Unit 4 Exploring poetry 暑假预习导学案-2026-2027学年译林版（2020）高中英语选择性必修第一册

05进门考 单句语法 1. ____________(apparent) the boy was hiding something from us. 2. He drove along with all the car windows _____________(wind) up. 3. A few of his stamps are recognized as the _____________(rare) ones and he is likely to be rich. 4. China's silk trade played an important role in the _____________ (civil) development of China, South Asia and Europe. 5. It may lead to an __________(economy) crisis if house prices fall dramatically. 6. She declined _____________(have) lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well. 7. Studies show the general English level of the Chinese people is _________ the decline. 8. He was an _____________ man. However, he was never able to realize all his _____________. (ambition) 9. The _______ to sunshine is bad for your health. The more you are _______ to it, the blacker your skin will get. (expose) 10. 1)They are trying to find out the __________(history) background of the event. 2)The end of World War II was a ___________(history) event which is still remembered today. 第五讲 选择性必修一Unit 4 Exploring poetry(第一课时)+完型专练+应用文专练 【学习目标】 1、学习选择性必修一Unit 4 Exploring poetry ReadingⅠ的要点词汇和重要句型； 2、信息还原训练，提升阅读理解力； 3、应用文专练。 【学习过程】 Part One New Words in Reading 1. *barren adj. 贫瘠的，不毛的；不结果实的 ①贫瘠的，不毛的 a barren desert/landscape 不毛的沙漠/寸草不生的荒凉景色 ②不结果实的 2. frozen adj.结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的 ①结冰的，冰封的 frozen water 结冰的水 ②冷冻的 frozen peas 冷冻豌豆 ③冻僵的 I'm absolutely frozen! 我简直冻僵了！ ④吓呆；惊呆 be frozen with/in sth. 因某事惊呆 She stared at him, frozen with shock. 她惊呆了，直瞪着他。 【注意】 freezing adj. 极冷的；冰冻的 freezing water 冰冷的水 freeze v. (使）结冰；冻住，冰冻 3. imply vt. 含有...的意思，暗示，暗指-----implication n. [ C,U ] 暗示，言外之意 by implication 言外之意 He gave a long account of his troubles; by implication, he needed financial aid.他讲述了他的烦恼；言外之意是他需要经济援助。 4. dimension n. 方面，侧面；规模，程度；维 dimensional adj. 维度的；空间的 two-dimensional space 二维空间 5. grasp n. 理解,领会；抓紧,紧握,控制；能力所及; vt. 抓紧；领会，理解 beyond one’s grasp = beyond the grasp of sb. 无法理解 grasp the chance/ opportunity to do sth. 抓住机会做某事 6. detect vt. 发现，查明，侦察出 detective n. [C] 侦探 adj. 侦探的 detector n.检测器；探测器；侦察器 detectable adj. 可检测的；可发觉的 a detectable change 可察觉的变化 detection n. 侦查，探测；发现 escape/avoid detection 逃避侦查 7. rhyme n. [C]押韵词；[U]押韵 a poem written in rhyme 押韵的诗 There’s no rhyme or reason to/for sth. = do sth. Without rhyme or reason毫无道理；无规律可循；莫名其妙 vt. 使押韵 rhyme A with B 使A与B押韵 vi. 和...同韵 A rhyme with B 与……押韵 8. complex adj. 复杂的，难懂的 syn:complicated adj. 复杂的；难懂的 opp: simple -- simplicity n. 简单 a complex process/situation 复杂的过程/情况 the complex architectural space 复杂的建筑空间 n.[C] 建筑群；复合体；情结 an industrial complex 工业建筑群 complexity n. 复杂性 9. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的 contradictory information/advice/attitudes 相互矛盾的信息/建议/态度 self-contradictory adj. 自相矛盾的 contradict v. 反驳；与……发生矛盾 contradiction n. 反驳；矛盾；矛盾的说法 contradict oneself 自相矛盾 10. dig up发现，搜集，查明 dig up clues 挖掘线索 dig sth. out 把某物挖出来 dig sth. over 翻（地）；翻挖；刨（地） 11. clue n.[C] 线索，提示；迹象 a clue to/about/as to 关于……的线索/提示 12. cage vt. 把(动物)关在笼中 e.g. The dogs are caged (up) at night. 晚上狗被关进笼里。 n.[C] 笼子 a bird cage 鸟笼 caged birds/animals 笼中鸟/兽 13. *trill n. (鸟的)啼啭；颤音vt. 欢快地高声说vi. 发颤音 14. interpret vt. 解释,阐释；把...理解为,领会；演绎 vi. 口译 interpret for 为……做翻译 interpreter n. 口译译员 interpretation n. 理解；解释；说明 15. patience n.[U] 耐心，忍耐力 have the patience to do sth. 有耐心做某事 have little/no patience with 不能容忍… do sth. with patience (=patiently) 耐心地 patient adj. 耐心的 n.[C] 病人 be patient with 对……有耐心 impatient adj. 不耐烦的 be impatient with 对……不耐烦 impatience n.[U] 不耐烦 16. aside adv. 到旁边,在旁边；留,存；除...以外 17. set sth aside ①把...放一边；②留出，省出（钱或时间）；③暂时不考虑（或放一放）(set-set-set-setting) set aside some time for exercise 留出点时间来进行锻炼 18. remote adj. 偏远的，偏僻的；遥远的，久远的；远亲的 （remoter-remotest） 19. reward vt. 奖励，奖赏 reward sb. with sth. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事而用某物奖励某人 n. 奖励，回报；悬赏金 give a reward to sb. for sth. 因某事而给某人奖励 in reward 作为回报 in reward for 作为对……的报答 rewarding adj. 值得做的，有益的；报酬高的 20. constantly adv. 始终，一直 constant adj. 不断的；重复的；不变的 n. 常数；常量 a constant friend 忠实的朋友 constant pressure 恒压 21. logical adj. 符合逻辑的；必然的，合乎情理的 logical thinking 逻辑思维 the most logical solution to the problem 该问题最合理的解决办法 logically adv. 合逻辑地；合情理地 logic n. [U] 思维方式；解释方法；逻辑 22. inner adj. 内心的，隐藏的；里面的，内部的 opp: outer adj. 远离中心的；外围的 23. perceive vt. 注意到,意识到；将...理解为,将...视为 perceive that... 意识到/察觉到 sb. be perceived to do sth. 某人被发现做了某事 perceive...as/to be 将……看成/理解为…… perception n. [U]知觉，感知；[U]洞察力，悟性（syn: insight） 24. reality n. 现实，实际情况；事实，实际经历 real adj. 真实的，实际存在的 really adv. 事实上，真正地，真实地 realize v. 实现，将…变为现实；认识到，意识到 25. mist n.[U,C] 薄雾，水汽 thick mist 浓雾 Part Two Words and sentence patterns in Reading 1.hold fast to 紧紧抓住；坚持(思想或原则) Hold fast to dreams; For if dreams die; Life is a broken-winged bird;That cannot fly.(P43)紧紧抓住梦想；因为如果梦想消逝；生活是一只折了翅膀的鸟，再也不能飞翔 【拓展短语】 hold back 抑制(感情)；阻拦；隐瞒 hold on 坚持；不挂断电话；稍等 hold on to紧紧抓住；保住(优势) hold up举起；阻碍；耽搁 单句语法填空 ①The manager asked him to hold while he investigated． ②It accelerates briskly enough not to hold traffic． ③She just managed to hold her anger． 2.frozen adj.冻僵的，冷冻的；结冰的，冰封的 Life is a barren field frozen with snow.生命就成了一块覆盖着冰雪的贫瘠的冻土。(P43) 【归纳用法】 (1)be frozen to death　　被冻死 (2)freeze vi.(froze；frozen)冻结，冰冻；突然停止，呆住 freeze (sb) to death (把某人)冻死 (3)freezing adj. 极冷的，严寒的 freezing cold 极其寒冷 The little match girl was frozen to death on Christmas Eve.卖火柴的小女孩在圣诞前夜冻死了 单句语法填空 ①The water at the edge of the lake (freeze) last night. ②According to the weather report, tonight the temperature will fall to 3 degrees below (freeze)． ③On a freezing winter afternoon, the little girl was found eating food.(freeze) ④Salt water (freeze) at a lower temperature than fresh water. ⑤It was so that the cold weather the lake.And I was almost .(freeze) 3.while引导让步状语从句 While you may ask“What does it mean？” as you begin reading a poem，it is better to ask“How does it sound？” 尽管当你开始读一首诗时，你可能会问“它是什么意思？”，但是最好问问“听起来怎么样？”(P44) 【讲解】句中的while意为“尽管；虽然”，相当于although，引导让步状语从句 While I see what you say, I can't agree with you.虽然我能理解你说的话，但是我不能同意你。 While the work was difficult, it was interesting.虽然工作有难度，但很有趣 【归纳】while作连词时的主要用法： (1)“虽然；尽管”，表示转折，引导让步状语从句。 (2)“然而”，表示对比，引导并列句。 (3)“当……时候；在……期间”，引导时间状语从句,从句多用be doing的形式.若主从句主语一致,且从句中含be动词,从句中的主语和be动词可以省略. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve. 虽然较年轻的几代人更喜欢视觉交流，但是对于那些习惯使用像电子邮件这样的传统工具工作的人来说，它可能感觉就像一个学习曲线 [注意]while意为“虽然，尽管”时，与although，though 用法相同，不过从句常置于句首，不与but连用 单句语法填空 ①While online shopping (change) our life, not all of its effects have been positive. ②She met Andy while (work) on a production of Carmen. ③I like playing football you like playing basketball. She was cooking while she (keep)an eye on her baby sleeping in the cradle. 4.grasp vt.抓住；领会，理解 n．控制，抓紧；领会，理解；能力所及 Even if its true meaning appears to be beyond your grasp, you can always say something about how the poem sounds when you read it aloud.(P44) 即使你无法理解诗歌的真正含义，也总是可以说说这首诗在朗读时听起来如何。 【归纳用法】 (1)have a good grasp of(＝have a good command of)很好地掌握…… within one's grasp 为某人力所能及的；为某人所能理解的 beyond one's grasp＝beyond the grasp of sb.为某人所不能理解的；为某人力所不及的 (2)grasp sb by the hand/arm抓住某人的手/手臂 grasp a chance/an opportunity (to do ...) 抓住机会（做某事） grasp at sth. 尽力抓住…… These complex formulae are beyond the grasp of the average pupil. 这些复杂的公式是一般小学生不能理解的。 Success was within her grasp. 她有把握获得成功。 He has a good grasp of German grammar. 他德语语法掌握得很好。 写出下列句中grasp的词性及含义 ①A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in.　n．理解，领会　 ②She grasped me by the arm and led me to the window．　vt.抓紧，抓牢　 ③I think I grasped the main points of the speech.　vt.领会，理解　 单句语法填空 (1)Kay grasped him the wrist. (2)It took him some time to grasp he was now a public figure. (3)I grasped the opportunity (work) abroad. (4)You seem to have a good grasp the subject. 5.detect vt.发现，查明，侦察出 Do you detect a rhythm?你察觉到押韵了吗？(P44) 【归纳用法】 (1)detect sb.in doing sth.发现某人正在做某事(坏事) (2)detective n. 侦探--detection n. 侦查，发现，发觉---detectable adj.　可察觉到的---detector n.　探测器，检测器 The tests are designed to detect the disease early.这些检查旨在早期查出疾病 单句语法填空 ①Some sounds cannot 　(detect) by the human ear. ②There has been no 　 　(detect) change in the patient's condition. ③Early 　 　(detect) of the cancer improves the chances of successful treatment. ④The (detect) was trying to winkle information out of her. ⑤He detected a ship (move) down the starboard side of the submarine. 6.approach v., n. Second, approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape. 第二，读诗时你就像是一个探索陌生风景的探险家（P44） 【归纳用法】 (1)approach vt. 着手处理，对付（=deal with） What's the best way of approaching this problem? 什么是处理这个问题的最佳方式？ (2)approach vt. & vi.（在距离或时间上）靠近，接近 Winter is approaching. 冬天就要来临。 As you approach the town, you'll see the college on the left. 快到市镇时就可以看见左边的学院。 (3)approach n. 在距离或时间上）靠近，接近；[C] 方式，方法；途径，道路 the approach of ... ……的临近 an approach to (doing) sth. （做）某事的方法/途径 The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline.学校决定采取另外一种方式解决纪律问题。 All the approaches/ways to the palace were guarded by troops. 通往宫殿的所有道路都有军队守卫。 the approach of spring 春天的来临 【拓展】表示“方法，方式”的短语总结 in a(n) ... manner 用……的方法 in this way和with this method 通过这种方式/方法 by means of ... 借助……的手段，依靠……的方法 the method of/for (doing) sth.，the way to do/of doing sth.和the approach to (doing) sth. （做）某事的方法 单句语法填空 (1)We heard the sound of an (approach) car. (2)We will be exploring different approaches to (gather) information. (3)She answered a businesslike manner. (4)The load was lifted means of a crane. 7.as if引导状语从句或表语从句 Second, approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape. 第二，读诗时你就像是一个探索陌生风景的探险家（P44） as if＝as though意为“似乎，好像”，常引导状语从句或表语从句。 (1)如果as if/though所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的，句子要用陈述语气。 (2)如果所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式如下： ①表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(从句中be动词常用were)； ②表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去完成时had done； ③表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。 (3)as if/though引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中有be的某种形式时，从句中的主语和系动词可省略，后面直接跟名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词。 单句语法填空 ①When I walked in, everyone was looking at me, which made me suddenly feel as I was doing something wrong. ②She treated her adopted son as if he (be) her own child. ③It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I (do) it? ④He stared at me as if (see) me for the first time. ⑤The student raised his hand as if (ask) a question. ⑥I felt as if my heart (stop). ⑦ Her head felt as if it (burst). ⑧Sam looked as if he (not have) a care in the world. ⑨He behaved as if nothing (happen)． 8.contradictory adj.相互矛盾的，对立的 This combination is often complex or even contradictory.这种组合往往是复杂的，甚至是矛盾的(P45) 【归纳用法】 (1)be contradictory to　与……矛盾/对立 (2)contradict vi.&vt. 与……矛盾，与……抵触；反驳，驳斥 contradict each other　相互矛盾 contradict oneself　自相矛盾 (3)contradiction n.　矛盾，不一致；反驳，驳斥 in contradiction to　与……相反/对立 contradiction between A and B A和B之间的矛盾 The statements of the witness contradict each other and the facts remain unclear.目击者的说法相互矛盾，真相依然不清楚。 The speaker got confused and started contradicting himself.演讲者糊涂了，说话开始自相矛盾起来。 His remark was contradictory to the fact and therefore I couldn't put my signature to it.他的话与事实相矛盾，因此我不能签字。 单句语法填空 ①To everyone's surprise, the student should have been praised for putting forward an idea which (contradict) their teacher's. ②The prisoner's statement was contradictory 　　 the one he'd made earlier. ③As far as I can see, his remark was in (contradict) to the truth. ④It was ridiculous that the witnesses gave two (contradict) statements. 9.dig up 发现，搜集，查明 As you slowly explore your surroundings, you will start to dig up clues that give you a greater understanding of the poem.当你慢慢探索周围的环境时，你会开始挖掘线索，让你更好地理解这首诗(P45) 【归纳用法】 dig in　耐心等待；忍耐；忍受 dig into sth．探究/探寻/探询某事物 dig sb．/sth．out (of sth．) (从……中)挖掘出/找出…… 单句语法填空 ①There is nothing we can do except dig and wait． ②Will you dig a little his past and see what you find? ③Quite a number of valuable details (dig)out of libraries and archives by the group of researchers． 10.interpret vt.解释，阐释；把……理解为，领会；演绎vi.口译 Third, if you are still struggling to interpret the meaning of a poem even with much painstaking effort, just have some patience.第三，如果你下了很大的功夫可还是纠结于理解一首诗的意思，那就耐心一点吧。(P45) 【归纳用法】 (1)interpret sth as sth　　把……理解为 interpret for sb 为某人翻译 interpret sth in　用(言语或表演)解释某事 interpret...into... 把……译成…… interpret as　解释为；把……理解为 (2)interpretation n. 解释，说明；理解 interpreter n. 口译员，传译员 interpretative adj.　理解的，解释的 We have to interpret his words in a modern term.我们不得不用现代术语来解释他的话。 The fact that they had decided to come was interpreted as a positive sign.他们已经决定要来的事实可被解释为一个积极的信号 I interpret his answer as a refusal. 我把他的回答理解为拒绝。 【注意】interpret主要指“口译”，translate主要指“笔译”。 写出下列句中interpret的含义/单句语法填空 ①I didn’t know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal.把……理解为 ②They spoke good Spanish，and promised to interpret for me.口译 ③He interpreted the role with a lot of humour.演绎 单句语法填空 ①We need somebody 　(interpret) from Russian into English. ②She interprets his silence 　 arrogance (傲慢). ③This English poem can in two ways(interpret). ④We can interpret what we hear English when we are listening to the radio, watching a movie or having a meeting. ⑤I'm not satisfied with his of this sentence.(interpret) 11.patience n．耐心，忍耐力 Third, if you are still struggling to interpret the meaning of a poem even with much painstaking effort, just have some patience.第三，如果你下了很大的功夫可还是纠结于理解一首诗的意思，那就耐心一点吧。(P45) 【归纳用法】 (1)have patience with 对……有耐心 with patience　耐心地 lose patience with 对……失去耐心 be out of patience with　对……忍无可忍 (2)patient adj. 耐心的；n. 病人 be patient with sb 对某人有耐心 be patient of sth 对某事有忍耐力 (3)patiently adv. 耐心地 The businessman answered all my questions with patience.这名企业家耐心地回答了我所有的问题。 Look out! He has lost his patience with you.当心！他已对你失去了耐心。 单句语法填空 ①After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove, I waited (patient) until the oil was hot. ②He gave up in the end for losing (patient) with the task. ③Bob is a little slow in understanding, so we have to be patient him. ④Tom has been quite patient the noises outside the window for two days. 完型填空 My life as an exchange student finally began! It was only a short 20-minute drive from the airport to Queensland University of Technology (QUT), but I 41 it a lot because my driver was very 42 and told me a lot about Australian culture along the way. Before leaving home, I had a general idea of what my 43 would be like. When O-Week (迎新周) at QUT finally happened, I felt that my life here really 44 my first expectations. The week-long event not only 45 me to join different clubs and societies, but also gave me a chance to 46 QUT’s campus. I loved the atmosphere of O-Week. It was really lively. 47 with different cultures in person was really a(n) 48 . I felt this was exactly what I 49 life in Australia would be like. I was really excited! After 50 my new home, I found that living in Brisbane was quite different, I had the 51 to do a lot more things and had no limits to 52 I could do them. For example, have you ever wanted pancakes even at 6 am? Moreover, it was 53 to live there — one of my favorite restaurants was only a 2-minute walk away from my house. Besides, I found it quite interesting to meet and work with the locals. I loved Australia so much that I felt very 54 when my experience came to a(n) 55 . I made so many friends there and I hope to see them all again on my next world tour! 41．A．predicted B．exposed C．enjoyed D．pursued 42．A．curious B．friendly C．flexible D．independent 43．A．behavior B．position C．context D．experience 44．A．worked through B．lived up to C．went beyond D．obsessed with 45．A．allowed B．forced C．rejected D．warned 46．A．explode B．export C．explore D．expand 47．A．Interacting B．Proceeding C．Struggling D．Complaining 48．A．attitude B．eye-opener C．record-holder D．mixture 49．A．dominated B．pictured C．declared D．postponed 50．A．settling into B．figuring out C．carrying out D．knocking into 51．A．motivation B．patience C．intention D．freedom 52．A．why B．how C．when D．where 53．A．convenient B．practical C．effective D．exciting 54．A．reserved B．confused C．upset D．satisfied 55．A．point B．power C．existence D．end 应用文 假定你是李华，刚认识的英国笔友Ryan来信请你分享一次令你印象深刻的旅行。 内容包括：1. 旅行经历；2. 感受或收获。 注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Ryan, ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ . Yours, Li Hua 课后练习 一、单句语法填空 1. Excuse me, could you please show me where I can find some (freeze) dumplings? 2. (patient) combined with diligence is necessary for success. 3. It is very (reward)to keep a diary of daily happenings. 4. We should (constant) urge ourselves to study hard. 5. For Nick, his dream became a (real) six months ago. 二、综合填空　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 This summer，have you been surprised by women wearing hanfu，or Han-style clothing，at subway stations，shopping malls or scenic areas? In 2018，the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League of China set the 1. (three) day of March in the Chinese lunar calendar,2. (traditional) the birthday of the Yellow Emperor as the annual Traditional Chinese Garment Day.Since then，3. beauty of hanfu has gained more and more recognition and acceptance by common people. Generally，hanfu refers 4. traditional Chinese clothing worn by the Han ethnic(民族的) group before the Qing Dynasty(1644—1911)．Historically，Han Chinese clothing has also influenced some of its neighboring cultural clothing,5. (include) the Japanese kimono，Korean hanbok，and clothing of Mongolia，Vietnam and Bhutan. Hanfu appears elegant and beautiful,6. is not only due to the thousands of years of culture behind its beautiful design，but also because of its extraordinary craftsmanship(工艺) and aesthetics(美学)．Hanfu includes more than 30 7. (example) of China’s intangible(非物质的)cultural heritage as well as Chinese arts and crafts under 8. (preserve)． Hanfu 9. (represent) an aesthetic for living and a continuation of traditional Chinese culture.Nowadays，more and more fashion designs look to hanfu for inspiration 10. (create) their own brand. 06进门考 单句语法填空 1.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely (bring) your work home. 2. (build) the bridge, the workers moved to another city. 3. (face) with the difficult situation, he took courage and overcame it at last. 4.Lang Ping is the first person in volleyball history (win) gold as both a player and a head coach in the Olympic Games. 5. (inspire) by the spirit of the spider, the general gathered his soldiers and trained them carefully. 6.Keep the injured with his head (hold) straight while someone calls for emergency. 7.The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 8.At the party, the pretty girl wore a very attractive skirt to make herself (notice)． 9.What was once regarded as impossible has now become a (real). 10.Teaching children with special needs requires (patient) and understanding. 11.With early (detect) and treatment，there is a high chance of recovery. 12.If we admit it is a door，they’ll want to go outside (constant). 13.Contrast fresh vegetables with (freeze) ones and you’ll find the fresh ones taste much better. 14.The most (reward) day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together. 15.This animal is dangerous and should (cage) in. 第六讲 选择性必修一Unit4 Exploring poetry(第二课时)+语法填空专练 【学习目标】 1、学习选择性必修一Unit4 Exploring poetry ReadingⅡ的重要词汇和句型； 2、语法填空训练，提升阅读理解力。 3、读后续写专练 【学习目标】 Part One Words and sentence patterns Reading Ⅱ 12.set sth aside 把……放一边；留出 So if you do not get it, set the poem aside and come back to it later.所以如果你没有读懂某一首诗，那就暂且先放在一边，以后再读(P45) 【拓展set短语】 set about doing sth.　着手做某事 set down (指车辆或司机)停下来让 (乘客)下车；记下；放下 set off 出发，动身，起程；使……爆炸---- set off for...=leave for... 动身前往 set out 出发；摆放；陈述或宣布；开始做某事 set up 摆放或竖起某物；使……准备使用；开办，建立 Let's set aside my personal feelings for now. 目前我们就不要顾及我的个人感觉了 【拓展aside短语】 set sth aside　把……放一边；留出 lay aside　把……搁置一边 put aside　节省；储蓄；储存 aside from(＝apart from) 除了……外(还)，除了……外(都) I think you'd better lay aside fatty foods for a while. 我认为你最好暂时别吃油腻的食物。 Although this could likewise involve putting aside money for your university education, it also means investing in yourself. 虽然也可能涉及到为你的大学教育存钱，但这也是为你自己投资。 单句语法填空 ①At five in the morning she set out (prepare) breakfast for her family. ②Some doctors advise we should try to set some time each day for exercise. ③In China people like to set firecrackers during the Spring Festival. ④After supper，Mary set about (put) away the chopsticks and bowls. ⑤Little Tom and his father set off America last week，and arrived there this morning. ⑥She listened attentively and set every word the teacher said. ⑦The organization was set to preserve endangered species from extinction. 13.reward vt．奖励，奖赏 n．奖励，回报；悬赏金 This may seem difficult at first，but when you finally make your great discovery, your efforts will be rewarded.一开始似乎很难，但当你终于有了伟大的发现，你的努力就会得到回报(P45) 【归纳用法】 (1)as a reward (for)　　作为(对……的)报酬/奖赏 in reward (for)＝in return (for) 作为(对……的)回报 give/offer a reward to sb.for sth.＝give/offer sb.a reward for sth. 为某事而给某人报酬/回报 (2)reward sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事酬谢某人 reward sb with sth 用某物酬谢某人 (3)rewarding adj. 值得的；有益的；有意义的 As a reward for being admitted to college，many students got new cellphone as presents.作为对被大学录取的奖赏，很多学生得到了新手机作为礼物。 The government rewarded him for saving the old man in the well.因救起了落井的老人，他受到了政府的奖赏。 He received high praise in reward for his caring about the old.他因关心老人而获得高度赞扬。 【易混辨析】　reward，award，prize ①reward既可作动词，也可作名词，指对某人学习、工作或服务等的回报，意为“报答，酬谢，奖励” ②award既可作动词，也可作名词，强调荣誉、名誉等方面的奖励，意为“授予；颁发奖品，奖金” ③prize用作名词，一般指在比赛或一些活动中凭能力或运气所赢的奖 单句语法填空 ① a reward for passing the exams, she got a new bike from her parents. ② reward for his timely help, I decided to treat him to a seafood dinner. ③The government rewarded him saving the old man in the well. ④He rewarded the boy $10 for bringing back his lost dog. ⑤When asked for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and (reward). ⑥The boss decided to give reward to him for what he had done． 14.constantly adv.始终，一直 Poems that are easy to understand are often less interesting than those that constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings. (P45) 容易理解的诗歌往往不如那些不断揭示更深层次和以前未被认识到的含义的诗歌有趣 【拓展用法】 constant adj.　不断的；重复的；不变的 n.　常数；常量 a constant stream of visitors　络绎不绝的游客 keep in constant contact with sb一直与某人保持联系 travel at a constant speed　以恒定速度行驶 He kept in constant contact with his family while he was in Australia.他在澳大利亚时一直和家人保持着联系。 I'm constantly telling him to behave himself.我不断地告诉他要守规矩。 The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.我们知道什么和不知道什么的问题一直困扰着我 【注意】constantly常用于进行时中，表示说话人的一种感情色彩，如赞扬、批评、厌倦等。 单句语法填空 ①We are 　(constant) working to improve access to the museum and its collection. ②The car is travelling at 　　 constant speed of 50 mph. 15.perceive vt.注意到，意识到；将……理解为，将……视为 As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning，it will have been worth your effort.只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟，或者让你发现另一层含义，你的努力就是值得的(P45) 【归纳用法】 perceive what sb.means　明白某人的意思 perceive the danger 意识到危险 perceive sb.do /doing sth. 察觉到某人做/正做某事 perceive sb/sth as...... 把.....视为....；把....当作.... perceive＋sb/sth＋to be/have sth 认为/发现……是……的 perceive＋that从句或 what/where/who等从句 I perceived his comments as a challenge.我认为他的批评是一种挑战。 On entering his house,we at once perceived him to be tasteful．我们一进他的房子，立刻感觉到他是个高品位的人。 单句语法填空 ①People tend to perceive television entertainment. ②New technology (perceive)to be a threat to employment. ③Stress is widely perceived as　 (contribute)to coronary heart disease. ④The patient was perceived 　(have) difficulty in breathing. ⑤I perceived 　 I could not make her change her mind. 16.make sb do (make的宾补结构) As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning，it will have been worth your effort.只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟，或者让你发现另一层含义，你的努力就是值得的(P45) 句中makes you feel something为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为feel something (1)“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当；该结构中一般不用现在分词充当宾补；职务名词充当宾补时其前面不用加冠词。 (2)当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有： make＋it＋adj./n.＋(for sb.)to do sth. make＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句 (3)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。 单句语法填空 ①The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult (tell)one from the other. ②We thought no use (explain)to him what had happened here because he didn't care. 17.as long as引导条件状语从句 As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning，it will have been worth your effort.只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟，或者让你发现另一层含义，你的努力就是值得的(P45) 本句中的as long as引导条件状语从句，意为“只要……”，相当于so long as As long as you're happy, that's all that matters． 只要你幸福，这就是最重要的事情。 As long as I do my job well, my boss is very happy． 只要我做好本职工作，我的老板就很高兴。 【归纳拓展】 (1)as long as引导的条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替将来时； (2)as long as还可以表示“和……一样长”。 18.reality n．现实，实际情况；事实，实际经历 Poetry’s combination of “sound” and “sense” makes you see the world in a new way and allows you to go beyond normal reality for the everlasting beauty. 诗歌“音”与“意”的结合，让你用一种新的方式看待世界，让你超越平日的现实，追求永恒之美（P45） 【归纳用法】 (1)in reality　事实上；实际上 become a reality 成为现实 turn/bring...into reality 把……变成现实 bring sb．back to reality 使某人面对现实 (2)realize vt. 实现 realize that...... 意识到…… realize/achieve one's dream 实现某人的梦想 (3)real adj. 真实的---really adv. 真实地；实际上地---- realistic adj． 现实的；实际的 ----unrealistic adj. 不切实际的，离谱的 be realistic about ... 对……实事求是 单句语法填空 ① reality,many women are forced to make a choice between family and career. ②The naughty boy is (real)a burden to the mother. ③After an hour he (real) he was completely running with sweat. ④We must set (real) goals. ⑤The (real) is that there is not enough money to pay for this project ⑥We ought to work hard to turn Chinese dream into reality when we are young. 19.“too...to...”结构，意为“太……而不能……” Poetry can describe things that are too complex to express in any other way; it can also display the hidden beauty of simple and ordinary things.(P47) 诗歌可以描述那些太复杂而无法用任何其他方式表达的事物；它也可以表现简单和平凡事物的隐藏之美。 too complex to express属于“too...to...”结构，意为“太……而不能……”。 (1)too...to...与not或 never连用时，意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”。 (2)too ready/eager/willing/anxious/happy...to...表示肯定，作“过于，太会……”解。 (3)only/just/but too...to...非常……去做(too前的only，just，but不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了too的肯定语气)。 (4)too...not to...表示肯定，含义是“非常……必定能；太……不会不……”。 I'm too glad to be admitted to a key university.被一所重点大学录取我非常高兴。 She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat by herself and since she'd found it too much to cope with, she'd taken it out on other people.她在一周前与丈夫离婚，独自一人住在一个公寓里，由于她发现自己有太多事情无法应付，所以她常常把气出在别人身上。 单句语法填空 ①I'm only too glad 　(pass) the exam. ②I was too weak 　 (go) to school so my education suffered. 综合填空 The more water people splash (泼洒) on you, the luckier and happier your life will be. That’s the positive message from the Water Sprinkling Festival (泼水节) in Xishuangbanna, in Southwest China’s Yunnan province, 56 has become a strong drive for tourism growth. Melissa Baidak, from Russia, was 57 (shock) at first when people surrounded her and splashed water, but then she joined in it 58 (merry) and had a good time. “The happiness reminds me 59 my childhood,” she said. “The 60 (impress) activities were flying the Kongming lanterns at night and splashing water on other people. It was amazing and romantic 61 (see) so many lanterns floating in the air, like twinkling stars,” she said. The Water Sprinkling Festival 62 (be) one of the most important festivals for the Dai people who recognize the festival as the new year and organize 63 (vary) of activities like splashing water, releasing Kongming lanterns and dragon boat races. Htike Lwin Ko, 64 37-year-old tourist from Myanmar, says his home country also celebrates the Water Sprinkling Festival, which usually lasts four days, and people 65 (allow) a 10-day break. “We have some customs similar to Xishuangbanna, like releasing Kongming lanterns,” he said. Zhu Jiawei, the prefecture’s Party secretary, said the government will take advantage of folk cultures and the prefecture’s good environment to develop cross- border, educational and eco- friendly tourism. 阅读理解 William was a student who was the only son of his wealthy parents and felt entitled to the luxuries he had in his life. On a class field trip, William met the forester, Victor, who had been living in a wooden house in the forest over ten years. When learning Victor’s life, William laughed at him with his friends. During the field trip, William and his classmates passed by an entrance to a cave. “This looks so cool!” William exclaimed. He wanted to go inside the cave, but his teacher stopped him. The next day, William reached the cave with his four friends, only to find they couldn’t take their schoolbags through the entrance. One by one, the teenagers entered the cave and were amazed to see how wide it was from the inside. Albert picked a large stone up and hit one of the walls with it. “This place is so cool!” he laughed quietly before the rocks from the wall came falling. “Watch out, Albert!” William said and pulled Albert towards himself. The teenagers screamed in fear when they saw the rocks fall. They couldn’t see anything because of the dust floating in the air. The friends were scared when they realized they were trapped in the cave. The teenagers started screaming for help, hoping someone would hear them. Fate sent Victor to the cave. The forester picked berries every other day from the trees near the cave. While he was walking back to his house, five bright-colored schoolbags caught his attention. Then he approached the cave and shouted, “Hey! Who’s in there?” “I’m William! I came here yesterday with my teacher! Help us, please! We are stuck!” “Okay, calm down, children! I’ll help you out!” Victor said. Victor quickly called 911 and informed them about the emergency. Thinking the paramedics would take at least twenty minutes to arrive, he decided to help the kids himself before it was too late. Victor quickly grabbed a shovel and a flashlight and rushed back to the cave’s entrance. Meanwhile, William and his friends tried to stay calm. A few minutes later, they could see the flashlight shine through the cave’s entrance. Seconds later, they rushed outside the cave and took a deep breath in the fresh air. Just then, the paramedics arrived. 24．What may lead to William looking down on Victor? A．His lower education. B．His poor family. C．His living condition. D．His bad manners. 25．How did William feel about the cave at first? A．Indifferent. B．Curious. C．Careful. D．Scared. 26．Why did Victor appear near the cave? A．It was his daily routine. B．He saw five colorful schoolbags. C．He came to look for the children. D．He heard the screaming for help. 27．What lesson can we learn from the story of William? A．Better late than never. B．No pains no gains. C．Two heads are always better than one. D．Don’t judge a book by its cover. 读后续写 Once upon a time, in a land far away, there was a small village. The village thrived in the heart of a big jungle. Surrounded by the mountain s and in the shade of green trees, the villagers happily lived a life of bliss. All of them were used to their robotic daily tasks and none of them had the imagination or the will to try something new, except for one girl named Hannah. Very few people in the village could read let alone write, and Hannah was one of them. Hannah was an adventurous spirit with an imagination far beyond her time. She loved to explore and would spend hours in the woods looking for new things. She loved to create stories in her head and used to imagine herself as one of her characters. One afternoon, when Hannah was on one of her adventurous quests, she came upon an abandoned cottage. The cottage looked very old in its condition. The door was barely hanging and the wood was chipping away. Even though Hannah’s mother had strictly warned her not to go wandering in abandoned places, her curiosity got the best of her. She tip-toed slowly to the door and slowly opened it and she was left stunned. In front of Hannah was a room full of books! Books glistering in the dust, basking in the warm sunlight just waiting to be explored. Hannah’s excitement was visible on her face as she jumped up and down with glee! She dusted the books, the shelves, and what was left of the furniture. Hannah broomed, swept, and dusted all day long until she realized that it was dark and she had to go back to her home. She met her friends on the way home who were curious by what Hannah was carrying. With excitement, Hannah shared everything with her friends. She was thinking that her friends would share her excitement but instead, she heard roars of laughter! 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Hannah was confused by this reaction and a little hurt too, but she did not give up on her books. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ With the good in heart, she decided to share the tales with the people of her village. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 课后练习 单句语法填空 1.It's much wise to set some time to accompany parents or do something more meaningful． 2.Tonight temperatures will fall well below (freeze) point． 3.According to some experts, the new test should enable doctors (detect) the disease early． 4.Tourism supply and demand are interdependent and contradictory each other． 5.It is said that the men were caught in the act of (dig) up buried treasures． 6.They must hold fast the mystery of the faith with a clear conscience． 7.You need the (patient) of Job to deal with some of our customers． 8.We can learn a lot from the (reward) experience of communicating with native speakers of English． 9.Sometimes it's only when a difficulty is removed that we (reality) we're not as weak as we think we are． 10.He lied to me (constant) and started knocking me around． 11.Sweden is lovely in summer, but cold belief in winter． 12.Her evidence suggests a different (interpret) of the events． 13.The lady presented me with an album reward for my good performance in the game． 14.The two apparently (contradict) opinions are within my grasp． 15.The man determined to dig the evidence about the crime and expose it to the police 07 进门考 选词填空 set aside；more than；dig up；pay attention to；long for；as long as；out of place；beyond one's grasp；stick out；fill up with 1．She a chance to speak to him in private. 2．Some questions need your further explanation,please your true feelings. 3．He was restoring lands most of which were quite ． 4．The bank is expected to about $700 million for restructuring. 5．Generally speaking，those who physical exercise are in good health. 6．This will continue we use these things to make other things. 7．The boy looked uncomfortable and among the adults. 8．It's important not to your hands and head outside the window. 9． 10，000 athletes took part in the Games. 10．An old Roman vase was here last month. 第七讲 选择性必修一Unit 4 Exploring poetry (第三课时)+七选五专练 【学习目标】 1、学习选择性必修一Unit 4 Exploring poetry Grammar usage-Integrated skills的重要词汇和句型； 2、七选五训练，提升阅读解题水平。 【学习过程】 Part One New words in Grammar usage-Integrated skills 26. novelist n.[C] 小说家 novel n.[C]（长篇）小说；adj. 新颖的；与众不同的；珍奇的 27. break with sth.与某事终止关联，破除 break with old habits/the past 摒弃旧习惯/过去 28. ideal n.[C] 理想；典范 political ideals 政治理想 adj. 完美的，理想的 an ideal opportunity/university 绝好的机会/理想的大学 idea n.[C] 想法；构思；主意 ideally adv. 完美地，理想地 idealize vt. 将…视为理想；将…理想化 29. rigid adj. 死板的，僵硬的；固执的，僵化的 rigid rules/beliefs/attitudes/requirements 死板的条规/信念/固执的态度/严格的要求 30. undergo vt. 经历，经受 (underwent-undergone) undergo surgery/trials 进行手术/经受考验 31. industrialization n. 工业化 the rapid industrialization of China 中国的快速工业化 industrialize v. 使工业化industrial adj. 工业的 industry n. 工业；产业 industrial development/pollution/revolution 工业发展/污染/革命 32. advocate vt. 拥护，支持，提倡 advocate doing sth 主张做某事（其后不可跟不定式） It is advocated that...(should) do... 主张…… n. 拥护者，支持者；辩护律师 an advocate for hospital workers 医院工作人员的支持者 33. belief n. 看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心 beyond belief 令人难以置信 have belief in 对……有信心 hold/have/share the belief that 相信/都认为……（that引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的具体内容） It is one’s belief that...=one’s belief is that... 某人认为 disbelief n. 不信，怀疑 believe v. 相信 believable adj. 可相信的；可信任的 unbelievable adj. 难以置信的 34. era n.[C] 时代，年代 the Victorian/modern/post-war era 维多利亚/当今/战后时代 35. district n. 区，行政区；地区，区域 the business district 商业区 36. *diverge vi. 分叉，岔开；分歧，相异；偏离 37. bend vi.&vt. (使)拐弯，弯曲 （bent-bent） bend the truth 歪曲事实 bend one’s efforts/mind to sth. 集中全力于某事，专心致志于某事 be bent on sth./doing sth. 决心要做某事（通常指坏事） n.[C] 拐弯，弯道 a sharp bend in the road 道路的急拐弯 38. claim n. 声明，宣称；所有权；索赔 39. *tread vi.&vt. 踩,踏；踩碎,践踏；行走,步行 (trod-trodden) Ouch! You trod on my toe! 哎哟！你踩着我的脚指头了！ 40. *sigh n.&vi. 叹气，叹息 · breathe/let out a sigh of relief 松了一口气 41. hence adv. 因此，由此 syn: thus; therefore 42. dare vi.&vt. 敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事) Part Two Words and sentence patterns in Grammar usage-Integrated skills 1.break with sth 与某事终止关联，破除 The aim of the Romantics was to break with the ideals of the 18th century：...(P48) 浪漫主义者的目的是与18世纪的理想决裂：…… [拓展用法] (1)break into　　　　　 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始(笑、唱、跑) break into tears/laughter 突然哭/笑起来 (2)break in 打断；闯入 (3)break out 爆发 (4)break away from 脱离，放弃，打破 (5)break down 出故障；垮掉；分解 (6)break up 分手；粉碎，散开 break off the conversation/relations 中断交谈/关系 [注意]break into 与break in 都有“闯入”之意，但break into中into为介词，其后须接宾语；而break in中in为副词，为不及物动词短语；另外，break into 还有“突然开始”之意，和burst into 类似，而break in 还有“插嘴，打断”之意。 单句语法填空 ①Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers breaking your house. ②Unfortunately, the couple broke after only one year of marriage. ③Their car broke on the way home yesterday so they had to walk home. ④They were discussing something important when a man broke , took everyone by surprise . ⑤The war broke in 1937 and we were forced to leave our hometown. ⑥Actually, it is very difficult for us to break from the old traditional ideas. 2.undergo vt.经历，经受 During that time，England was undergoing a process called industrialization.(P48) 在那期间，英国正在经历一个叫做工业化的过程 [归纳用法] undergo treatment/surgery/an operation接受治疗/手术 undergo tests / trials 　　接受检查/测试 undergo training 接受培训 Without air, the earth would undergo extreme changes in temperature.没有空气，地球的温度会发生极大的变化。 Teachers should be expected to undergo mid-career training and development.教师应该参加中期职业培训和发展讲座。 I now want to change, undergo treatment, return home to be together with my wife and child. 现在我想改变自己，接受治疗，回家与妻子和孩子团聚。 单句语法填空 ： She (undergo)a thorough examination in the hospital. 3.advocate vt. 拥护，支持，提倡 n. [C] 拥护者，支持者 Instead, they advocated going back to nature. 相反，他们提倡回归自然。(P48) 【拓展】 advocate (doing) sth. 提倡（做）某事，主张（做）某事 advocate +that从句 提倡/主张……---从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形” an advocate of/for ... ……的拥护者/支持者 Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behaviour. 很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。 an advocate for/of hospital workers 医院工作人员的支持者 单句语法填空 (1)He advocates (stream) children, and educating them according to their needs. (2)He was advocate of universal suffrage as a basis for social equality. (3)The report advocated that all buildings (fit)with smoke detectors. 4.belief n. [sing., U] 看法，信念；[C, usu pl.] 信仰;；[U] 相信，信心 The poets also wrote about individual feelings and beliefs. 诗人们也写自己的感情和信念。(P48) 【拓展用法】 beyond belief 令人难以置信 have belief in ... 相信……；对……怀有信心 .....the belief +that从句同位语从句 ……看法；……信念 religious/political beliefs 宗教/政治信仰 I admire his passionate belief in what he is doing. 我佩服他对自己的工作所抱的坚定信心。 belief in God/democracy 对上帝/民主的笃信 She acted in the belief that she was doing good. 她这么做是因为她认定自己是在做好事。 【归纳拓展】词性转换： ①disbelief n. [U] 不信，怀疑 in disbelief 怀疑地 ②believe v. 相信；认为……为实 →believable adj. 可信的→unbelievable adj. 难以置信的 单句语法填空 (1)This book is full of (believe), and interesting characters. (2)In a Chinese garden, a strong belief a sense of unity with nature is required (3)There is a general belief things will soon get better. 5.bend vi.& vt.(bent, bent) (使)拐弯，弯曲 n．拐弯，弯道 To where it bent in the undergrowth；直到它消失在丛林深处；(P50) [归纳用法] (1) bend one’s mind/efforts/thoughts to sth专心于某事物 (2)bend (sb) to sth 迫使(某人)屈从某物 be bent on (doing) sth 蓄意做某事(通常指坏事)；决心(做)某事 (3)bend the truth 扭曲事理；歪曲事实 [注意]bend作动词时，还有“(迫使某人)屈服，顺从；曲解，歪曲(事实)，篡改(规则、法律等)”之意。 写出下列句中bend的含义 ①He tried to bend the truth to cover up his mistakes.篡改，歪曲 ②I will take fate by the throat，it will not bend me completely to its will.(迫使某人)屈服，顺从 ③Watch out for sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly.拐弯，弯道 单句语法填空 ④I (bend) down and picked up the coins lying on the road. ⑤However weak the nation may be，it will never bend a greater power. ⑥You will never succeed unless you bend all your mind your work. ⑦She seemed on destroying their relationship.(bend 6.claim n．声明，宣称；所有权；索赔vt.宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得 Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim,Because it was grassy and wanted wear； 但我却选了另外一条路，它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂，显得更诱人、更美丽；(P50) [归纳用法] (1)claim to be　　　　　　 声称是…… claim to have done sth 声称做过某事 claim sth from sb 向某人索要某物 It is claimed that... 据说……；有人主张…… (2)make a claim on 向……索赔 单句语法填空 ①He claimed (be) an expert in this field but he isn’t, actually. ②Scientists claimed (discover) a cure for the disease，which is good news for the patients. ③Workers who have been unfairly dismissed may claim compensation employers. ④If the problem is in the goods itself, you may make a claim the supplier. ⑤It is claimed humor not only affects patients’ moods, but also helps them recover faster. Part Three Grammar points(非谓语) 考点一　非谓语动词作状语 1．动词不定式作状语 ①To realize our dream, we must spare no effort to improve our environment.为了实现梦想，我们必须不遗余力地改善我们的环境。(目的状语) ②George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.乔治战争后回到家，结果被告知妻子已经离开了他。(结果状语) ③You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，我是多么高兴。(原因状语) ④This machine is very easy to operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.这台机器很容易操作。在几分钟内任何人都能学会使用。 【规律总结】 (1)to do....可以用作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。 (2)only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。 (3)形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，glad，sorry，anxious，proud，disappointed，angry，surprised，ready，delighted，foolish，pleased，fortunate，right等。 (4)在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，safe，dangerous等。 2．分词作状语 ①After supper he had nothing to do, seated in the chair, looking at the stars. 晚饭之后，他无事可做，坐在椅子上看着星星。 ②Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel. 我们几乎把所有的钱都花完了，没有钱住宾馆了。 ③Having been ignored for a long time, the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out.被长时间忽视后，坐在后面的男孩感到枯燥就出去了。 ④Separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. 由于和其他大陆分离了数百万年，澳大利亚有许多在世界上其他国家找不到的动植物。 【规律总结】 (1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 (2)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。 (3)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。 (4)若与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。 (5)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。 考点二　非谓语动词作宾语 ①We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn't turned up yet. 我们约好在此地见面，但是她到现在还没有露面。 ②What a poor memory！I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him.多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，而今天我又忘了把钱还给他。 【规律总结】 (1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish；refuse，manage，care，pretend；offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help。 此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。 (2)下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀： 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon；admit，delay/put off，fancy(想象，设想)；avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice；deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate；forbid，imagine，risk；can't help(禁不住)，mind，allow/permit，escape。 (3)be used/accustomed to，lead to，devote to，go back to，stick to，object to，get down to，pay attention to，can't stand(无法忍受)，give up，feel like，insist on，thank ...for，apologize for，be busy(in)，have difficulty/trouble (in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，spend time (in)等短语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语。 考点三　非谓语动词作宾补 ①I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. 我抬头注意到一条蛇正沿着树蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。 ②To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible. 为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。 ③Upon arriving home，I was surprised to find the paper I had had prepared was missing. 我一到家就惊奇地发现我事先准备的文件不见了。 【规律总结】 (1)感官动词(词组)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例： see＋宾语＋doing/do (2)使役动词make，let，get，have后加复合宾语的情况： ①make/have＋宾语＋do/done ②let＋宾语＋do ③get/leave＋宾语＋to do/doing/done (3)have还可用于have sth.to do/to be done结构，该结构中have作“有”讲，不定式作定语。 I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.这个学期结束前，我还有很多阅读要完成。 考点四　非谓语动词作定语 ①Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home, there was a pile of mail waiting for her. 劳拉去巴黎待了一周多的时间。当她返回家的时候，有一大堆邮件等着她(处理)。 ②His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 他下月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。 【规律总结】 (1)现在分词(doing短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作主动进行。 (2)过去分词(done短语)作定语与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上是被动关系，表示该动作被动完成。 (3)不定式作定语(to do)表示未做的事情。 考点五　非谓语动词作主语和表语 ①Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. 聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。 ②It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语) ③It's a great pleasure to talk with you.和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。 ④My dream is to enter Peking University.我的梦想是考入北京大学。 【特殊句型】 ①It is/was+no use/ no good+doing..... ②It is/was+not any use/good+doing..... ③It is/was+of little use/good+doing..... ④It is/was+worth+doing..... 考点六　独立主格结构 ①Many trees to be planted，our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.种上许多的树后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。 ②Circumstances permitting, I'll go abroad to study.情况允许的话，我会去国外学习。 ③Jim was listening attentively to the lecture，all his attention fixed upon it.吉姆专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力都集中在上面了。 【规律总结】独立主格结构的构成形式： 名词或代词＋ 【注意】　独立主格结构从语法上来讲不是句子，在句中通常作状语。具有以下特点： (1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，不指同一个人或同一事物； (2)独立主格结构一般置于句首，有时也置于句中或句末。 【即学即练8】 用括号中动词的适当形式填空 1.The question (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of great importance. 2. (improve) his spoken English，Mr.Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday. 3.The book is said (translate) into English. 4.When the father came home，the naughty boy pretended (do) his homework. 5.He forgot even (write) to me, so he wrote another one. 6.While shopping，people sometimes can't help (persuade) into buying something. 7.The Department of Education gave him a medal for (complete) sixty years. 8.She looked (disappoint) after she lost the game. 9.It is a pity that I couldn't make myself (understand)． 10. (see)the hill, he always thinks of his hometown. 七选五一 5 Tips for college freshmen You may have grown up living with lots of siblings, or this may be your first time sharing your living space with someone else. 66 However, it can also be a great part of your college experience. Follow these five tips to make sure you and your roommate keep things pleasant and supportive throughout the year (or even years). 1. Address problems when they're little Is your roommate always forgetting his stuff for the shower, and taking yours? Are your clothes being borrowed faster than you can wash them? Addressing things that bother you while they're still little can help your roommate be aware of something he may not otherwise know. And addressing little things is much easier than addressing them after they've become big. 67 This may seem simple, but it’s probably one of the biggest reasons why roommates experience disagreement or argument. Don't think he'll mind if you borrow his shoes for a quick soccer game? For all you know, you just stepped over an uncrossable line. Don't borrow, use, or take anything without getting permission first. 2. Be friendly, without expecting to be best friends Don't go into your roommate relationship thinking that you are going to be best friends for the time you're at school. It may happen, but expecting it sets both of you up for trouble. You should be friendly with your roommate. 68 3. Be open to new things Your roommate may be from someplace you've never heard of. 69 Be open to new ideas and experiences, especially as it relates to what your roommate brings into your life. That's why you went to college in the first place, right? 4. Stay open to change You should expect to learn and grow and change during your time at school. And the same should happen to your roommate, if all goes well. At beginning, everything seems exciting and interesting. 70 Anyway, be comfortable addressing things that unexpectedly come up, setting new rules, and being flexible to your changing environment. A. He may have a religion or lifestyle that is completely different from your own. B. Having a roommate inevitably has its challenges. C. It can be easier than you think to solve your problems ideally. D. Never touch anything of your roommates' E. Meanwhile, make sure you have your own social circles. F. Respect your roommate's stuff G. As the semester progresses, things will be different and even hard for both of you. 七选五二 Ways to keep your brain young Every brain changes with age, and mental function changes along with it. Mental decline is common, and it's one of the most feared consequences of aging. But cognitive(认知的) damage is not unavoidable. 36 . Get mental stimulation Through research with mice and humans, scientists have found that brainy activities stimulate new connections between nerve cells and may even help the brain generate new cells. 37 Read, take courses, and try “mental gymnastics,” such as word puzzles or math problems that require mental effort like drawing, painting, and other crafts. Get physical exercise 38 . People who exercise regularly increase the number of tiny blood vessels that bring oxygen- rich blood to the region of the brain that is responsible for thought. Exercise also spurs the development of new nerve cells and increases the connections between brain cells. 39 Good nutrition can help your mind as well as your body. For example, people that eat a Mediterranean style diet that emphasizes fruits, vegetables, fish, nuts, unsaturated oils (olive oil) and plant sources of proteins are less likely to develop cognitive impairment and dementia. In this way, both your blood sugar and blood pressure will be in good control. Care for your emotions People who are anxious, depressed, sleep- deprived, or exhausted tend to score poorly on cognitive function tests. Immediate actions should be taken to prevent cognitive decline. Neglecting your emotional well- being can have a profound impact on your ability to think clearly, make decisions, and maintain a high level of mental sharpness. 40 . A．Improve your diet B．Improve your blood sugar C．Enough sleep is of great importance for brain D．Research shows that using your muscles helps your mind E．Here are some ways you can help maintain brain function F．Any mentally stimulating activity should help to build up your brain G．Positive moods can reduce stress and anxiety, leading to improved mental health 课后练习 一.单句语法填空 1.I grasped him the arm. 2.I had to wait for hours on the (freeze) cold station platform. 3.We need somebody to interpret Russian i English. 4.As I walked through the town,I was (constant) reminded of my childhood. 5.They perceived television entertainment. 6.We should face the (real)bravely that we don't have enough money for the project. 7.A smoke (detect) is on the ceiling in your room. 8.They rewarded the boy $5 for bringing back the lost dog. 9.The doctor said ，“Just a little ．I'm examining the ．” (patient) 10.The cold, (mist) air felt wonderful on his face. 二.语法填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空) On your 46th birthday，Mom gave me the letter 1. (write) by you.In your letter，you said you were looking forward to 2. (see) me fighting for my future bravely and doing well for myself and others.After 3. (read) this letter，I feel quite 4. (shock) at your expectation on me.I also feel ashamed for not 5. (perform) well to meet your demand before.I still remember when I was in primary school，I failed 6. (apply) myself to studying.You didn’t blame me at all.Instead，you taught me that 7. (study) was the most important object at the moment and encouraged me 8. (try) hard.Only when I read your letter did I realize that I behaved so badly at that time and you were so sad 9. (find) I didn’t do well for myself.I can’t help 10. (express) my gratitude. 08进门考 单句语法填空 1. We must also consider the reaction of the person________(receive) the gift. 2 … With the problem ________(solve), I felt proud of my achievement. . 3. … I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left_________ (complete) the rest. . 4. There, ________(place) neatly beside the empty dish ,were two nickels and five pennies—her tip! 5. ________( compare) with the previous year, the number of students who went abroad for study was increased by 15 ,000, or a rise of 13%. 6. Storms swept along New Mexico's border with Texas on Friday, ______(destroy) homes and other buildings and injuring… 7．We must practise speaking and________ (write) the language whenever we can, but it is not enough only ________ (memorize) rules from a grammar book. 8. The television viewer makes no choice and no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything ______ (present) to him without any effort on his part. 9.You would expose yourself less pollution if you moved to a remote rural village. 10.I have arranged (spend) a whole Sunday taking a long walk. 第八讲自主学习材料 选择性必修一Unit4 Exploring poetry(第四课时)+综合填空专练 【学习目标】 1、学习选择性必修一Unit4 Exploring poetry Extended reading的重要词汇、句型； 2、综合填空训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 Part One New words in Extended reading 43. *dweller n.[C] 居民，居住者 44. striking adj. 引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的--strikingly adv. 非常，极其，惊人地 strike v. (struck-struck)打，击；撞，碰；突然想到；给某人以某种印象；（灾难或疾病）侵袭，爆发；敲（钟）；划（火柴） 45. characterize vt. 是...的特征，以...为典型；使...具有特点；描述，刻画 character n.[C] 人物，角色；[C]性格（常用单数）；[U]特色；[C]文字，字母，符号 46. Confucianism n. 儒家，儒学，孔子学说 47. *Taoism n. 道教，道家 48. *legend n. [C,U]传说，传奇故事；[C]传奇人物 legendary adj. 大名鼎鼎的；传说中的 a legendary figure 大名鼎鼎的人物 49. encounter vt. 偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到 n.[C] 相遇，遭遇，冲突 have an encounter with 与……相遇 50. *nourish vt. 培养，助长；抚养，滋养 51. numerous adj. 众多的，许多的 e.g. He has been late on numerous occasions. 他已经迟到过无数次了 52. *glorious adj. 荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的 a glorious victory 辉煌的胜利 inglorious adj. 令人羞愧的；可耻的；不光彩的-- glory n.[U] 光荣，荣誉；[C]辉煌的成就，值得骄傲的事 win glory for 为……赢得荣誉 53. *boom n.[C] (贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣 vi. 迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛 54. stability n.[U] 稳定(性)，稳定(性) be eager for stability 渴望稳定 stable adj. 稳定的，牢固的；（人）稳重的 stably adv.稳定地 55. tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的；能耐...的 a tolerant society 一个宽容的社会 intolerant adj. 不容忍的，褊狭的，不容异说的；（对食物、药物等）过敏，不耐的 tolerance n. ①忍受；容忍；宽容；宽恕 tolerate vt. 忍受，容忍，包容 = put up with = stand = bear；（对药物）有耐受性；能经受（困难条件） 56. liberty n. 自由 political liberty 政治自由 have liberty to do sth. 可随意做某事 57. *unconstrained adj. 不受约束的，自由的 constrained adj. 不自然的；强迫的；过于受约束的 constrain vt. 限制；限定；约束 sb. be constrained from doing sth. 某人被迫做某事 58. vitality n.[U] 生命力，活力，热情 vital adj. 生气勃勃的，充满生机的，热情洋溢的；对…极重要的 59. distinguish vt.&vi. 成为...的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众 distinguished adj. 卓越的，著名的 distinguishable adj. 可区分的；隐约可辨的 *exaggeration n.[usually sing, U] 夸张，夸大 exaggerate v. 夸张；夸大；言过其实 60. *metaphor n. 暗喻，隐喻 61. representative adj. 典型的，有代表性的 be representative of 代表……的 n.[C] 典型人物，代表性人物；代表 a representative of the UN 联合国代表 represent v. 代表；展示；描述 represent...as... 把……描述成…… representation n.描述，表现；代表 62. frost n. [U]霜；[C, U]霜冻，严寒天气 frosty adj. 结霜的，严寒的；冷淡的 63. cast vt. 投射；向...投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色 (cast-cast) n.（集体可数名词）全体演员；[C] 投，抛 64. owe vt. 欠(情)；欠(债) owe sth. to sb. = owe sb. sth. 欠（某人情）；把……归功于某人 owing to = because of 因为，由于 owe it to sb. that... 把……归功于某人（it作形式宾语，that从句是真正的主语） 65. debt n. 人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务 in/out of debt 欠债/还清债务 deep in debt 负债累累 be in one’s debt = be in debt to sb. 欠某人的情；受某人的恩惠 66. *fascinate vt.&vi. 深深吸引，迷住 e.g. China has always fascinated me. 中国一直令我心驰神往。 fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的 sth. be fascinating to sb. 令某人着迷 fascinated adj. 被迷住的，被吸引住的 sb. be fascinated by/with sth.对……着迷 fascination n. 魅力；极大的吸引力 sth. hold a fascination for sb. 某物对某人有吸引力 67. entitle vt. 给...命名；使享有权利，使符合资格 entitlement n.[U] (拥有某物或做某事的）权利，资格 68. blame vt. 把...归咎于，责怪，指责 sb. be to blame (for...) 某人应承担（……的）责任，（为……）受责备 blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因作某事而责备某人 blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 n. [U] 责任，责备，指责 69. allowance n.[C] 津贴，补助；限额；零花钱 70. make allowance for体谅；考虑到，估计到 71. *triumph n.[C,U] 巨大成功，重大成就，伟大胜利 vi. 打败，战胜，成功 72. *impostor n.[C] 冒名顶替者，冒名行骗者 73. unforgiving adj. ( of a place, situation, etc. 地方、局面等)棘手的；( of a person 人)不饶人的，不宽容的 forgiving adj. 宽宏大量的；宽容的 forgive (forgave-forgiven) v. 原谅；宽恕 Part Two Words and sentence patterns in Extended reading 1.dare vi.&vt. 敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事) But I dare not speak in a voice loud，不敢高声语(P53) [拓展用法] dare sb.to do sth.　激某人做某事 dare not do sth.＝don't dare (to) do sth. 不敢做某事 I dare say 我敢说；我相信 I'm now up to my ears in debt and dare not borrow any more money.我现在是债台高筑，再也不敢借钱了。 We must dare to think, speak up and act.我们必须敢想、敢说、敢做。 单句语法填空 ①The older boys dared Tom (climb) on to the roof. ②He (dare) not go out alone at night. 2.“It is believed that...句型 It is believed that this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years.(P53) 人们认为这首诗是李白青少年时期写的。 [讲解]It is believed that...”-----it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。 [归纳] (1)It is believed that　　　据认为…… It is said that... 据说…… It is reported that... 据报道…… It is hoped that... 人们希望…… It is thought that... 大家认为…… It is well known that... 众所周知…… (2)“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”可以改写为：“从句主语＋be＋过去分词＋不定式” Reading is believed to increase our knowledge and broaden our mind.人们认为阅读增长知识、拓宽视野。 It is said that he has passed the driving test.据说他已经通过了驾驶考试。 It is reported that the way people spend their holidays has changed a great deal in the past ten years. 据报道在过去10年里人们度假的方式已改变了许多 单句语法填空 ①The president is reported (visit)China next week. ②He (say) to have studied abroad. but we don't know which country he studied in. ③The Internet (believe)to have both advantages and disadvantages. ④People believe the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages. 3.characterize vt.是……的特征，以……为典型；描述，刻画；使……具有特点 With striking imagination in expressions like “scaring dwellers on high”, this early poem already displayed signs of a romantic style,which was later to characterize Li Bai's poetry.(P53) 这首早期的诗歌以“恐惊天上人”这样的表达方式展现出惊人的想象力，显示出了浪漫主义风格的迹象，这也是后来李白诗歌的特点 [拓展用法] (1)characterize sth./sb.as... 将……描绘成…… be characterized by 被描述为……；具有……的特征 (2)characteristic adj. 独特的，特有的; n. 特征，特性 character n. 性格；特征；人物，角色 Such plain beauty is the right thing to characterize Chinese culture.这样质朴的美丽很好地表达了中国文化的特点。 He may be characterized as a man of hobbies.他可以被称作是一个有癖好的人。 She characterized him as lazy and selfish.她把他的性格描绘成又懒惰又自私 单句语法填空 ①Scotland has long been characterized a land of romance. ②The city is characterized tall modern buildings in steel and glass. ③Ambition is a (characterize) of all successful businessmen. 4.was later to characterize Li Bai's poetry表示将来，意为“注定会……” this early poem already displayed signs of a romantic style,which was later to characterize Li Bai's poetry.(P53) [拓展] (1)表示注定要发生的事，相当于must或have to (2)预先安排好的计划或约定 (3)表示说话人的意图、职责、义务、命令等情感意义 The prize-giving ceremony is to be held from 15：00 to 17：00 on June 18.颁奖仪式将在6月18日15：00至17：00举行。 You are to arrive at the spot before five this afternoon.你们必须在今天下午五点以前到达现场。 At college, Barack Obama didn't know that he was to become the first black president of the United States of America.在大学时，贝拉克·奥巴马不知道他会成为美国第一任黑人总统。 单句语法填空 ①All the drivers are the traffic regulations.(obey) ②The medicine is three times a day.(take) ③The invention of the Internet is the way we communicate with each other.(change) 5.动词­ed形式(短语)作状语 Driven by a burning desire for adventure and travel, Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties.在强烈的冒险和旅行欲望的驱使下，李白在20出头的年纪离开了家，开始四处旅行(P54) [归纳用法] (1)动词­ed形式(短语)在句中作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等情况，表示被动与完成； (2)使用时应注意两点： ①动词­ed形式的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致； ②动词­ed形式表示的动作与句子的主语为被动或完成关系。 Absorbed in his book, Tom didn't notice me enter the room.专心于读书，汤姆没注意到我走进了房间。 Given more time, he can do it better.如果给予更多的时间，他会把它做得更好。 Reminded not to miss the flight at 15：20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.被提醒不要错过15：20的航班，经理匆忙去了飞机场。 单句语法填空 ① (locate) in the mountain, the temple is very quiet. ② (use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks. ③ (write) in a hurry, this article was not so good. ④Seriously (injure), she had to be sent to hospital at once. ⑤The scientist came in, (follow) by her assistant. 6.tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的 This open and tolerant atmosphere allowed Li Bai the liberty to develop a free and unconstrained personality,which，in turn，had a huge impact on his poetic production.(P54) 这种开放宽容的氛围，使李白自由自在、无拘无束的人格得以发展，这反过来又对李白的诗歌创作产生了巨大影响 [拓展用法] (1)be tolerant of/towards/to... 对……能容忍，宽容 (2)tolerate v. 忍受，容忍，宽恕 tolerate doing sth. 容许/容忍做某事 (3)tolerance n. 容忍，忍耐力 She can't tolerate being treated that way.她不能容忍被那样对待。 Luckily, my parents were tolerant of my choice of music.幸运的是，我的父母对我选择听什么音乐持宽容态度。 When neighbors want to get along well with each other, they have to show their tolerance.如果邻里之间想要彼此融洽相处，他们必须展示他们的宽容 单句语法填空 ①Every man has his faults.We should, therefore, learn to be tolerant others. ②She refused to tolerate (call) a liar. ③My biggest weakness was my lack of (tolerant) for any error. ④Those who know how (tolerate)others can naturally lead a happy life. ⑤Her parents won't tolerate (see)the messy scene in the room. 7.distinguish vt.& vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众;看清,听出（不用于进行时） Equally impressive is Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings，which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets.同样令人叹服的是李白对强烈情感的恣意抒发，笔下万物都被赋予灵性，这也让他与其他的山水诗人迥然有别。(P54) [归纳用法] (1)distinguish between A and B　 区分A和B distinguish...from... 把……与……区分开来 distinguish oneself (as...) (作为……)表现突出;(作为……而)出名 (2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for... 因……而出名 (3)distinguishable adj. 易分辨的，能区分的 It’s important to distinguish between business and pleasure.分清正事和娱乐很重要。 The author develops the text by distinguishing sexual differences.作者通过区分性别差异来展开文本。 As far as I know, Li Na has already distinguished herself as an athlete.据我所知，作为运动员李娜已享有盛名。 He is distinguished for his knowledge of linguistics.他因语言学的知识而著名。 I could not distinguish her words, but she sounded agitated.我听不清她说的话，但听得出她很紧张不安 单句语法填空 ①Honestly speaking, I admire your (distinguish) achievements. ②It is the superior intelligence and the use of language that distinguish man the other animals. ③He has talents by which he might distinguish him)． ④He was one of Australia's (distinguish) artists, renowned for his portraits and landscapes. ⑤ (distinguish)for his knowledge of economics, he was elected as head of the economic school. 8.representative n. 代表；典型人物，代表性人物 adj.典型的，有代表性的 The poem below, written in his fifties, is representative of his romantic style.(P54) 下面这首诗，是他50多岁时作的，代表了他的浪漫主义风格 [归纳用法] (1)be representative of　代表……的 a representative of ……的代表 a representative for 为……行业的代表 a representative from 来自……的代表 (2)represent v. 代表，象征，表示；作为……的代表 The association is sending representatives to the conference.协会将派代表出席大会。 ②The negotiation was attended by representatives of several states.来自几个国家的代表出席了谈判。 ③The annual-rings represent the amount of wood formed each year.年轮代表着每年生成的木材量。 单句语法填空 ①He was in no way a representative dog-trainers in general. ②He is a representative a large steel company. ③The (represent)from New Zealand spoke for the Pacific Islands Forum. 9.cast vt.(cast, cast) 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色n.全体演员；投，抛 Be cast into the mirror bright？何处得秋霜？(P54) [归纳用法] (1)cast about/around for sth　苦苦思索；四处寻找 (2)cast one’s mind back (to sth) 回顾；回想 (3)cast a spell (on sb/sth) (对……)施魔法，念咒语 (4)cast light on sth 使(问题等)较容易理解 (5)cast sb as/to be... 选派某人演……角色 (6)be cast down (by sth) (因某事)沮丧/失望 (7)cast aside　置……而不顾；抛弃；去掉 cast away 丢弃 cast off 放弃；丢弃 cast out 赶走 cast down 毁掉；使沮丧 写出下列句中cast的含义 ①She cast a welcoming smile in his direction.向……投以 ②Out of anger and sadness，Du Shiniang cast the priceless treasures into the river.投，抛 ③The cast all lined up on stage to take their bow.全体演员 单句语法填空 ④Here are the research findings that cast new light the origin of our universe. ⑤She cast around desperately a safe topic of conversation. ⑥Try to cast your mind back the last conversation you had with her. ⑦The director has cast her an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie. 10.owe vt.欠(情)；欠(债) Generations of poets, both in China and abroad, owe a debt to his inspirational poems.(P54) 中外几代诗人都对他的励志诗情有独钟 [归纳用法] (1)owe sb.a favo(u)r　　欠某人一个人情 owe sb.an apology 该向某人道歉 owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb. 欠某人某物 (2) owe...to... 把……归功于…… owe it to sb.that... 将……归功于某人(it作形式宾语，that从句作真正的宾语) (3) owing to... 因为；由于 You owe me a favour! 你还欠我个人情呐！ I think you owe us an explanation. 我认为你应当给我们一个解释。 He owes his success to hard work. 他的成功是靠勤奋工作 写出下列句中owe的含义 ①I owe you a debt of gratitude which I shall never be able to repay.欠 ②I owe it to you that I finished my work ahead of time.归因于，归功于 单句语法填空 ①I owe to the doctor that I am still alive. ②I must say I owe all the achievements the encouragement and help from my colleagues and friends. ③ (owe) to the limitation of our knowledge，there must be mistakes and errors in the book. 11.debt n. [C, usu. sing.] 人情债，情义，恩情；[U] 负债情况；[C] 债务，欠款 Generations of poets, both in China and abroad, owe a debt to his inspirational poems.(P54) 中外几代诗人都对他的励志诗情有独钟 [归纳用法] (1)in debt中in表示“处于……状态中”，debt前不加任何冠词。 (2)go/get/run into debt　负债 get/stay out of debt 摆脱债务，不负债（强调动作） be in heavy debt 负债累累 be out of debt 不欠债(状态) pay off all the debts 还清债务(动作) be in sb.'s debt＝be in debt to sb. 欠某人的人情债；受某人的恩惠；感激某人 I'm heavily in debt at the moment, but hope to be out of debt when I get paid.我现在负债累累，但希望拿到工资后就能把债务还清。 I need to pay off all my debts before I leave the country. 我得在离开该国前偿清所有债务。 We were poor but we never got into debt. 我们穷是穷，但从不负债 单句语法填空 ①It's easier to get debt than get out of it. ②You saved my life; I am in debt you forever. ③He decided to help those college students debt. ④I know I shall feel forever in (she) debt. 12.entitle vt.给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格 He was fascinated by Li Bai's poems and translated some of them in his 1915 poetry collection entitled Cathay. 他着迷于李白的诗，在他1915名为《国泰》的诗集中他翻译了李白的一些诗(P54) [归纳用法] entitle sb.to do sth.　给某人权力或资格做某事 entitle sb.to sth. 授予某人某项权利 be entitled 叫做，称为；题目是 be entitled to do sth. 对……享有权力；值得；有(做某事)的资格(权力) The writer hasn't entitled his new book yet.那位作家还没给他的新书取名。 This ticket entitles you to a free lunch.凭此券你可免费吃一顿午餐。 You are not entitled to unemployment benefit if you have never worked.从未参加过工作，就没有资格领取失业救济金。 单句语法填空 ①Every child in the country is entitled free education at school. ②You (entitle)to collect the rental fee from the customers. ③This ticket doesn't entitle you (sit)in first class 13.blame vt.责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n．责任，责备，指责 If you can keep your head when all about you are losing theirs and blaming it on you.(P55) 如果周围的人毫无理性地向你发难，你仍能镇定自若保持冷静 [归纳用法] blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事 blame ... for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事责备…… be to blame for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事应受责备；对（做）某事负有责任(不定式用主动形式表被动含义) take/bear the blame for sth. 承担某事的责任 lay/put the blame (for sth.) on ... 把（某事的）责任归咎于…… She doesn't blame anyone for her father's death.她没把她父亲的死归罪于任何人。 How can I blame him？It wasn't intentional.我怎么能怪他呢？那又不是有意的。 The police had figured out the cause of the traffic accident and it was the lorry driver that should take the blame for it.警方已经查明这起交通事故的起因，是那位卡车司机应为此负责 单句语法填空 ①While we can't change the body type we are born with, we can't blame our gene making us fat. ②The police blamed the traffic accident Jack's careless driving. ③The driver was (not blame) for the traffic accident. ④You must bear blame for the accident. ⑤If their forces were not involved, then who is (blame)? 综合填空一 Poetry is a 1._______(combine) of “sound” and “sense”. If you want to reveal the hidden dimension, the following methods should 2._______(adopt). First, even if its true meaning appears to be 3._______ your grasp, you can always say something about how the poem sounds when you read it aloud. You can detect a rhythm, repeated words, rhymes and other special effects. Second, approach the poem as if you 4._______(be) an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape. Ask some basic questions about the poem, such as 5._______ is talking and who is being talked to and so on. Third, be 6._______(patience) if you are struggling to interpret the meaning of a poem. Set the poem aside and come back to it later, then you can make your great discovery. Poems that 7._______(constant) reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings are more interesting. Finally, when you abandon logical thinking, you can discover its inner beauty. It is worth 8._______(make) efforts to perceive another level of meaning. Only in these 9._______(way) can you enjoy your journey of the poetry, because poetry’s combination of “sound” and “sense” makes you see the world in a new way and allows you 10._______(go) beyond normal reality for the everlasting beauty. 综合填空二 It was Dragonboat Day. Shiny white tents lined the waterfront, ____36____ (provide) shade and refreshments for Dragon Boat paddlers (桨手) from all over California, ____37____ gathered around the Castaic Lake for a festive competition. Giggling kids raced cheerfully along the lakeside beach, ____38____ their parents enjoying the shady picnic areas under the trees along the shore. “It’s a great day out,” said Paul Lin, co-founder for Castaic’s own Dragon Eyes team. Dragonboat racing has been going on for thousands of years in China, ____39____ (initial) in honor of the Chinese water dragon deity (神) in an effort to call down rain ____40____ avoid misfortune and disaster. In the race, a drummer ____41____ (use) a large traditional wooden drum to keep the paddlers on beat, while a steersman in the back keeps them in their lane. Lin said a friend got him ____42____ (involve) in dragonboat racing over a decade ago. In 2018, they ____43____(decide) to host their own festival. “There’s something really special to be learned from our dragonboat motto: ‘One Boat, One Beat,’” he said. “Paddlers come from all walks of life and that kind of ____44____ (close) with people is nowhere else to be seen.” “We really want to help expand awareness and grow the sport,” Lin said. “We’re hoping one day it’ll become_____45_____Olympic sport.” 课后练习 选词填空 make allowance for；be rooted in；in turn；be recognized as；familiarize sb.with；be representative of；break with；put emphasis on；owe...to...；contribute to 1．The goal of the experiment was to the people the new laws. 2．His problems deeply his childhood experiences. 3．The paintings English art in the early 19th century. 4．The hospital a centre of excellence in research and teaching. 5．Your hard work and concentration will getting a good remark. 6．He her wealth hard work and good luck. 7．We must the traffic, so let's start half an hour earlier. 8．You had better your bad habits. 9．They quality rather than on quantity. 10．He had to lie on the ground and raise his right and left legs . 单句语法填空 1.The snow had melted，but the lake was still (freeze) solid. 2.This case is representative the attitudes of the police. 3.I owe a debt of gratitude all my family. 4.Honestly speaking, I admire your (distinguish) achievements. 5.Your qualifications entitle you a higher salary. 6.There is no point advocating (improve) public transport unless we can pay for it. 7.Don't always blame your own failure others.Sometimes you yourself are (blame)． 8.There was a businessman who was deep debt and could see no way out. 9.The tourist claimed (see)the monster in the lake. 第2页 | 共4页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 05 进门考 单句语法 1. ____________(apparent) the boy was hiding something from us. 2. He drove along with all the car windows _____________(wind) up. 3. A few of his stamps are recognized as the _____________(rare) ones and he is likely to be rich. 4. China's silk trade played an important role in the _____________ (civil) development of China, South Asia and Europe. 5. It may lead to an __________(economy) crisis if house prices fall dramatically. 6. She declined _____________(have) lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well. 7. Studies show the general English level of the Chinese people is _________ the decline. 8. He was an _____________ man. However, he was never able to realize all his _____________. (ambition) 9. The _______ to sunshine is bad for your health. The more you are _______ to it, the blacker your skin will get. (expose) 10. 1)They are trying to find out the __________(history) background of the event. 2)The end of World War II was a ___________(history) event which is still remembered today. 【答案】1. Apparently 2. wound 3. rarest 4. civilization 5. economic 6. to have 7. on 8. ambitious; ambitions 9. exposure; exposed 10. 1) historical; 2) historic 第五讲 选择性必修一Unit 4 Exploring poetry(第一课时)+完型专练+应用文专练 【学习目标】 1、学习选择性必修一Unit 4 Exploring poetry ReadingⅠ的要点词汇和重要句型； 2、信息还原训练，提升阅读理解力； 3、应用文专练。 【学习过程】 Part One New Words in Reading 1. *barren adj. 贫瘠的，不毛的；不结果实的 ①贫瘠的，不毛的 a barren desert/landscape 不毛的沙漠/寸草不生的荒凉景色 ②不结果实的 2. frozen adj.结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的 ①结冰的，冰封的 frozen water 结冰的水 ②冷冻的 frozen peas 冷冻豌豆 ③冻僵的 I'm absolutely frozen! 我简直冻僵了！ ④吓呆；惊呆 be frozen with/in sth. 因某事惊呆 She stared at him, frozen with shock. 她惊呆了，直瞪着他。 【注意】 freezing adj. 极冷的；冰冻的 freezing water 冰冷的水 freeze v. (使）结冰；冻住，冰冻 3. imply vt. 含有...的意思，暗示，暗指-----implication n. [ C,U ] 暗示，言外之意 by implication 言外之意 He gave a long account of his troubles; by implication, he needed financial aid.他讲述了他的烦恼；言外之意是他需要经济援助。 4. dimension n. 方面，侧面；规模，程度；维 dimensional adj. 维度的；空间的 two-dimensional space 二维空间 5. grasp n. 理解,领会；抓紧,紧握,控制；能力所及; vt. 抓紧；领会，理解 beyond one’s grasp = beyond the grasp of sb. 无法理解 grasp the chance/ opportunity to do sth. 抓住机会做某事 6. detect vt. 发现，查明，侦察出 detective n. [C] 侦探 adj. 侦探的 detector n.检测器；探测器；侦察器 detectable adj. 可检测的；可发觉的 a detectable change 可察觉的变化 detection n. 侦查，探测；发现 escape/avoid detection 逃避侦查 7. rhyme n. [C]押韵词；[U]押韵 a poem written in rhyme 押韵的诗 There’s no rhyme or reason to/for sth. = do sth. Without rhyme or reason毫无道理；无规律可循；莫名其妙 vt. 使押韵 rhyme A with B 使A与B押韵 vi. 和...同韵 A rhyme with B 与……押韵 8. complex adj. 复杂的，难懂的 syn:complicated adj. 复杂的；难懂的 opp: simple -- simplicity n. 简单 a complex process/situation 复杂的过程/情况 the complex architectural space 复杂的建筑空间 n.[C] 建筑群；复合体；情结 an industrial complex 工业建筑群 complexity n. 复杂性 9. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的 contradictory information/advice/attitudes 相互矛盾的信息/建议/态度 self-contradictory adj. 自相矛盾的 contradict v. 反驳；与……发生矛盾 contradiction n. 反驳；矛盾；矛盾的说法 contradict oneself 自相矛盾 10. dig up发现，搜集，查明 dig up clues 挖掘线索 dig sth. out 把某物挖出来 dig sth. over 翻（地）；翻挖；刨（地） 11. clue n.[C] 线索，提示；迹象 a clue to/about/as to 关于……的线索/提示 12. cage vt. 把(动物)关在笼中 e.g. The dogs are caged (up) at night. 晚上狗被关进笼里。 n.[C] 笼子 a bird cage 鸟笼 caged birds/animals 笼中鸟/兽 13. *trill n. (鸟的)啼啭；颤音vt. 欢快地高声说vi. 发颤音 14. interpret vt. 解释,阐释；把...理解为,领会；演绎 vi. 口译 interpret for 为……做翻译 interpreter n. 口译译员 interpretation n. 理解；解释；说明 15. patience n.[U] 耐心，忍耐力 have the patience to do sth. 有耐心做某事 have little/no patience with 不能容忍… do sth. with patience (=patiently) 耐心地 patient adj. 耐心的 n.[C] 病人 be patient with 对……有耐心 impatient adj. 不耐烦的 be impatient with 对……不耐烦 impatience n.[U] 不耐烦 16. aside adv. 到旁边,在旁边；留,存；除...以外 17. set sth aside ①把...放一边；②留出，省出（钱或时间）；③暂时不考虑（或放一放）(set-set-set-setting) set aside some time for exercise 留出点时间来进行锻炼 18. remote adj. 偏远的，偏僻的；遥远的，久远的；远亲的 （remoter-remotest） 19. reward vt. 奖励，奖赏 reward sb. with sth. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事而用某物奖励某人 n. 奖励，回报；悬赏金 give a reward to sb. for sth. 因某事而给某人奖励 in reward 作为回报 in reward for 作为对……的报答 rewarding adj. 值得做的，有益的；报酬高的 20. constantly adv. 始终，一直 constant adj. 不断的；重复的；不变的 n. 常数；常量 a constant friend 忠实的朋友 constant pressure 恒压 21. logical adj. 符合逻辑的；必然的，合乎情理的 logical thinking 逻辑思维 the most logical solution to the problem 该问题最合理的解决办法 logically adv. 合逻辑地；合情理地 logic n. [U] 思维方式；解释方法；逻辑 22. inner adj. 内心的，隐藏的；里面的，内部的 opp: outer adj. 远离中心的；外围的 23. perceive vt. 注意到,意识到；将...理解为,将...视为 perceive that... 意识到/察觉到 sb. be perceived to do sth. 某人被发现做了某事 perceive...as/to be 将……看成/理解为…… perception n. [U]知觉，感知；[U]洞察力，悟性（syn: insight） 24. reality n. 现实，实际情况；事实，实际经历 real adj. 真实的，实际存在的 really adv. 事实上，真正地，真实地 realize v. 实现，将…变为现实；认识到，意识到 25. mist n.[U,C] 薄雾，水汽 thick mist 浓雾 Part Two Words and sentence patterns in Reading 1.hold fast to 紧紧抓住；坚持(思想或原则) Hold fast to dreams; For if dreams die; Life is a broken-winged bird;That cannot fly.(P43)紧紧抓住梦想；因为如果梦想消逝；生活是一只折了翅膀的鸟，再也不能飞翔 【拓展短语】 hold back 抑制(感情)；阻拦；隐瞒 hold on 坚持；不挂断电话；稍等 hold on to紧紧抓住；保住(优势) hold up举起；阻碍；耽搁 单句语法填空 ①The manager asked him to hold on while he investigated． ②It accelerates briskly enough not to hold up traffic． ③She just managed to hold back her anger． 2.frozen adj.冻僵的，冷冻的；结冰的，冰封的 Life is a barren field frozen with snow.生命就成了一块覆盖着冰雪的贫瘠的冻土。(P43) 【归纳用法】 (1)be frozen to death　　被冻死 (2)freeze vi.(froze；frozen)冻结，冰冻；突然停止，呆住 freeze (sb) to death (把某人)冻死 (3)freezing adj. 极冷的，严寒的 freezing cold 极其寒冷 The little match girl was frozen to death on Christmas Eve.卖火柴的小女孩在圣诞前夜冻死了 单句语法填空 ①The water at the edge of the lake froze(freeze) last night. ②According to the weather report, tonight the temperature will fall to 3 degrees below freezing(freeze)． ③On a freezing winter afternoon, the little girl was found eating frozen food.(freeze) ④Salt water freezes (freeze) at a lower temperature than fresh water. ⑤It was so freezing that the cold weather froze the lake.And I was almost frozen.(freeze) 3.while引导让步状语从句 While you may ask“What does it mean？” as you begin reading a poem，it is better to ask“How does it sound？” 尽管当你开始读一首诗时，你可能会问“它是什么意思？”，但是最好问问“听起来怎么样？”(P44) 【讲解】句中的while意为“尽管；虽然”，相当于although，引导让步状语从句 While I see what you say, I can't agree with you.虽然我能理解你说的话，但是我不能同意你。 While the work was difficult, it was interesting.虽然工作有难度，但很有趣 【归纳】while作连词时的主要用法： (1)“虽然；尽管”，表示转折，引导让步状语从句。 (2)“然而”，表示对比，引导并列句。 (3)“当……时候；在……期间”，引导时间状语从句,从句多用be doing的形式.若主从句主语一致,且从句中含be动词,从句中的主语和be动词可以省略. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve. 虽然较年轻的几代人更喜欢视觉交流，但是对于那些习惯使用像电子邮件这样的传统工具工作的人来说，它可能感觉就像一个学习曲线 [注意]while意为“虽然，尽管”时，与although，though 用法相同，不过从句常置于句首，不与but连用 单句语法填空 ①While online shopping has changed(change) our life, not all of its effects have been positive. ②She met Andy while working(work) on a production of Carmen. ③I like playing football while you like playing basketball. She was cooking while she was keeping (keep)an eye on her baby sleeping in the cradle. 4.grasp vt.抓住；领会，理解 n．控制，抓紧；领会，理解；能力所及 Even if its true meaning appears to be beyond your grasp, you can always say something about how the poem sounds when you read it aloud.(P44) 即使你无法理解诗歌的真正含义，也总是可以说说这首诗在朗读时听起来如何。 【归纳用法】 (1)have a good grasp of(＝have a good command of)很好地掌握…… within one's grasp 为某人力所能及的；为某人所能理解的 beyond one's grasp＝beyond the grasp of sb.为某人所不能理解的；为某人力所不及的 (2)grasp sb by the hand/arm抓住某人的手/手臂 grasp a chance/an opportunity (to do ...) 抓住机会（做某事） grasp at sth. 尽力抓住…… These complex formulae are beyond the grasp of the average pupil. 这些复杂的公式是一般小学生不能理解的。 Success was within her grasp. 她有把握获得成功。 He has a good grasp of German grammar. 他德语语法掌握得很好。 写出下列句中grasp的词性及含义 ①A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in.　n．理解，领会　 ②She grasped me by the arm and led me to the window．　vt.抓紧，抓牢　 ③I think I grasped the main points of the speech.　vt.领会，理解　 单句语法填空 (1)Kay grasped him by the wrist. (2)It took him some time to grasp that he was now a public figure. (3)I grasped the opportunity to work(work) abroad. (4)You seem to have a good grasp of the subject. 5.detect vt.发现，查明，侦察出 Do you detect a rhythm?你察觉到押韵了吗？(P44) 【归纳用法】 (1)detect sb.in doing sth.发现某人正在做某事(坏事) (2)detective n. 侦探--detection n. 侦查，发现，发觉---detectable adj.　可察觉到的---detector n.　探测器，检测器 The tests are designed to detect the disease early.这些检查旨在早期查出疾病 单句语法填空 ①Some sounds cannot 　be detected　(detect) by the human ear. ②There has been no 　detectable　(detect) change in the patient's condition. ③Early 　detection　(detect) of the cancer improves the chances of successful treatment. ④The detective(detect) was trying to winkle information out of her. ⑤He detected a ship moving (move) down the starboard side of the submarine. 6.approach v., n. Second, approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape. 第二，读诗时你就像是一个探索陌生风景的探险家（P44） 【归纳用法】 (1)approach vt. 着手处理，对付（=deal with） What's the best way of approaching this problem? 什么是处理这个问题的最佳方式？ (2)approach vt. & vi.（在距离或时间上）靠近，接近 Winter is approaching. 冬天就要来临。 As you approach the town, you'll see the college on the left. 快到市镇时就可以看见左边的学院。 (3)approach n. 在距离或时间上）靠近，接近；[C] 方式，方法；途径，道路 the approach of ... ……的临近 an approach to (doing) sth. （做）某事的方法/途径 The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline.学校决定采取另外一种方式解决纪律问题。 All the approaches/ways to the palace were guarded by troops. 通往宫殿的所有道路都有军队守卫。 the approach of spring 春天的来临 【拓展】表示“方法，方式”的短语总结 in a(n) ... manner 用……的方法 in this way和with this method 通过这种方式/方法 by means of ... 借助……的手段，依靠……的方法 the method of/for (doing) sth.，the way to do/of doing sth.和the approach to (doing) sth. （做）某事的方法 单句语法填空 (1)We heard the sound of an approaching(approach) car. (2)We will be exploring different approaches to gathering(gather) information. (3)She answered in a businesslike manner. (4)The load was lifted by means of a crane. 7.as if引导状语从句或表语从句 Second, approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape. 第二，读诗时你就像是一个探索陌生风景的探险家（P44） as if＝as though意为“似乎，好像”，常引导状语从句或表语从句。 (1)如果as if/though所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的，句子要用陈述语气。 (2)如果所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式如下： ①表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(从句中be动词常用were)； ②表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去完成时had done； ③表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。 (3)as if/though引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中有be的某种形式时，从句中的主语和系动词可省略，后面直接跟名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词。 单句语法填空 ①When I walked in, everyone was looking at me, which made me suddenly feel as though/if I was doing something wrong. ②She treated her adopted son as if he were (be) her own child. ③It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done (do) it? ④He stared at me as if seeing (see) me for the first time. ⑤The student raised his hand as if to ask (ask) a question. ⑥I felt as if my heart had stopped(stop). ⑦ Her head felt as if it would burst(burst). ⑧Sam looked as if he didn't have(not have) a care in the world. ⑨He behaved as if nothing had happened (happen)． 8.contradictory adj.相互矛盾的，对立的 This combination is often complex or even contradictory.这种组合往往是复杂的，甚至是矛盾的(P45) 【归纳用法】 (1)be contradictory to　与……矛盾/对立 (2)contradict vi.&vt. 与……矛盾，与……抵触；反驳，驳斥 contradict each other　相互矛盾 contradict oneself　自相矛盾 (3)contradiction n.　矛盾，不一致；反驳，驳斥 in contradiction to　与……相反/对立 contradiction between A and B A和B之间的矛盾 The statements of the witness contradict each other and the facts remain unclear.目击者的说法相互矛盾，真相依然不清楚。 The speaker got confused and started contradicting himself.演讲者糊涂了，说话开始自相矛盾起来。 His remark was contradictory to the fact and therefore I couldn't put my signature to it.他的话与事实相矛盾，因此我不能签字。 单句语法填空 ①To everyone's surprise, the student should have been praised for putting forward an idea which 　contradicted　(contradict) their teacher's. ②The prisoner's statement was contradictory 　to　 the one he'd made earlier. ③As far as I can see, his remark was in 　contradiction　(contradict) to the truth. ④It was ridiculous that the witnesses gave two 　contradictory　(contradict) statements. 9.dig up 发现，搜集，查明 As you slowly explore your surroundings, you will start to dig up clues that give you a greater understanding of the poem.当你慢慢探索周围的环境时，你会开始挖掘线索，让你更好地理解这首诗(P45) 【归纳用法】 dig in　耐心等待；忍耐；忍受 dig into sth．探究/探寻/探询某事物 dig sb．/sth．out (of sth．) (从……中)挖掘出/找出…… 单句语法填空 ①There is nothing we can do except dig in and wait． ②Will you dig a little into his past and see what you find? ③Quite a number of valuable details were dug (dig)out of libraries and archives by the group of researchers． 10.interpret vt.解释，阐释；把……理解为，领会；演绎vi.口译 Third, if you are still struggling to interpret the meaning of a poem even with much painstaking effort, just have some patience.第三，如果你下了很大的功夫可还是纠结于理解一首诗的意思，那就耐心一点吧。(P45) 【归纳用法】 (1)interpret sth as sth　　把……理解为 interpret for sb 为某人翻译 interpret sth in　用(言语或表演)解释某事 interpret...into... 把……译成…… interpret as　解释为；把……理解为 (2)interpretation n. 解释，说明；理解 interpreter n. 口译员，传译员 interpretative adj.　理解的，解释的 We have to interpret his words in a modern term.我们不得不用现代术语来解释他的话。 The fact that they had decided to come was interpreted as a positive sign.他们已经决定要来的事实可被解释为一个积极的信号 I interpret his answer as a refusal. 我把他的回答理解为拒绝。 【注意】interpret主要指“口译”，translate主要指“笔译”。 写出下列句中interpret的含义/单句语法填空 ①I didn’t know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal.把……理解为 ②They spoke good Spanish，and promised to interpret for me.口译 ③He interpreted the role with a lot of humour.演绎 单句语法填空 ①We need somebody 　to interpret　(interpret) from Russian into English. ②She interprets his silence 　as　 arrogance (傲慢). ③This English poem can be interpreted in two ways(interpret). ④We can interpret what we hear into English when we are listening to the radio，watching a movie or having a meeting. ⑤I'm not satisfied with his interpretation of this sentence.(interpret) 11.patience n．耐心，忍耐力 Third, if you are still struggling to interpret the meaning of a poem even with much painstaking effort, just have some patience.第三，如果你下了很大的功夫可还是纠结于理解一首诗的意思，那就耐心一点吧。(P45) 【归纳用法】 (1)have patience with 对……有耐心 with patience　耐心地 lose patience with 对……失去耐心 be out of patience with　对……忍无可忍 (2)patient adj. 耐心的；n. 病人 be patient with sb 对某人有耐心 be patient of sth 对某事有忍耐力 (3)patiently adv. 耐心地 The businessman answered all my questions with patience.这名企业家耐心地回答了我所有的问题。 Look out! He has lost his patience with you.当心！他已对你失去了耐心。 单句语法填空 ①After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove, I waited patiently (patient) until the oil was hot. ②He gave up in the end for losing patience (patient) with the task. ③Bob is a little slow in understanding, so we have to be patient with him. ④Tom has been quite patient of the noises outside the window for two days. 完型填空 My life as an exchange student finally began! It was only a short 20-minute drive from the airport to Queensland University of Technology (QUT), but I 41 it a lot because my driver was very 42 and told me a lot about Australian culture along the way. Before leaving home, I had a general idea of what my 43 would be like. When O-Week (迎新周) at QUT finally happened, I felt that my life here really 44 my first expectations. The week-long event not only 45 me to join different clubs and societies, but also gave me a chance to 46 QUT’s campus. I loved the atmosphere of O-Week. It was really lively. 47 with different cultures in person was really a(n) 48 . I felt this was exactly what I 49 life in Australia would be like. I was really excited! After 50 my new home, I found that living in Brisbane was quite different, I had the 51 to do a lot more things and had no limits to 52 I could do them. For example, have you ever wanted pancakes even at 6 am? Moreover, it was 53 to live there — one of my favorite restaurants was only a 2-minute walk away from my house. Besides, I found it quite interesting to meet and work with the locals. I loved Australia so much that I felt very 54 when my experience came to a(n) 55 . I made so many friends there and I hope to see them all again on my next world tour! 41．A．predicted B．exposed C．enjoyed D．pursued 42．A．curious B．friendly C．flexible D．independent 43．A．behavior B．position C．context D．experience 44．A．worked through B．lived up to C．went beyond D．obsessed with 45．A．allowed B．forced C．rejected D．warned 46．A．explode B．export C．explore D．expand 47．A．Interacting B．Proceeding C．Struggling D．Complaining 48．A．attitude B．eye-opener C．record-holder D．mixture 49．A．dominated B．pictured C．declared D．postponed 50．A．settling into B．figuring out C．carrying out D．knocking into 51．A．motivation B．patience C．intention D．freedom 52．A．why B．how C．when D．where 53．A．convenient B．practical C．effective D．exciting 54．A．reserved B．confused C．upset D．satisfied 55．A．point B．power C．existence D．end 41．C 42．B 43．D 44．B 45．A 46．C 47．A 48．B 49．B 50．A 51．D 52．C 53．A 54．C 55．D 应用文 假定你是李华，刚认识的英国笔友Ryan来信请你分享一次令你印象深刻的旅行。内容包括： 1. 旅行经历；2. 感受或收获。 注意： 1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Ryan, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Ryan, I’m thrilled to share with you an unforgettable trip I took last summer. It was a journey to the beautiful Guizhou province in China. During the trip, I hiked through the amazing landscapes, admired the breathtaking Huangguoshu Waterfall, and explored the ancient villages with unique cultures. The peaceful scenery and the feeling of being in harmony with nature left a deep impression on me. I also enjoyed the delicious local cuisine, further enriching my cultural experience. This trip not only broadened my horizons but also taught me the value of appreciating nature and respecting diverse cultures. Looking forward to hearing about your travel experiences. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Ryan写信分享一次印象深刻的旅行。 2.句式拓展 改写同义句 原句：This trip not only broadened my horizons but also taught me the value of appreciating nature and respecting diverse cultures. 拓展句：Not only did this trip broaden my horizons but also taught me the value of appreciating nature and respecting diverse cultures. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m thrilled to share with you an unforgettable trip I took last summer.（运用了省略关系词的定语从句） 【高分句型2】This trip not only broadened my horizons but also taught me the value of appreciating nature and respecting diverse cultures.（运用了not only…but also连接的并列结构） 课后练习 一、单句语法填空 1. Excuse me, could you please show me where I can find some (freeze) dumplings? 2. (patient) combined with diligence is necessary for success. 3. It is very (reward)to keep a diary of daily happenings. 4. We should (constant) urge ourselves to study hard. 5. For Nick, his dream became a (real) six months ago. 【答案】1. frozen 2. Patience 3. rewarding 4. constantly 5. reality 二、综合填空　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 This summer，have you been surprised by women wearing hanfu，or Han-style clothing，at subway stations，shopping malls or scenic areas? In 2018，the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League of China set the 1. (three) day of March in the Chinese lunar calendar,2. (traditional) the birthday of the Yellow Emperor as the annual Traditional Chinese Garment Day.Since then，3. beauty of hanfu has gained more and more recognition and acceptance by common people. Generally，hanfu refers 4. traditional Chinese clothing worn by the Han ethnic(民族的) group before the Qing Dynasty(1644—1911)．Historically，Han Chinese clothing has also influenced some of its neighboring cultural clothing,5. (include) the Japanese kimono，Korean hanbok，and clothing of Mongolia，Vietnam and Bhutan. Hanfu appears elegant and beautiful,6. is not only due to the thousands of years of culture behind its beautiful design，but also because of its extraordinary craftsmanship(工艺) and aesthetics(美学)．Hanfu includes more than 30 7. (example) of China’s intangible(非物质的)cultural heritage as well as Chinese arts and crafts under 8. (preserve)． Hanfu 9. (represent) an aesthetic for living and a continuation of traditional Chinese culture.Nowadays，more and more fashion designs look to hanfu for inspiration 10. (create) their own brand. 1.third【解析】考查序数词。英语中日期通常用序数词表示，the third day of March意为“3月3日”，故填third。 2.traditionally【解析】考查副词。分析句子成分可知，此处应用副词作状语，故填traditionally。 3.the【解析】考查冠词。the beauty of hanfu是指“汉服的美丽”，此处beauty用定冠词修饰，表特指，故填the。 4.to【解析】考查介词。refer to意为“涉及，指的是”，故填to。 5.including【解析】考查介词。including 是现在分词，在许多情况下用作介词，后面直接接宾语，含有补充说明之意；included 是过去分词形式的形容词，在表示“包括……在内”时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，起着补充说明的作用。本题属于前者，故填介词including。 6.which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子成分可知，空格前的句子为主句，空格处所填词在其后的从句中作主语，代指主句内容Hanfu appears elegant and beautiful，故填which。 7.examples【解析】考查名词复数。根据其前的30可知，此处应填名词复数形式，故填examples。 8.preservation【解析】考查词形变换。根据其前介词under可知此处应填名词，Chinese arts and crafts under preservation意为“受到保护的中国工艺美术品”。故填preservation。 9.represents【解析】考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知，此处主语为Hanfu，故应用第三人称单数谓语形式，根据语境可知，应用一般现在时，故填represents。 10.to create【解析】考查不定式。分析句子成分可知，此处表示目的，应用不定式，故填to create。 06 进门考 单句语法填空 1.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely (bring) your work home. 2. (build) the bridge, the workers moved to another city. 3. (face) with the difficult situation, he took courage and overcame it at last. 4.Lang Ping is the first person in volleyball history (win) gold as both a player and a head coach in the Olympic Games. 5. (inspire) by the spirit of the spider, the general gathered his soldiers and trained them carefully. 6.Keep the injured with his head (hold) straight while someone calls for emergency. 7.The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 8.At the party, the pretty girl wore a very attractive skirt to make herself (notice)． 【答案】 1.to bring2.Having built 3.Faced4.to win 5.Inspired 6.held 7.to be completed8.noticed 9.What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality (real). 10.Teaching children with special needs requires patience (patient) and understanding. 11.With early detection (detect) and treatment，there is a high chance of recovery. 12.If we admit it is a door，they’ll want to go outside constantly (constant). 13.Contrast fresh vegetables with frozen (freeze) ones and you’ll find the fresh ones taste much better. 14.The most rewarding (reward) day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together. 15.This animal is dangerous and should be caged (cage) in. 第六讲 选择性必修一Unit4 Exploring poetry(第二课时)+语法填空专练 【学习目标】 1、学习选择性必修一Unit4 Exploring poetry ReadingⅡ的重要词汇和句型； 2、语法填空训练，提升阅读理解力。 3、读后续写专练 【学习目标】 Part One Words and sentence patterns ReadingⅡ 12.set sth aside 把……放一边；留出 So if you do not get it, set the poem aside and come back to it later.所以如果你没有读懂某一首诗，那就暂且先放在一边，以后再读(P45) 【拓展set短语】 set about doing sth.　着手做某事 set down (指车辆或司机)停下来让 (乘客)下车；记下；放下 set off 出发，动身，起程；使……爆炸---- set off for...=leave for... 动身前往 set out 出发；摆放；陈述或宣布；开始做某事 set up 摆放或竖起某物；使……准备使用；开办，建立 Let's set aside my personal feelings for now. 目前我们就不要顾及我的个人感觉了 【拓展aside短语】 set sth aside　把……放一边；留出 lay aside　把……搁置一边 put aside　节省；储蓄；储存 aside from(＝apart from) 除了……外(还)，除了……外(都) I think you'd better lay aside fatty foods for a while. 我认为你最好暂时别吃油腻的食物。 Although this could likewise involve putting aside money for your university education, it also means investing in yourself. 虽然也可能涉及到为你的大学教育存钱，但这也是为你自己投资。 单句语法填空 ①At five in the morning she set out to prepare (prepare) breakfast for her family. ②Some doctors advise we should try to set aside some time each day for exercise. ③In China people like to set off firecrackers during the Spring Festival. ④After supper，Mary set about putting (put) away the chopsticks and bowls. ⑤Little Tom and his father set off for America last week，and arrived there this morning. ⑥She listened attentively and set down every word the teacher said. ⑦The organization was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction. 13.reward vt．奖励，奖赏 n．奖励，回报；悬赏金 This may seem difficult at first，but when you finally make your great discovery, your efforts will be rewarded.一开始似乎很难，但当你终于有了伟大的发现，你的努力就会得到回报(P45) 【归纳用法】 (1)as a reward (for)　　作为(对……的)报酬/奖赏 in reward (for)＝in return (for) 作为(对……的)回报 give/offer a reward to sb.for sth.＝give/offer sb.a reward for sth. 为某事而给某人报酬/回报 (2)reward sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事酬谢某人 reward sb with sth 用某物酬谢某人 (3)rewarding adj. 值得的；有益的；有意义的 As a reward for being admitted to college，many students got new cellphone as presents.作为对被大学录取的奖赏，很多学生得到了新手机作为礼物。 The government rewarded him for saving the old man in the well.因救起了落井的老人，他受到了政府的奖赏。 He received high praise in reward for his caring about the old.他因关心老人而获得高度赞扬。 【易混辨析】　reward，award，prize ①reward既可作动词，也可作名词，指对某人学习、工作或服务等的回报，意为“报答，酬谢，奖励” ②award既可作动词，也可作名词，强调荣誉、名誉等方面的奖励，意为“授予；颁发奖品，奖金” ③prize用作名词，一般指在比赛或一些活动中凭能力或运气所赢的奖 单句语法填空 ①As a reward for passing the exams, she got a new bike from her parents. ②In reward for his timely help, I decided to treat him to a seafood dinner. ③The government rewarded him for saving the old man in the well. ④He rewarded the boy with $10 for bringing back his lost dog. ⑤When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding (reward). ⑥The boss decided to give a reward to him for what he had done． 14.constantly adv.始终，一直 Poems that are easy to understand are often less interesting than those that constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings. (P45) 容易理解的诗歌往往不如那些不断揭示更深层次和以前未被认识到的含义的诗歌有趣 【拓展用法】 constant adj.　不断的；重复的；不变的 n.　常数；常量 a constant stream of visitors　络绎不绝的游客 keep in constant contact with sb一直与某人保持联系 travel at a constant speed　以恒定速度行驶 He kept in constant contact with his family while he was in Australia.他在澳大利亚时一直和家人保持着联系。 I'm constantly telling him to behave himself.我不断地告诉他要守规矩。 The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.我们知道什么和不知道什么的问题一直困扰着我 【注意】constantly常用于进行时中，表示说话人的一种感情色彩，如赞扬、批评、厌倦等。 单句语法填空 ①We are 　constantly　(constant) working to improve access to the museum and its collection. ②The car is travelling at 　a　 constant speed of 50 mph. 15.perceive vt.注意到，意识到；将……理解为，将……视为 As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning，it will have been worth your effort.只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟，或者让你发现另一层含义，你的努力就是值得的(P45) 【归纳用法】 perceive what sb.means　明白某人的意思 perceive the danger 意识到危险 perceive sb.do /doing sth. 察觉到某人做/正做某事 perceive sb/sth as...... 把.....视为....；把....当作.... perceive＋sb/sth＋to be/have sth 认为/发现……是……的 perceive＋that从句或 what/where/who等从句 I perceived his comments as a challenge.我认为他的批评是一种挑战。 On entering his house,we at once perceived him to be tasteful．我们一进他的房子，立刻感觉到他是个高品位的人。 单句语法填空 ①People tend to perceive television as entertainment. ②New technology was/is perceived (perceive)to be a threat to employment. ③Stress is widely perceived as　 contributing (contribute)to coronary heart disease. ④The patient was perceived 　to have　(have) difficulty in breathing. ⑤I perceived 　that I could not make her change her mind. 16.make sb do (make的宾补结构) As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning，it will have been worth your effort.只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟，或者让你发现另一层含义，你的努力就是值得的(P45) 句中makes you feel something为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为feel something (1)“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当；该结构中一般不用现在分词充当宾补；职务名词充当宾补时其前面不用加冠词。 (2)当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有： make＋it＋adj./n.＋(for sb.)to do sth. make＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句 (3)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。 单句语法填空 ①The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell(tell)one from the other. ②We thought it no use explaining (explain)to him what had happened here because he didn't care. 17.as long as引导条件状语从句 As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning，it will have been worth your effort.只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟，或者让你发现另一层含义，你的努力就是值得的(P45) 本句中的as long as引导条件状语从句，意为“只要……”，相当于so long as As long as you're happy, that's all that matters． 只要你幸福，这就是最重要的事情。 As long as I do my job well, my boss is very happy． 只要我做好本职工作，我的老板就很高兴。 【归纳拓展】 (1)as long as引导的条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替将来时； (2)as long as还可以表示“和……一样长”。 18.reality n．现实，实际情况；事实，实际经历 Poetry’s combination of “sound” and “sense” makes you see the world in a new way and allows you to go beyond normal reality for the everlasting beauty. 诗歌“音”与“意”的结合，让你用一种新的方式看待世界，让你超越平日的现实，追求永恒之美（P45） 【归纳用法】 (1)in reality　事实上；实际上 become a reality 成为现实 turn/bring...into reality 把……变成现实 bring sb．back to reality 使某人面对现实 (2)realize vt. 实现 realize that...... 意识到…… realize/achieve one's dream 实现某人的梦想 (3)real adj. 真实的---really adv. 真实地；实际上地---- realistic adj． 现实的；实际的 ----unrealistic adj. 不切实际的，离谱的 be realistic about ... 对……实事求是 单句语法填空 ①In reality,many women are forced to make a choice between family and career. ②The naughty boy is really(real)a burden to the mother. ③After an hour he realized(real) he was completely running with sweat. ④We must set realistic(real) goals. ⑤The reality(real) is that there is not enough money to pay for this project ⑥We ought to work hard to turn Chinese dream into a reality when we are young. 19.“too...to...”结构，意为“太……而不能……” Poetry can describe things that are too complex to express in any other way; it can also display the hidden beauty of simple and ordinary things.(P47) 诗歌可以描述那些太复杂而无法用任何其他方式表达的事物；它也可以表现简单和平凡事物的隐藏之美。 too complex to express属于“too...to...”结构，意为“太……而不能……”。 (1)too...to...与not或 never连用时，意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”。 (2)too ready/eager/willing/anxious/happy...to...表示肯定，作“过于，太会……”解。 (3)only/just/but too...to...非常……去做(too前的only，just，but不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了too的肯定语气)。 (4)too...not to...表示肯定，含义是“非常……必定能；太……不会不……”。 I'm too glad to be admitted to a key university.被一所重点大学录取我非常高兴。 She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat by herself and since she'd found it too much to cope with, she'd taken it out on other people.她在一周前与丈夫离婚，独自一人住在一个公寓里，由于她发现自己有太多事情无法应付，所以她常常把气出在别人身上。 单句语法填空 ①I'm only too glad 　to have passed　(pass) the exam. ②I was too weak 　to go　(go) to school so my education suffered. 综合填空 The more water people splash (泼洒) on you, the luckier and happier your life will be. That’s the positive message from the Water Sprinkling Festival (泼水节) in Xishuangbanna, in Southwest China’s Yunnan province, 56 has become a strong drive for tourism growth. Melissa Baidak, from Russia, was 57 (shock) at first when people surrounded her and splashed water, but then she joined in it 58 (merry) and had a good time. “The happiness reminds me 59 my childhood,” she said. “The 60 (impress) activities were flying the Kongming lanterns at night and splashing water on other people. It was amazing and romantic 61 (see) so many lanterns floating in the air, like twinkling stars,” she said. The Water Sprinkling Festival 62 (be) one of the most important festivals for the Dai people who recognize the festival as the new year and organize 63 (vary) of activities like splashing water, releasing Kongming lanterns and dragon boat races. Htike Lwin Ko, 64 37-year-old tourist from Myanmar, says his home country also celebrates the Water Sprinkling Festival, which usually lasts four days, and people 65 (allow) a 10-day break. “We have some customs similar to Xishuangbanna, like releasing Kongming lanterns,” he said. Zhu Jiawei, the prefecture’s Party secretary, said the government will take advantage of folk cultures and the prefecture’s good environment to develop cross- border, educational and eco- friendly tourism. 【答案】 56．which 57．shocked 58．merrily 59．of/about 60．most impressive 61．to see 62．is 63．varieties 64．a 65．are allowed 阅读理解 William was a student who was the only son of his wealthy parents and felt entitled to the luxuries he had in his life. On a class field trip, William met the forester, Victor, who had been living in a wooden house in the forest over ten years. When learning Victor’s life, William laughed at him with his friends. During the field trip, William and his classmates passed by an entrance to a cave. “This looks so cool!” William exclaimed. He wanted to go inside the cave, but his teacher stopped him. The next day, William reached the cave with his four friends, only to find they couldn’t take their schoolbags through the entrance. One by one, the teenagers entered the cave and were amazed to see how wide it was from the inside. Albert picked a large stone up and hit one of the walls with it. “This place is so cool!” he laughed quietly before the rocks from the wall came falling. “Watch out, Albert!” William said and pulled Albert towards himself. The teenagers screamed in fear when they saw the rocks fall. They couldn’t see anything because of the dust floating in the air. The friends were scared when they realized they were trapped in the cave. The teenagers started screaming for help, hoping someone would hear them. Fate sent Victor to the cave. The forester picked berries every other day from the trees near the cave. While he was walking back to his house, five bright-colored schoolbags caught his attention. Then he approached the cave and shouted, “Hey! Who’s in there?” “I’m William! I came here yesterday with my teacher! Help us, please! We are stuck!” “Okay, calm down, children! I’ll help you out!” Victor said. Victor quickly called 911 and informed them about the emergency. Thinking the paramedics would take at least twenty minutes to arrive, he decided to help the kids himself before it was too late. Victor quickly grabbed a shovel and a flashlight and rushed back to the cave’s entrance. Meanwhile, William and his friends tried to stay calm. A few minutes later, they could see the flashlight shine through the cave’s entrance. Seconds later, they rushed outside the cave and took a deep breath in the fresh air. Just then, the paramedics arrived. 24．What may lead to William looking down on Victor? A．His lower education. B．His poor family. C．His living condition. D．His bad manners. 25．How did William feel about the cave at first? A．Indifferent. B．Curious. C．Careful. D．Scared. 26．Why did Victor appear near the cave? A．It was his daily routine. B．He saw five colorful schoolbags. C．He came to look for the children. D．He heard the screaming for help. 27．What lesson can we learn from the story of William? A．Better late than never. B．No pains no gains. C．Two heads are always better than one. D．Don’t judge a book by its cover. 【答案】24．C 25．B 26．A 27．D 读后续写 Once upon a time, in a land far away, there was a small village. The village thrived in the heart of a big jungle. Surrounded by the mountain s and in the shade of green trees, the villagers happily lived a life of bliss. All of them were used to their robotic daily tasks and none of them had the imagination or the will to try something new, except for one girl named Hannah. Very few people in the village could read let alone write, and Hannah was one of them. Hannah was an adventurous spirit with an imagination far beyond her time. She loved to explore and would spend hours in the woods looking for new things. She loved to create stories in her head and used to imagine herself as one of her characters. One afternoon, when Hannah was on one of her adventurous quests, she came upon an abandoned cottage. The cottage looked very old in its condition. The door was barely hanging and the wood was chipping away. Even though Hannah’s mother had strictly warned her not to go wandering in abandoned places, her curiosity got the best of her. She tip-toed slowly to the door and slowly opened it and she was left stunned. In front of Hannah was a room full of books! Books glistering in the dust, basking in the warm sunlight just waiting to be explored. Hannah’s excitement was visible on her face as she jumped up and down with glee! She dusted the books, the shelves, and what was left of the furniture. Hannah broomed, swept, and dusted all day long until she realized that it was dark and she had to go back to her home. She met her friends on the way home who were curious by what Hannah was carrying. With excitement, Hannah shared everything with her friends. She was thinking that her friends would share her excitement but instead, she heard roars of laughter! 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Hannah was confused by this reaction and a little hurt too, but she did not give up on her books. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ With the good in heart, she decided to share the tales with the people of her village. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Hannah was confused by this reaction and a little hurt too, but she did not give up on her books. The next day, she quickly ate her breakfast and made her way to the cottage again. When reading the books, Hannah found they were too interesting filled with stories about different creatures. Each page was just an adventure waiting to be embarked on. Hannah’s imagination took her to a world of talking animals, mystical creatures, and daring nights. The little girl was so inspired by the books that the characters and the stories within them became her mentor. She learned the power of love and friendship, and that the true strength lies within one’s own heart! With the good in heart, she decided to share the tales with the people of her village. She wanted to light the sparks of curiosity and imagination in her villagers. Making this her mission, Hannah started telling tales every day at her cottage. She added her own touch of curiosity every now and then to different stories, making them more interesting. More and more people would gather around Hannah in awe as she told her stories. The old cottage was no longer withering away as people from her own village helped her build the cottage again. They transformed it together into a paradise of adventures and imagination. Hannah reminded everyone through her tales of the importance of human connection, empathy, and love. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。从前，遥远之地有个小村庄，村民安于丛林生活，鲜有创新。女孩汉娜却不同，她爱探索、读写。一日，她发现一废弃小屋，内藏满书籍。她兴奋不已，清理至天黑。归途分享此事，却遭朋友嘲笑。 【详解】1.段落续写 ①由第一段句首内容“汉娜对这种反应感到困惑，也有点受伤，但她并没有放弃她的书。”可知，第一段可以描写汉娜阅读书籍并从书中得到的启发。 ②由第二段句首内容“怀着善良的心，她决定与村里的人们分享这些故事。”可知，第二段可以描写汉娜给人们讲述故事的过程和产生的影响。 2.续写线索：没有放弃——读故事并受启发——决定分享——越来越多人喜欢——改变 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①启发：inspire/enlighten ②点燃：light/kindle ③帮助某人做某事：help sb. do sth./assist sb. to do sth. 情绪类 ①敬畏地：in awe/in reverence ②同情：empathy/sympathy 【点睛】【高分句型1】When reading the books, Hannah found they were too interesting filled with stories about different creatures. (运用了When引导的时间状语从句的省略、省略了引导词that的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】The little girl was so inspired by the books that the characters and the stories within them became her mentor. (运用了so...that...结果状语从句) 课后练习 单句语法填空 1.It's much wise to set aside some time to accompany parents or do something more meaningful． 2.Tonight temperatures will fall well below freezing (freeze) point． 3.According to some experts, the new test should enable doctors to detect (detect) the disease early． 4.Tourism supply and demand are interdependent and contradictory to each other． 5.It is said that the men were caught in the act of digging (dig) up buried treasures． 6.They must hold fast to the mystery of the faith with a clear conscience． 7.You need the patience (patient) of Job to deal with some of our customers． 8.We can learn a lot from the rewarding (reward) experience of communicating with native speakers of English． 9.Sometimes it's only when a difficulty is removed that we realiz(s)e (reality) we're not as weak as we think we are． 10.He lied to me constantly (constant) and started knocking me around． 11.Sweden is lovely in summer, but cold beyond belief in winter． 12.Her evidence suggests a different interpretation (interpret) of the events． 13.The lady presented me with an album in reward for my good performance in the game． 14.The two apparently contradictory (contradict) opinions are within my grasp． 15.The man determined to dig up the evidence about the crime and expose it to the police 07 进门考 选词填空 set aside；more than；dig up；pay attention to；long for；as long as；out of place；beyond one's grasp；stick out；fill up with 1．She longed for a chance to speak to him in private. 2．Some questions need your further explanation，please fill up with your true feelings. 3．He was restoring lands most of which were quite beyond his grasp． 4．The bank is expected to set aside about $700 million for restructuring. 5．Generally speaking，those who pay attention to physical exercise are in good health. 6．This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things. 7．The boy looked uncomfortable and out of place among the adults. 8．It's important not to stick out your hands and head outside the window. 9．More than 10，000 athletes took part in the Games. 10．An old Roman vase was dug up here last month. 第七讲 选择性必修一Unit 4 Exploring poetry (第三课时)+七选五专练 【学习目标】 1、学习选择性必修一Unit 4 Exploring poetry Grammar usage-Integrated skills的重要词汇和句型； 2、七选五训练，提升阅读解题水平。 【学习过程】 Part One New words in Grammar usage-Integrated skills 26. novelist n.[C] 小说家 novel n.[C]（长篇）小说；adj. 新颖的；与众不同的；珍奇的 27. break with sth.与某事终止关联，破除 break with old habits/the past 摒弃旧习惯/过去 28. ideal n.[C] 理想；典范 political ideals 政治理想 adj. 完美的，理想的 an ideal opportunity/university 绝好的机会/理想的大学 idea n.[C] 想法；构思；主意 ideally adv. 完美地，理想地 idealize vt. 将…视为理想；将…理想化 29. rigid adj. 死板的，僵硬的；固执的，僵化的 rigid rules/beliefs/attitudes/requirements 死板的条规/信念/固执的态度/严格的要求 30. undergo vt. 经历，经受 (underwent-undergone) undergo surgery/trials 进行手术/经受考验 31. industrialization n. 工业化 the rapid industrialization of China 中国的快速工业化 industrialize v. 使工业化industrial adj. 工业的 industry n. 工业；产业 industrial development/pollution/revolution 工业发展/污染/革命 32. advocate vt. 拥护，支持，提倡 advocate doing sth 主张做某事（其后不可跟不定式） It is advocated that...(should) do... 主张…… n. 拥护者，支持者；辩护律师 an advocate for hospital workers 医院工作人员的支持者 33. belief n. 看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心 beyond belief 令人难以置信 have belief in 对……有信心 hold/have/share the belief that 相信/都认为……（that引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的具体内容） It is one’s belief that...=one’s belief is that... 某人认为 disbelief n. 不信，怀疑 believe v. 相信 believable adj. 可相信的；可信任的 unbelievable adj. 难以置信的 34. era n.[C] 时代，年代 the Victorian/modern/post-war era 维多利亚/当今/战后时代 35. district n. 区，行政区；地区，区域 the business district 商业区 36. *diverge vi. 分叉，岔开；分歧，相异；偏离 37. bend vi.&vt. (使)拐弯，弯曲 （bent-bent） bend the truth 歪曲事实 bend one’s efforts/mind to sth. 集中全力于某事，专心致志于某事 be bent on sth./doing sth. 决心要做某事（通常指坏事） n.[C] 拐弯，弯道 a sharp bend in the road 道路的急拐弯 38. claim n. 声明，宣称；所有权；索赔 39. *tread vi.&vt. 踩,踏；踩碎,践踏；行走,步行 (trod-trodden) Ouch! You trod on my toe! 哎哟！你踩着我的脚指头了！ 40. *sigh n.&vi. 叹气，叹息 · breathe/let out a sigh of relief 松了一口气 41. hence adv. 因此，由此 syn: thus; therefore 42. dare vi.&vt. 敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事) Part Two Words and sentence patterns in Grammar usage-Integrated skills 1.break with sth 与某事终止关联，破除 The aim of the Romantics was to break with the ideals of the 18th century：...(P48) 浪漫主义者的目的是与18世纪的理想决裂：…… [拓展用法] (1)break into　　　　　 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始(笑、唱、跑) break into tears/laughter 突然哭/笑起来 (2)break in 打断；闯入 (3)break out 爆发 (4)break away from 脱离，放弃，打破 (5)break down 出故障；垮掉；分解 (6)break up 分手；粉碎，散开 break off the conversation/relations 中断交谈/关系 [注意]break into 与break in 都有“闯入”之意，但break into中into为介词，其后须接宾语；而break in中in为副词，为不及物动词短语；另外，break into 还有“突然开始”之意，和burst into 类似，而break in 还有“插嘴，打断”之意。 单句语法填空 ①Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers breaking into your house. ②Unfortunately, the couple broke up after only one year of marriage. ③Their car broke down on the way home yesterday so they had to walk home. ④They were discussing something important when a man broke in,which took everyone by surprise . ⑤The war broke out in 1937 and we were forced to leave our hometown. ⑥Actually, it is very difficult for us to break away from the old traditional ideas. 2.undergo vt.经历，经受 During that time，England was undergoing a process called industrialization.(P48) 在那期间，英国正在经历一个叫做工业化的过程 [归纳用法] undergo treatment/surgery/an operation接受治疗/手术 undergo tests / trials 　　接受检查/测试 undergo training 接受培训 Without air, the earth would undergo extreme changes in temperature.没有空气，地球的温度会发生极大的变化。 Teachers should be expected to undergo mid-career training and development.教师应该参加中期职业培训和发展讲座。 I now want to change, undergo treatment, return home to be together with my wife and child. 现在我想改变自己，接受治疗，回家与妻子和孩子团聚。 单句语法填空 (1)She underwent (undergo)a thorough examination in the hospital. 3.advocate vt. 拥护，支持，提倡 n. [C] 拥护者，支持者 Instead, they advocated going back to nature. 相反，他们提倡回归自然。(P48) 【拓展】 advocate (doing) sth. 提倡（做）某事，主张（做）某事 advocate +that从句 提倡/主张……---从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形” an advocate of/for ... ……的拥护者/支持者 Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behaviour. 很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。 an advocate for/of hospital workers 医院工作人员的支持者 单句语法填空 (1)He advocates streaming(stream) children, and educating them according to their needs. (2)He was an advocate of universal suffrage as a basis for social equality. (3)The report advocated that all buildings be fitted (fit)with smoke detectors. 4.belief n. [sing., U] 看法，信念；[C, usu pl.] 信仰;；[U] 相信，信心 The poets also wrote about individual feelings and beliefs. 诗人们也写自己的感情和信念。(P48) 【拓展用法】 beyond belief 令人难以置信 have belief in ... 相信……；对……怀有信心 .....the belief +that从句同位语从句 ……看法；……信念 religious/political beliefs 宗教/政治信仰 I admire his passionate belief in what he is doing. 我佩服他对自己的工作所抱的坚定信心。 belief in God/democracy 对上帝/民主的笃信 She acted in the belief that she was doing good. 她这么做是因为她认定自己是在做好事。 【归纳拓展】词性转换： ①disbelief n. [U] 不信，怀疑 in disbelief 怀疑地 ②believe v. 相信；认为……为实 →believable adj. 可信的→unbelievable adj. 难以置信的 单句语法填空 (1)This book is full of believable(believe), and interesting characters. (2)In a Chinese garden, a strong belief in a sense of unity with nature is required (3)There is a general belief that things will soon get better. 5.bend vi.& vt.(bent, bent) (使)拐弯，弯曲 n．拐弯，弯道 To where it bent in the undergrowth；直到它消失在丛林深处；(P50) [归纳用法] (1) bend one’s mind/efforts/thoughts to sth专心于某事物 (2)bend (sb) to sth 迫使(某人)屈从某物 be bent on (doing) sth 蓄意做某事(通常指坏事)；决心(做)某事 (3)bend the truth 扭曲事理；歪曲事实 [注意]bend作动词时，还有“(迫使某人)屈服，顺从；曲解，歪曲(事实)，篡改(规则、法律等)”之意。 写出下列句中bend的含义 ①He tried to bend the truth to cover up his mistakes.篡改，歪曲 ②I will take fate by the throat，it will not bend me completely to its will.(迫使某人)屈服，顺从 ③Watch out for sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly.拐弯，弯道 单句语法填空 ④I bent (bend) down and picked up the coins lying on the road. ⑤However weak the nation may be，it will never bend to a greater power. ⑥You will never succeed unless you bend all your mind to your work. ⑦She seemed to be bent on destroying their relationship.(bend 6.claim n．声明，宣称；所有权；索赔vt.宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得 Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim,Because it was grassy and wanted wear； 但我却选了另外一条路，它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂，显得更诱人、更美丽；(P50) [归纳用法] (1)claim to be　　　　　　 声称是…… claim to have done sth 声称做过某事 claim sth from sb 向某人索要某物 It is claimed that... 据说……；有人主张…… (2)make a claim on 向……索赔 单句语法填空 ①He claimed to be (be) an expert in this field but he isn’t, actually. ②Scientists claimed to have discovered (discover) a cure for the disease，which is good news for the patients. ③Workers who have been unfairly dismissed may claim compensation from employers. ④If the problem is in the goods itself，you may make a claim on the supplier. ⑤It is claimed that humor not only affects patients’ moods, but also helps them recover faster. Part Three Grammar points(非谓语) 考点一　非谓语动词作状语 1．动词不定式作状语 ①To realize our dream, we must spare no effort to improve our environment.为了实现梦想，我们必须不遗余力地改善我们的环境。(目的状语) ②George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.乔治战争后回到家，结果被告知妻子已经离开了他。(结果状语) ③You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，我是多么高兴。(原因状语) ④This machine is very easy to operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.这台机器很容易操作。在几分钟内任何人都能学会使用。 【规律总结】 (1)to do....可以用作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。 (2)only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。 (3)形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，glad，sorry，anxious，proud，disappointed，angry，surprised，ready，delighted，foolish，pleased，fortunate，right等。 (4)在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，safe，dangerous等。 2．分词作状语 ①After supper he had nothing to do, seated in the chair, looking at the stars. 晚饭之后，他无事可做，坐在椅子上看着星星。 ②Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel. 我们几乎把所有的钱都花完了，没有钱住宾馆了。 ③Having been ignored for a long time, the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out.被长时间忽视后，坐在后面的男孩感到枯燥就出去了。 ④Separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. 由于和其他大陆分离了数百万年，澳大利亚有许多在世界上其他国家找不到的动植物。 【规律总结】 (1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 (2)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。 (3)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。 (4)若与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。 (5)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。 考点二　非谓语动词作宾语 ①We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn't turned up yet. 我们约好在此地见面，但是她到现在还没有露面。 ②What a poor memory！I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him.多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，而今天我又忘了把钱还给他。 【规律总结】 (1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish；refuse，manage，care，pretend；offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help。 此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。 (2)下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀： 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon；admit，delay/put off，fancy(想象，设想)；avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice；deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate；forbid，imagine，risk；can't help(禁不住)，mind，allow/permit，escape。 (3)be used/accustomed to，lead to，devote to，go back to，stick to，object to，get down to，pay attention to，can't stand(无法忍受)，give up，feel like，insist on，thank ...for，apologize for，be busy(in)，have difficulty/trouble (in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，spend time (in)等短语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语。 考点三　非谓语动词作宾补 ①I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. 我抬头注意到一条蛇正沿着树蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。 ②To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible. 为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。 ③Upon arriving home，I was surprised to find the paper I had had prepared was missing. 我一到家就惊奇地发现我事先准备的文件不见了。 【规律总结】 (1)感官动词(词组)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例： see＋宾语＋doing/do (2)使役动词make，let，get，have后加复合宾语的情况： ①make/have＋宾语＋do/done ②let＋宾语＋do ③get/leave＋宾语＋to do/doing/done (3)have还可用于have sth.to do/to be done结构，该结构中have作“有”讲，不定式作定语。 I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.这个学期结束前，我还有很多阅读要完成。 考点四　非谓语动词作定语 ①Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home, there was a pile of mail waiting for her. 劳拉去巴黎待了一周多的时间。当她返回家的时候，有一大堆邮件等着她(处理)。 ②His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 他下月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。 【规律总结】 (1)现在分词(doing短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作主动进行。 (2)过去分词(done短语)作定语与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上是被动关系，表示该动作被动完成。 (3)不定式作定语(to do)表示未做的事情。 考点五　非谓语动词作主语和表语 ①Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. 聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。 ②It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语) ③It's a great pleasure to talk with you.和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。 ④My dream is to enter Peking University.我的梦想是考入北京大学。 【特殊句型】 ①It is/was+no use/ no good+doing..... ②It is/was+not any use/good+doing..... ③It is/was+of little use/good+doing..... ④It is/was+worth+doing..... 考点六　独立主格结构 ①Many trees to be planted，our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.种上许多的树后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。 ②Circumstances permitting, I'll go abroad to study.情况允许的话，我会去国外学习。 ③Jim was listening attentively to the lecture，all his attention fixed upon it.吉姆专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力都集中在上面了。 【规律总结】独立主格结构的构成形式： 名词或代词＋ 【注意】　独立主格结构从语法上来讲不是句子，在句中通常作状语。具有以下特点： (1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，不指同一个人或同一事物； (2)独立主格结构一般置于句首，有时也置于句中或句末。 【即学即练8】 用括号中动词的适当形式填空 1.The question discussed(discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of great importance. 2.To improve(improve) his spoken English，Mr.Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday. 3.The book is said to have been translated(translate) into English. 4.When the father came home，the naughty boy pretended to be doing(do) his homework. 5.He forgot even writing(write) to me，so he wrote another one. 6.While shopping，people sometimes can't help being persuaded(persuade) into buying something. 7.The Department of Education gave him a medal for having completed(complete) sixty years. 8.She looked disappointed(disappoint) after she lost the game. 9.It is a pity that I couldn't make myself understood(understand)． 10.Seeing(see)the hill，he always thinks of his hometown. 七选五一(原第9讲) 5 Tips for college freshmen You may have grown up living with lots of siblings, or this may be your first time sharing your living space with someone else. 66 However, it can also be a great part of your college experience. Follow these five tips to make sure you and your roommate keep things pleasant and supportive throughout the year (or even years). 1. Address problems when they're little Is your roommate always forgetting his stuff for the shower, and taking yours? Are your clothes being borrowed faster than you can wash them? Addressing things that bother you while they're still little can help your roommate be aware of something he may not otherwise know. And addressing little things is much easier than addressing them after they've become big. 67 This may seem simple, but it’s probably one of the biggest reasons why roommates experience disagreement or argument. Don't think he'll mind if you borrow his shoes for a quick soccer game? For all you know, you just stepped over an uncrossable line. Don't borrow, use, or take anything without getting permission first. 2. Be friendly, without expecting to be best friends Don't go into your roommate relationship thinking that you are going to be best friends for the time you're at school. It may happen, but expecting it sets both of you up for trouble. You should be friendly with your roommate. 68 3. Be open to new things Your roommate may be from someplace you've never heard of. 69 Be open to new ideas and experiences, especially as it relates to what your roommate brings into your life. That's why you went to college in the first place, right? 4. Stay open to change You should expect to learn and grow and change during your time at school. And the same should happen to your roommate, if all goes well. At beginning, everything seems exciting and interesting. 70 Anyway, be comfortable addressing things that unexpectedly come up, setting new rules, and being flexible to your changing environment. A. He may have a religion or lifestyle that is completely different from your own. B. Having a roommate inevitably has its challenges. C. It can be easier than you think to solve your problems ideally. D. Never touch anything of your roommates' E. Meanwhile, make sure you have your own social circles. F. Respect your roommate's stuff G. As the semester progresses, things will be different and even hard for both of you. 【答案】66-70 BFEAG 七选五二 Ways to keep your brain young Every brain changes with age, and mental function changes along with it. Mental decline is common, and it's one of the most feared consequences of aging. But cognitive(认知的) damage is not unavoidable. 36 . Get mental stimulation Through research with mice and humans, scientists have found that brainy activities stimulate new connections between nerve cells and may even help the brain generate new cells. 37 Read, take courses, and try “mental gymnastics,” such as word puzzles or math problems that require mental effort like drawing, painting, and other crafts. Get physical exercise 38 . People who exercise regularly increase the number of tiny blood vessels that bring oxygen- rich blood to the region of the brain that is responsible for thought. Exercise also spurs the development of new nerve cells and increases the connections between brain cells. 39 Good nutrition can help your mind as well as your body. For example, people that eat a Mediterranean style diet that emphasizes fruits, vegetables, fish, nuts, unsaturated oils (olive oil) and plant sources of proteins are less likely to develop cognitive impairment and dementia. In this way, both your blood sugar and blood pressure will be in good control. Care for your emotions People who are anxious, depressed, sleep- deprived, or exhausted tend to score poorly on cognitive function tests. Immediate actions should be taken to prevent cognitive decline. Neglecting your emotional well- being can have a profound impact on your ability to think clearly, make decisions, and maintain a high level of mental sharpness. 40 . A．Improve your diet B．Improve your blood sugar C．Enough sleep is of great importance for brain D．Research shows that using your muscles helps your mind E．Here are some ways you can help maintain brain function F．Any mentally stimulating activity should help to build up your brain G．Positive moods can reduce stress and anxiety, leading to improved mental health 【答案】36．E 37．F 38．D 39．A 40．G 课后练习 一.单句语法填空 1.I grasped him by the arm. 2.I had to wait for hours on the freezing (freeze) cold station platform. 3.We need somebody to interpret Russian into English. 4.As I walked through the town,I was constantly (constant) reminded of my childhood. 5.They perceived television as entertainment. 6.We should face the reality (real)bravely that we don't have enough money for the project. 7.A smoke detector (detect) is on the ceiling in your room. 8.They rewarded the boy with $5 for bringing back the lost dog. 9.The doctor said patiently，“Just a little patience．I'm examining the patient．” (patient) 10.The cold, misty (mist) air felt wonderful on his face. 二.语法填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空) On your 46th birthday，Mom gave me the letter 1. (write) by you.In your letter，you said you were looking forward to 2. (see) me fighting for my future bravely and doing well for myself and others.After 3. (read) this letter，I feel quite 4. (shock) at your expectation on me.I also feel ashamed for not 5. (perform) well to meet your demand before.I still remember when I was in primary school，I failed 6. (apply) myself to studying.You didn’t blame me at all.Instead，you taught me that 7. (study) was the most important object at the moment and encouraged me 8. (try) hard.Only when I read your letter did I realize that I behaved so badly at that time and you were so sad 9. (find) I didn’t do well for myself.I can’t help 10. (express) my gratitude. 【答案】1.written2.seeing3.reading4.shocked5.having performed/performing6.to apply7.studying8.to try9.to find10.expressing 08 进门考 单句语法填空 1. We must also consider the reaction of the person________(receive) the gift. 2 … With the problem ________(solve), I felt proud of my achievement. . 3. … I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left_________ (complete) the rest. . 4. There, ________(place) neatly beside the empty dish ,were two nickels and five pennies—her tip! 5. ________( compare) with the previous year, the number of students who went abroad for study was increased by 15 ,000, or a rise of 13%. 6. Storms swept along New Mexico's border with Texas on Friday, ______(destroy) homes and other buildings and injuring… 7．We must practise speaking and________ (write) the language whenever we can, but it is not enough only ________ (memorize) rules from a grammar book. 8. The television viewer makes no choice and no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything ______ (present) to him without any effort on his part. 9.You would expose yourself less pollution if you moved to a remote rural village. 10.I have arranged (spend) a whole Sunday taking a long walk. 【答案】 1. receiving 2. solved 3. to complete 4. placed 5. compared 6. destroying 7. writing; to memorize 8. presented 9.to 10. to spend 第八讲自主学习材料 选择性必修一Unit4 Exploring poetry(第四课时)+综合填空专练 【学习目标】 1、学习选择性必修一Unit4 Exploring poetry Extended reading的重要词汇、句型； 2、综合填空训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 Part One New words in Extended reading 43. *dweller n.[C] 居民，居住者 44. striking adj. 引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的--strikingly adv. 非常，极其，惊人地 strike v. (struck-struck)打，击；撞，碰；突然想到；给某人以某种印象；（灾难或疾病）侵袭，爆发；敲（钟）；划（火柴） 45. characterize vt. 是...的特征，以...为典型；使...具有特点；描述，刻画 character n.[C] 人物，角色；[C]性格（常用单数）；[U]特色；[C]文字，字母，符号 46. Confucianism n. 儒家，儒学，孔子学说 47. *Taoism n. 道教，道家 48. *legend n. [C,U]传说，传奇故事；[C]传奇人物 legendary adj. 大名鼎鼎的；传说中的 a legendary figure 大名鼎鼎的人物 49. encounter vt. 偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到 n.[C] 相遇，遭遇，冲突 have an encounter with 与……相遇 50. *nourish vt. 培养，助长；抚养，滋养 51. numerous adj. 众多的，许多的 e.g. He has been late on numerous occasions. 他已经迟到过无数次了 52. *glorious adj. 荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的 a glorious victory 辉煌的胜利 inglorious adj. 令人羞愧的；可耻的；不光彩的-- glory n.[U] 光荣，荣誉；[C]辉煌的成就，值得骄傲的事 win glory for 为……赢得荣誉 53. *boom n.[C] (贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣 vi. 迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛 54. stability n.[U] 稳定(性)，稳定(性) be eager for stability 渴望稳定 stable adj. 稳定的，牢固的；（人）稳重的 stably adv.稳定地 55. tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的；能耐...的 a tolerant society 一个宽容的社会 intolerant adj. 不容忍的，褊狭的，不容异说的；（对食物、药物等）过敏，不耐的 tolerance n. ①忍受；容忍；宽容；宽恕 tolerate vt. 忍受，容忍，包容 = put up with = stand = bear；（对药物）有耐受性；能经受（困难条件） 56. liberty n. 自由 political liberty 政治自由 have liberty to do sth. 可随意做某事 57. *unconstrained adj. 不受约束的，自由的 constrained adj. 不自然的；强迫的；过于受约束的 constrain vt. 限制；限定；约束 sb. be constrained from doing sth. 某人被迫做某事 58. vitality n.[U] 生命力，活力，热情 vital adj. 生气勃勃的，充满生机的，热情洋溢的；对…极重要的 59. distinguish vt.&vi. 成为...的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众 distinguished adj. 卓越的，著名的 distinguishable adj. 可区分的；隐约可辨的 *exaggeration n.[usually sing, U] 夸张，夸大 exaggerate v. 夸张；夸大；言过其实 60. *metaphor n. 暗喻，隐喻 61. representative adj. 典型的，有代表性的 be representative of 代表……的 n.[C] 典型人物，代表性人物；代表 a representative of the UN 联合国代表 represent v. 代表；展示；描述 represent...as... 把……描述成…… representation n.描述，表现；代表 62. frost n. [U]霜；[C, U]霜冻，严寒天气 frosty adj. 结霜的，严寒的；冷淡的 63. cast vt. 投射；向...投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色 (cast-cast) n.（集体可数名词）全体演员；[C] 投，抛 64. owe vt. 欠(情)；欠(债) owe sth. to sb. = owe sb. sth. 欠（某人情）；把……归功于某人 owing to = because of 因为，由于 owe it to sb. that... 把……归功于某人（it作形式宾语，that从句是真正的主语） 65. debt n. 人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务 in/out of debt 欠债/还清债务 deep in debt 负债累累 be in one’s debt = be in debt to sb. 欠某人的情；受某人的恩惠 66. *fascinate vt.&vi. 深深吸引，迷住 e.g. China has always fascinated me. 中国一直令我心驰神往。 fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的 sth. be fascinating to sb. 令某人着迷 fascinated adj. 被迷住的，被吸引住的 sb. be fascinated by/with sth.对……着迷 fascination n. 魅力；极大的吸引力 sth. hold a fascination for sb. 某物对某人有吸引力 67. entitle vt. 给...命名；使享有权利，使符合资格 entitlement n.[U] (拥有某物或做某事的）权利，资格 68. blame vt. 把...归咎于，责怪，指责 sb. be to blame (for...) 某人应承担（……的）责任，（为……）受责备 blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因作某事而责备某人 blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 n. [U] 责任，责备，指责 69. allowance n.[C] 津贴，补助；限额；零花钱 70. make allowance for体谅；考虑到，估计到 71. *triumph n.[C,U] 巨大成功，重大成就，伟大胜利 vi. 打败，战胜，成功 72. *impostor n.[C] 冒名顶替者，冒名行骗者 73. unforgiving adj. ( of a place, situation, etc. 地方、局面等)棘手的；( of a person 人)不饶人的，不宽容的 forgiving adj. 宽宏大量的；宽容的 forgive (forgave-forgiven) v. 原谅；宽恕 Part Two Words and sentence patterns in Extended reading 1.dare vi.&vt. 敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事) But I dare not speak in a voice loud，不敢高声语(P53) [拓展用法] dare sb.to do sth.　激某人做某事 dare not do sth.＝don't dare (to) do sth. 不敢做某事 I dare say 我敢说；我相信 I'm now up to my ears in debt and dare not borrow any more money.我现在是债台高筑，再也不敢借钱了。 We must dare to think, speak up and act.我们必须敢想、敢说、敢做。 单句语法填空 ①The older boys dared Tom to climb (climb) on to the roof. ②He dare (dare) not go out alone at night. 2.“It is believed that...句型 It is believed that this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years.(P53) 人们认为这首诗是李白青少年时期写的。 [讲解]It is believed that...”-----it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。 [归纳] (1)It is believed that　　　据认为…… It is said that... 据说…… It is reported that... 据报道…… It is hoped that... 人们希望…… It is thought that... 大家认为…… It is well known that... 众所周知…… (2)“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”可以改写为：“从句主语＋be＋过去分词＋不定式” Reading is believed to increase our knowledge and broaden our mind.人们认为阅读增长知识、拓宽视野。 It is said that he has passed the driving test.据说他已经通过了驾驶考试。 It is reported that the way people spend their holidays has changed a great deal in the past ten years. 据报道在过去10年里人们度假的方式已改变了许多 单句语法填空 ①The president is reported to visit(visit)China next week. ②He is said (say) to have studied abroad. but we don't know which country he studied in. ③The Internet is believed (believe)to have both advantages and disadvantages. ④People believe that the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages. 3.characterize vt.是……的特征，以……为典型；描述，刻画；使……具有特点 With striking imagination in expressions like “scaring dwellers on high”, this early poem already displayed signs of a romantic style,which was later to characterize Li Bai's poetry.(P53) 这首早期的诗歌以“恐惊天上人”这样的表达方式展现出惊人的想象力，显示出了浪漫主义风格的迹象，这也是后来李白诗歌的特点 [拓展用法] (1)characterize sth./sb.as... 将……描绘成…… be characterized by 被描述为……；具有……的特征 (2)characteristic adj. 独特的，特有的; n. 特征，特性 character n. 性格；特征；人物，角色 Such plain beauty is the right thing to characterize Chinese culture.这样质朴的美丽很好地表达了中国文化的特点。 He may be characterized as a man of hobbies.他可以被称作是一个有癖好的人。 She characterized him as lazy and selfish.她把他的性格描绘成又懒惰又自私 单句语法填空 ①Scotland has long been characterized as a land of romance. ②The city is characterized by tall modern buildings in steel and glass. ③Ambition is a characteristic(characterize) of all successful businessmen. 4.was later to characterize Li Bai's poetry表示将来，意为“注定会……” this early poem already displayed signs of a romantic style,which was later to characterize Li Bai's poetry.(P53) [拓展] (1)表示注定要发生的事，相当于must或have to (2)预先安排好的计划或约定 (3)表示说话人的意图、职责、义务、命令等情感意义 The prize-giving ceremony is to be held from 15：00 to 17：00 on June 18.颁奖仪式将在6月18日15：00至17：00举行。 You are to arrive at the spot before five this afternoon.你们必须在今天下午五点以前到达现场。 At college, Barack Obama didn't know that he was to become the first black president of the United States of America.在大学时，贝拉克·奥巴马不知道他会成为美国第一任黑人总统。 单句语法填空 ①All the drivers are to obey the traffic regulations.(obey) ②The medicine is to be taken three times a day.(take) ③The invention of the Internet is to change the way we communicate with each other.(change) 5.动词­ed形式(短语)作状语 Driven by a burning desire for adventure and travel, Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties.在强烈的冒险和旅行欲望的驱使下，李白在20出头的年纪离开了家，开始四处旅行(P54) [归纳用法] (1)动词­ed形式(短语)在句中作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等情况，表示被动与完成； (2)使用时应注意两点： ①动词­ed形式的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致； ②动词­ed形式表示的动作与句子的主语为被动或完成关系。 Absorbed in his book, Tom didn't notice me enter the room.专心于读书，汤姆没注意到我走进了房间。 Given more time, he can do it better.如果给予更多的时间，他会把它做得更好。 Reminded not to miss the flight at 15：20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.被提醒不要错过15：20的航班，经理匆忙去了飞机场。 单句语法填空 ①Located (locate) in the mountain, the temple is very quiet. ②Used (use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks. ③Written (write) in a hurry, this article was not so good. ④Seriously injured (injure), she had to be sent to hospital at once. ⑤The scientist came in, followed (follow) by her assistant. 6.tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的 This open and tolerant atmosphere allowed Li Bai the liberty to develop a free and unconstrained personality,which，in turn，had a huge impact on his poetic production.(P54) 这种开放宽容的氛围，使李白自由自在、无拘无束的人格得以发展，这反过来又对李白的诗歌创作产生了巨大影响 [拓展用法] (1)be tolerant of/towards/to... 对……能容忍，宽容 (2)tolerate v. 忍受，容忍，宽恕 tolerate doing sth. 容许/容忍做某事 (3)tolerance n. 容忍，忍耐力 She can't tolerate being treated that way.她不能容忍被那样对待。 Luckily, my parents were tolerant of my choice of music.幸运的是，我的父母对我选择听什么音乐持宽容态度。 When neighbors want to get along well with each other, they have to show their tolerance.如果邻里之间想要彼此融洽相处，他们必须展示他们的宽容 单句语法填空 ①Every man has his faults.We should, therefore, learn to be tolerant of/towards/to others. ②She refused to tolerate being called (call) a liar. ③My biggest weakness was my lack of tolerance (tolerant) for any error. ④Those who know how to tolerate(tolerate)others can naturally lead a happy life. ⑤Her parents won't tolerate seeing(see)the messy scene in the room. 7.distinguish vt.& vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众;看清,听出（不用于进行时） Equally impressive is Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings，which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets.同样令人叹服的是李白对强烈情感的恣意抒发，笔下万物都被赋予灵性，这也让他与其他的山水诗人迥然有别。(P54) [归纳用法] (1)distinguish between A and B　 区分A和B distinguish...from... 把……与……区分开来 distinguish oneself (as...) (作为……)表现突出;(作为……而)出名 (2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for... 因……而出名 (3)distinguishable adj. 易分辨的，能区分的 It’s important to distinguish between business and pleasure.分清正事和娱乐很重要。 The author develops the text by distinguishing sexual differences.作者通过区分性别差异来展开文本。 As far as I know, Li Na has already distinguished herself as an athlete.据我所知，作为运动员李娜已享有盛名。 He is distinguished for his knowledge of linguistics.他因语言学的知识而著名。 I could not distinguish her words, but she sounded agitated.我听不清她说的话，但听得出她很紧张不安 单句语法填空 ①Honestly speaking, I admire your distinguished (distinguish) achievements. ②It is the superior intelligence and the use of language that distinguish man from the other animals. ③He has talents by which he might distinguish himself(him)． ④He was one of Australia's most distinguished(distinguish) artists, renowned for his portraits and landscapes. ⑤Distinguished (distinguish)for his knowledge of economics, he was elected as head of the economic school. 8.representative n. 代表；典型人物，代表性人物 adj.典型的，有代表性的 The poem below, written in his fifties, is representative of his romantic style.(P54) 下面这首诗，是他50多岁时作的，代表了他的浪漫主义风格 [归纳用法] (1)be representative of　代表……的 a representative of ……的代表 a representative for 为……行业的代表 a representative from 来自……的代表 (2)represent v. 代表，象征，表示；作为……的代表 The association is sending representatives to the conference.协会将派代表出席大会。 ②The negotiation was attended by representatives of several states.来自几个国家的代表出席了谈判。 ③The annual-rings represent the amount of wood formed each year.年轮代表着每年生成的木材量。 单句语法填空 ①He was in no way a representative of dog-trainers in general. ②He is a representative for a large steel company. ③The representative (represent)from New Zealand spoke for the Pacific Islands Forum. 9.cast vt.(cast, cast) 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色n.全体演员；投，抛 Be cast into the mirror bright？何处得秋霜？(P54) [归纳用法] (1)cast about/around for sth　苦苦思索；四处寻找 (2)cast one’s mind back (to sth) 回顾；回想 (3)cast a spell (on sb/sth) (对……)施魔法，念咒语 (4)cast light on sth 使(问题等)较容易理解 (5)cast sb as/to be... 选派某人演……角色 (6)be cast down (by sth) (因某事)沮丧/失望 (7)cast aside　置……而不顾；抛弃；去掉 cast away 丢弃 cast off 放弃；丢弃 cast out 赶走 cast down 毁掉；使沮丧 写出下列句中cast的含义 ①She cast a welcoming smile in his direction.向……投以 ②Out of anger and sadness，Du Shiniang cast the priceless treasures into the river.投，抛 ③The cast all lined up on stage to take their bow.全体演员 单句语法填空 ④Here are the research findings that cast new light on the origin of our universe. ⑤She cast around desperately for a safe topic of conversation. ⑥Try to cast your mind back to the last conversation you had with her. ⑦The director has cast her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie. 10.owe vt.欠(情)；欠(债) Generations of poets, both in China and abroad, owe a debt to his inspirational poems.(P54) 中外几代诗人都对他的励志诗情有独钟 [归纳用法] (1)owe sb.a favo(u)r　　欠某人一个人情 owe sb.an apology 该向某人道歉 owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb. 欠某人某物 (2) owe...to... 把……归功于…… owe it to sb.that... 将……归功于某人(it作形式宾语，that从句作真正的宾语) (3) owing to... 因为；由于 You owe me a favour! 你还欠我个人情呐！ I think you owe us an explanation. 我认为你应当给我们一个解释。 He owes his success to hard work. 他的成功是靠勤奋工作 写出下列句中owe的含义 ①I owe you a debt of gratitude which I shall never be able to repay.欠 ②I owe it to you that I finished my work ahead of time.归因于，归功于 单句语法填空 ①I owe it to the doctor that I am still alive. ②I must say I owe all the achievements to the encouragement and help from my colleagues and friends. ③Owing (owe) to the limitation of our knowledge，there must be mistakes and errors in the book. 11.debt n. [C, usu. sing.] 人情债，情义，恩情；[U] 负债情况；[C] 债务，欠款 Generations of poets, both in China and abroad, owe a debt to his inspirational poems.(P54) 中外几代诗人都对他的励志诗情有独钟 [归纳用法] (1)in debt中in表示“处于……状态中”，debt前不加任何冠词。 (2)go/get/run into debt　负债 get/stay out of debt 摆脱债务，不负债（强调动作） be in heavy debt 负债累累 be out of debt 不欠债(状态) pay off all the debts 还清债务(动作) be in sb.'s debt＝be in debt to sb. 欠某人的人情债；受某人的恩惠；感激某人 I'm heavily in debt at the moment, but hope to be out of debt when I get paid.我现在负债累累，但希望拿到工资后就能把债务还清。 I need to pay off all my debts before I leave the country. 我得在离开该国前偿清所有债务。 We were poor but we never got into debt. 我们穷是穷，但从不负债 单句语法填空 ①It's easier to get into debt than get out of it. ②You saved my life; I am in debt to you forever. ③He decided to help those college students in debt. ④I know I shall feel forever in her(she) debt. 12.entitle vt.给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格 He was fascinated by Li Bai's poems and translated some of them in his 1915 poetry collection entitled Cathay. 他着迷于李白的诗，在他1915名为《国泰》的诗集中他翻译了李白的一些诗(P54) [归纳用法] entitle sb.to do sth.　给某人权力或资格做某事 entitle sb.to sth. 授予某人某项权利 be entitled 叫做，称为；题目是 be entitled to do sth. 对……享有权力；值得；有(做某事)的资格(权力) The writer hasn't entitled his new book yet.那位作家还没给他的新书取名。 This ticket entitles you to a free lunch.凭此券你可免费吃一顿午餐。 You are not entitled to unemployment benefit if you have never worked.从未参加过工作，就没有资格领取失业救济金。 单句语法填空 ①Every child in the country is entitled to free education at school. ②You are entitled (entitle)to collect the rental fee from the customers. ③This ticket doesn't entitle you to sit (sit)in first class 13.blame vt.责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n．责任，责备，指责 If you can keep your head when all about you are losing theirs and blaming it on you.(P55) 如果周围的人毫无理性地向你发难，你仍能镇定自若保持冷静 [归纳用法] blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事 blame ... for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事责备…… be to blame for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事应受责备；对（做）某事负有责任(不定式用主动形式表被动含义) take/bear the blame for sth. 承担某事的责任 lay/put the blame (for sth.) on ... 把（某事的）责任归咎于…… She doesn't blame anyone for her father's death.她没把她父亲的死归罪于任何人。 How can I blame him？It wasn't intentional.我怎么能怪他呢？那又不是有意的。 The police had figured out the cause of the traffic accident and it was the lorry driver that should take the blame for it.警方已经查明这起交通事故的起因，是那位卡车司机应为此负责 单句语法填空 ①While we can't change the body type we are born with, we can't blame our genes for making us fat. ②The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack's careless driving. ③The driver was not to blame(not blame) for the traffic accident. ④You must bear the blame for the accident. ⑤If their forces were not involved, then who is to blame(blame)? 综合填空一 Poetry is a 1._______(combine) of “sound” and “sense”. If you want to reveal the hidden dimension, the following methods should 2._______(adopt). First, even if its true meaning appears to be 3._______ your grasp, you can always say something about how the poem sounds when you read it aloud. You can detect a rhythm, repeated words, rhymes and other special effects. Second, approach the poem as if you 4._______(be) an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape. Ask some basic questions about the poem, such as 5._______ is talking and who is being talked to and so on. Third, be 6._______(patience) if you are struggling to interpret the meaning of a poem. Set the poem aside and come back to it later, then you can make your great discovery. Poems that 7._______(constant) reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings are more interesting. Finally, when you abandon logical thinking, you can discover its inner beauty. It is worth 8._______(make) efforts to perceive another level of meaning. Only in these 9._______(way) can you enjoy your journey of the poetry, because poetry’s combination of “sound” and “sense” makes you see the world in a new way and allows you 10._______(go) beyond normal reality for the everlasting beauty. 【答案】1. combination 2. be adopted 3. beyond 4. were 5. who 6. patient 7. constantly 8. making 9. ways 10. to go 综合填空二 It was Dragonboat Day. Shiny white tents lined the waterfront, ____36____ (provide) shade and refreshments for Dragon Boat paddlers (桨手) from all over California, ____37____ gathered around the Castaic Lake for a festive competition. Giggling kids raced cheerfully along the lakeside beach, ____38____ their parents enjoying the shady picnic areas under the trees along the shore. “It’s a great day out,” said Paul Lin, co-founder for Castaic’s own Dragon Eyes team. Dragonboat racing has been going on for thousands of years in China, ____39____ (initial) in honor of the Chinese water dragon deity (神) in an effort to call down rain ____40____ avoid misfortune and disaster. In the race, a drummer ____41____ (use) a large traditional wooden drum to keep the paddlers on beat, while a steersman in the back keeps them in their lane. Lin said a friend got him ____42____ (involve) in dragonboat racing over a decade ago. In 2018, they ____43____(decide) to host their own festival. “There’s something really special to be learned from our dragonboat motto: ‘One Boat, One Beat,’” he said. “Paddlers come from all walks of life and that kind of ____44____ (close) with people is nowhere else to be seen.” “We really want to help expand awareness and grow the sport,” Lin said. “We’re hoping one day it’ll become_____45_____Olympic sport.” 【答案】 36．providing    37．who    38．with    39．initially    40．and    41．uses    42．involved    43．decided    44．closeness    45．an 课后练习 选词填空 make allowance for；be rooted in；in turn；be recognized as；familiarize sb.with；be representative of；break with；put emphasis on；owe...to...；contribute to 1．The goal of the experiment was to familiarize the people with the new laws. 2．His problems are deeply rooted in his childhood experiences. 3．The paintings are representative of English art in the early 19th century. 4．The hospital is recognized as a centre of excellence in research and teaching. 5．Your hard work and concentration will contribute to getting a good remark. 6．He owes her wealth to hard work and good luck. 7．We must make allowance for the traffic，so let's start half an hour earlier. 8．You had better break with your bad habits. 9．They put emphasis on quality rather than on quantity. 10．He had to lie on the ground and raise his right and left legs in turn. 单句语法填空 1.The snow had melted，but the lake was still frozen(freeze) solid. 2.This case is representative of the attitudes of the police. 3.I owe a debt of gratitude to all my family. 4.Honestly speaking，I admire your distinguished (distinguish) achievements. 5.Your qualifications entitle you to a higher salary. 6.There is no point advocating improving(improve) public transport unless we can pay for it. 7.Don't always blame your own failure on others.Sometimes you yourself are to blame (blame)． 8.There was a businessman who was deep in debt and could see no way out. 9.The tourist claimed to have seen (see)the monster in the lake. 第2页 | 共4页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $