内容正文:
《英语构词法》导学案
九年级 Unit 6 词汇语法专项
班级:________ 姓名:________ 得分:________
一、学习目标
· 系统掌握英语三大构词法:合成法、派生法、转化法的定义、构成规则;
· 熟记高频前缀、后缀含义与词性变化规律,能通过词根词缀推导单词词义;
· 区分合成词、派生词、转化词结构,熟练完成单词变形、词义辨析、翻译、短文语境填空;
· 运用构词法快速记忆、拓展词汇,提升阅读猜词与写作词汇运用能力。
二、基础总述
构词法是英语拓展词汇的核心规律,绝大多数长单词都由合成、派生、转化三种方式构成,掌握规律可不用死记硬背单词。
思考:同一个词根加不同前后缀会发生什么变化?同一个单词不加词缀如何改变词性?
模块一 合成法(第一大类构词)
考点 合成法定义
将两个及以上独立、语义不同的单词拼接组合,生成新词;可构成名词、形容词、副词、代词、动词。
分类
1. 合成名词 afternoon, sportsman, blackboard, newspaper, classmate, grandfather
2. 合成形容词 kind-hearted(热心的), middle-aged(中年的), hard-working(勤奋的)
3. 合成副词 / 代词 / 动词 however, maybe, himself, everyone, nothing, overlook
基础配套分层练习
拆分合成词,写出两个基础单词
blackboard = ________ + ________
hard-working = ________ + ________ newspaper = ________ + ________
汉译英
中年的;热心的;每个人;黑板
_______________________________________________________________
拓展造合成词
日出________ 卧室________
判断是否为合成词,是打√,否打 ×
unhappy ( ) classroom ( ) rewrite ( ) everyone ( )
模块二 派生法(核心重难点,分值最高)
考点 派生法定义
以基础词根为核心,前面加前缀、后面加后缀生成新词;前缀多改变词义,后缀改变单词词性。
(1)高频前缀表(改变词义,词性不变)
前缀
中文含义
教材例词
dis-
不、相反
disagree, dislike
en-
使…… 变得
enable, enrich
im-/in-
不、无
impossible, inexpensive
inter-
在…… 之间、相互
international, interconnect
mis-
错误地、坏的
misunderstand, misfortune
non-
不、非
non-smoker, non-native
re-
再、重复
rewrite, retell
un-
不、无
unable, unhappy, unpopular
前缀配套练习
1. 加前缀改写反义词 happy → ________ possible → ________ agree → ________ write → ________ understand → ________ fair → ________
2. 选词缀填空 re-/un-/dis-/mis- ______ like 不喜欢 ______ tell 复述 ______ take 误解 ______ able 不能的 ______ connect 断开
(2)高频后缀表(改变词性,词义基本不变)
① 构成名词后缀
后缀
功能
例词
-er / -or
表人 / 物
teacher, visitor, worker
-ian
表职业人群
musician
-ing
动名词 / 事物
building, painting, shopping
-ist
专业从业者
scientist, artist
-ment
行为、结果
development, agreement
-ness
性质、状态
happiness, illness
-th
抽象名词
truth, wealth
-tion
动作名词
invitation, information
-ty
性质
safety, loyalty
② 构成形容词后缀
后缀
功能
例词
-able / -ible
可…… 的
enjoyable, possible
-al
有关…… 的
national, traditional
-ful
充满…… 的
helpful, useful, careful
-ive
有…… 性质的
active, expensive
-less
无…… 的
helpless, useless, homeless
-ly
有…… 特质的
friendly, lovely
-ous
充满…… 的
dangerous, famous
③ 数词、副词后缀
后缀
功能
例词
-teen
十几
fifteen, eighteen
-th
序数词
fifth, fortieth
-ty
整十数
forty, seventy
-ly
副词后缀
carefully, happily, quickly
(3)派生规律:词根拓展树形练习
词根 interest 变形填空
interest → 形容词(令人感兴趣的)________ → 否定形容词________ interest → 形容词(感到感兴趣的)________ → 否定________ interest → 副词________
词根 help 变形填空
help → 形容词(有用的)________ → 副词________ help → 形容词(无助的)________ → 副词________
词根 able 变形填空
able → 动词(使能够)________ able → 否定形容词________ able → 名词(能力)________ able → 动词(使残疾)________
派生综合小练习
用所给词适当形式填空
He is a ______ (care) boy, he always makes mistakes. We should be ______ (help) to people in trouble. Music brings us great ______ (happy). It is ______ (possible) to finish the work in ten minutes.
模块三 转化法(第三类构词)
考点 转化法定义
单词词形完全不变,仅转换词性,词义关联。三大高频转化类型:
1. 动词 → 名词 原句动词:Let’s talk about it more. 咱们再谈谈这件事吧。 转化名词:I think we’d better finish the talk now. 我想我们最好现在结束谈话。
2. 名词 → 动词 原句名词:She gave me a cup of water. 她给了我一杯水。 转化动词:You should water the flowers twice a day. 你应该每天给这些花浇两次水。
3. 形容词 → 名词 原句形容词:She was wearing a black dress. 她穿着一条黑色连衣裙。 转化名词:The girl in black looks very beautiful. 那个穿黑衣服的女孩看上去很漂亮。
分层练习
判断划线单词词性(动词 / 名词 / 形容词)
I need to book a ticket. ( ) This is my favourite book. ( )
翻译句子,标出单词词性转化
We can plant trees in spring.
____________________________________________________________________
There is a plant on the desk.
____________________________________________________________________
模块四 分层综合训练
基础层 单项选择(10 道)
1. 单词 unhappy 中前缀 un- 含义是 ______
A. 重复 B. 不、无 C. 相互
2. 下列单词属于合成词的是 ______
A. dislike B. classroom C. musician
3. care 的形容词 “细心的” 是 ______
A. careless B. careful C. carefully
4. 后缀 -ment 一般用来构成 ______
A. 名词 B. 形容词 C. 副词
5. water 在 “I water plants every day” 中是 ______
A. 名词 B. 动词 C. 形容词
6. rewrite 中 re- 含义是 ______
A. 错误 B. 再、重新 C. 使……
7. 下列单词属于转化词的是 ______
A. overlook B. talk C. international
8. helpless 中后缀 -less 含义是 ______
A. 充满 B. 可…… 的 C. 无…… 的
9. musician 后缀 -ian 表示 ______
A. 职业人 B. 行为 C. 状态
10. quickly 中 -ly 是 ______ 后缀
A. 形容词 B. 副词 C. 名词
提高层 单词变形填空(12 道,派生 / 转化 / 合成综合)
1. It’s ______ (possible) for me to fly like a bird.
2. My grandma is a ______ (hard-work) woman.
3. We should treat strangers ______ (friend).
4. His ______ (care) made him lose the game.
5. I ______ (book) two train tickets yesterday.
6. This ______ (paint) is made by a young ______ (art).
7. ______ (happy) is the most important thing in life.
8. Please ______ (write) the word again, ______ (write) it clearly.
9. The old man is ______ (help), nobody helps him.
10. He has the ______ (able) to finish hard tasks.
11. It’s ______ (danger) to swim in the deep river.
12. Everyone likes the ______ (kind-heart) teacher.
提升层 分类填空(合成词 / 派生词 / 转化词)
词库:blackboard, dislike, talk, newspaper, rewrite, water, international, helpful
1. 合成词:________________________________________
2. 派生词:________________________________________
3. 转化词:________________________________________
拓展层 英译汉(3道)
1. hard-working students __________________________________________________
2. misunderstand what he said______________________________________________
3. We water vegetables every morning. ______________________________________
拔高题型:短文语境填空(词根词缀变形)
用括号内单词的正确形式填空,灵活使用三大构词法
My vocabulary learning I find ______ (learn) words easy with word formation. My ______ (care) makes me forget new words easily, so I take ______ (note) every day. My ______ (help) teacher tells me three ways to remember words. First, synthesis: like ______ (black + board) and newspaper. Second, derivation: happy → ______ (happy), write → ______ (write), care → ______ (care). Third, conversion: I ______ (book) tickets and read a ______ (book) every week. I believe I will have the ______ (able) to master all words soon.
课堂知识总结清单
一、合成法
两个单词拼接,词性词义组合;分合成名、形、副、代词。
二、派生法(重点)
1. 前缀:只改词义,不改词性(un-/dis-/re-/im-/mis-)
2. 后缀:只改词性,词义基本不变(-er/-tion/-ful/-less/-ly)
三、转化法
单词不变形,直接切换名词 / 动词 / 形容词词性。
四、记忆口诀
单词变长不用怕,合成派生和转化; 前缀变义后缀变形,转化单词不用改; 掌握构词三条路,阅读猜词不用查。
拓展展示任务(课堂加分)
分别举 1 个合成词、派生词、转化词并翻译
1. 合成词:单词________ 翻译________________________
2. 派生词:单词________ 翻译________________________
3. 转化词:单词________ 翻译________________________
参考答案(教师备用页)
模块一 合成法
拆分合成词
blackboard = black + board hard-working = hard + working newspaper = news + paper
汉译英
中年的:middle-aged;热心的:kind-hearted;每个人:everyone;黑板:blackboard
拓展造合成词
日出:sunrise;卧室:bedroom
判断合成词
unhappy ( × ) classroom ( √ ) rewrite ( × ) everyone ( √ )
模块二 派生法
(1)前缀配套练习
反义词变形 happy → unhappy possible → impossible agree → disagree write → rewrite understand → misunderstand fair → unfair
选词缀填空 dis like 不喜欢 re tell 复述 mis take 误解 un able 不能的 dis connect 断开
(3)词根拓展树形练习
词根 interest
interest → 令人感兴趣形容词:interesting → 否定:uninteresting interest → 感到感兴趣形容词:interested → 否定:uninterested interest → 副词:interestingly
词根 help
help → 有用的:helpful → 副词:helpfully help → 无助的:helpless → 副词:helplessly
词根 able
able → 使能够:enable able → 否定形容词:unable able → 名词能力:ability able → 使残疾:disable
派生综合小练习
1. careless
2. helpful
3. happiness
4. impossible
完整句子: He is a careless (care) boy, he always makes mistakes. We should be helpful (help) to people in trouble. Music brings us great happiness (happy). It is impossible (possible) to finish the work in ten minutes.
模块三 转化法
判断划线词性
I need to book a ticket. ( 动词 ) This is my favourite book. ( 名词 )
翻译 + 标转化
1. We can plant trees in spring. 翻译:我们可以在春天种树。 plant:名词→动词(植物→种植)
2. There is a plant on the desk. 翻译:桌子上有一株植物。 plant:动词→名词(种植→植物)
模块四 分层综合训练
基础层 单项选择
1.B 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.B
提高层 单词变形填空
1. impossible
2. hard-working
3. friendly
4. carelessness
5. booked
6. painting; artist
7. Happiness
8. rewrite; rewrite
9. helpless
10. ability
11. dangerous
12. kind-hearted
提升层 分类填空
词库:blackboard, dislike, talk, newspaper, rewrite, water, international, helpful 1. 合成词:blackboard, newspaper 2. 派生词:dislike, rewrite, international, helpful 3. 转化词:talk, water
拓展层 英译汉
1. 勤奋的学生 2. 误解他说的话 3. 我们每天早上给蔬菜浇水
拔高题型:短文语境填空
My vocabulary learning I find learning (learn) words easy with word formation. My carelessness (care) makes me forget new words easily, so I take notes (note) every day. My helpful (help) teacher tells me three ways to remember words. First, synthesis: like blackboard (black + board) and newspaper. Second, derivation: happy → unhappy (happy), write → rewrite (write), care → careful/careless (care). Third, conversion: I book (book) tickets and read a book (book) every week. I believe I will have the ability (able) to master all words soon.
拓展展示任务(课堂加分)示例答案
1. 合成词:classroom 教室 2. 派生词:dangerous 危险的 3. 转化词:water v. 浇水 n. 水
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