Unit 1 This is me 现在完成时（I）（核心语法精练）英语新教材外研版八年级上册

**基本信息** 该专项以“概念-用法-对比”逻辑链为核心，通过表格化知识梳理与分层题型训练，系统构建现在完成时（I）方法体系，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|3大表格|用法分类（4类）+标志词体系+时态对比|定义→结构→场景化用法→易混时态辨析| |考点夯基|约40题|标志词定位法+延续性动词转换技巧|基础结构应用→句式转换→语境表达| |综合提升|2篇语篇|语篇时态一致性判断|单句语法→语篇综合运用|

Unit 1 This is me 核心语法精练 （现在完成时（I）） 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 二、单项选择 4 三、完成句子 4 四、句型转换 5 一、语法选择 6 二、短文填空 7 现在完成时（I） 现在完成时概念与结构 维度 内容 时态定义 表示过去发生、并对现在造成影响/结果的动作；或从过去持续到现在的动作/状态 核心关键词 过去发生，关联现在，不强调动作具体发生时间 主语为第三人称单数时的肯定句 主语 + has + 过去分词(done) 例：She has finished homework. 主语为非三单时的肯定句 主语 + have + 过去分词(done) 例：I have cleaned the room. 否定句 主语 + have/has + not (haven’t/hasn’t) + 过去分词 例：They haven’t arrived. 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 简答：Yes, 主语+have/has. / No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 例：Where have you been? 现在完成时的用法 用法分类 用法解析 常用标志词 例句 1 已完成（对现在有结果） 过去做完的事，现在能看到结果，不说明具体过去时间 already, yet, just, recently I have just eaten breakfast.（我刚吃过早饭，现在不饿） Have you finished your work yet? 2 经历/经验（曾经做过） 人生到目前为止的经历，常搭配“次数” ever, never, once, twice, before I have never visited Beijing. She has seen this movie twice before. 3 持续动作（从过去延续至今） 动作从过去开始，持续到现在，动词必须用延续性动词 for + 时间段，since + 时间点 We have lived here for 5 years. He has studied English since 2020. 4 最近完成 强调刚刚结束的动作 so far, up to now, lately So far, we have learned 10 units. 现在完成时的时间标志词 类别 词汇/短语 使用说明 否定/疑问专用 yet 放句末，用于否定句、一般疑问句，表“已经” 肯定句专用 already, just 放have/has和过去分词中间，already也可放句末 经历类 ever, never, before ever曾经；never从未；before以前（无具体时间） 持续时长 for + 一段时间 since + 过去时间点 for后接时长；since后接年份/日期/过去句子 截止至今 so far, up to now 到目前为止，句首句末均可 现在完成时 VS 一般过去时 对比维度 现在完成时 一般过去时 时间逻辑 动作发生在过去，和现在有关，无明确过去时间点 单纯描述过去动作，和现在无关，有具体过去时间词 标志性时间 since, for, ever, yet, already, so far yesterday, last week, just now, in 2018, three days ago 例句 I have lost my key.（钥匙现在还丢着，没法开门） I lost my key yesterday.（昨天丢的，不关心现在是否找到） 一、单项选择 1．— Your uncle works in another city now. How long has he ________ Huai’an? — For nearly ten years. A．left B．been away C．away from D．been away from 2．—I haven’t seen your father for several days. —Oh, he ________ Suqian on business for a week. A．has been in B．has gone in C．has been to D．has gone to 3．I have ________ a lot since I entered junior high school. A．change B．changed C．changing D．changes 4．Over the past five years, more than five hundred thousand girls ________ financial support from CCTF to achieve their educational dreams. A．get B．got C．will get D．have got 5．—Where is your father? —He ________ to Beijing on business. He ________ there twice. A．has gone; has been B．has been; has gone C．has gone; has gone D．has been; has been 6．We haven’t seen each other ________ we graduated from primary school. A．for B．since C．when D．before 7．My grandparents ________ the Great Wall before and they hope to go there again. A．have gone to B．have been to C．has gone to D．has been to 8．Great changes ________ in my hometown since 2010. A．took place B．have taken place C．were taken place D．have been taken place 9．The doctor told him that he should give up smoking as soon as possible, for he ________ for 20 years. A．used to smoke B．has smoked C．is used to smoking D．was used to smoking 10．My grandpa ________ in the countryside for 30 years, so he ________ the quiet life there. A．has lived; is used to B．used to live; is used to C．has lived; used to D．used to live; used to 二、单词拼写 11．I’ve never ________ (see) anything so beautiful. 12．They feel proud that they ________ (make) a difference at the beach. 13．I have just ________ (experience) a new way of learning. 14．I ________ (learn) a lot about teamwork since I joined the volunteer group. 15．China’s forest area has ________ (increase) a lot since 1978. 16．The number of students ________ (stay) the same for two years. 17．The population of the world has ________ (rise) quickly in the last 200 years. 18．The number of visitors __________ (rise) day by day recently. 19．The Internet ________ (bring) great changes to our lives in the past 20 years. 20．When I get home, I find that my brother has already ________ (finish) his homework. 三、完成句子 21．我从未见过如此美丽的东西！   I’ve ________ ________ anything so beautiful! 22．我妹妹已经习惯了每天早上读英语。 My sister ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ English every morning. 23．那位老人去世已经十年了。 The old man ________ ________ ________ for ten years. 24．这本书我已经借了三天了。 I ________ ________ this book for three days. 25．我选择了《金银岛》，但是我还没有读完它。 I chose Treasure Island, but I ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ . 26．她已下定决心加入学校艺术俱乐部，因为她喜欢画画。 She has already ________ ________ ________ ________ to join the school art club because she loves painting. 27．我已经学会接纳自己的缺点。 I ________ ________ to accept my shortcomings. 28．自从去年以来，我已经学了三百多个英文单词。 I ________ ________ over three hundred English words since last year. 29．自从去年夏天以来，她就一直在这个动物收容所帮忙。 She ________ ________ at this animal shelter ________ ________ last summer. 30．你当博物馆导游多久了？ ________ ________ have you ________ a guide at the museum? 四、句型转换 31．The film began ten minutes ago. The film ________ ________ ________ for ten minutes. 32．Mike bought the book 2 months ago. Mike ________ ________ the book for 2 months. 33．She joined the music club last year. She ________ ________ ________ the music club for a year. 34．She joined the Party in 2020. She ________ ________ a Party member ________ 2020. 35．My father went to Beijing three days ago. My father ________ ________ ________ Beijing for three days. 36．The old man has lived in this village since he was born. The old man has lived in this village ________ ________ ________. 37．Mike’s pet cat died 2 days ago. Mike’s pet cat _________ _________ _________ since 2 days ago. 38．The movie began ten minutes ago. The movie _________ _________ _________ for ten minutes. 39．The film began ten minutes ago. The film ________ ________ ________ for ten minutes. 40．I came to Beijing two days ago. I ________ ________ ________ Beijing for two days. 一、语法选择 I enjoy reading books. So far, I 1 lots of books. I love reading books that were written hundreds or even thousands of years ago. These are the literature classics (文学经典), and they 2 of great value. For example, The Iliad, written almost three thousand years ago, tells us about the good and bad qualities (品质) of human nature. That is to say, we can be heroic and silly at 3 same time. China has its own long history of classical literature that dates back to the “Four Books and Five Classics”. These 4 were written before the Qin Dynasty. No one was considered educated unless they had read these classics. Even today, students 5 to read The Analects of Confucius (《论语》). There are also 6 classics than those above, such as Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. Still, many people don’t want to read them 7 they are long and have complex plots (复杂的情节). But they are great stories 8 the goodness and weaknesses of human nature. Are you interested in learning more about the classics? Just reading some of them will give you a better understanding of the basis (基础) of culture. They will also help you better understand 9 and others. Slowly but surely, you will fall in love 10 them. 1．A．was reading B．will read C．read D．have read 2．A．are B．were C．was D．is 3．A．an B．a C．the D．/ 4．A．book’s B．books’ C．book D．books 5．A．encourage B．were encouraged C．are encouraged D．are encouraging 6．A．new B．newer C．the newest D．newest 7．A．because B．if C．until D．when 8．A．who shows B．who show C．which show D．which shows 9．A．yourself B．you C．them D．themselves 10．A．at B．with C．for D．on 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As we all know, the Yellow River is the 11 (two) longest river in China. Chinese people consider it as the “Mother River”. Its colour is different 12 other rivers. The colour is 13 (affect) by plenty of sediment (沉淀物) it carries. The Yellow River is of great 14 (important) to the Chinese civilization. It has been a water source for agriculture for thousands of years and keeps 15 (develop) our land. However, everything has two sides. The river has flooded many times in history and brought great damage to people. The Chinese government 16 (control) the floods by building a lot of dams along the river in the past few years. 17 (luck), the Yellow River is facing great challenges now, like pollution, overuse of water and so 18 . These problems are mainly caused by human activities. Taking good care of the Yellow River is every person’s duty. By working together, we believe that the Yellow River will become much 19 (good) in the future. Will it continue to be 20 symbol of Chinese culture and history? 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 This is me 核心语法精练 （现在完成时（I）） 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 二、单项选择 5 三、完成句子 7 四、句型转换 9 一、语法选择 11 二、短文填空 13 现在完成时（I） 现在完成时概念与结构 维度 内容 时态定义 表示过去发生、并对现在造成影响/结果的动作；或从过去持续到现在的动作/状态 核心关键词 过去发生，关联现在，不强调动作具体发生时间 主语为第三人称单数时的肯定句 主语 + has + 过去分词(done) 例：She has finished homework. 主语为非三单时的肯定句 主语 + have + 过去分词(done) 例：I have cleaned the room. 否定句 主语 + have/has + not (haven’t/hasn’t) + 过去分词 例：They haven’t arrived. 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 简答：Yes, 主语+have/has. / No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 例：Where have you been? 现在完成时的用法 用法分类 用法解析 常用标志词 例句 1 已完成（对现在有结果） 过去做完的事，现在能看到结果，不说明具体过去时间 already, yet, just, recently I have just eaten breakfast.（我刚吃过早饭，现在不饿） Have you finished your work yet? 2 经历/经验（曾经做过） 人生到目前为止的经历，常搭配“次数” ever, never, once, twice, before I have never visited Beijing. She has seen this movie twice before. 3 持续动作（从过去延续至今） 动作从过去开始，持续到现在，动词必须用延续性动词 for + 时间段，since + 时间点 We have lived here for 5 years. He has studied English since 2020. 4 最近完成 强调刚刚结束的动作 so far, up to now, lately So far, we have learned 10 units. 现在完成时的时间标志词 类别 词汇/短语 使用说明 否定/疑问专用 yet 放句末，用于否定句、一般疑问句，表“已经” 肯定句专用 already, just 放have/has和过去分词中间，already也可放句末 经历类 ever, never, before ever曾经；never从未；before以前（无具体时间） 持续时长 for + 一段时间 since + 过去时间点 for后接时长；since后接年份/日期/过去句子 截止至今 so far, up to now 到目前为止，句首句末均可 现在完成时 VS 一般过去时 对比维度 现在完成时 一般过去时 时间逻辑 动作发生在过去，和现在有关，无明确过去时间点 单纯描述过去动作，和现在无关，有具体过去时间词 标志性时间 since, for, ever, yet, already, so far yesterday, last week, just now, in 2018, three days ago 例句 I have lost my key.（钥匙现在还丢着，没法开门） I lost my key yesterday.（昨天丢的，不关心现在是否找到） 一、单项选择 1．— Your uncle works in another city now. How long has he ________ Huai’an? — For nearly ten years. A．left B．been away C．away from D．been away from 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你叔叔现在在另一座城市工作。他离开淮安多久了？——将近十年了。 How long与一段时间连用，句子要用现在完成时，且谓语动词必须是延续性动词。left是短暂性动词，不能和时间段连用；been away后面缺少地点介词；away from缺少be动词；been away from是延续性短语，可以和时间段连用，符合语法与语境。 2．—I haven’t seen your father for several days. —Oh, he ________ Suqian on business for a week. A．has been in B．has gone in C．has been to D．has gone to 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——我好几天没见到你父亲了。——哦，他去宿迁出差已经一周了。 has been in在某地待了多久，强调状态，常与一段时间连用；has gone in搭配错误；has been to去过某地，已回，不能与一段时间连用；has gone to去了某地，未回，不能与一段时间连用。句中“for a week”表示一段时间，说明爸爸仍在宿迁，应填has been in。 3．I have ________ a lot since I entered junior high school. A．change B．changed C．changing D．changes 【答案】B 【解析】句意：自从我进入初中以来，我已经改变了很多。 根据“since I entered junior high school”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，句子应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has +过去分词”，句中已有助动词have，空格处应填change的过去分词changed。 4．Over the past five years, more than five hundred thousand girls ________ financial support from CCTF to achieve their educational dreams. A．get B．got C．will get D．have got 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在过去的五年里，超过五十万名女孩从中国儿童少年基金会获得了经济支持来实现她们的教育梦想。 根据时间状语“Over the past five years”可知，动作从过去持续到现在或对现在造成影响，应用现在完成时。 5．—Where is your father? —He ________ to Beijing on business. He ________ there twice. A．has gone; has been B．has been; has gone C．has gone; has gone D．has been; has been 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你爸爸在哪里？——他去北京出差了，他已经去过那里两次了。 has gone to表示 “去了某地（还未返回）”；has been to表示 “去过某地（已返回）”。第一空表示人不在此处，用has gone；第二空表示去过的次数，用has been。 6．We haven’t seen each other ________ we graduated from primary school. A．for B．since C．when D．before 【答案】B 【解析】句意：自从小学毕业以来，我们就没见过面。 for后接一段时间；since从那时起至今；when当……时；before在……之前。主句为现在完成时，从句为一般过去时，since引导时间状语从句时，主句常用完成时，从句用一般过去时，表示 “自从…… 以来”，符合语境，故选B。 7．My grandparents ________ the Great Wall before and they hope to go there again. A．have gone to B．have been to C．has gone to D．has been to 【答案】B 【解析】句意： 我的祖父母以前去过长城，他们希望再去那里一次。 主语My grandparents是复数，因此助动词用have，排除选项C和D；句中before表示“以前”，结合后文 “they hope to go there again”可知，祖父母已经去过长城且现在已返回，have been to表示“曾经去过某地(现在已回来)”，符合语境；而have gone to表示“去了某地(现在还没回来)”，与语境矛盾。故选B。 8．Great changes ________ in my hometown since 2010. A．took place B．have taken place C．were taken place D．have been taken place 【答案】B 【解析】句意：自2010年以来，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 “since+时间点”是现在完成时的标志；take place为不及物动词短语，无被动语态，应填have taken place。 9．The doctor told him that he should give up smoking as soon as possible, for he ________ for 20 years. A．used to smoke B．has smoked C．is used to smoking D．was used to smoking 【答案】B 【解析】句意：医生告诉他应该尽快戒烟，因为他已经抽烟20年了。 used to smoke过去常常抽烟；has smoked已经抽烟；is used to smoking习惯于抽烟；was used to smoking习惯于抽烟。根据“for 20 years.”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时，应填has smoked。 10．My grandpa ________ in the countryside for 30 years, so he ________ the quiet life there. A．has lived; is used to B．used to live; is used to C．has lived; used to D．used to live; used to 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我爷爷在农村住了30年，所以他习惯了那里的宁静生活。 has lived已经住了（现在完成时）；used to live过去住；is used to习惯于（现在）；used to过去常常。第一空根据“for 30 years”可知，应用现在完成时，强调从过去持续到现在，has lived符合；第二空根据“so”可知，住久了的结果是现在习惯了，is used to符合语境。 二、单词拼写 11．I’ve never ________ (see) anything so beautiful. 【答案】seen 【解析】句意：我从未见过如此美丽的东西。根据“have”提示，此处为现在完成时，需填过去分词。see的过去分词是seen。 12．They feel proud that they ________ (make) a difference at the beach. 【答案】have made 【解析】句意：他们为自己在海滩上做出了贡献而感到自豪。主句为一般现在时，“做出贡献”发生在感到自豪之前，强调过去动作对现在产生的影响，要用现在完成时；结构为have/has+动词过去分词，主语是they，用have，make的过去分词是made。 13．I have just ________ (experience) a new way of learning. 【答案】experienced 【解析】句意：我刚刚体验了一种新的学习方式。句中的“just”是现在完成时的标志词，空前已经有助动词have，因此，空处应填experience的过去分词experienced。 14．I ________ (learn) a lot about teamwork since I joined the volunteer group. 【答案】have learned/have learnt 【解析】句意：自从我加入这个志愿者小组以来，我已经学到了很多关于团队合作的知识。根据“since I joined the volunteer group”可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语为I，助动词用have，learn的过去分词为learned或learnt。 15．China’s forest area has ________ (increase) a lot since 1978. 【答案】increased 【解析】句意：自1978年以来，中国的森林面积大幅增长。时间状语“since 1978”表明句子时态为现在完成时，结构为have/has+动词的过去分词，空前已有“have”，空处需用提示词的过去分词。故填increased。 16．The number of students ________ (stay) the same for two years. 【答案】has stayed 【解析】句意：学生的数量两年来一直保持不变。所给的词stay为动词，意为“保持”。句中时间状语for two years是现在完成时标志，主语The number of students表示“……的数量”，中心词是number，单数名词，现在完成时结构为has+动词过去分词，stay的过去分词是stayed，故填has stayed。 17．The population of the world has ________ (rise) quickly in the last 200 years. 【答案】risen 【解析】句意：在过去的200年里，世界人口增长迅速。所给的词rise为动词，意为“增长，上升”；句中有助动词has以及时间标志“in the last 200 years”，时态为现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 动词过去分词”，rise的过去分词是risen。 18．The number of visitors __________ (rise) day by day recently. 【答案】has risen 【解析】句意：游客的数量最近在日益增长。rise“增长”，为动词。主语“The number of …”表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；时间状语“recently”常与现在完成时连用，故填has risen。 19．The Internet ________ (bring) great changes to our lives in the past 20 years. 【答案】has brought 【解析】句意：互联网在过去20年里给我们的生活带来了巨大的变化。句中“in the past 20 years”为现在完成时的时间标志，表示从过去持续到现在的动作或影响，应用现在完成时。bring的过去分词为brought，主语The Internet为第三人称单数，助动词用has。 20．When I get home, I find that my brother has already ________ (finish) his homework. 【答案】finished 【解析】句意：当我回到家时，我发现弟弟已经写完作业了。already是现在完成时的标志词，题干已经给出助动词has，此处需要用finish的过去分词finished。 三、完成句子 21．我从未见过如此美丽的东西！   I’ve ________ ________ anything so beautiful! 【答案】 never seen 【解析】原句中“从未”是关键词，“从未”对应的英文表达是“never”，且“见过”是“seen”（see的过去分词），构成现在完成时的否定形式“have never seen”。故填never；seen。 22．我妹妹已经习惯了每天早上读英语。 My sister ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ English every morning. 【答案】 has been used to reading 【解析】原句中“已经习惯了(做某事)”和“读”是关键词。表示“习惯了(做某事)”的英文表达为“be used to doing sth.”，且“已经”提示动作从过去持续到现在，时态应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“My sister”为第三人称单数形式，助动词应用has，be的过去分词形式为been；“读”的英文表达为read，为动词，介词to后应接其对应的动名词形式reading。 23．那位老人去世已经十年了。 The old man ________ ________ ________ for ten years. 【答案】 has been dead 【解析】“去世”在英语中表示状态的延续时，需用延续性表达“be dead”，而非短暂性动词“die”。句中“for ten years”表示一段时间，需使用现在完成时“have/has been dead”。主语“The old man”是第三人称单数，因此助动词用has。故填has；been；dead。 24．这本书我已经借了三天了。 I ________ ________ this book for three days. 【答案】 have kept/had 【解析】原句中“借了三天”是关键词，表示持续性的“借（有）”，需用延续性动词keep/have而非短暂性动词borrow。句中“已经”和“for three days”表明本句使用现在完成时（have/has+过去分词），主语为I，助动词用have，keep的过去分词为kept，have的过去分词为had。 25．我选择了《金银岛》，但是我还没有读完它。 I chose Treasure Island, but I ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ . 【答案】 haven’t finished reading it yet 【解析】原句中“还没有读完它”是关键词。由“还没有”可知，过去发生的动作持续到现在，并且到现在仍未完成，强调对现在的影响（目前未读完），故句子使用现在完成时，且为否定句，现在完成时的否定句结构为have/has not + 过去分词，主语I用have not，缩写为haven’t；“读完”用finished reading，其中，finished是finish“完成”的过去分词，reading“阅读”是read的动名词，finish doing sth.“完成做某事”是固定表达；“它”用it，指代前句的“《金银岛》”；yet用于否定句末尾，表示“还（没）”。 26．她已下定决心加入学校艺术俱乐部，因为她喜欢画画。 She has already ________ ________ ________ ________ to join the school art club because she loves painting. 【答案】 made up her mind 【解析】对照中英文可知，关键词为“下定决心”。此句时态为现在完成时，结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”。“下定决心”的固定短语是 make up one’s mind；主语为She，对应的形容词性物主代词用her；make的过去分词为made，因此依次填入made；up；her；mind。 27．我已经学会接纳自己的缺点。 I ________ ________ to accept my shortcomings. 【答案】 have learnt/learned 【解析】句中缺失关键词“已经学会”，“已经”提示时态为现在完成时，结构为have+过去分词；learn过去分词是learnt/learned，主语I搭配have。故填have learnt。 28．自从去年以来，我已经学了三百多个英文单词。 I ________ ________ over three hundred English words since last year. 【答案】 have learnt/learned 【解析】原句中“已经学了”是关键词，句中时间状语“since last year”提示句子用现在完成时，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，现在完成时的结构为have/has+过去分词。主语是“I”，助动词应用have。“学”(learn) 的过去分词为learned或learnt。因此空处分别填have；learned/learnt。 29．自从去年夏天以来，她就一直在这个动物收容所帮忙。 She ________ ________ at this animal shelter ________ ________ last summer. 【答案】 has volunteered ever since 【解析】原句中“自从……以来”“帮忙”是关键词，ever since引导时间状语时主句要用现在完成进行时或现在完成时，主语she为第三人称单数，谓语结构为has volunteered，意为“帮忙”。 30．你当博物馆导游多久了？ ________ ________ have you ________ a guide at the museum? 【答案】How long been 【解析】原句中“多久、当（导游）”是关键词，询问时长用疑问词组how long；本句为现在完成时，“be+职业名词”，表示“成为……”，have后接过去分词been，因此依次填How；long；been。 四、句型转换 31．The film began ten minutes ago. The film ________ ________ ________ for ten minutes. 【答案】 has been on 【解析】句意：电影已经上映十分钟了。原句“began ten minutes ago”表示过去开始的动作，改为“for ten minutes”需用现在完成时，且动词要用延续性动词。begin是短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，故转换成be on表示“上映”的状态，主语The film为单数，用has been on。 32．Mike bought the book 2 months ago. Mike ________ ________ the book for 2 months. 【答案】 has had 【解析】句意：迈克两个月前买了书。改写句中有“for 2 months”表示持续的一段时间，需使用现在完成时。主语“Mike”是第三人称单数，助动词用has；buy是瞬间动词，在现在完成时中不能与时间段连用，需改为对应的延续性动词have“拥有”，have的过去分词是had。 33．She joined the music club last year. She ________ ________ ________ the music club for a year. 【答案】 has been in 【解析】句意：她去年加入了音乐俱乐部。原句“She joined the music club last year”表示过去发生的动作，改写为现在完成时需表达“从过去持续到现在的状态”。固定搭配has been in表示“已经在某地/某组织中（持续一段时间）”，与for a year搭配，符合语境。主语She为第三人称单数，助动词用has，故填has；been；in。 34．She joined the Party in 2020. She ________ ________ a Party member ________ 2020. 【答案】 has been since 【解析】原句句意：她在 2020 年入了党。改写后句意：她从 2020 年起就是一名党员了。原句“She joined the Party in 2020.”表示过去发生的短暂动作，改为同义句时需转换为现在完成时，用延续性状态表达“自2020年起的持续状态”。“join the Party”可转换为“be a Party member”，句子主语为She，助动词用has，因此前两空填has been；“2020”是时间起点，需用since引导，故第三空填since，故填 has；been；since。 35．My father went to Beijing three days ago. My father ________ ________ ________ Beijing for three days. 【答案】 has been in 【解析】句意：我爸爸三天前去了北京。for three days是现在完成时的时间段标志，短暂性动词go to需要转换为延续性短语be in；主语my father是第三人称单数，助动词选用has，be的过去分词是been。 36．The old man has lived in this village since he was born. The old man has lived in this village ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 all his life 【解析】句意：这位老人从出生起就住在这个村子里。since he was born“自从他出生以来”表示从过去某个起点一直持续到现在的完整时间段，与all his life“他的一生”语义完全等同，可直接替换。 37．Mike’s pet cat died 2 days ago. Mike’s pet cat _________ _________ _________ since 2 days ago. 【答案】 has been dead 【解析】句意：Mike的宠物猫2天前死了。原句中“died 2 days ago”表示“两天前死了”，是短暂性动作。改写句要求与“since 2 days ago”连用，“since”引导的时间状语需与现在完成时连用，且谓语动词必须为延续性动词或表示状态的词。表示“死亡”的延续性状态为“be dead”，故应填has been dead。 38．The movie began ten minutes ago. The movie _________ _________ _________ for ten minutes. 【答案】 has been on 【解析】句意：电影十分钟前开始。原句中“began ten minutes ago”表示“十分钟前开始”，是短暂性动作。改写句要求与“for ten minutes”连用，“for+时间段”需与现在完成时连用，且谓语动词必须为延续性动词或表示状态的词。表示电影“已经开始并持续放映”的延续性状态为“be on”，故应填has；been；on。 39．The film began ten minutes ago. The film ________ ________ ________ for ten minutes. 【答案】 has been on 【解析】句意：电影已经放映十分钟了。原句使用一般过去时表示短暂性动作“begin”，改为同义句时，可用现在完成时表示状态的持续，begin可转换为“be on”，与时间段“for ten minutes”连用。主语“The film”是第三人称单数，助动词用has；be的过去分词是been。故填has；been；on。 40．I came to Beijing two days ago. I ________ ________ ________ Beijing for two days. 【答案】 have been in 【解析】句意: 我两天前来到北京。原句时间状语是“two days ago”即一般过去时，改后的句子时间状语“for two days”表示持续了一段时间，需使用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”。现在完成时中，与“for+时间段”连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。原句中的come是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，需改为延续性状态be in“待在/在”。主语是“I”，助动词用“have”，be的过去分词是“been”，地点Beijing前用介词“in”。故三个空依次填入have、been、in。 一、语法选择 I enjoy reading books. So far, I 1 lots of books. I love reading books that were written hundreds or even thousands of years ago. These are the literature classics (文学经典), and they 2 of great value. For example, The Iliad, written almost three thousand years ago, tells us about the good and bad qualities (品质) of human nature. That is to say, we can be heroic and silly at 3 same time. China has its own long history of classical literature that dates back to the “Four Books and Five Classics”. These 4 were written before the Qin Dynasty. No one was considered educated unless they had read these classics. Even today, students 5 to read The Analects of Confucius (《论语》). There are also 6 classics than those above, such as Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. Still, many people don’t want to read them 7 they are long and have complex plots (复杂的情节). But they are great stories 8 the goodness and weaknesses of human nature. Are you interested in learning more about the classics? Just reading some of them will give you a better understanding of the basis (基础) of culture. They will also help you better understand 9 and others. Slowly but surely, you will fall in love 10 them. 1．A．was reading B．will read C．read D．have read 2．A．are B．were C．was D．is 3．A．an B．a C．the D．/ 4．A．book’s B．books’ C．book D．books 5．A．encourage B．were encouraged C．are encouraged D．are encouraging 6．A．new B．newer C．the newest D．newest 7．A．because B．if C．until D．when 8．A．who shows B．who show C．which show D．which shows 9．A．yourself B．you C．them D．themselves 10．A．at B．with C．for D．on 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．B 【解析】本文讲述了作者读书的经历和感悟。 1．句意：到目前为止，我已经读了很多书。 “So far”是现在完成时的标志，表示“到目前为止”，应用“have read”。 2．句意：它们是文学经典，非常有价值。 主语“they”是复数，且描述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时“are”。 3．句意：也就是说，我们可以同时既英勇又愚蠢。 “at the same time”是固定搭配，意为“同时”，用定冠词“the”。 4．句意：这些书写于秦朝之前。 前文提到“Four Books and Five Classics” (四书五经)，是书籍，且“These”后应接复数名词“books”。 5．句意：即使在今天，学生仍被鼓励阅读《论语》。 主语“students”与“encourage”之间为被动关系 (学生被鼓励)，应用被动语态，且描述一般现在情况，用“are encouraged”。 6．句意：还有比上述作品更新的经典，如《西游记》和《红楼梦》。 根据后文“than those above” (比上述作品)，应用比较级“newer”。 7．句意：不过，很多人不想读它们，因为它们篇幅长且情节复杂。 前后是因果关系，即：篇幅长、情节复杂是很多人不想读书的原因，用“because”表示原因。 8．句意：但它们是展现人性善与弱点的好故事。 “stories”后是定语从句，先行词是物，用“which”引导；从句主语“which”指代复数“stories”，谓语用复数“show”，故选which show。 9．句意：它们也会帮助你更好地理解自己和他人。 根据后文“and others”，结合“understand”的宾语，此处应表示“理解你自己”，用反身代词“yourself”。 10．句意：慢慢地，你一定会爱上它们。 “fall in love with”是固定搭配，意为“爱上……”，用介词“with”。 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As we all know, the Yellow River is the 11 (two) longest river in China. Chinese people consider it as the “Mother River”. Its colour is different 12 other rivers. The colour is 13 (affect) by plenty of sediment (沉淀物) it carries. The Yellow River is of great 14 (important) to the Chinese civilization. It has been a water source for agriculture for thousands of years and keeps 15 (develop) our land. However, everything has two sides. The river has flooded many times in history and brought great damage to people. The Chinese government 16 (control) the floods by building a lot of dams along the river in the past few years. 17 (luck), the Yellow River is facing great challenges now, like pollution, overuse of water and so 18 . These problems are mainly caused by human activities. Taking good care of the Yellow River is every person’s duty. By working together, we believe that the Yellow River will become much 19 (good) in the future. Will it continue to be 20 symbol of Chinese culture and history? 【答案】11．second 12．from 13．affected 14．importance 15．developing 16．has controlled 17．Unluckily 18．on 19．better 20．a 【解析】本文主要介绍了黄河，它是中国第二长河、中华文明母亲河，讲述黄河的作用、历史水患治理，同时指出如今黄河面临污染、水资源过度使用等难题，呼吁所有人共同守护黄河。 11．句意：众所周知，黄河是中国第二长的河流。“定冠词the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级”表示“第几最……”，two是基数词，对应的序数词为second。 12．句意：它的颜色和其他河流不一样。be different from意为“与……不同”，固定短语。 13．句意：它的颜色受到自身携带的大量沉淀物影响。主语the colour和动词affect是被动关系，被动语态结构为“be + 过去分词”，affect的过去分词是affected。 14．句意：黄河对中华文明有着重大意义。“of great + 名词”是固定结构，形容词“important”的名词形式为“importance”。 15．句意：数千年来它都是农业水源，持续滋养、发展我们的土地。keep doing sth.表示“持续做某事”，固定搭配，develop的动名词形式为developing。 16．句意：在过去几年，中国政府通过沿河修建大量水坝控制洪水。in the past few years表示“在过去几年”，是现在完成时的标志，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语the Chinese government为单数，助动词用has，control的过去分词为controlled。 17．句意：不幸的是，黄河如今正面临巨大难题，例如污染、水资源过度使用等等。此处需用副词修饰整个句子，“facing great challenges”属负面情况，lucky的反义词为unlucky，副词形式为unluckily，位于句首首字母应大写。 18．句意：不幸的是，黄河如今正面临巨大难题，例如污染、水资源过度使用等等。and so on意为“等等，诸如此类”，固定短语。 19．句意：齐心协力之下，我们相信黄河在未来会变得好得多。much修饰形容词比较级，表示“……得多”，good的比较级为better。 20．句意：它会继续成为中华文化与历史的一个象征吗？symbol是可数名词单数，发音以辅音音素开头，表泛指“一个”，用不定冠词a。 3 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $