Unit 1 课时1 Reading（分层作业）英语新教材沪教版九年级上册

**基本信息** 该练习通过A、B、C组及拓展四层设计，实现从词汇句型到语篇应用的渐进式巩固，适配新授课差异化教学需求，培养语言能力与思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组巩固过关|基础词汇、短语、句型|以翻译、选择等题型强化记忆，如短语翻译直接对接核心词汇| |B组能力进阶|语法应用、语篇填空|通过课文改写、短文填词实现知识迁移，如语法填空整合课文核心句型| |C组思维拔高|篇章理解、逻辑推理|用完形填空、阅读理解培养思维品质，如通过人物故事考查推理能力| |拓展链接中考|中考真题演练|直接对接中考题型，如阅读理解题提升应试能力与文化意识|

Unit 1 Great people Section 1 Reading分层练习 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 outstanding adj.优秀 的；杰出的 old-fashioned adj 陈旧的, 过时的 classical adj.古典的； 经典的 ordinary adj.普通的； 平凡的 lamp 灯 poet n.诗人 * convinced adj.坚信的; 确信的 with something in mind 考虑到 in addition to 除.....之外 build her knowledge 积累知识 have a talent for 有…… 天赋 at age 24 =at the age of 24 在24岁时 句型 1.She also had a talent for poetry 她还颇具写诗的天赋。 2. When she was a teenager, she spent a lot of time studying and building her knowledge in her grandfather's library. 少年时期，她常在祖父的书房里潜心学习、积累学识。 3. Scientific texts need to be written in a clear way so that everyone can understand them. 科学著作应当写得浅显易懂，让所有人都能看懂。 4. With this in mind, she rewrote the mathematician Mei Wending’s famous book about calculation. 秉持这一想法，她改写了数学家梅文鼎的著名算学典籍。 5. .It was made up of a round table representing the Earth, a lamp as the Sun, and a round mirror as the Moon. 这套模型由代表地球的圆桌、当作太阳的灯以及模拟月亮的圆镜组成。 6. In addition to her achievements in mathematics and astronomy, Wang Zhenyi was an excellent poet, and she wrote about unusually modern topics. 除了在数学和天文学领域有所建树，王贞仪还是一位出色的诗人，她的诗作立意新颖，颇具现代思想。 7. She died at the age of 29—it is fitting that she is remembered beyond it. 她年仅 29 岁便离世。她能被后世长久铭记，实至名归。 一、短语翻译 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.______________________有……天赋 2. ______________________长大；成长 3. ______________________尽管；即使 4. ______________________花费……做某事 5. ______________________以清晰的方式 6. ______________________以便；为了 7. ______________________在 24 岁时 8. ______________________独自；靠自己 9. ______________________对……生气 10. ______________________搭建；设立 11. ______________________由……组成 12. ______________________考虑到；带着…想法 13. ______________________除…之外（还有） 14. ______________________不比…差；和…一样 15. ______________________和…相同 16. ______________________以…命名 17. ______________________积累知识 【答案】1.have a talent for 2.grow up 3.even though 4.spend… doing 5.in a clear way 6.so that 7.at age 24 =at the age of 24 8.on her own. 9.be angry with 10.set up 11.be made up of 12.with …in mind 13.In addition to 14.no less …than 15.Be the same as 16.name…after 17. build her knowledge 二、单项选择。 1.I _______ two hours reading books every weekend. A. take　 B. spend　 C. cost　 D. pay 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我每个周末花两小时看书。spend 的主语是人，常用搭配 spend time (in) doing sth；take 主语多用 it；cost 主语是物品；pay 搭配 for 表示付款。本句主语为人，后面接 doing，因此选 B。 2. The young girl has a natural _______ for music and sings beautifully. A. talent　 B. hobby　 C. secret　 D. result 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这个小女孩天生拥有音乐天赋，唱歌很好听。固定搭配 have a talent for… 表示 “在…… 方面有天赋”；talent 表示天赋，hobby 是爱好，secret 是秘密，result 是结果。结合短语搭配和句意，只有 talent 符合，因此选 A。 3. Li Bai is a famous Chinese _______ who wrote thousands of great works. A. poem　 B. poet　 C. poetry　 D. article 【答案】B 【解析】句意：李白是一位著名的中国诗人，创作了数千部优秀作品。poet 指 “诗人”，代表人；poem 是可数名词，指一首具体的诗；poetry 是不可数名词，是诗歌的总称；article 意为文章。句子主语是人，需要表示人物的单词，因此选 B。 4. His success is _______ our expectation. No one thought he could win. A. beside　 B. behind　 C. beyond　 D. below 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他的成功超出了我们的预料，没人想到他能获胜。beyond one’s expectation 是固定搭配，意为超出某人的预料；beside 在旁边，behind 在后面，below 在下方，都不符合句意搭配，因此选 C。 5. The great scientist used to live an _______ life like common people. A. unusual　 B. ordinary　 C. modern　 D. cheap 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这位伟大的科学家过去和普通人一样过着平凡的生活。ordinary 表示平常的；unusual 不寻常的，modern 现代的，cheap 便宜的。由 like common people（和普通人一样）可知生活平平常常，故选 B。 6. Yuan Longping made many _______ achievements in rice research. A. strange　 B. outstanding　 C. simple　 D. useless 【答案】B 【解析】句意：袁隆平在水稻研究方面取得了许多卓越的成就。outstanding 表示卓越的、突出的；strange 奇怪的，simple 简单的，useless 无用的。结合常识，袁隆平的研究成就是卓越非凡的，因此选 B。 7. We will learn some _______ poems written by ancient Chinese poets this term. A. fresh　 B. classical　 C. private　 D. quick 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这学期我们将要学习一些由中国古代诗人写的经典古诗。classical 表示经典的、古典的；fresh 新鲜的，private 私人的，quick 迅速的。古代诗人创作的诗歌属于古典诗文，因此选 B。 8. You should make your own _______ instead of following others’ ideas blindly. A. judgement　 B. habit　 C. memory　 D. decision 【答案】A 【解析】句意：你应该做出自己的判断，不要盲目听从别人的想法。judgement 意思是判断；habit 是习惯，memory 是记忆，decision 是决定。根据后半句不盲从他人观点，此处表达做出判断，只有 judgement 贴合语境，答案选 A。 9. Please _______ the weather before you go camping. A. think　 B. consider　 C. guess　 D. count 【答案】B 【解析】句意：去露营之前请考虑一下天气。consider 表示认真考虑；think 后常加 about，guess 猜测，count 数数。结合出行前斟酌天气的语境，consider 语义和用法最合适，故选 B。 10. Our class _______ fifty students from different cities. A. is made of　 B. is made from　 C. is made up of　 D. is made in 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们班级由来自不同城市的五十名学生组成。be made up of 表示由多个部分构成；be made of 能看出原材料，be made from 看不出原材料，be made in 后接产地。班级由学生组成，因此选 C。 11. _______ his daily work, he spends lots of time helping poor kids. A. In addition to B. Instead of C. Thanks to D. Because of 【答案】A 【解析】句意：除日常工作之外，他花费大量时间帮扶贫困孩子。in addition to 表示除…… 之外；instead of 代替，thanks to 多亏，because of 由于。结合后半句额外做善事的语境，只有 A 符合句意，答案选 A。 12. She gets up early every morning _______ she can catch the first bus. A. so that　 B. in order to　 C. such that　 D. even if 【答案】A 【解析】句意：她每天早起，以便能赶上首班公交车。so that 后接目的状语从句，表示 “为了、以便”；in order to 后面要接动词原形；such that 搭配错误；even if 意为即使。空格后是完整句子，表目的，因此选 A。 三、根据首字母写出单词 1. Everyone around soon found that the young girl had a natural t_______ for music and painting. 2. People in this family always v_______ knowledge and encourage their children to keep learning. 3. If you learn this smart m_______, you will find it much easier to remember English words. 4. As a famous p_______ in ancient times, she expressed her ideas and feelings in different poems. 5. The teacher asked us to d_______ what we saw and heard during the science experiment clearly. 6. It was just an o_______ small house, but it carried many warm memories for the whole family. 7. Many people still enjoy listening to soft c_______ music to relax after a busy day. 8. In our traditional culture, the bright red colour r_________ good luck and great happiness. 9. She became an o__________ woman scholar because she made great achievements in many fields. 10. Though she passed away at a young age, her great spirit lives b_______ her short lifetime. 【答案】1.talent 2.value 3.method 4.poet 5.describe 6.ordinary 7.classical 8.represent 9.outstanding 10.beyond 四、用词的适当形式填空 1. My teacher gave me some _______advice on English learning.（value） 2. He is a great _______ and he has written many wonderful _______.（poet） 3. He is a famous _______ and he does lots of _______ research every day.（science) 4. Many great goals can _________ and we will get amazing ________ in the end.（achieve） 5. We need to _______ carefully and check every _________ again.（calculate） 6. We can see many _______ things and know about their _______ rules.（nature） 7. In addition _______ (learn) math, she also spends much time on astronomy. 8. Please _______ the scene clearly and write down your detailed _______. (describe) 9. She often spends much time _______ (read) books in the library. 10. She is a _______ writer and she has a real _______ for writing poems.(talen) 【答案】1.valuable 2.poet poems 3.scientist scientific 4.be achieved achievements 5.calculate calculation 6.natura nature 7.learning 8.describe description 9.reading 10.talented talent 五、完成句子 1.在成长的过程中，我们要不断积累学识。 As we ______ ______, we should keep trying to ______ _____ _____. 2.考虑到大众的理解能力，除了讲解理论之外，他还准备了不少实例。 ______ ordinary people’s understanding ability _____ _____, _______ _____ _____ ______ (explain) theories, he also prepared plenty of eamples. 3.这个月食模型由几样简单物品组成，她独自完成了制作。 The model of lunar eclipse ___ ___ ____ ___ several simple things, and she made it _____ _____ _____. 4.他24 岁就发明了新算法，以便大家计算起来更轻松。 He created a new calculating method ____ ____ ____ _____ 24 _____ ____ people could calculate more easily. 5.虽然学习之路充满困难，但她在绘画方面很有天赋。 She works hard _____ _____ the road to study is full of difficulties, and she ____ ____ _____ painting. 【答案】1.grow up build our knowledge 2.With in mind In addition to explaining 3.is made up of on her own 4.at the age of so that 5.Even though has talent for 六、短文填空 A 短文填词 Yuan Longping is an outstanding agricultural scientist whose name is known all over the world. He devoted his lifetime to developing hybrid rice and fighting against hunger. Unlike 1.o_______ researchers who stay indoors studying papers, he deeply 2.v_______ hands-on field work and down-to-earth exploration. For many years, he walked through vast rice fields in wind and rain, and finally created a scientific and practical 3.m______ to cultivate high-yield rice varieties. When passing on his experience to young scientists, he would carefully 4.d__________ every detail of seed selection and field management. With the goal of feeding more people across the globe in mind, he never slowed down his research. In addition to doing numerous experiments day after day, he also visited different regions to teach farmers 5.a________ planting skills. Every plump ear of rice in the fields 6.r_________ his endless efforts and sincere love for people. With decades of hard work and perseverance, he successfully managed to 7.a_________ world-famous breakthroughs. His great 8.c_____________ have helped billions get rid of hunger. His dedication, diligence and selfless spirit will always shine brightly and encourage us to pursue our dreams bravely. 【答案】1. ordinary 2.valued 3.method 4.describe 5.advanced 6.represent 7.achive 8.contributions B 语法填空(课文改写) Wang Zhenyi (1768-1797) was an outstanding female mathematician and astronomer in the Qing Dynasty, who also showed 1._________(amaze) talent for poetry. Raised in a family that highly valued education, she learned mathematics from her father, astronomy from her grandfather and poetry from her grandmother in her early years. 2.__________ she became a teenager, she spent most of her spare time studying and building her 3.__________(know) in her grandfather’s library. Despite the old and tricky language of ancient science books, she kept 4._________(learn) diligently. She realized that academic writings should 5.___________( express) in a clear way so that ordinary people could read them 6___________(easy). She then revised a well-known math book and created simpler ways of multiplication and division at 24, which she recorded in 7_________ new book. She also explored astronomy on her own. She explained eclipses in a 8__________(science) way and made a simple model to show how they happened. People no longer believed old wrong ideas. Her poems also reflected her advanced thought that women were as intelligent as men. Though she died at the young age of 29, she made extraordinary 9.__________(achieve). In 1994, a crater on Venus 10._____________(name) after her. It is no wonder that this great female scholar is remembered by people all over the world. 【答案】1.amazing 2.When 3. knowledge 4.learning 5.be expressed 6.easily 7. A 8.scientific 9. achievements 10.was named 七、语法选择 Albert Einstein was a very famous scientist. You must be familiar with him. Here are three stories about him. One day, Einstein’s diver Hans 1 him to a university to give a lecture. Einstein was 2 tired to speak that night. Hans had listened to the lecture many times and he offered to do it for Einstein. He did it 3 difficulty, so the audience thought he was Einstein. Later Hans 4 a difficult question and he had no idea 5 the man was talking about, yet he was calm and asked “his driver” Einstein to answer it. And of course, Einstein did it 6 . Both Hans and Einstein were gifted actors, weren’t 7 ? Einstein was always busy and spent much time 8 scientific puzzles. He paid no attention to other things. One day, he went out wearing his sweater backwards. A 12- year-old girl met him while she 9 home after school. The girl told Einstein that he looked 10 the famous scientist Einstein. Einstein admitted he was. But the little girl didn’t believe him because of his appearance. Einstein was happy with the girl 11 she was honest and told him the truth about his look. They became good friends. Once a professor was very pleased to meet Einstein at 12 party and wanted to talk to him. But Einstein was busy and had to leave. Then the professor asked Einstein for his phone number. Einstein 13 not remember it until he found it in a book. Don’t you feel 14 that the genius couldn’t remember his own phone number? This is one of 15 scientists in the world, Albert Einstein an ordinary and extraordinary man. 1. A. drive B. drives C. drove D. driven 2. A. very B. too C. quite D. so 3. A. in B. of C. with D. without 4. A. ask B. was asked C. asked D. asks 5. A. when B. who C. what D. which 6. A. perfectly B. perfect C. good D. nice 7. A. he B. him C. they D. them 8. A. considering B. consider C. considered D. to consider 9. A. walked B. walk C. walks D. was walking 10. A. around B. at C. like D. for 11. A. if B. though C. unless D. because 12. A. a B. an C. the D. / 13. A. might B. should C. could D. would 14. A. surprising B. surprised C. surprise D. surprises 15. A. great B. greater C. greatest D. the greatest 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C . A 9. D 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D 【解析】本文讲述了关于伟大的天才科学家爱因斯坦的三个故事。 1. 句意：一天，爱因斯坦的潜水员汉斯开车送他去一所大学演讲。 drive动词原形；drives动词三单；drove动词过去式；driven动词过去分词。本文时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故选C。 2. 句意：那天晚上爱因斯坦累得说不出话来。 very非常；too太；quite十分；so如此。根据“Einstein was...tired to speak that night.”可知，太累了说不出话来，too...to...“太……而不能……”，故选B。 3. 句意：他轻而易举地做到了，所以观众以为他是爱因斯坦。 in在……中；of……的；with和；without没有。根据“Hans had listened to the lecture many times and he offered to do it for Einstein.”和“so the audience thought he was Einstein”可知，汉斯听了很多次讲座，所以轻而易举地做到了，故选D。 4. 句意：后来汉斯被问了一个很难的问题，他不知道那个人在说什么，但他很冷静，让“他的司机”爱因斯坦回答。 ask一般现在时；was asked一般过去时的被动语态；asked一般过去时；asks动词三单。主语Hans是动作的承受者，时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，故选B。 5. 句意：后来汉斯被问了一个很难的问题，他不知道那个人在说什么，但他很冷静，让“他的司机”爱因斯坦回答。 when何时；who谁；what什么；which哪个。根据“he had no idea...the man was talking about”可知，他不知道那个人在说什么，故选C。 6. 句意：当然，爱因斯坦做得很完美。 perfectly完美地；perfect完美的；good好的；nice好的。此处在句中修饰动词did，用副词形式，故选A。 7. 句意：汉斯和爱因斯坦都是有天赋的演员，不是吗？ he他；him他；they他们；them他们。此处用在反意疑问句在，用主格they代替“Both Hans and Einstein”，故选C。 8. 句意：爱因斯坦总是很忙，花了很多时间思考科学难题。 considering动名词/现在分词；consider动词原形；considered动词过去式/过去分词；to consider动词不定式。spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”，故选A。 9. 句意：一个12岁的女孩在放学回家的路上遇到了他。 walked动词过去式/过去分词；walk动词原形；walks动词三单；was walking过去进行时。根据“A 12- year-old girl met him while she...home after school.”可知，此处强调在过去的时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，故选D。 10. 句意：女孩告诉爱因斯坦，他看起来像著名的科学家爱因斯坦。 around在周围；at在；like像；for为了。根据“The girl told Einstein that he looked...the famous scientist Einstein.”可知，他看起来像著名的科学家爱因斯坦，look like“看起来像”，故选C。 11. 句意：爱因斯坦和这个女孩在一起很开心，因为她很诚实，告诉了她关于他长相的真相。 if如果；though虽然；unless除非；because因为。“she was honest and told him the truth about his look”是“Einstein was happy with the girl”的原因，用because引导原因状语从句，故选D。 12. 句意：有一次，一位教授在一个聚会上很高兴见到爱因斯坦，想和他谈谈。 a表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词表特指；/零冠词。此处泛指一个派对，party首字母发辅音音素，故选A。 13. 句意：爱因斯坦不记得它，直到他在一本书里找到它。 might也许；should应该；could可以；would将会。根据“Einstein...not remember it until he found it in a book.”可知，此处强调能力，表示不记得，故选C。 14. 句意：这位天才连自己的电话号码都记不住，你不觉得惊讶吗？ surprising令人惊讶的；surprised感到惊讶的；surprise动词原形或名词单数；surprises动词三单或名词复数。此处在句中作表语，修饰人，故选B。 15. 句意：这是世界上最伟大的科学家之一，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，一个平凡而不平凡的人。 great形容词原级；greater形容词比较级；greatest形容词最高级；the greatest定冠词+形容词最高级。根据“This is one of...scientists in the world”可知，此处是“one of+the+最高级+名词复数”结构，故选D。 八、完形填空 Liu Gongquan was a famous calligrapher during the Tang Dynasty. Even as a young boy, he showed great 16 in writing with a brush. His handwriting was neat and powerful, much better than that of other children his age. People often praised him, and slowly, Liu Gongquan began to feel quite 17 of himself. He thought he was already a master and stopped practising as hard as before. One day, he and his friends went to a temple fair. There, he saw a crowd gathered around an old man with no arms. Curious, Liu Gongquan moved closer to see. To his great 18 , the old man was writing on the ground with his toes! What was even more amazing was that the characters he wrote were much 19 and lively than Liu Gongquan’s own. Liu Gongquan’s face turned red with 20 . In that moment, he realized how small his own talent was. Here was a man with no arms who could write better with his toes than Liu Gongquan could with his hands! All his pride 21 away. He knelt down in front of the old man and said, “Please, sir, will you teach me? I want to learn from you.” The old man smiled kindly and said, “I have no secret. I just never stopped 22 . Remember, young man, there is always someone better. True skill comes from endless practice and a 23 heart.” Deeply moved, Liu Gongquan went home. He threw away all his 24 works and started practising from the beginning. This time, he was not practising for praise, but for the love of the art itself. He studied the works of great calligraphers before him and practised day and night. Years of being humble and working hard 25 paid off. Liu Gongquan became one of the greatest calligraphers in Chinese history. His story tells us a valuable lesson: no matter how talented you are, staying humble and working hard are the only real paths to true mastery and lasting achievement. 16. A. talent B. difficulty C. trouble D. luck 17. A. tired B. ashamed C. afraid D. proud 18. A. joy B. surprise C. regret D. satisfaction 19. A. simpler B. uglier C. more expensive D. more beautiful 20. A. excitement B. shame C. illness D. cold 21. A. melted B. jumped C. blew D. kept 22. A. reading B. practising C. teaching D. waiting 23. A. heavy B. brave C. humble D. clever 24. A. old B. new C. public D. famous 25. A. finally B. hardly C. quickly D. suddenly 【答案】ADBDB ABCAA 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述书法家柳公权年少练字小有成就后骄傲自满，偶遇无臂老人用脚趾写字技艺高超，深受触动改掉傲气、潜心苦练，最终成为书法大家的故事，告诉我们做人要谦逊、勤学苦练才能成功。 16. 句意：在年少时，他就在毛笔写字方面展现出极高天赋。 talent 天赋；difficulty 困难；trouble 麻烦；luck 运气。根据后文他字迹工整有力、远超同龄孩子，能看出写字很有天赋，故选 A。 17. 句意：人们经常夸奖他，慢慢地柳公权开始变得十分骄傲。 tired 疲惫的；ashamed 羞愧的；afraid 害怕的；proud 骄傲的。后文写到他自以为已经是大师、不再刻苦练习，说明被夸赞后心生骄傲，故选 D。 18. 句意：令他十分惊讶的是，这位老人在用脚趾在地上写字。 joy 开心；surprise 惊讶；regret 后悔；satisfaction 满足。无臂老人用脚趾写字是反常的事情，因此柳公权非常吃惊，故选 B。 19. 句意：更令人惊叹的是，老人写的字比柳公权自己写的更加优美生动。 simpler 更简单；uglier 更丑；more expensive 更昂贵；more beautiful 更优美。前文夸赞老人写字令人惊叹，说明字迹更好看优美，故选 D。 20. 句意：柳公权羞愧得满脸通红。 excitement 兴奋；shame 羞愧；illness 疾病；cold 寒冷。自己双手写字却比不上无臂老人用脚趾书写，内心感到羞愧，故选 B。 21. 句意：他所有的傲气都消散了。 melted 消散、融化；jumped 跳跃；blew 吹；kept 保持。见识老人高超技艺后，之前的骄傲慢慢消失，melt away 为固定搭配表示消散，故选 A。 22. 句意：我没有秘诀，我只是从未停止练习。 reading 阅读；practising 练习；teaching 教学；waiting 等待。书法靠日复一日练习练成，老人靠不停练字练就本领，故选 B。 23. 句意：真正的本领来自无尽的练习和一颗谦逊的心。 heavy 沉重的；brave 勇敢的；humble 谦逊的；clever 聪明的。全文主旨是不能骄傲、保持谦逊，因此此处指谦逊之心，故选 C。 24. 句意：他扔掉了之前所有的旧作品，从头开始练习。 old 旧的；new 新的；public 公共的；famous 著名的。决心从头苦练，舍弃从前的作品，从零起步，故选 A。 25. 句意：长年的谦逊与刻苦努力最终得到了回报。 finally 最终；hardly 几乎不；quickly 快速地；suddenly 突然。经过常年努力之后，他最终成为著名书法家，finally 符合时间逻辑，故选 A。 九、阅读理解 A Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany, in 1879. His early life was not like that of a typical “smart kid.” Unlike other children, he learned to speak later than usual, and in traditional classrooms, he often seemed not to pay attention—some teachers even thought he might not be very smart. But deep down, he was extremely curious about how the universe works, and this curiosity would later lead him to make amazing scientific discoveries. When he grew up, Einstein became one of the most influential theoretical physicists in history. His most important work is the Theory of Relativity (相对论), which completely changed how we understand space, time, and gravity. This theory has two main parts: the Special Theory of Relativity (for objects moving at a constant (不变的) speed without gravity) and the General Theory of Relativity (for objects speeding up or under the influence of gravity). A key equation (公式) from this theory is E=mc²—it clearly shows that energy (E) and mass (m) are connected, with (c) being the speed of light in a vacuum (真空). This idea later helped develop nuclear physics. Besides his scientific achievements, Einstein was also a person who spoke up for peace and human rights. In the 1930s, when the Nazi government took power in Germany, Einstein had to leave the country. This was because he was Jewish, and the Nazis hated Jewish people. He moved to the United States and took a job at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. There, he kept doing important scientific research until the end of his career. Even though the Theory of Relativity made Einstein very famous, he won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics not for this theory (some scientists still discussed it at that time) but for explaining the photoelectric effect (光电效应). This effect happens when light of a certain type pushes electrons (电子) out of a material. His explanation provided key proof that light can act like tiny particles (粒子), and this helped build the basis for quantum mechanics (量子力学). In his free time, Einstein found comfort and new ideas in music. He was good at playing the violin and often played chamber music with friends. He thought music and science were connected—both needed people to find patterns and explore things we don’t yet understand. Einstein died in 1955 when he was 76 years old, but his ideas still matter today. His theories help guide modern physics, from studying black holes to making GPS (the system that helps us find places) work better. Also, his fight for peace still encourages scientists and activists all over the world. 1. What does the author want to show by mentioning “some teachers even thought he might not be very smart” in Einstein’s early life? A. Teachers in the past were not good at judging students. B. Einstein’s talents were not easy to see when he was young. C. Einstein didn’t work hard in his early school years. D. Traditional classrooms were not suitable for all students. 2. Which part of Einstein’s work helped develop nuclear physics? A. The photoelectric effect. B. The equation E=mc² from the Theory of Relativity. C. His research on quantum mechanics. D. His study of black holes. 3. What can we infer from the fact that Einstein won the Nobel Prize for the photoelectric effect instead of the Theory of Relativity? A. The photoelectric effect was easier to understand. B. The Theory of Relativity was not true at that time. C. Scientific achievements need time to be accepted. D. The Nobel Committee preferred practical research. 4. Why does the author mention “GPS” when talking about Einstein’s legacy? A. To show Einstein invented GPS technology. B. To give an example of how Einstein’s theories are used today. C. To explain what modern physics focuses on. D. To prove GPS is more important than black hole research. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 【解析】本文通过爱因斯坦的成长经历、科学贡献及社会活动，展现了他如何从“不被看好的孩子”成为改变世界的科学家，并强调其理论对现代科技与人类思想的深远影响。 1. 推理判断题。根据“His early life was not like that of a typical ‘smart kid.’…some teachers even thought he might not be very smart”可知，作者提到爱因斯坦幼年时老师认为他“不聪明”，是为了对比他后来的伟大成就，说明他的天赋在童年时期未被察觉。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“A key equation from this theory is E=mc²…This idea later helped develop nuclear physics.”可知，方程 E=mc² 揭示了质量与能量的关系，推动了核物理发展。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据“Even though the Theory of Relativity made Einstein very famous, he won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics not for this theory (some scientists still discussed it at that time) but for explaining the photoelectric effect”可知，爱因斯坦因光电效应而非相对论获奖，原因是相对论在当时仍有争议，可见科学成就需要时间被接受。故选C。 4. 细节理解题。根据“His theories help guide modern physics, from studying black holes to making GPS (the system that helps us find places) work better.”可知，作者提到GPS是为了举例说明爱因斯坦理论的现代应用。故选B。 B There was a girl who read every book she could get her hands on, and who was dying to share what she learned with the world. She was Wang Zhenyi (1768—1797), a famous woman scientist and poet from the Qing dynasty. In the late 1700s, women were usually expected to cook, clean, and have babies. However, when Zhenyi was young, she wanted to learn everything. Her grandfather was once an official and had a collection of over 75 bookshelves. He was her first teacher in astronomy. Her father studied medical science and was the person who taught her medicine, geography, and math. Her grandmother was her teacher of poetry. Zhenyi learned a lot from her family, but that didn’t mean she just had her nose in a book. While Chinese scientists and philosophers had studied stars for ages, Zhenyi did something quite interesting and new. She used her skills and math knowledge to explain what was happening in the sky. When she was 23, to explain how solar and lunar eclipse (日食月食) happened, Zhenyi used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the sun and a round mirror to act as the moon. She moved the mirror around the table under the light and showed that when the sun, moon, and Earth were on a line, sunlight was stopped and so eclipse happened. At the age of 16, Zhenyi journeyed throughout the country with his father. As she did, she saw not only the beauty, but also the problems of her country—the rich were getting richer and paid the poor little attention. Zhenyi also noticed that women were often hidden away from the outside world, working at home for the family. She wanted to capture it all—each moment of her travels. She wanted other people to see, to know, to understand, so she wrote poems and showed them to the public. Zhenyi got married at the age of 25 and continued to work as an astronomer and poet but died young 4 years later. In total, Wang Zhenyi wrote more than 12 books about science and poems. While many of her writings have been lost, her helps to science continue to be studied today. And in 1994, scientists even named a crater on Venus (金星陨石坑) after her! As she famously wrote in one of her poems, “Do you not believe, daughters can also be heroic?” 1. What is the passage mainly about? A. The problem Wang Zhenyi found in her travel. B. The difficulties Wang Zhenyi faced in her life. C. The general details of Wang Zhenyi’s life story. D. The important discoveries made by Wang Zhenyi. 2. Which of the following best describes Wang’ family? A. Strict but interesting. B. Kind but uneducated. C. Helpful and hardworking. D. Supportive and open-minded. 3. Why was the journey with her father important to Wang Zhenyi? A. It allowed her to learn more about society. B. It helped her do better her study in stars. C. It got her to experience life of ordinary people. D. It let her believe that daughters can also be heroic. 4. What is the correct order for the following events from Wang’s life? a. She owned a crater named after her on Venus. b. She traveled nationwide and recorded what she saw. c. She showed the reason of eclipses using household objects. d. She received education in astronomy, medicine, and poetry. e. She got married and continued in scientific research and poetry. A. d-c-b-e-a B. d-b-c-e-a C. a-e-b-d-c D. a-c-b-d-e 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 【解析】本文是一篇人物传记，主要讲述了清朝女科学家兼诗人王贞仪的生平故事，包括她的家庭背景、学术成就、社会观察及文学创作。 1. 主旨大意题。文章围绕王贞仪的一生展开，从她的家庭、学习、旅行、婚姻到成就等方面进行介绍，“The general details of Wang Zhenyi’s life story 最贴合。故选C。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Her grandfather was once an official and had a collection of over 75 bookshelves. He was her first teacher in astronomy. Her father studied medical science and was the person who taught her medicine, geography, and math. Her grandmother was her teacher of poetry.可知，家庭支持她学习不同知识，思想开明。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“As she did, she saw not only the beauty, but also the problems of her country - the rich were getting richer and paid the poor little attention. Zhenyi also noticed that women were often hidden away from the outside world, working at home for the family.可知，旅行让她了解社会。故选A。 4. 细节理解题。 d：根据第二段可知她先从家人处接受天文学、医学、诗歌等教育；b：根据第四段“At the age of 16, Zhenyi journeyed throughout the country with his father.可知，16岁时，王贞仪和父亲周游全国； c：根据第三段“When she was 23, to explain how solar and lunar eclipse (日食月食) happened, Zhenyi used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the sun and a round mirror to act as the moon.可知，23岁用家具演示月食” ；e：根据第五段 “Zhenyi got married at the age of 25 and continued to work as an astronomer and poet...可知，王贞仪25岁结婚，继续研究；a：根据第五段“And in 1994, scientists even named a crater on Venus (金星陨石坑) after her!可知，1994年，科学家们甚至以她的名字命名了金星上的一个陨石坑。 顺序为d-b-c-e-a。故选B。 C阅读还原 A Guide to Personal Growth No matter who you are or where you live, the most important thing is what kind of person you are. 1 Among them, the following four qualities (品质) are the most helpful ones. Have a Positive Attitude (态度) Life is not always a bed of roses. When facing difficulties, don’t lose heart. Do you know what can help you manage to deal with difficulties? It’s your attitude. Cheer up! 2 When you smile at it, it will also smile at you. Keep Improving Yourself Maybe you are very busy now. Every day you have so many things to do that you can’t find much time to improve yourself. 3 Don’t be too confident in yourself, or you will fall behind others. Keeping improving yourself can help you succeed in the future. Be Creative In modern society, people with creative thinking are most needed. Being creative means thinking up new ideas and having a creative imagination. 4 Be Honest Honesty (诚实) is very important. 5 The one who keeps his word is popular everywhere. As long as you have these qualities mentioned above, you will be excellent and make a difference to the world. Albert Einstein once said, “Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value.” A. Life is like a mirror. B. Nobody likes a person who always tells lies. C. Those who are creative have more choices in their life. D. However, the world around you is changing all the time. E. There are many good qualities that can make you better in your life. 【答案】1. E 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 【解析】本文主要讲解了使人受益一生的几个重要品质。 1. 根据“Among them, the following qualities (品质) are the most helpful ones”可知，此处介绍的内容应该与qualities“品质”有关。选项E“在你的生活中，有很多好的品质可以让你受益匪浅。”符合语境。故选E。 2. 根据“When you smile at it, it will also smile at you.”可知，此处指的应该是镜子。对镜子笑，它也同样会对你笑。选项A“生活就像一面镜子。”符合语境。故选A。 3. 根据“Every day you have so many things to do that you can’t find much time to improve yourself”和“Don’t be too confident in yourself, or you will fall behind others.”可知，此处介绍的是情况会发生变化，你可能现在满意自己的情况，但是如果你不持续学习，就会落后别人。选项D“然而，你周围的世界一直在变化。”符合语境。故选D。 4. 根据“Being creative means thinking up new ideas and having a creative imagination”可知，此处介绍的内容与创造力有关。选项C“那些有创造力的人在生活中有更多的选择。”符合语境。故选C。 5. 根据“Honesty (诚实) is very important”可知，此处介绍的是与诚信相关的内容。选项B“没有人喜欢总是说谎的人。”符合语境。故选B。 （25·广州中考） When I was young, my father took me outside to see the stars. Once we saw a comet (彗星)! It was the first comet I’d seen but wasn’t the last. My name is Caroline Herschel. I was born in Hanover, Germany in 1750. When I was 22, I moved to England to stay with my older brother, William. He was a musician and he offered me singing lessons. I helped him with housework in return. I practiced hard and soon started singing at his concerts. Life changed when William became interested in astronomy. He read about space late into the night. Breakfast often turned into a lesson about stars. I learned a lot from him. And we even started working together on a big project: building telescopes—the special tools for seeing faraway things. To make the perfect mirrors for our telescopes, we heated metals and shaped them using special molds (模具). These molds were made from strange things, like dry horse waste. I had to break it into small bits. It was dirty work, but I didn’t mind. Someone had to do it. Making the mirrors smooth was very difficult. William invented a machine to help, but he still had to work without stopping for hours once he began. He couldn’t even stop to eat, so I fed him and read stories to keep him happy and relaxed. In 1781, William discovered something fantastic—a new planet! King George was so glad that he made William his astronomer. William made a telescope just for me. And I was able to search the sky along with him. On August 1, 1786, I found something special too—a comet! I watched it carefully for one more night and discovered it was real. Now everyone is talking about my comet. They call it the Lady’s Comet. This is the first comet I’ve ever discovered, but I don’t think it will be the last. Historical Note: After Caroline discovered her first comet, King George paid her to be William’s assistant (助手). She was one of the first women astronomers to be paid for her work. She went on to find seven more comets herself between 1786 and 1797. 1. Why did Caroline move to England? A. To live with her brother. B. To study at a music school. C. To sing at famous concerts. D. To look after a sick relative. 2. In what order did the following happen in Caroline’s life? a. She discovered her first comet.    b. Her brother built a telescope for her. c. Her brother became interested in space.    d. She built telescopes together with her brother. e. She got paid by King George to help with her brother’s work. A. c-d-b-a-e B. c-d-e-b-a C. c-b-d-a-e D. c-b-a-e-d 3. How many comets did Caroline discover by herself? A. One. B. Seven. C. Eight. D. Nine. 4. Which of the following best describes Caroline and William’s working relationship? A. Caroline gave William more help. B. Caroline had to do all the dirty work. C. William took care of most of the work. D. They were important to each other’s success. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C 4. D 【导语】本文主要讲述了德国天文学家卡罗琳·赫歇尔的生平。 1. 细节理解题。根据“I moved to England to stay with my older brother, William”可知卡罗琳搬到英国是为了与哥哥同住。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Life changed when William became interested in astronomy.”可知，她的哥哥威廉对天文学产生兴趣，这是最先发生的，对应c；根据“And we even started working together on a big project: building telescopes”可知，兄妹俩一起制作望远镜，对应d，排除CD；根据“In 1781...William made a telescope just for me”可知，威廉为卡罗琳制作了一台望远镜，对应b，排除B。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据“Historical Note: After Caroline discovered her first comet... She went on to find seven more comets herself between 1786 and 1797.”可知，卡罗琳先发现1颗彗星，之后又发现7颗，总共发现8颗。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据“And we even started working together on a big project: building telescopes”以及“He couldn’t even stop to eat, so I fed him and read stories to keep him happy and relaxed.”可知卡罗琳和威廉一起制造望远镜，在威廉工作时卡罗琳喂他吃饭、给他读故事，他们的工作是相互配合的，对彼此的成功都很重要。故选D。 $Unit 1 Great people Section 1 Reading分层练习 （参考答案） 一、短语翻译 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.have a talent for 2.grow up 3.even though 4.spend… doing 5.in a clear way 6.so that 7.at age 24 =at the age of 24 8.on her own. 9.be angry with 10.set up 11.be made up of 12.with …in mind 13.In addition to 14.no less …than 15.Be the same as 16.name…after 17. build her knowledge 二、单项选择。 1-12 BABCB BBABC AA 三、根据首字母写出单词 1.talent 2.value 3.method 4.poet 5.describe 6.ordinary 7.classical 8.represent 9.outstanding 10.beyond 四、用词的适当形式填空 1.valuable 2.poet poems 3.scientist scientific 4.be achieved achievements 5.calculate calculation 6.natura nature 7.learning 8.describe description 9.reading 10.talented talent 五、完成句子 1.grow up build our knowledge 2.With in mind In addition to explaining 3.is made up of on her own 4.at the age of so that 5.Even though has talent for 六、短文填空 A 短文填词 1. ordinary 2.valued 3.method 4.describe 5.advanced 6.represent 7.achive 8.contributions B 语法填空(课文改写) 1.amazing 2.When 3. knowledge 4.learning 5.be expressed 6.easily 7. A 8.scientific 9. achievements 10.was named 七、语法选择 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C . A 9. D 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D 八、完形填空 ADBDB ABCAA 九、阅读理解 A 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B B 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B C阅读还原 1. E 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B （25·广州中考） 1. A 2. A 3. C 4. D $Unit 1 Great people Section 1 Reading分层练习 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 outstanding adj.优秀 的；杰出的 old-fashioned adj 陈旧的, 过时的 classical adj.古典的； 经典的 ordinary adj.普通的； 平凡的 lamp 灯 poet n.诗人 * convinced adj.坚信的; 确信的 with something in mind 考虑到 in addition to 除.....之外 build her knowledge 积累知识 have a talent for 有…… 天赋 at age 24 =at the age of 24 在24岁时 句型 1.She also had a talent for poetry 她还颇具写诗的天赋。 2. When she was a teenager, she spent a lot of time studying and building her knowledge in her grandfather's library. 少年时期，她常在祖父的书房里潜心学习、积累学识。 3. Scientific texts need to be written in a clear way so that everyone can understand them. 科学著作应当写得浅显易懂，让所有人都能看懂。 4. With this in mind, she rewrote the mathematician Mei Wending’s famous book about calculation. 秉持这一想法，她改写了数学家梅文鼎的著名算学典籍。 5. .It was made up of a round table representing the Earth, a lamp as the Sun, and a round mirror as the Moon. 这套模型由代表地球的圆桌、当作太阳的灯以及模拟月亮的圆镜组成。 6. In addition to her achievements in mathematics and astronomy, Wang Zhenyi was an excellent poet, and she wrote about unusually modern topics. 除了在数学和天文学领域有所建树，王贞仪还是一位出色的诗人，她的诗作立意新颖，颇具现代思想。 7. She died at the age of 29—it is fitting that she is remembered beyond it. 她年仅 29 岁便离世。她能被后世长久铭记，实至名归。 一、短语翻译 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.______________________有……天赋 2. ______________________长大；成长 3. ______________________尽管；即使 4. ______________________花费……做某事 5. ______________________以清晰的方式 6. ______________________以便；为了 7. ______________________在 24 岁时 8. ______________________独自；靠自己 9. ______________________对……生气 10. ______________________搭建；设立 11. ______________________由……组成 12. ______________________考虑到；带着…想法 13. ______________________除…之外（还有） 14. ______________________不比…差；和…一样 15. ______________________和…相同 16. ______________________以…命名 17. ______________________积累知识 二、单项选择。 1.I _______ two hours reading books every weekend. A. take　 B. spend C. cost D. pay 2. The young girl has a natural _______ for music and sings beautifully. A. talent　 B. hobby C. secret D. result 3. Li Bai is a famous Chinese _______ who wrote thousands of great works. A. poem　 B. poet　 C. poetry D. article 4. His success is _______ our expectation. No one thought he could win. A. beside　 B. behind　 C. beyond　 D. below 5. The great scientist used to live an _______ life like common people. A. unusual　 B. ordinary　 C. modern　 D. cheap 6. Yuan Longping made many _______ achievements in rice research. A. strange　 B. outstanding　 C. simple　 D. useless 7. We will learn some _______ poems written by ancient Chinese poets this term. A. fresh　 B. classical　 C. private　 D. quick 8. You should make your own _______ instead of following others’ ideas blindly. A. judgement　 B. habit　 C. memory　 D. decision 9. Please _______ the weather before you go camping. A. think　 B. consider　 C. guess　 D. count 10. Our class _______ fifty students from different cities. A. is made of　 B. is made from　 C. is made up of　 D. is made in 11. _______ his daily work, he spends lots of time helping poor kids. A. In addition to B. Instead of C. Thanks to D. Because of 12. She gets up early every morning _______ she can catch the first bus. A. so that　 B. in order to　 C. such that　 D. even if 三、根据首字母写出单词 1. Everyone around soon found that the young girl had a natural t_______ for music and painting. 2. People in this family always v_______ knowledge and encourage their children to keep learning. 3. If you learn this smart m_______, you will find it much easier to remember English words. 4. As a famous p_______ in ancient times, she expressed her ideas and feelings in different poems. 5. The teacher asked us to d_______ what we saw and heard during the science experiment clearly. 6. It was just an o_______ small house, but it carried many warm memories for the whole family. 7. Many people still enjoy listening to soft c_______ music to relax after a busy day. 8. In our traditional culture, the bright red colour r_________ good luck and great happiness. 9. She became an o__________ woman scholar because she made great achievements in many fields. 10. Though she passed away at a young age, her great spirit lives b_______ her short lifetime. 四、用词的适当形式填空 1. My teacher gave me some _______advice on English learning.（value） 2. He is a great _______ and he has written many wonderful _______.（poet） 3. He is a famous _______ and he does lots of _______ research every day.（science) 4. Many great goals can _________ and we will get amazing ________ in the end.（achieve） 5. We need to _______ carefully and check every _________ again.（calculate） 6. We can see many _______ things and know about their _______ rules.（nature） 7. In addition _______ (learn) math, she also spends much time on astronomy. 8. Please _______ the scene clearly and write down your detailed _______. (describe) 9. She often spends much time _______ (read) books in the library. 10. She is a _______ writer and she has a real _______ for writing poems.(talen) 五、完成句子 1.在成长的过程中，我们要不断积累学识。 As we ______ ______, we should keep trying to ______ _____ _____. 2.考虑到大众的理解能力，除了讲解理论之外，他还准备了不少实例。 ______ ordinary people’s understanding ability _____ _____, _______ _____ _____ ______ (explain) theories, he also prepared plenty of eamples. 3.这个月食模型由几样简单物品组成，她独自完成了制作。 The model of lunar eclipse ___ ___ ____ ___ several simple things, and she made it _____ _____ _____. 4.他24 岁就发明了新算法，以便大家计算起来更轻松。 He created a new calculating method ____ ____ ____ _____ 24 _____ ____ people could calculate more easily. 5.虽然学习之路充满困难，但她在绘画方面很有天赋。 She works hard _____ _____ the road to study is full of difficulties, and she ____ ____ _____ painting. 六、短文填空 A 短文填词 Yuan Longping is an outstanding agricultural scientist whose name is known all over the world. He devoted his lifetime to developing hybrid rice and fighting against hunger. Unlike 1.o_______ researchers who stay indoors studying papers, he deeply 2.v_______ hands-on field work and down-to-earth exploration. For many years, he walked through vast rice fields in wind and rain, and finally created a scientific and practical 3.m______ to cultivate high-yield rice varieties. When passing on his experience to young scientists, he would carefully 4.d__________ every detail of seed selection and field management. With the goal of feeding more people across the globe in mind, he never slowed down his research. In addition to doing numerous experiments day after day, he also visited different regions to teach farmers 5.a________ planting skills. Every plump ear of rice in the fields 6.r_________ his endless efforts and sincere love for people. With decades of hard work and perseverance, he successfully managed to 7.a_________ world-famous breakthroughs. His great 8.c_____________ have helped billions get rid of hunger. His dedication, diligence and selfless spirit will always shine brightly and encourage us to pursue our dreams bravely. B 语法填空(课文改写) Wang Zhenyi (1768-1797) was an outstanding female mathematician and astronomer in the Qing Dynasty, who also showed 1._________(amaze) talent for poetry. Raised in a family that highly valued education, she learned mathematics from her father, astronomy from her grandfather and poetry from her grandmother in her early years. 2.__________ she became a teenager, she spent most of her spare time studying and building her 3.__________(know) in her grandfather’s library. Despite the old and tricky language of ancient science books, she kept 4._________(learn) diligently. She realized that academic writings should 5.___________( express) in a clear way so that ordinary people could read them 6___________(easy). She then revised a well-known math book and created simpler ways of multiplication and division at 24, which she recorded in 7_________ new book. She also explored astronomy on her own. She explained eclipses in a 8__________(science) way and made a simple model to show how they happened. People no longer believed old wrong ideas. Her poems also reflected her advanced thought that women were as intelligent as men. Though she died at the young age of 29, she made extraordinary 9.__________(achieve). In 1994, a crater on Venus 10._____________(name) after her. It is no wonder that this great female scholar is remembered by people all over the world. 七、语法选择 Albert Einstein was a very famous scientist. You must be familiar with him. Here are three stories about him. One day, Einstein’s diver Hans 1 him to a university to give a lecture. Einstein was 2 tired to speak that night. Hans had listened to the lecture many times and he offered to do it for Einstein. He did it 3 difficulty, so the audience thought he was Einstein. Later Hans 4 a difficult question and he had no idea 5 the man was talking about, yet he was calm and asked “his driver” Einstein to answer it. And of course, Einstein did it 6 . Both Hans and Einstein were gifted actors, weren’t 7 ? Einstein was always busy and spent much time 8 scientific puzzles. He paid no attention to other things. One day, he went out wearing his sweater backwards. A 12- year-old girl met him while she 9 home after school. The girl told Einstein that he looked 10 the famous scientist Einstein. Einstein admitted he was. But the little girl didn’t believe him because of his appearance. Einstein was happy with the girl 11 she was honest and told him the truth about his look. They became good friends. Once a professor was very pleased to meet Einstein at 12 party and wanted to talk to him. But Einstein was busy and had to leave. Then the professor asked Einstein for his phone number. Einstein 13 not remember it until he found it in a book. Don’t you feel 14 that the genius couldn’t remember his own phone number? This is one of 15 scientists in the world, Albert Einstein an ordinary and extraordinary man. 1. A. drive B. drives C. drove D. driven 2. A. very B. too C. quite D. so 3. A. in B. of C. with D. without 4. A. ask B. was asked C. asked D. asks 5. A. when B. who C. what D. which 6. A. perfectly B. perfect C. good D. nice 7. A. he B. him C. they D. them 8. A. considering B. consider C. considered D. to consider 9. A. walked B. walk C. walks D. was walking 10. A. around B. at C. like D. for 11. A. if B. though C. unless D. because 12. A. a B. an C. the D. / 13. A. might B. should C. could D. would 14. A. surprising B. surprised C. surprise D. surprises 15. A. great B. greater C. greatest D. the greatest 八、完形填空 Liu Gongquan was a famous calligrapher during the Tang Dynasty. Even as a young boy, he showed great 16 in writing with a brush. His handwriting was neat and powerful, much better than that of other children his age. People often praised him, and slowly, Liu Gongquan began to feel quite 17 of himself. He thought he was already a master and stopped practising as hard as before. One day, he and his friends went to a temple fair. There, he saw a crowd gathered around an old man with no arms. Curious, Liu Gongquan moved closer to see. To his great 18 , the old man was writing on the ground with his toes! What was even more amazing was that the characters he wrote were much 19 and lively than Liu Gongquan’s own. Liu Gongquan’s face turned red with 20 . In that moment, he realized how small his own talent was. Here was a man with no arms who could write better with his toes than Liu Gongquan could with his hands! All his pride 21 away. He knelt down in front of the old man and said, “Please, sir, will you teach me? I want to learn from you.” The old man smiled kindly and said, “I have no secret. I just never stopped 22 . Remember, young man, there is always someone better. True skill comes from endless practice and a 23 heart.” Deeply moved, Liu Gongquan went home. He threw away all his 24 works and started practising from the beginning. This time, he was not practising for praise, but for the love of the art itself. He studied the works of great calligraphers before him and practised day and night. Years of being humble and working hard 25 paid off. Liu Gongquan became one of the greatest calligraphers in Chinese history. His story tells us a valuable lesson: no matter how talented you are, staying humble and working hard are the only real paths to true mastery and lasting achievement. 16. A. talent B. difficulty C. trouble D. luck 17. A. tired B. ashamed C. afraid D. proud 18. A. joy B. surprise C. regret D. satisfaction 19. A. simpler B. uglier C. more expensive D. more beautiful 20. A. excitement B. shame C. illness D. cold 21. A. melted B. jumped C. blew D. kept 22. A. reading B. practising C. teaching D. waiting 23. A. heavy B. brave C. humble D. clever 24. A. old B. new C. public D. famous 25. A. finally B. hardly C. quickly D. suddenly 九、阅读理解 A Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany, in 1879. His early life was not like that of a typical “smart kid.” Unlike other children, he learned to speak later than usual, and in traditional classrooms, he often seemed not to pay attention—some teachers even thought he might not be very smart. But deep down, he was extremely curious about how the universe works, and this curiosity would later lead him to make amazing scientific discoveries. When he grew up, Einstein became one of the most influential theoretical physicists in history. His most important work is the Theory of Relativity (相对论), which completely changed how we understand space, time, and gravity. This theory has two main parts: the Special Theory of Relativity (for objects moving at a constant (不变的) speed without gravity) and the General Theory of Relativity (for objects speeding up or under the influence of gravity). A key equation (公式) from this theory is E=mc²—it clearly shows that energy (E) and mass (m) are connected, with (c) being the speed of light in a vacuum (真空). This idea later helped develop nuclear physics. Besides his scientific achievements, Einstein was also a person who spoke up for peace and human rights. In the 1930s, when the Nazi government took power in Germany, Einstein had to leave the country. This was because he was Jewish, and the Nazis hated Jewish people. He moved to the United States and took a job at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. There, he kept doing important scientific research until the end of his career. Even though the Theory of Relativity made Einstein very famous, he won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics not for this theory (some scientists still discussed it at that time) but for explaining the photoelectric effect (光电效应). This effect happens when light of a certain type pushes electrons (电子) out of a material. His explanation provided key proof that light can act like tiny particles (粒子), and this helped build the basis for quantum mechanics (量子力学). In his free time, Einstein found comfort and new ideas in music. He was good at playing the violin and often played chamber music with friends. He thought music and science were connected—both needed people to find patterns and explore things we don’t yet understand. Einstein died in 1955 when he was 76 years old, but his ideas still matter today. His theories help guide modern physics, from studying black holes to making GPS (the system that helps us find places) work better. Also, his fight for peace still encourages scientists and activists all over the world. 1. What does the author want to show by mentioning “some teachers even thought he might not be very smart” in Einstein’s early life? A. Teachers in the past were not good at judging students. B. Einstein’s talents were not easy to see when he was young. C. Einstein didn’t work hard in his early school years. D. Traditional classrooms were not suitable for all students. 2. Which part of Einstein’s work helped develop nuclear physics? A. The photoelectric effect. B. The equation E=mc² from the Theory of Relativity. C. His research on quantum mechanics. D. His study of black holes. 3. What can we infer from the fact that Einstein won the Nobel Prize for the photoelectric effect instead of the Theory of Relativity? A. The photoelectric effect was easier to understand. B. The Theory of Relativity was not true at that time. C. Scientific achievements need time to be accepted. D. The Nobel Committee preferred practical research. 4. Why does the author mention “GPS” when talking about Einstein’s legacy? A. To show Einstein invented GPS technology. B. To give an example of how Einstein’s theories are used today. C. To explain what modern physics focuses on. D. To prove GPS is more important than black hole research. B There was a girl who read every book she could get her hands on, and who was dying to share what she learned with the world. She was Wang Zhenyi (1768—1797), a famous woman scientist and poet from the Qing dynasty. In the late 1700s, women were usually expected to cook, clean, and have babies. However, when Zhenyi was young, she wanted to learn everything. Her grandfather was once an official and had a collection of over 75 bookshelves. He was her first teacher in astronomy. Her father studied medical science and was the person who taught her medicine, geography, and math. Her grandmother was her teacher of poetry. Zhenyi learned a lot from her family, but that didn’t mean she just had her nose in a book. While Chinese scientists and philosophers had studied stars for ages, Zhenyi did something quite interesting and new. She used her skills and math knowledge to explain what was happening in the sky. When she was 23, to explain how solar and lunar eclipse (日食月食) happened, Zhenyi used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the sun and a round mirror to act as the moon. She moved the mirror around the table under the light and showed that when the sun, moon, and Earth were on a line, sunlight was stopped and so eclipse happened. At the age of 16, Zhenyi journeyed throughout the country with his father. As she did, she saw not only the beauty, but also the problems of her country—the rich were getting richer and paid the poor little attention. Zhenyi also noticed that women were often hidden away from the outside world, working at home for the family. She wanted to capture it all—each moment of her travels. She wanted other people to see, to know, to understand, so she wrote poems and showed them to the public. Zhenyi got married at the age of 25 and continued to work as an astronomer and poet but died young 4 years later. In total, Wang Zhenyi wrote more than 12 books about science and poems. While many of her writings have been lost, her helps to science continue to be studied today. And in 1994, scientists even named a crater on Venus (金星陨石坑) after her! As she famously wrote in one of her poems, “Do you not believe, daughters can also be heroic?” 1. What is the passage mainly about? A. The problem Wang Zhenyi found in her travel. B. The difficulties Wang Zhenyi faced in her life. C. The general details of Wang Zhenyi’s life story. D. The important discoveries made by Wang Zhenyi. 2. Which of the following best describes Wang’ family? A. Strict but interesting. B. Kind but uneducated. C. Helpful and hardworking. D. Supportive and open-minded. 3. Why was the journey with her father important to Wang Zhenyi? A. It allowed her to learn more about society. B. It helped her do better her study in stars. C. It got her to experience life of ordinary people. D. It let her believe that daughters can also be heroic. 4. What is the correct order for the following events from Wang’s life? a. She owned a crater named after her on Venus. b. She traveled nationwide and recorded what she saw. c. She showed the reason of eclipses using household objects. d. She received education in astronomy, medicine, and poetry. e. She got married and continued in scientific research and poetry. A. d-c-b-e-a B. d-b-c-e-a C. a-e-b-d-c D. a-c-b-d-e C阅读还原 A Guide to Personal Growth No matter who you are or where you live, the most important thing is what kind of person you are. 1 Among them, the following four qualities (品质) are the most helpful ones. Have a Positive Attitude (态度) Life is not always a bed of roses. When facing difficulties, don’t lose heart. Do you know what can help you manage to deal with difficulties? It’s your attitude. Cheer up! 2 When you smile at it, it will also smile at you. Keep Improving Yourself Maybe you are very busy now. Every day you have so many things to do that you can’t find much time to improve yourself. 3 Don’t be too confident in yourself, or you will fall behind others. Keeping improving yourself can help you succeed in the future. Be Creative In modern society, people with creative thinking are most needed. Being creative means thinking up new ideas and having a creative imagination. 4 Be Honest Honesty (诚实) is very important. 5 The one who keeps his word is popular everywhere. As long as you have these qualities mentioned above, you will be excellent and make a difference to the world. Albert Einstein once said, “Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value.” A. Life is like a mirror. B. Nobody likes a person who always tells lies. C. Those who are creative have more choices in their life. D. However, the world around you is changing all the time. E. There are many good qualities that can make you better in your life. （25·广州中考） When I was young, my father took me outside to see the stars. Once we saw a comet (彗星)! It was the first comet I’d seen but wasn’t the last. My name is Caroline Herschel. I was born in Hanover, Germany in 1750. When I was 22, I moved to England to stay with my older brother, William. He was a musician and he offered me singing lessons. I helped him with housework in return. I practiced hard and soon started singing at his concerts. Life changed when William became interested in astronomy. He read about space late into the night. Breakfast often turned into a lesson about stars. I learned a lot from him. And we even started working together on a big project: building telescopes—the special tools for seeing faraway things. To make the perfect mirrors for our telescopes, we heated metals and shaped them using special molds (模具). These molds were made from strange things, like dry horse waste. I had to break it into small bits. It was dirty work, but I didn’t mind. Someone had to do it. Making the mirrors smooth was very difficult. William invented a machine to help, but he still had to work without stopping for hours once he began. He couldn’t even stop to eat, so I fed him and read stories to keep him happy and relaxed. In 1781, William discovered something fantastic—a new planet! King George was so glad that he made William his astronomer. William made a telescope just for me. And I was able to search the sky along with him. On August 1, 1786, I found something special too—a comet! I watched it carefully for one more night and discovered it was real. Now everyone is talking about my comet. They call it the Lady’s Comet. This is the first comet I’ve ever discovered, but I don’t think it will be the last. Historical Note: After Caroline discovered her first comet, King George paid her to be William’s assistant (助手). She was one of the first women astronomers to be paid for her work. She went on to find seven more comets herself between 1786 and 1797. 1. Why did Caroline move to England? A. To live with her brother. B. To study at a music school. C. To sing at famous concerts. D. To look after a sick relative. 2. In what order did the following happen in Caroline’s life? a. She discovered her first comet.    b. Her brother built a telescope for her. c. Her brother became interested in space.    d. She built telescopes together with her brother. e. She got paid by King George to help with her brother’s work. A. c-d-b-a-e B. c-d-e-b-a C. c-b-d-a-e D. c-b-a-e-d 3. How many comets did Caroline discover by herself? A. One. B. Seven. C. Eight. D. Nine. 4. Which of the following best describes Caroline and William’s working relationship? A. Caroline gave William more help. B. Caroline had to do all the dirty work. C. William took care of most of the work. D. They were important to each other’s success. $