内容正文:
必修第一册
UNIT 3 Family matters
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I enormously admire my older brother with a good memory who started his career as a lawyer ten years ago. Throughout the year, wearing a business suit, he typically focuses his attention ____1____ his work and respects everyone around him. ____2____ (profession) and responsible, he never ignores details, so he is indeed successful in ____3____ (he) field. He is very busy and despite this, he has a talent for character-building sports, such as playing basketball, running along the track as well as jogging. Besides, not only does he prefer recording songs in a nearby studio but he also sings songs in the court at home. ____4____ he is not an athlete, he regularly participates in a series of sports events and he is often in the lead. Last Sunday he even got a gold medal, ____5____ obviously won him millions of compliments. Moreover, he is slim but of great strength. I assume him as my role model and I can’t contain my inner ____6____ (admire) and I prefer chatting with him about a range of themes posted on the media. However busy he is, he always ____7____ (observe) my birthday every year. If he does something wrong, he will apologise to me sincerely. Whenever I come across challenging issues, he will ____8____ (patient) tell me some practical approaches to ____9____ (settle) them. In summary, my brother does have a powerful impact on me. Now I can’t stress the importance of diligence too much. Even if I fail, I will never sigh, and instead, I will go all out ____10____ (bridge) the gaps and stick to my original option. Currently I also have achieved one of my aims.
突破·核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 focus vi. & vt.(把……)集中(于);(使)调节焦距n. 中心;重点;焦点
11. Obviously, the competition focusing ________ the theme of “first impression of China” attracted millions of viewers. (用适当的词填空)
12. 这么多人都盯着我看,我既紧张又尴尬,脸都红了。(with复合结构)
________________, I felt so nervous and awkward that my face flushed.
13. 头发打结,南瓜肉盖着鼻子,我成了观看这条发布在网上的视频的那些人关注的焦点。
Hair in knots and nose covered by pumpkin pulp, I ________ of those who viewed the video posted online.
2 approach v. 走近,靠近,临近;接洽;要求;着手处理 n. 接近;通路;方法
14. With the Spring Festival ________ (approach), we could hardly contain our inner excitement. (句型转换)
= ________________, we could hardly contain our inner excitement.
15. 她的眼睛闪烁着自信的光芒,Eva决定在学校大楼里使用这个辨别方向的方法。
With her eyes twinkling with confidence, Eva decided to use ________________ in the school building.
16. 这种方法使我免去了不得不过度解释的不适。然而,我很快发现,这样做,我可能会失去更重要的东西:分享我文化身份的一小部分的机会。
________________. However, I soon found that by doing so, I might be losing something more important: the opportunity to share a small part of my cultural identity.
3 assume vt. 假定,假设;设想;认为;担任,承担[assumption n. 假定,假设;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得 assuming conj. 假定,假设]
17. He was assumed ________ (be) one of the most committed lawyers in his field. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18. 总之,假设我被选为学生会主席,我将定期组织一系列的课外活动来丰富我们的学校生活。
In summary, ________________, I will regularly organize a range of after-class activities to enrich our school life.
19. People assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.(话题写作之传统文化)
→________(用it作形式主语和not only ... but also …的倒装句改写)
4 respect v. 尊敬,敬重n. 方面;尊重;敬意;问候(常用复数)(respectable adj. 值得尊敬的;体面的,得体的respectful adj. 表示敬意的,尊敬的)
20. 一个体面的胜利者总是试图以不超过一两分的优势击败对手,以示对对方的尊重。
A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) ________________.
在我们生活的许多方面,总有值得尊敬的人。关于我最尊敬的人,我不得不提到我的数学老师。我因为他的慷慨大方和乐于帮助在困难中的我们而尊敬他。
________21________, there are always ____22____ people. ________23________, I have to mention my maths teacher. I ________24________ and willingness to help us in trouble.
5 responsible adj.(对事故、错误、罪行等)负有责任的,应承担责任的(irresponsible adj. 不负责任的 responsibly adv. 负责任地responsibility n. 责任)
25. Currently facing a series of challenging issues, we have no option but to settle them ________ and we mustn’t be ________. (responsible) (所给词的适当形式填空)
26. 呼吁你们每个人立即采取行动来建设低碳校园是我的责任。
________________ to build a low-carbon campus.
27. 孔子是闻名世界的中国历史人物,他教导我们要对自己的行为负责,成为有道德的人。
Confucius, a world-famous Chinese historical figure, ________________ our own behavior and become moral people.
6 aim v. 瞄准;力求达到n. 目标;目的(aimless adj. 无目标的aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地)
28. Feeling as if he were thrown into the world of sadness, the frustrated athlete drags his feet ________ (aimless) on the track. (所给词的适当形式填空)
29. 我抓起一块石头,瞄准狼,拼尽全力把石头扔出去,试图把狼吓走。
I seized a stone, ________________ and threw it out with all my might, seeking to scare the wolf away.
30. 我写这封信的目的是为你提供一些关于如何建设“绿色北京”的切实可行的建议。
I am writing ________________ on how to build a “Green Beijing”.
31. 作为一名在英国学校的交换生,我很高兴听到即将成立的旨在促进中英两国文化交流的汉语工作坊的消息。
①As an exchange student in a British school, I am thrilled to hear about the upcoming Chinese Workshop ________________ between China and the UK. (定语从句)
②As an exchange student in a British school, I am thrilled to hear about the upcoming Chinese Workshop ________________ between China and the UK. (分词作定语)
7 settle v. 定居;解决(问题);和解,结束(争论)(settler n. 定居者settlement n. 解决;定居点)
32. He sighed disappointedly, “Since I settled ________in this big city, I have had no option but to settle ________a life of poor quality.” (用适当的词填空)
33. 得知你每天有那么多的问题要解决,我建议你着手认真解决那些最紧急的问题。
Learning that ________________, I suggest that ________________.
34. 他们冲下车,搭起帐篷,舒适地坐在草地上,欣赏着周围惊人的景象。
They dashed out of the car, put up the tent and ________________, enjoying the surrounding breathtaking sights.
35. Eva向后仰着头,嘴角露出一丝微笑,高兴地说:“我终于适应了新的学校生活。”
Eva tilted her head back, a slight smile coming to her lips, saying delightedly, “________________.”
8 be+ adj. + to do... But for Alistair, his decision was easy to explain: ... 但是对阿利斯泰尔而言,他的决定很容易解释:……
36. 他们内心的冰似乎很难融化,一种无助的感觉像洪水一样席卷了我。
It seemed that ________________ and a feeling of helplessness washed over me like a flood.
37. 海边的空气呼吸起来很舒服,我们光着脚漫步在金色的沙滩上,谈笑风生。
________________ and we wander on the golden beach in bare feet, chatting and laughing.
38. 我不仅容易相处而且也乐意帮助处在困境中的人。
①I am not only ________________ but also willing to help others in trouble.
②________________________________________________________________(用倒装句改写)
用法点拨 在该结构中,若不定式为不及物动词,其后应加上相应的介词。
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ. 一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
The main character① of the book written in Chinese characters② is the description of famous characters③ in the sports field who have a strong character④. After all, sports are good for character⑤ building.
①____39____ ②____40____ ③____41____ ④____42____ ⑤____43____
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
With the College Entrance Examinations approaching①, we students approach② our teachers for advice, who can offer us some scientific approaches③ to approaching④ our problems.
①____44____ ②____45____ ③ ____46____ ④ ____47____
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
Between Italy and France, there is a mountain range① called the Alps, where a range② of animals range③ all the way freely and happily, ranging④ from western red deer to Alpine Marmot (阿尔卑斯旱獭). As the animals expand their range⑤ into more places, we have more opportunities to observe them at close range⑥.
①____48____ ②____49____ ③____50____ ④____51____ ⑤____52____ ⑥____53____
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
I particularly like a feature① on digital humans in today’s newspaper whose 3D faces are modeled on actual human features②. Digital humans feature③ smart virtual movements and with the development of AI, they possess more lifelike human features④. In summary, digital humans feature⑤ in modern technological world; that is, they play an important role nowadays.
①____54____ ②____55____③____56____ ④____57____ ⑤____58____
Ⅱ. 单元知识运用
59. I am aware that my son has a talent ________ music, so I instantly contact a musical organization to further strengthen his ability. (用适当的词填空)
60. ________ (judge) from his negative attitude towards maths, he must have suffered an entire failure in the exam.(所给词的适当形式填空)
61. To express my ________ (apologize), I intend to buy you a brand-new dictionary. (所给词的适当形式填空)
62. Facing such a confusing problem, I have no option but ________ (turn) to you for assistance. (所给词的适当形式填空)
63. It is recognised that we can make obvious progress by ________ (focus) on what we are doing. (所给词的适当形式填空)
64. ________ is obvious that creativity and carefulness play a crucial role in the building of subways, highways and motorways. (用适当的词填空)
65. Actually, it is typical ________ him to think about helping others in need, and this is why I admire him. (用适当的词填空)
66. Based on your recent performance, I can say with certainty that you are ________ (suit) for the position. (所给词的适当形式填空)
67. I must remind you that everyone has ________ (strength) and weaknesses, so never make blind comments on others. (所给词的适当形式填空)
68. The club provides different types of activities, ________ (range) from mountain climbing to playing basketball. (所给词的适当形式填空)
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练———家庭生活
69. 你是明启中学的高三学生李明,你们学校英语 报开设了一个“排忧解难”专栏,你的校友Lynn发出求助,请根据她的来信写封回信。写作要求:
1. 提出你的建议;
2. 说明你的理由。
注意:词数80词左右。
Lynn来信的主要内容如下:
I’m a high school student. I want to do some cooking, but my parents don’t allow me to do so. How can I change their minds?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【完成句子】
70. 我写信的目的是给你一些关于如何说服你父母的建议。(with the aim of;疑问词+to do) (汉译英)
________________________________________________________________
71. 你最好耐心地和他们沟通,这被认为是解决问题的最好方法之一。 (assume;approach;settle;非限制性定语从句) (汉译英)
________________________________________________________________
72. 你可以向他们保证,你已经长大了,可以对自己的行为负责,以解除他们对你的安全的担忧。 (responsible;同位语从句;现在分词短语作状语) (汉译英)
________________________________________________________________
73. 假设你接受了上面的建议,你会发现你父母的消极态度很容易改变。 (assuming that;主语+be+adj.+to do) (汉译英)
________________________________________________________________
74. 你的父母不仅会尊重你的爱好,还会给你一些指导。(respect;not only ... but also ...;部分倒装)(汉译英)
________________________________________________________________
语料运用【家庭生活】
根据所给中文提示完成下面的短文。
On the morning of Mother’s Day, the twins got up really early, tiptoed to the kitchen and settled down to cooking a delicious breakfast for their beloved mother ___75___ (定语从句). However, seeing the burnt bread, they sighed in disappointment. ___76___ (强调句型). Learning that he would help them, the twins jumped up and down, ___77___ (with的复合结构). Then they carried the breakfast, advanced upstairs and woke up their mother. Seeing what the twins had done, she couldn’t contain her thrill and embraced them tightly, ___78___ (独立主格). She murmured lovingly, “___79___ (升华句).”
母亲节的早晨,这对双胞胎起得很早,蹑手蹑脚地走进厨房,为他们深爱的、有着光滑的皮肤、乌黑的直发的母亲着手做了一顿美味的早餐。然而,看到烧焦的面包,他们失望地叹了口气。就在那时,他们的父亲来到他们跟前。得知他会帮助他们,双胞胎跳上跳下,眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。然后他们端着早餐,上楼叫醒了母亲。看到双胞胎所做的一切,她无法抑制自己的激动,紧紧地拥抱着他们,激动的泪水不受控制地顺着她的脸颊滚落。她深情地柔声说:“爱确实有神奇的力量。”
必修第一册
UNIT 3 Family matters
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. on##upon
2. Professional
3. his 4. Though##Although##While
5. which 6. admiration
7. observes
8. patiently
9. settling
10. to bridge
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对优秀哥哥的敬佩与哥哥对自己的积极影响。
【1题详解】
考查介词。句意:一年到头,他穿着西装,通常将注意力集中在工作上,并且尊重身边的每一个人。focus one’s attention on/upon sth.“将注意力集中于某事”,固定搭配。故填on/upon。
【2题详解】
考查形容词。句意:他专业且有责任心,从不忽略细节,因此在他的领域里确实很成功。此处与形容词responsible并列作状语,修饰主语he,需用形容词形式responsible,意为“有责任心的”,句首首字母大写。故填Professional。
【3题详解】
考查代词。句意:他专业且有责任心,从不忽略细节,因此在他的领域里确实很成功。此处修饰名词field,需用形容词性物主代词his,意为“他的”。故填his。
【4题详解】
考查连词。句意:虽然他不是运动员,但他定期参加一系列体育赛事,并且经常领先。前后分句呈现让步转折逻辑,应用though/although/while引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然,尽管”,句首首字母大写。故填Though/Although/While。
【5题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:上周日他甚至获得了一枚金牌,这显然为他赢得了无数赞美。“... obviously won him millions of compliments”为非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句内容,关系词在从句中作主语,需用which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
【6题详解】
考查名词。句意:我把他当作榜样,内心充满敬佩,更喜欢和他聊媒体上的各种话题。形容词inner后接名词,admire的名词形式为admiration,意为“敬佩”,不可数名词。故填admiration。
【7题详解】
考查动词时态。句意:无论他多忙,每年都会记得我的生日。根据时间状语“every year”可知,时态为一般现在时,主语he是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填observes。
【8题详解】
考查副词。句意:每当我遇到有挑战性的问题时,他都会耐心地告诉我一些解决问题的实用方法。此处修饰动词tell,需用副词形式,patient的副词形式为patiently,意为“耐心地”。故填patiently。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:每当我遇到有挑战性的问题时,他都会耐心地告诉我一些解决问题的实用方法。approach to doing sth.“做某事的方法”,此处to为介词,后接动名词形式。故填settling。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:即使失败,我也不会叹息,反而我会全力以赴弥补差距,坚持最初的选择。go all out to do sth.“全力以赴做某事”,此处用不定式表目的。故填to bridge。
突破·核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 focus vi. & vt.(把……)集中(于);(使)调节焦距n. 中心;重点;焦点
【11题答案】
【答案】on##upon
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:显然,这场以“中国第一印象”为主题的比赛吸引了数百万观众。“focus on/upon”是固定搭配,意为“集中于;聚焦于”,符合“以……为主题”的语境。故填on/upon。
【12题答案】
【答案】With so many people focusing their eyes on/upon me
【解析】
【详解】考查with复合结构。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“这么多人都盯着我看”;使用with复合结构作伴随状语,结构为“with + 宾语 + 现在分词”;“这么多人”译为so many people,作宾语;与动词短语focus one’s eyes on/upon(盯着……看)是主动关系,故用现在分词focusing;句首单词首字母需大写。故填With so many people focusing their eyes on/upon me。
【13题答案】
【答案】became the focus of the attention
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“成了……关注的焦点”;句子陈述过去发生的事情,时态为一般过去时;“成为焦点”常见表达为become the focus of the attention,become的过去式为became。故填became the focus of the attention。
2 approach v. 走近,靠近,临近;接洽;要求;着手处理 n. 接近;通路;方法
【14题答案】
【答案】 ①. approaching ②. At the approach of the Spring Festival/As the Spring Festival approached
【解析】
【详解】考查with的复合结构和句型转换。句意:随着春节的临近,我们难以抑制内心的激动。第一空,“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构中,逻辑主语the Spring Festival与approach之间是主动关系,需用现在分词approaching作宾语补足语;将with的复合结构转换为时间状语从句As the Spring Festival approached,用as引导,描述过去发生的事,用一般过去时,或转换为介词短语At the approach of the Spring Festival,at the approach of ... 表示“在……即将来临之际”。故填①approaching;②As the Spring Festival approached/At the approach of the Spring Festival。
【15题答案】
【答案】the approach to telling directions
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“这个辨别方向的方法”;“……的方法”翻译为the approach to doing sth.,其中to是介词,后接动名词形式;“辨别方向”翻译为tell directions,tell的动名词形式是telling。故填the approach to telling directions。
【16题答案】
【答案】This approach spared me the discomfort of having to over-explain
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配、非谓语动词和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空出需填“这种方法使我免去了不得不过度解释的不适”;句子描述过去的经历,用一般过去时:“这种方法”翻译为This approach,在句中作主语,句首首字母大写;“使我免去了……的不适”使用固定搭配spare sb. the discomfort of doing sth.意为“使某人免去做某事的不适”,spare的过去式为spared。“不得不过度解释”翻译为having to over-explain,此处用动名词形式作介词of的宾语;“过度解释”译为over-explain。 故填This approach spared me the discomfort of having to over-explain。
3 assume vt. 假定,假设;设想;认为;担任,承担[assumption n. 假定,假设;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得 assuming conj. 假定,假设]
【17题答案】
【答案】to be
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他被认为是其领域内最尽职尽责的律师之一。此处考查固定结构be assumed to do sth.,被认为是……/被认为做某事,在被动语态中,不定式to do作主语补足语。故填to be。
【18题答案】
【答案】assuming (that)/on the assumption that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Council
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词被动语态和固定表达。句子陈述假设情境,“假设”可表达为现在分词短语assuming (that) 或介词短语on the assumption that,引导条件状语;“我被选为”需用被动语态I am chosen to be;“学生会主席”译为固定表达chairman of the Student Council,在句中作主语补足语。故填assuming (that)/on the assumption that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Council。
【19题答案】
【答案】It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves but also it can strengthen our memory.
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句和倒装句。句意:人们认为喝中国茶不仅可以提神醒脑,还可以增强记忆力。结合题目要求,将原句改写为用it作形式主语的句式,可将People assume that ...改写为It is generally assumed that ...结构;同时在that引导的主语从句中,not only置于句首时,其后句子需部分倒装,其结构为“not only + 助动词/情态动词/be 动词 + 主语 + 谓语剩余部分”,此处将情态动词can提至主语drinking Chinese tea之前,but also后句子保持正常语序。故改写为It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves but also it can strengthen our memory。
4 respect v. 尊敬,敬重n. 方面;尊重;敬意;问候(常用复数)(respectable adj. 值得尊敬的;体面的,得体的respectful adj. 表示敬意的,尊敬的)
【20题答案】
【答案】of respect for the other side
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,此处需表达“对对方的尊重”。“对……的尊重”用of respect for ... 表达,“对方”可译为the other side。故填of respect for the other side。
【21~24题答案】
【答案】21. In many respects of our life
22. respectable
23. With respect to/In respect of the person I respect/show respect for most
24. respect him for his generosity
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者最尊敬的人——数学老师,并阐述了尊敬他的原因,体现了对老师的敬佩与感激之情。
【21题详解】
考查介词短语。根据对应句子可知,此处表示“在我们生活的许多方面”,“在……方面”用介词短语in many respects of ... 表达,“我们的生活”译为our life,句首首字母需大写。故填In many respects of our life。
【22题详解】
考查形容词。根据对应句子可知,此处修饰名词people,表示“值得尊敬的”,用形容词respectable作定语。故填respectable。
【23题详解】
考查介词短语与定语从句。根据对应句子可知,此处表示“关于我最尊敬的人”,可用介词短语With respect to/In respect of引出话题,表“关于”,后接定语从句“我最尊敬的人”,译为the person (that/who/whom) I respect/show respect for most ,关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略;根据“have”可知,用一般现在时。故填With respect to/In respect of the person I respect/show respect for most。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语与名词。根据对应句子可知,此处表示“因为他的慷慨大方而尊敬他”,用结构respect him for sth.表示“因……而尊敬他”,“他的慷慨大方”译为his generosity;根据“have”可知,时态应该保持一致,故用一般现在时。故填respect him for his generosity。
5 responsible adj.(对事故、错误、罪行等)负有责任的,应承担责任的(irresponsible adj. 不负责任的 responsibly adv. 负责任地responsibility n. 责任)
【25题答案】
【答案】 ①. responsibly ②. irresponsible
【解析】
【详解】考查词形容词和副词。句意:目前面临一系列具有挑战性的问题,我们别无选择,只能负责任地解决它们,我们绝不能不负责任。第一空修饰动词settle,应用副词形式responsibly;第二空作表语,根据句意表示“不负责任的”,应用形容词irresponsible。故填responsibly;irresponsible。
【26题答案】
【答案】It is my responsibility to appeal to/call on each of you to take immediate action
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词和动词短语。根据中英文对比,此处应填“呼吁你们每个人立即采取行动……是我的责任”;这是一种客观存在的责任、常态化的义务,用一般现在时。“是我的责任”可使用句型It is my responsibility to ...,it作形式主语,不定式做真正的主语,句首时首字母大写;“呼吁”可译为appeal to sb to do或call on sb to do,不定式作宾补;“你们每个人”译为each of you;“立即采取行动”译为take immediate action。故填It is my responsibility to appeal to/call on each of you to take immediate action.
【27题答案】
【答案】taught us to be responsible for/take responsibility for
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“教导我们要对……负责”;句子描述孔子的历史教诲,时态为一般过去时;“教导我们”翻译为taught us,在句中作谓语,动词teach用过去式taught;“对自己的行为负责”可译为be responsible for或take responsibility for,固定搭配teach sb. to do sth.表示“教导某人做某事”,不定式作宾语补足语,故填taught us to be responsible for/take responsibility for。
6 aim v. 瞄准;力求达到n. 目标;目的(aimless adj. 无目标的aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地)
【28题答案】
【答案】aimlessly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意:这位沮丧的运动员感觉自己仿佛被抛入了悲伤的世界,在跑道上漫无目的地磨蹭。空格前有动词短语drags his feet,此处应填副词形式作状语,修饰动词短语。aimless的副词为aimlessly,意为“漫无目的地”。故填aimlessly。
【29题答案】
【答案】aimed (it) at the wolf
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。分析句子结构,seized、空处动词与threw为并列谓语,描述过去发生的连续动作,需使用一般过去时;“瞄准……”为固定搭配aim ... at ...,此处指代前文的a stone,可用代词it或省略,aim的过去式为aimed。故填aimed (it) at the wolf。
【30题答案】
【答案】with the aim of offering you some practical suggestions
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、介词短语和动词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,此处表示“为了给你提供一些切实可行的建议”,“为了……的目的”可用介词短语with the aim of表达,“提供一些切实可行的建议”为offer you some practical suggestions,其中of为介词,后接offer的动名词形式offering。故填with the aim of offering you some practical suggestions。
【31题答案】
【答案】 ① which/that aims to promote/aims at promoting/is aimed at promoting cultural exchanges ②. aiming to promote/aiming at promoting/aimed at promoting cultural exchanges
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和非谓语动词。第一空的先行词为the upcoming Chinese Workshop,需用关系代词which/that引导定语从句并在从句中作主语;“旨在做某事”可表达为aim to do sth.、aim at doing sth. 或be aimed at doing sth.,从句描述工作坊的客观目的,用一般现在时;“促进文化交流”译为promote cultural exchanges,故第一空填which/that aims to promote/aims at promoting/is aimed at promoting cultural exchanges。第二空the upcoming Chinese Workshop与“旨在”存在逻辑关系:若表主动,用现在分词aiming(构成aiming to do/aiming at doing)作后置定语;若表被动,固定搭配be aimed at可转化为过去分词aimed at(构成aimed at doing)作后置定语;“文化交流”译为cultural exchanges,故第二空填aiming to promote/aiming at promoting/aimed at promoting cultural exchanges。故填①which/that aims to promote/aims at promoting/is aimed at promoting cultural exchanges;②aiming to promote/aiming at promoting/aimed at promoting cultural exchanges。
7 settle v. 定居;解决(问题);和解,结束(争论)(settler n. 定居者settlement n. 解决;定居点)
【32题答案】
【答案】 ①. down ②. for
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语搭配。句意:他失望地叹了口气:“自从我在这座大城市定居下来,我就别无选择,只能接受这种质量低下的生活。”“settle down”是固定搭配,意为“定居下来;安定下来”,符合“在这座大城市定居”的语境;“settle for”也是固定搭配,意为“勉强接受;将就”,对应“别无选择,只能接受质量低下的生活”的语义。故填①down;②for。
【33题答案】
【答案】 ①. you have so many problems to settle every day ②. you (should) settle down to settling the most urgent ones
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句、固定短语和虚拟语气。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处依次应填“有那么多的问题要解决”“你着手认真解决那些最紧急的问题”;小题①,从句陈述客观事实,用一般现在时;主语为you,谓语动词用have;“有那么多的问题要解决”表达为have so many problems to settle;“每天”译为every day,作时间状语置于句末;小题②,suggest后接宾语从句时,从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气,结构为(should) + 动词原形,should可省略;“着手/静下心来做某事”译为settle down to doing sth.其中to是介词,后接动名词形式;“最紧急的问题”译为the most urgent ones。故填①you have so many problems to settle every day;②you (should) settle down to settling the most urgent ones。
【34题答案】
【答案】settled down on the grass
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。“舒适地坐下或躺下”为“settle down ”,“在草地上”为“on the grass”,根据“dashed”和“put”可知,句子描述的为过去的事情,谓语动词使用一般过去时,故填settled down on the grass。
【35题答案】
【答案】I finally settled into the new school life
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“我终于适应了新的学校生活”;句子陈述过去发生的事情,直接引语使用一般过去时;I作主语,句首单词首字母大写;“终于”翻译为finally;“适应”常见表达为settled into,在句中作谓语,句子为一般过去时,动词使用过去式settled;“新的学校生活”翻译为the new school life,在句中作宾语。故填I finally settled into the new school life。
8 be+ adj. + to do... But for Alistair, his decision was easy to explain: ... 但是对阿利斯泰尔而言,他的决定很容易解释:……
【36题答案】
【答案】their inner ice was difficult/hard to melt away
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。根据英汉意思对比可知,此处需表达“他们内心的冰似乎很难融化”。“内心的冰”译为their inner ice;“很难做某事”可用be difficult/hard to do sth.结构表达,“融化”译为melt away,不定式作状语;结合后文washed可知时态为一般过去时,be动词用was。故填their inner ice was difficult/hard to melt away。
【37题答案】
【答案】The sea air is comfortable to breathe
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和语态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“海边的空气呼吸起来很舒服”;句子陈述事实,时态用一般现在时;“海边的空气”译为the sea air,在句中作主语;“做某事很舒服”用固定句型be comfortable to do sth.,此处用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义;“呼吸”译为breathe,在句中作不定式,句首单词首字母大写。故填The sea air is comfortable to breathe。
【38题答案】
【答案】 ①. easy to get along/on with; ②. Not only am I easy to get along/on with but also I am willing to help others in trouble
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和倒装句。根据英汉意思对比可知,第一空,表示“容易相处”可用easy to get along/on with,easy作表语,后接不定式to get along/on with主动形式表被动含义,说明主语的特征;第二空,使用not only ... but also ... 的倒装结构,当not only置于句首时,其后的主句需部分倒装,即把助动词am提到主语I之前,but also后的句子保持正常语序。故填①easy to get along/on with;②Not only am I easy to get along/on with but also I am willing to help others in trouble。
用法点拨 在该结构中,若不定式为不及物动词,其后应加上相应的介词。
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ. 一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
【39~43题答案】
【答案】39. n. 特色,特征
40. n. 文字 41. n. 人物,角色
42. n. 性格 43. n. 勇气,毅力
【解析】
【39题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:这本用汉字写成的书,其主要特征是描述体育界那些性格坚毅的知名人物。根据形容词“main”可知,character为名词,结合“... is the description of famous characters in the sports field who have a strong character.”这一语境可知,此处character意为“特色,特征”。故填:n. 特色,特征。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:这本用汉字写成的书,其主要特征是描述体育界那些性格坚毅的知名人物。characters与Chinese搭配,构成固定表达Chinese characters,汉字,此处character意为“文字”。故填:n. 文字。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:这本用汉字写成的书,其主要特征是描述体育界那些性格坚毅的知名人物。根据形容词“famous”可知,character为名词,结合“in the sports field”可知,此处character意为“人物,角色”。故填:n. 人物,角色。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:这本用汉字写成的书,其主要特征是描述体育界那些性格坚毅的知名人物。character与strong搭配,描述人的内在品性,此处character意为“性格”。故填:n. 性格。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:毕竟,运动有助于勇气塑造。character与building搭配,构成固定表达character building,勇气/毅力培养,此处character意为“勇气,毅力”。故填:n. 勇气,毅力。
【44~47题答案】
【答案】44. vi. 临近
45. vt. 请求 46. n. 方法
47. vt. 处理
【解析】
【44题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:随着高考的临近,我们这些学生会向老师寻求建议,而老师能够为我们提供一些解决问题的科学方法。approaching为现在分词,在句中作宾语补足语,意为“临近”。故填:vi. 临近。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义。句意同上。approach在句中作谓语动词,为及物动词,意为“请求”。故填:vt. 请求。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义。句意同上。复数名词approaches在句中作宾语,意为“方法”。故填:n. 方法。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义。句意同上。介词to后接动名词,在句中作宾语,为及物动词,意为“处理”。故填:vt. 处理。
【48~53题答案】
【答案】48. n. 山脉
49. n. 一系列 50. vi. 漫步,四处移动
51. vi. 包括 52. n. 范围,界限
53. n. 距离
【解析】
【48题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:在意大利和法国之间,有一条名为阿尔卑斯山脉的山脉,那里有一系列动物自由快乐地活动,从西部的马鹿到阿尔卑斯旱獭。range作there be结构中的主语,为名词。结合mountain可知,这里range表示“山脉”。故答案为:n. 山脉。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义。句意同上。根据前面的a和后面的of animals可知,这里指一系列动物,range为名词,表示“一系列”。故答案为:n. 一系列。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义。句意同上。range作where定语从句中的谓语,为动词。根据前面的animals和后面的all the way freely and happily可知,这里表示动物自由快乐地在山里漫步。range表示“漫步,四处移动”,为不及物动词。故答案为:vi. 漫步,四处移动。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义。句意同上。ranging ...为非谓语动词短语,结合后面的from western red deer to Alpine Marmot可知,动物的范围包括从西部的马鹿到阿尔卑斯旱獭这些动物。range表示“包括”,为不及物动词。故答案为:vi. 包括。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:随着动物的活动范围扩大到更多的地方,我们有更多的机会近距离观察它们。range作expand的宾语,为名词。根据前面的the animals expand their和后面的into more places可知,这里表示扩大活动范围。range表示“范围,界限”。故答案为:n. 范围,界限。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义。句意同上。range作at的宾语,为名词。根据前面的observe them at close可知,这里表示近距离观察。range表示“距离”。故答案为:n. 距离。
【54~58题答案】
【答案】54. n. (报纸、杂志等的)特写,专题节目
55. n. 面貌 56. vt. 以……为特色
57. n. 特征,特点
58. vi. 起重要作用,占重要地位
【解析】
【54题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:我特别喜欢今天报纸上一篇关于数字人类的特写,它的3D人脸是根据真实的人类面貌建模的。feature前面有a,这里为名词。根据后面的“on digital humans in today’s newspaper”可知,这里指报纸上的特写。故答案为:n. (报纸、杂志等的)特写,专题节目。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义。句意同上。features为复数,作on的宾语,为名词。根据前面的“3D faces”可知,这里指人类的面貌。故答案为:n. 面貌。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:数字人类的特色是有智能的虚拟动作,随着人工智能的发展,它们拥有更逼真的人类特征。feature作句子的谓语,为动词。根据“smart virtual movements”可知,数字人类具有智能的虚拟动作这一特色。feature意为“以……为特色”,为及物动词。故答案为:vt. 以……为特色。
【57题详解】
考查名词词义。句意同上。features为名词复数,作possess的宾语。根据前面的“they possess more lifelike human”可知,这里指数字人类会拥有更逼真的人类特征。故答案为:n. 特征,特点。
【58题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:总之,数字人类在现代技术世界中占有重要地位;也就是说,它们在当今社会发挥着重要作用。feature在句中作谓语,为动词。根据“that is, they play an important role nowadays”可知,数字人类在现代技术世界中占有重要地位。此句中的feature为不及物动词。故答案为:vi. 起重要作用,占重要地位。
Ⅱ. 单元知识运用
【59题答案】
【答案】for
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:我知道我的儿子在音乐方面有天赋,所以我立刻联系一个音乐机构来进一步提升他的能力。have a talent for ...是固定短语,意为“在……方面有天赋”,介词for用于引出天赋所对应的领域或对象。故填for。
【60题答案】
【答案】Judging
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:从他对数学的消极态度来看,他这次考试肯定是一无所获,彻底失败了。表示“从……来看”短语为judging from,在句中作状语,注意首字母大写。故填Judging。
【61题答案】
【答案】apology
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:为了表达我的歉意,我打算给你买一本全新的词典。形容词性物主代词my后需接名词,所给词apologize是动词,其名词形式为apology,意为“歉意、道歉”,不可数名词。故填apology。
【62题答案】
【答案】to turn
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:面对一个如此困惑的问题,我除了向你求助别无选择。have no option but to do是固定短语,意为“除了做……别无选择”。故填to turn。
【63题答案】
【答案】focusing
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:人们公认,我们可以通过专注于正在做的事来取得明显进步。介词by后需接动名词作宾语,表达“通过做某事” 的含义,因此将动词focus变为动名词形式focusing,与介词on构成固定短语,意为“专注于”。故填focusing。
【64题答案】
【答案】It
【解析】
【详解】考查形式主语。句意:很明显,创造力和细心在地铁、公路和高速公路的建设中起着至关重要的作用。在英语中,当句子真正的主语是that引导的从句时,为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用It作形式主语,构成固定句型It is obvious that ...“很明显……”,其中It只是形式上的主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句。故填It。
【65题答案】
【答案】of
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:事实上,考虑去帮助有需要的人是他的典型特点,这也是我敬佩他的原因。此处是“it is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.”结构,当形容词描述人的品质、性格、行为特征时,用of,当形容词描述事情的性质、难度、重要性时,用for,typical描述人的性格特征,用of。故填of。
【66题答案】
【答案】suitable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:基于你近期的表现,我可以肯定地说你适合这个职位。根据句意可知,be suitable for是固定搭配,意为“适合……”,因此需将动词suit转换为形容词形式suitable作表语。故填suitable。
【67题答案】
【答案】strengths
【解析】
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:我必须提醒你,每个人都有优点和缺点,所以不要盲目评价他人。句中strength与weaknesses并列作has的宾语,weaknesses为复数形式,且strength表“优点、长处”时为可数名词,需用复数形式strengths与weaknesses对应。 故填strengths。
【68题答案】
【答案】ranging
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这个俱乐部提供不同类型的活动,从爬山到打篮球。句子已有谓语动词provides,且无连词,因此空处需用非谓语形式;“range from ... to ...”表示“从……到……不等”与逻辑主语activities之间是主动关系,需用现在分词作伴随状语,所以用range的现在分词形式ranging。故填ranging。
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练———家庭生活
【69题答案】
【答案】参考范文
Dear Lynn,
I’m terribly sorry to hear that you are caught in a situation in which you are not allowed to cook by parents. I am writing with the aim of offering you some advice on how to convince your parents.
First of all, you’d better communicate with them patiently, which is assumed to be one of the best approaches to settling a problem. It would be beneficial to explain to them the reasons why cooking appeals to you, which will make them empathize with you. Meanwhile, you can make a promise to them that you are old enough to be responsible for your own behavior, removing their concern about your safety. Furthermore, you can highlight the healthy lifestyle.
Assuming that you take the above suggestions, you will find that your parents’ negative attitude is easy to change. Not only will your parents respect your hobby but they also will provide you with some guidance. I sincerely hope my suggestions are of great help.
Yours,
Li Ming
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以明启中学高三学生李明的身份,给校友Lynn写一封回信,针对她想学习做饭却遭父母反对的问题,提出建议并说明理由,投稿至校英语报“排忧解难”专栏。
【详解】1.词汇积累
抱歉的:sorry → regretful
方法:approach → method
有益的:beneficial → advantageous
承诺:promise → commitment
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句:Furthermore, you can highlight the healthy lifestyle.
拓展句:Furthermore, you are supposed to highlight the healthy lifestyle.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m terribly sorry to hear that you are caught in a situation in which you are not allowed to cook by your parents.(运用了that引导的宾语从句和in which引导的定语从句)
【高分句型2】Assuming that you take the above suggestions, you will find that your parents’negative attitude is easy to change.(运用了assuming that引导的条件状语从句和that引导的宾语从句)
【完成句子】
【70题答案】
【答案】I am writing with the aim of offering you some advice on how to convince your parents.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配、非谓语动词和时态。句子用现在进行时,强调此时此刻正在做的事;“我”翻译为I,句首单词首字母大写;“写信”翻译为am writing,用现在进行时结构be + 现在分词,主语为I,be动词用am,write的现在分词为writing;“目的是”用固定搭配with the aim of,后接动名词作宾语;“给你一些建议”翻译为offering you some advice,offer变为动名词形式offering,advice为不可数名词;“关于如何说服你父母”用疑问词 + to do结构,即on how to convince your parents,作后置定语修饰advice。故译为I am writing with the aim of offering you some advice on how to convince your parents.
【71题答案】
【答案】You’d better communicate with them patiently, which is assumed to be one of the best approaches to settling a problem.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、非限制性定语从句、固定搭配和非谓语动词。“你最好做某事”用固定句型You’d better do sth.;“和他们沟通”译为communicate with them,“耐心地”用副词patiently修饰动词短语;后半句用非限制性定语从句,用关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容;“被认为是”用固定搭配be assumed to be;“……的最好方法之一”译为one of the best approaches to ...,其中to是介词,后接动名词形式;“解决问题”用settle a problem,settle变为动名词settling。故翻译为You’d better communicate with them patiently, which is assumed to be one of the best approaches to settling a problem.
【72题答案】
【答案】You can make a promise to them that you are old enough to be responsible for your own behavior, removing their concern about your safety.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、同位语从句和现在分词短语作状语。句子陈述建议,时态用一般现在时;You作主语;“可以向他们保证”翻译为can make a promise to them,在句中作谓语和宾语;“你已经长大了,可以对自己的行为负责”是同位语从句,对promise进行解释说明,需用that引导,that在从句中不作成分;“足够大”翻译为old enough,“对自己的行为负责”翻译为be responsible for your own behavior;“解除他们对你的安全的担忧”是“向他们保证”这一动作带来的自然结果,需用现在分词短语作结果状语,“解除”翻译为removing,“对……的担忧”翻译为concern about,句首单词首字母大写。故填You can make a promise to them that you are old enough to be responsible for your own behavior, removing their concern about your safety.
【73题答案】
【答案】Assuming that you take the above suggestions, you will find that your parents’ negative attitude is easy to change.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、固定句型和时态。句子陈述假设情境,“假设你接受了上面建议”用现在分词短语Assuming that ...引导条件状语从句,“接受建议”译为take the above suggestions;主句“你会发现”用一般将来时you will find that ...;“你父母的消极态度很容易改变”使用“主语+be+adj.+to do”结构,“消极态度”译为negative attitude,“容易改变”译为is easy to change,符合“某事很容易被做”的主动表被动用法。故翻译为Assuming that you take the above suggestions, you will find that your parents’ negative attitude is easy to change.
【74题答案】
【答案】Not only will your parents respect your hobby but they also will provide you with some guidance.
【解析】
【详解】考查部分倒装、固定句型和时态。句子陈述将来的情况,用一般将来时。“不仅……还……”用固定结构not only ... but also ...,当not only位于句首时,句子需部分倒装,即将助动词will提到主语your parents之前;“尊重你的爱好”译为respect your hobby,“给你一些指导”用固定搭配provide you with some guidance;but also后的分句保持正常语序,即but they also will provide you with some guidance。 故翻译为:Not only will your parents respect your hobby but they also will provide you with some guidance.
语料运用【家庭生活】
【75~79题答案】
【答案】75. who/that had smooth skin and straight black hair
76. It was at that time that their father approached them
77. with their eyes twinkling with excitement
78. tears of excitement streaming down her cheeks uncontrollably
79. Love indeed has magical power
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了母亲节早晨,双胞胎为母亲准备早餐,虽遇小波折但在父亲帮助下完成,最终让母亲深受感动的温馨故事。
【75题详解】
考查定语从句。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“有着光滑的皮肤、乌黑的直发的”,用于修饰先行词mother;先行词指人,可用关系代词who/that引导定语从句,句子描述过去发生的事,时态用一般过去时,“有着光滑的皮肤、乌黑的直发”译为had smooth skin and straight black hair。故填who/that had smooth skin and straight black hair。
【76题详解】
考查强调句型。根据英汉意思对比及题目要求可知,空处需用强调句型It is/was + 被强调部分 + that ...;被强调部分为“就在那时”,译为at that time,句子描述过去发生的事,be动词用was,“他们的父亲来到他们跟前”译为their father approached them。故填It was at that time that their father approached them。
【77题详解】
考查with的复合结构。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒”;with的复合结构为“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”,“眼睛”译为their eyes,“闪烁着兴奋的光芒”与eyes之间是主动关系,需用现在分词twinkling作宾语补足语。故填with their eyes twinkling with excitement。
【78题详解】
考查独立主格结构。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“激动的泪水不受控制地顺着她的脸颊滚落”;独立主格结构由“名词 + 现在分词”构成,“激动的泪水”译为tears of excitement,“不受控制地顺着她的脸颊滚落”与tears之间是主动关系,需用现在分词streaming作谓语,“不受控制地”译为uncontrollably。故填tears of excitement streaming down her cheeks uncontrollably。
【79题详解】
考查时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“爱确实有神奇的力量”;句子陈述一般性事实,时态用一般现在时,“爱”译为Love,“确实”译为indeed,“有神奇的力量”译为has magical power。故填Love indeed has magical power。
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