课时分层检测(十八) Disaster and hope（Word试题版）-【创新大课堂】2027年高三英语一轮总复习（外研版）

**基本信息** 以“灾难与希望”为主题，精选2025年河北沧州、江苏南通三模试题，含2篇阅读理解（科技前沿）和1篇完形填空（环保运动），适配高中英语一轮复习，注重语言应用与思维训练。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|8题|科技说明文（地震预测、疯狗浪AI预警）|情境具时代性，设细节理解、推理判断等层次题，考查信息筛选与逻辑分析能力| |完形填空|15题|环保运动记叙文（SpoGomi捡垃圾比赛）|以真实赛事为背景，通过语境词汇辨析（如collect/weigh）和情感线索（如exhausted/amazing），渗透环保意识与竞争精神|

课时分层检测（十八） Disaster and hope Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A （2025·河北沧州三模） Earthquake prediction has long been a challenge for scientists around the globe since the geological phenomenon can occur at any time and any location with little or no warning. The chance of a powerful earthquake can only be determined through long-term forecasts in a general area or region on Earth. Throughout history, no individual or group has yet successfully predicted a major earthquake: including its date and time, location and magnitude. These are the three elements essential to make an earthquake, according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS). While small earthquakes occur all the time, high-intensity earthquakes are rare but is something to watch out. Now, a new study led by researchers from Pennsylvania State University found a potential solution to the dilemma of earthquake forecast: ancient underthrust rocks. Rocks buried deep in ancient subduction (俯冲) zones — where tectonic( 地壳的) plates bump with each other — could help scientists make better predictions of how these zones behave during the years between major earthquakes. According to the USGS, we are still uncertain how we can make such a feat and are not expecting to perfectly predict major earthquakes any time in the foreseeable future. Although some people in the past said they could predict earthquakes, the U.S. Government agency asserts these are all failed predictions. Their predictions are neither grounded on scientific fact nor passed through the scientific method. Since authorities in the field of geology and other related areas acknowledged that earthquake prediction is still far from being completed, scientists continue to further understand this mystery. Unlike weather forecasts of hurricanes and other storms, earthquakes have no concrete parameters (参数) that would indicate that they would occur in the coming hours, days, weeks or months. Regardless, the Penn State researchers have made progress in the dilemma by understanding the underthrust rocks in ancient subduction zones. Determining this area could help scientists better predict the behavior of these zones during periods between major earthquakes. Evidence of their findings was based on clues from rock formations in Alaska and Japan. 1. What is the hard nut as to earthquake prediction? A. Earthquakes often occur in unexpected areas. B. No scientists can tell how earthquakes happen. C. The geological structure is too complicated. D. It is hard to predict earthquakes accurately. 2. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4? A. Take actions. B. Achieve success. C. Adopt measures. D. Face challenges. 3. Why can hurricanes be accurately forecasted? A. Because they can be tracked through the specific data. B. Because they usually happen in some particular places. C. Because they can be confirmed by the practical experience. D. Because they often take place during hot summer time. 4. What is the best title for the passage? A. Ancient underthrust rocks help in earthquake prediction B. Earthquake prediction remains a problem to work out C. Underthrust rocks indicate coming violent earthquakes D. Scientists can successfully predict destructive earthquakes B Rogues (疯狗浪), called “extreme storm waves” by scientists, are large, unexpected, and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). These abnormal waves, which happen every day and all over the world, are highly unpredictable and can destroy ships that meet with them. Rogue waves appear to form when large rough waves pass through one another, combining to form huge walls of water, according to NOAA. However, why and where they appear is unclear. But using 700 years’ worth of ocean data including historical records and data from buoys (浮标) in 158 locations around the world, researchers have now created a system for predicting these “huge beasts”. “They are caused by a combination of many factors that, until now, have not been combined into a single risk assessment,” said lead author Dion Häfner. Häfner and his co-workers mapped the factors that may lead to rogue waves and used AI to make a single model that could determine the likelihood that a rogue wave will form. The team trained a neural network using historical wave data. This generated a system that learned the causes of rogue waves by itself and could work to predict them. But the AI’s methods were hid in a black box. This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings. So Häfner’s team applied another form of machine learning, which produced an equation (综合体) when fed data, rather than just a single prediction, helping the researchers to understand how the AI reached its predictions. “Our analysis demonstrates that abnormal waves occur all the time. In fact, we registered 100,000 waves in our data set that can be defined as rogue waves,” Häfner said. This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave, Häfner added, and can better protect ships from being destroyed as the sail around the world. Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative course. 5. How does the author introduce the topic? A. By using an example. B. By giving a definition. C. By drawing a comparison. D. By making an assumption. 6. What can the system do according to paragraph 2? A. Monitor huge sea creatures. B. Guide ships around in the sea. C. Prevent rouge waves from occurring. D. Forecast the hitting of rogue waves. 7. What is the disadvantage of the AI’s methods? A. They aren’t visually available. B. They depend on too many factors. C. They make inaccurate predictions. D. They don’t process data systematically. 8. How does Häfner find the system? A. It requires more field tests. B. It has been widely used. C. It needs further improvement. D. It has a promising future. Ⅱ. 完形填空 （2025·江苏南通三模） SpoGomi is a sport involving litter-picking by teams of three. You’re given an area of 1.5 sq km, and have to ___9___ as much litter as possible within an hour. The litter is then ___10___. The team with the most wins. We ___11___ the first SpoGomi world cup last August. ___12___ we were drawn to taking part because of a free trip abroad. Upon arriving, we walked around the competition area, and thought about the ___13___ of people who drop litter：probably typically people who were drinking. That helped us narrow down where to go. Another ___14___ was that we were young and physically fit. We like the ___15___ element of the sport, whereas people from other countries are ___16___ more by environmental interests. With 21 nations participating, the competition was ___17___. After the first half, we were second. My muscles were ____18____ and I felt completely exhausted from the summer heat, but we had this feeling of being on the edge of something ____19____. We had to just keep ____20____. In the second half we pulled ahead because we ____21____ an area no one else had been to. We ended up coming first with 57kg of rubbish collected. Without the competition, I wouldn’t have been someone who would have picked up litter off the street before. Now we are just much more ____22____ of it. Once you’re drawn into SpoGomi, your attitude towards litter and how you ____23____ completely changes. 9. A. load B. store C. collect D. bury 10. A. priced B. labeled C. sorted D. weighed 11. A. held up B. headed for C. broke through D. put off 12. A. Gradually B. Immediately C. Constantly D. Initially 13. A. profile B. shape C. wisdom D. mood 14. A. advantage B. adventure C. preference D. priority 15. A. educational B. competitive C. sensitive D. recreational 16. A. assessed B. protected C. favored D. motivated 17. A. intense B. fair C. smooth D. friendly 18. A. relaxed B. growing C. aching D. strengthened 19. A. amazing B. familiar C. ordinary D. complex 20. A. training B. watching C. pushing D. waiting 21. A. monitored B. deserted C. occupied D. discovered 22. A. guilty B. nervous C. envious D. aware 23. A. conclude B. contribute C. compete D. complain 课时分层检测（十八） Disaster and hope Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A （2025·河北沧州三模） 【1~4题答案】 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过研究古老的俯冲岩石来预测地震的方法。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Throughout history, no individual or group has yet successfully predicted a major earthquake: including its date and time, location and magnitude. (纵观历史，还没有任何个人或团体成功预测过大地震：包括日期和时间、地点和震级)”可推知，要准确预测地震的发生时间、地点和震级很难。故选D项。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段最后一句“…are not expecting to perfectly predict major earthquakes any time in the foreseeable future (不指望在可预见的未来任何时候都能完美地预测大地震)”可知，作者仍然觉得现阶段无法成功地准确预测大地震，而这句话和划线词组为并列结构，应该传递的是一致的含义。由此可知，划线词组make such a feat与achieve success“取得成功”意思一致。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句“Unlike weather forecasts of hurricanes and other storms, earthquakes have no concrete parameters (参数) that would indicate that they would occur in the coming hours, days, weeks or months. (与飓风和其他风暴的天气预报不同，地震没有具体的参数表明它们将在未来几小时、几天、几周或几个月内发生)”可知，飓风和其他风暴的天气预报不同，地震无法预测是因为没有具体参数作参照。由此可知，飓风等能预测是因为能够根据具体参数展开分析等。故选A项。 4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句“Now, a new study led by researchers from Pennsylvania State University found a potential solution to the dilemma of earthquake forecast: ancient underthrust rocks.(现在，宾夕法尼亚州立大学研究人员领导的一项新研究发现了一种潜在的解决地震预报困境的方法：古老的逆冲岩石)”可知，本文第一二段的为背景介绍地震预测难的现状，更好引出第三段的文章主旨：古老的逆冲岩石。由此可知，Ancient underthrust rocks help in earthquake prediction(古代逆冲下的岩石有助于地震预测)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A项。 B 【5~8题答案】 【答案】5. B 6. D 7. A 8. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。“疯狗浪”被科学家称为“极端风暴波”，是一种巨大的、意想不到的、危险的海浪。研究人员发明了一个系统，该系统可以有效显示“疯狗浪”的迹象，更好地保护在世界各地航行的船只免受破坏。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Rogues (疯狗浪), called “extreme storm waves” by scientists, are large, unexpected, and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). These abnormal waves, which happen every day and all over the world, are highly unpredictable and can destroy ships that meet with them.(据美国国家海洋和大气管理局称，“疯狗浪”被科学家称为“极端风暴波”，是一种巨大的、意想不到的、危险的海浪，其高度至少是周围其他海浪的两倍。这些异常的海浪在世界各地每天都有发生，非常难以预测，可能会摧毁遇到它们的船只)” 再结合下文中关于“疯狗浪”的介绍可知，作者主要通过对“疯狗浪”下定义来引入话题。故选B。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“why and where they appear is unclear…researchers have now created a system for predicting these ‘huge beasts’.( 它们出现的原因和地点尚不清楚。但是，利用700年来的海洋数据，包括历史记录和来自世界各地158个地点的浮标数据，研究人员现在创建了一个预测这些“巨兽”的系统)”可知，疯狗浪出现的原因和地点尚不清楚，因此，研究人员创建了一个系统来预测这些“巨兽”。故选D。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But the AI’s methods were hid in a black box. This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings.(但人工智能的方法隐藏在一个黑盒子里。这意味着科学家无法知道人工智能是如何工作的)”可知，人工智能的方法被藏在一个黑箱里，这意味着科学家无法知道人工智能是如何工作的。故选A。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave, Häfner added, and can better protect ships from being destroyed as the sail around the world. Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative course.( Häfner补充说：“该系统可以有效地显示异常浪的迹象，并且可以更好地保护航行在世界各地的船只。船只公司可以使用该设备和该系统来预测何时何地可能出现异常海浪，以寻求替代航线。”)”可知，他认为这个系统有着很好的发展前景。故选D。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 （2025·江苏南通三模） 【9~23题答案】 【答案】9. C 10. D 11. B 12. D 13. A 14. A 15. B 16. D 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. C 21. D 22. D 23. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了SpoGomi这项团队捡垃圾的体育活动，作者所在的队伍如何通过策略和体能优势赢得比赛，以及这项活动如何改变了作者对垃圾的态度。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：给你一个1.5平方公里的区域，你必须在一小时内收集尽可能多的垃圾。A. load装载；B. store存储；C. collect收集；D. bury埋藏。根据空后“as much liter as possible within an hour”和下文“rubbish collected”可知，你必须在一小时内尽可能地收集垃圾。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后称一称垃圾的重量。A. priced定价；B. labeled标记；C. sorted分类；D. weighed称重，根据后文“We ended up coming first with 57 kg of rubbish collected.”可知，说明垃圾被称重。故选D。 【11题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：去年8月，我们前往首届斯波戈米世界杯。A. held up举起；B. headed for前往；C. broke through突破；D. put off推迟。根据空后“we were drawn to taking part because of a free trip abroad”可知，我们前往参加首届斯波戈米世界杯。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最初我们被吸引参加是因为一次免费出国旅行。A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Immediately立即：C. Constantly不断地；D. Initially最初。根据下文“we were drawn to taking part because of a free trip abroad”可知，最初被吸引参加的原因是一次免费出国旅行，故选D。 【13题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：到达后，我们在比赛区走了一圈，思考了一下乱扔垃圾的人的情况：可能是典型的酗酒者。A. profile特征；B. shape形状；C. wisdom智慧；D. mood情绪，根据下句“probably typically people who were drinking”可知，作者一行思考了一下乱扔垃圾的人的情况。故选A。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个优势是我们年轻身体健康。A. advantage优势；B. adventure冒险；C. preference偏好；D. priority优先事项。根据空前的“That helped us narrow down where to go.”和空后的“we were young and physically fit”可知，我们年轻且身体健康是另一个优势。故选A。 【15题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们喜欢这项运动的竞争因素，而来自其他国家的人则更多地受到环境利益的驱使。A. educational教育性的；B. competitive竞争性的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. recreational娱乐性的。根据后文“After the first half, we were second.”可知，我们参加首届斯波戈米世界杯是因为我们喜欢这项运动的竞争因素，故选B。 【16题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们喜欢这项运动的竞争因素，而来自其他国家的人则更多地受到环境利益的驱使。A. assessed评估：B. protected保护：C. favored偏爱：D. motivated激励。根据空前的“We like the ___7___ element of the sport”和空后的“more by environmental interests”可知，我们喜欢的是竞争因素，其他人则更多地受到环境利益的激励。故选D。 【17题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有21个国家参加，竞争非常激烈。A. intense激烈的；B. fair公平的；C. smooth顺利的；D. friendly友好的。根据空前“With 21 nations participating”可知，有21个国家参加，说明竞争非常激烈。故选A。 【18题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的肌肉酸痛，夏天的炎热让我筋疲力尽，但我们有一种身于奇妙事物边缘的感觉。A. relaxed放松的；B. growing增长的：C. aching疼痛的；D. strengthened加强的。根据空后“and I felt completely exhausted from the summer heat”可知夏天的炎热让作者筋疲力尽，肌肉酸痛，故选C。 【19题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. amazing令人惊讶的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. ordinary普通的；D. complex复杂的。根据上句“My muscles were ___10___ and I felt completely exhausted from the summer heat”和but表示转折可知，我们感觉置身于奇妙事物边缘。故选A。 【20题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们必须继续努力。A. training训练；B. watching观看；C. pushing努力争取；D. waiting等待。根据前文“we were drawn to taking part because of a free trip abroad”和后文“In the second half we pulled ahead”可知，最初我们被吸引参加是因为一次免费出国旅行，我们必须继续努力争取。故选C。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在下半场，我们领先了，因为我们发现了一个别人没有去过的领域。A. monitored监控；B. deserted遗弃；C. occupied占领；D. discovered发现。根据空后“an area no one else had been to”可知，我们发现了一个别人没有去过的领域，因此我们收集到更多的垃圾，开始领先。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在我们只是更清楚地意识到了这一点。A. guilty内疚的；B. nervous紧张的；C. envious羡幕的；D. aware意识到的。根据上句“Without the competition, I wouldn’t have been someone who would have picked up litter off the street before.”可知，如果没有这次比赛，我就不会成为在街上捡垃圾的人。说明现在我们更清楚地意识到了这一点。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦你被吸引到SpoGomi，你对垃圾态度和你的贡献会完全改变。A. conclude结束；B. contribute贡献：C. compete竞争；D. complain抱怨。根据前文“Without the competition, I wouldn’t have been someone who would have picked up litter off the street before.”和“Once you’re drawn into SpoGomi”可知，如果没有这次比赛，我就不会成为在街上捡垃圾的人，参加了这次比赛，对垃圾的态度改变了，你如何做出贡献也改变了。故选B。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $