，causing the leaves on the trees near the shore to sway gently.(拟人修辞)微风轻轻拂过湖面，使岸边树木上的树叶轻轻摆动。 2.自然环境 (二) 单词 thunder n．雷声 v．打雷；spring n．春天；泉水；horizon n．地平线；dew n．露水；露；colourful adj.五彩斑斓的；freezing adj.极冷的；snow-covered adj.积雪覆盖的；frozen adj.结冰的；golden adj.金黄色的 词块 spring showers春雨；cherry blossoms樱花盛开；look like the boundless yellow carpet看起来像无边无际的黄色地毯；a season for harvest/revival丰收/复苏的季节；be covered with a layer of green覆盖一层绿色；be dotted with shining stars繁星点点；wrinkle the surface of the lake使湖面泛起涟漪；be bathed in the golden sunshine沐浴在金色的阳光下；tall branches waving in the wind在风中摇曳的高高的树枝 句型 1.Spring thunder rumbled with continuous rain which moistened the whole earth.春雷隆隆，连绵的雨水滋润着整个大地。 2.With spring approaching，the earth gets covered with a layer of green.随着春天的临近，大地被覆盖了一层绿色。 3.The ground was covered with tender grass，on whose blades some dew drops were glistening in the sunshine.地上长满了嫩草，叶子上一些露珠在阳光下闪闪发光。 4.A gentle breeze came up，wrinkling the surface of the lake.It was really a beautiful morning.(现在分词短语作状语)一阵微风吹过，使湖面泛起涟漪。这真是一个美丽的早晨。 5.Birds flew around the woods singing cheerfully and restlessly.(拟人修辞)鸟儿在树林里飞翔，不停地欢唱。 6.It was a clear stream which ran quite merrily along on its narrow way through the damp greenness.穿过这片潮湿的绿草地，一条清澈的小溪沿着狭窄的水道欢快地流淌着。 3. 日、月、星、天空 单词 dazzling adj.耀眼的；burning adj.炙热的；sunset n．落日；sunrise n．日出；wink/blink/twinkle vi.闪烁；glowing/shining/sparkling adj.亮闪闪的；pale/faint adj.暗淡的；clear adj.晴朗的；overcast adj.阴天的；多云的；horizon n．地平线 词块 be bathed in the amber-like sunshine沐浴在琥珀般的阳光下；hover in the starry sky悬在星空中；dark starless night昏暗的没有星星的夜晚；like the blue Mediterranean像蔚蓝的地中海一样；be blotted out by clouds被云遮住；be overspread with dark clouds(天空)布满了乌云；against the blue sky映衬着蓝天 句型 1.The quiet sky was dotted with sparkling stars.静谧的天空中繁星点点。 2.The warm sunshine flooded in through the open curtain.温暖的阳光透过敞开的窗帘倾泻进来。 3.A silver curve of the moon hovered in the starry sky.一弯银月悬在星空中。 4.The sky，midnight blue，gave the scene a fairy-tale quality；and the stars that dotted the sky lit up the night.深蓝色的天空给这一场景增添了童话般的色彩，点点繁星照亮了夜空。 5.Bathed in the amber-like sunshine，we wandered in the theme park，appreciating the surrounding scenery.(形容词短语作状语)沐浴在琥珀般的阳光下，我们在主题公园里漫步，欣赏周围的景色。 6.A red sun appears in the sky，like a blooming rose.(比喻句)天空出现了一轮红日，像一朵盛开的玫瑰。 7.The red sun has just passed through the sea level and put a layer of rose color on the beautiful and tranquil sea.火红的旭日刚刚穿过海平面，给美丽恬静的大海抹上一层玫瑰色。 三、外貌细节描写 1.身材、皮肤 单词 skinny adj.皮包骨的；slim adj.苗条的；stout adj.肥胖的；overweight adj.超重的；obese adj.肥胖的；well built adj.身强力壮的，体格健美的；middle-sized adj.中等身材的；wrinkled adj.有皱纹的；freckled adj.有雀斑的；ruddy adj.(脸)红润的；dark adj.黝黑的；fair adj.白皙的；sunburned/sunburnt adj.晒得黝黑而好看的 词块 a skinny/slim figure瘦削/苗条的身材；a handsome/striking figure仪表堂堂；a well built person身材魁梧的人；a man with a big belly大腹便便的男子；a person with an average build中等身材的人；of medium/average height中等身高；sun-kissed skin晒黑的皮肤；weather-beaten face饱经风霜的脸 句型 1.Standing in front of us was a gentle old lady，whose wrinkled face formed a portrait of beauty.站在我们面前的是一位温文尔雅的老太太，她那布满皱纹的脸犹如一幅美丽的画像。 2.She retains her slim figure and is free of wrinkles.她保持着苗条的身材，脸上也没有皱纹。 3.He is of average height and average build，with mousy hair and a forgettable face.他中等身高，中等身材，留着灰褐色头发，长着一张过目即忘的脸。 4.A figure in a blue dress appeared in the doorway.一个穿着蓝色连衣裙的身影出现在门口。 5.Jenny is pretty and of slim build，with blue eyes.珍妮非常漂亮，身材苗条，有一双蓝色的眼睛。 2.头发、眉毛 单词 wavy adj.波浪形的；curly adj.卷曲的；jet black adj.乌黑发亮的；shiny adj.有光泽的；shoulder-length adj.齐肩的；bangs n．刘海；pigtail n．辫子；heavy/thick adj.浓密的；thin adj.稀疏的 词块 a cute girl with a pigtail扎着辫子的可爱女孩；a raised eyebrow一道扬起的眉毛；raise one’s eyebrows 扬起眉毛；wrinkle/knit one’s brows皱眉头；smooth one’s unruly hair捋平凌乱的头发；short blonde hair金色短发；wear bangs on the forehead额前留着刘海 句型 1.Under the heavy eyebrows was a pair of sparkling eyes.(完全倒装) 浓眉下是一双炯炯有神的眼睛。 2.Helen raised her eyebrows in surprise at his boldness.海伦扬起眉毛，对他的大胆感到惊讶。 3.She lost much of the roundness of her face，her skin lost its youth，and her hair was thinner.她往日丰润的脸庞消瘦多了，皮肤失去了青春的光泽，头发也不那么浓密了。 4.As she bent forward，her fine black hair fell over her cheek.当她身子前倾时，秀美的黑发倾泻在她的脸颊上。 5.He has brilliant blue eyes，short blonde hair，and a well-defined jaw.他有着明亮的蓝眼睛、金色短发和棱角分明的下巴。 6.Her thick curly black hair was twisted into a knot on the back of her head.她那浓密的黑色卷发在后脑勺上盘成一个髻。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $