Unit 1 The Changing World 现在完成时(I)（核心语法精练）英语新教材仁爱科普版九年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦现在完成时与后缀-ment，通过知识结构化梳理、分层训练设计，系统构建语法知识体系，强化语言运用能力与思维逻辑性。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|专项01含6类核心内容+5例典型句式，专项02含5类构词规则+易错点|现在完成时分定义/结构/标志词/易混辨析/典型句式/误区6维度；后缀-ment涵盖构词规则/例词/句中功能/易错点|从概念（定义/功能）到规则（结构/构词法），再到应用（句式/例词），形成完整认知链条| |考点夯基|单选10题、填空10题、句型转换10题|针对标志词辨析/时态搭配/句式转换设题，强化基础运用|通过不同题型巩固语法规则，实现从理解到初步应用的过渡| |综合提升|完形15空、短文15空、选词8空|融合语法知识与语篇理解，训练语境中综合运用能力|从单句到语篇，提升语言运用的灵活性与思维品质|

Unit 1 The Changing World 核心语法精练 目录 知识回顾 2 专项01 现在完成时 (I) 2 专项02 后缀 -ment 3 考点夯基 4 一、单项选择 4 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 7 三、按要求完成句子 9 综合提升 11 四、完形填空 11 五、短文填空 14 六、选词填空 16 专项01 现在完成时 (I) 类别 核心内容 基本定义 表示_________发生的动作或起始的状态，强调对_________造成的影响或结果；也可表示从过去持续到现在的__________________，动作的时间背景不明确。 谓语结构 肯定式：主语 + _______________ + 动词_________ （主语为第三人称单数用_________，其余人称用_________） 否定式：主语 + _______________ + 动词_________ 疑问式：_______________ + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他？ 核心标志词 ▶ 模糊时间类 _________：多用于_________句，表 “已经” _________：表 “刚刚”，位于 have/has_________ _________/lately：表 “最近”，句首 / 句末均可 _________：多用于_________句，表 “曾经” _________：表 “从未”，本身含否定含义 ▶ 时长类 _________ + 时间段：表动作持续的时长 _________ + 过去时间点 / 从句：表动作起始的时间 ▶ 短语类 in the past/last + 时间段、so far、up to now 易混结构辨析 have been to + 地点：表示 “_________某地”，主语已_________，可搭配次数 have gone to + 地点：表示 “_________某地”，主语_________，不在现场 have been in + 地点：表示 “_________某地”，常与_________连用 典型句式 1. 描述变化：Great changes ________________ (take) place in my hometown. 2. 询问经历：—_________ you ever _________ (be) to Mount Jinggangshan? 3. 表述近况：She _________ just _________ (come) back from her summer trip. 4. 持续状态：I ________________ (live) here for ten years /since 2015. 5. 否定表述：He _________ never _________ (see) such a beautiful view. 常见误区 1. 混淆 have been to /have gone to /have been in 的用法 2. 混淆 for 与 since：for 接_________，since 接_________ 3. 将 yesterday、last week 等明确过去时间与现在完成时连用 4. 瞬间动词与时间段直接连用 5. 不规则动词过去分词拼写错误 专项02 后缀 -ment 类别 核心内容 基本功能 后缀 -ment 加在_________词后，构成_________词，表达 “行为、过程、状态、结果” 等含义。 构词规则 1. 多数动词直接加 -ment：develop → _________ 2. 以不发音 e 结尾的动词，多数保留 e 加 -ment：improve → _________ 3. 部分以 -ue 结尾的动词，去 e 加 -ment：argue → _________ 单元核心例词 娱乐：_________ 改善：improvement 成就： 争论：argument 支付：payment 移动： 协议：agreement 发展：_________ 鼓励：encouragement 句中功能 在句中可作____语、_____语、_____语；常被__________词修饰，如 great improvement。 常见易错点 1. 拼写错误：遗漏字母、错改词尾； 一、单项选择 1．—________ you ever ________ an online tour of ancient castles? —Yes, I have. It was fascinating. A．Did; take B．Have; take C．Did; taken D．Have; taken 2．________ your sister ________ the new film yet? A．Has; seen B．Have; seen C．Did; see D．Does; see 3．I ________ my email yesterday, but I haven’t ________ it today. A．checked; checked B．check; checked C．checked; check D．check; check 4．I’ve just _________ reading this novel. A．finish B．finishes C．finished D．finishing 5．—________ you ________ your book report yet? —Not yet. I need one more day. A．Did; finish B．Do; finish C．Have; finished D．Will; finish 6．—Have you ever been to Shanghai? —Yes, I __________ there twice. A．have gone B．have been C．went D．had been 7．—Have you ever ________ the Great Wall? —Yes, I went there last summer. A．gone to B．been to C．been in D．come to 8．—Is your father at home, Jack? —No, he isn’t. He ________ New York. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in D．has left 9．—Nice to see you. I ________ you for a long time. —I________ in Beijing. I’ve just come back. A．didn’t see; am B．haven’t seen; was C．didn’t see; was D．haven’t seen; am 10．—________ you ever  ________ the movie Hi, Mom? —Yes, I ________ it with my parents last Spring Festival. A．Did; see; have seen B．Have; seen; saw C．Did; see; saw D．Have; seen; have seen 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．— Where is Tom?— He ________ (go) to the library. 2．My brother ________ (go) to France already. 3．My sister ________ (be) to the Great Wall twice. 4．She ________ (not finish) her book report yet. 5．— ________ you ________ (finish) reading The Final Problem? — Not yet. 6．Recently, more and more people have ________ (choose) to visit Zhangye during holidays. 7．When I get home, I find that my brother has already ________ (finish) his homework. 8．I have just ________ (experience) a new way of learning. 9．She has never ________ (hear) of the writer H.G. Wells before. 10．— ________ you ever ________ (see) such a beautiful lake? —No, never. 三、按要求完成句子 1．Have you ever seen the movie? ________, ________ ________.(作肯定回答) ________, ________ ________.(作否定回答) 2．He has lived in Beijing for three years.  (对划线部分提问) ________ has he ________ for three years? 3．They have cleaned the classroom.(对划线部分提问) ________ have they ________? 4．He has visited the historical museum.（用never改写句子） He ________ ________ ________ the historical museum. 5．I have been to the Great Wall before. （对画线部分提问） ________ ________ you been before? 6．They have ever visited the Great Wall.(一般疑问句) ________ they ever ________ the Great Wall? 7．She has finished her homework already.（改为否定句） She ________ ________ her homework yet. 8．交通工具已经改变了许多。 Transportation ________ ________ a lot. 9．I have been to Ocean Park. (改为一般疑问句) ________ you ________ ________ ________ Ocean Park? 10．——陈洁读过这本书了吗？ ——没有，但是她已经从图书馆把它借来了。 —________ Chen Jie ________ this book ________? —No, but she’s ________ it ________ the library. 四、完形填空 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 Grandma Wang is 78 years old. She has seen the great changes in her village with her own eyes for more than 60 years. When Grandma Wang was young, the village was very 1 . There were only narrow muddy roads in the village. People had to walk or ride bikes to get around. On rainy days, the roads became so 2 that people could hardly walk. Most families lived in old and broken houses. They 3 had enough food to eat, let alone new clothes. At that time, the only 4 for children was to study hard to get out of the village. However, 5 has changed greatly since the 1980s. With the support of the government, the villagers have 6 wide and clean roads across the whole village. Rows of new houses with bright windows have taken the place of the old ones. Every family has TVs and fridges, and many even have private 7 . The changes are not only in daily life. The village has also 8 a primary school and a community hospital. Children no longer need to walk a long way to study. The elderly can get 9 medical care near their homes. What’s more, the village has developed a special fruit planting 10 . It has helped lots of villagers get rich without leaving their hometown. Grandma Wang often says, “I 11 thought life could be so good in the past. We are living a happy life now. All these 12 come from the good policies of the government and the hard work of the villagers.” Now, Grandma Wang 13 most of her time in the village square. She dances with other elderly people in the morning, and chats with her friends in the afternoon. She says she is 14 of her village, and she hopes the young people can 15 to work hard to make the village even better in the future. 1．A．rich B．poor C．clean D．quiet 2．A．smooth B．wide C．dirty D．dry 3．A．always B．often C．sometimes D．hardly 4．A．stress B．choice C．problem D．trouble 5．A．everything B．nothing C．anything D．something 6．A．built B．bought C．brought D．broken 7．A．trains B．buses C．bikes D．cars 8．A．set up B．put up C．taken up D．made up 9．A．expensive B．difficult C．convenient D．cheap 10．A．project B．industry C．product D．goal 11．A．ever B．always C．never D．often 12．A．changes B．prizes C．awards D．chances 13．A．takes B．pays C．costs D．spends 14．A．tired B．proud C．afraid D．careful 15．A．continue B．stop C．forget D．refuse 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Clark comes from a small mountain village. To him, rural (乡村) life is truly wonderful. The 1.__________(true) is that the people are very 2.__________ (friend), and the air is fresh. He 3.__________ (enjoy) working 4.__________ the fields, planting 5.__________ (potato) and other crops. In his free time, he usually plays 6.__________ guitar to relax himself. This village 7.__________ (develop) rapidly now. Life is becoming 8.__________ (rich) and more convenient. Roads are much safer, and people can travel 9.__________ (polite) and comfortably. Many villagers, including his family, have 10.__________ (buy) cars and drive to nearby towns nearly every week. They can sell 11.__________ (they) products and support themselves better. Clark’s father used to be a 12.__________ (farm) who paid less attention to new technology, 13.__________now he learns modern farming methods. Clark is proud of his hometown and decides 14.__________(work) hard to build it. He believes that the mountain village 15.__________ (get) better and better in the future. 六、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其正确形式填空，每词限用一次。 amuse, agree, develop, encourage, move, pay, achieve , argue Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the years. With the fast 1. __________ of the local economy, people's lives are getting better. A new park with an 2. __________ center was built last year. It offers fun for people of all ages. The 3. __________ of the environment is also surprising. The rivers are clean again, and there are more green trees everywhere. Years ago, there was often an 4. __________ about whether to build a new road. Now the project is finished, and the 5. __________ of goods and people becomes much smoother. People have reached an 6. __________ that the changes are good for everyone. We have made many 7. __________ in improving people's lives. The government also calls on people to work hard, and this 8. __________ gives us more power to build a better hometown. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 The Changing World 核心语法精练 目录 知识回顾 2 专项01 现在完成时 (I) 2 专项02 后缀 -ment 3 考点夯基 4 一、单项选择 4 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 7 三、按要求完成句子 9 综合提升 11 四、完形填空 11 五、短文填空 14 六、选词填空 16 专项01 现在完成时 (I) 类别 核心内容 基本定义 表示过去发生的动作或起始的状态，强调对现在造成的影响或结果；也可表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，动作的时间背景不明确。 谓语结构 肯定式：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 （主语为第三人称单数用has，其余人称用have） 否定式：主语 + haven’t / hasn’t + 动词过去分词 疑问式：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他？ 核心标志词 ▶ 模糊时间类 already：多用于肯定句，表 “已经” just：表 “刚刚”，位于 have/has之后 recently/lately：表 “最近”，句首 / 句末均可 ever：多用于疑问句，表 “曾经” never：表 “从未”，本身含否定含义 ▶ 时长类 for + 时间段：表动作持续的时长 since + 过去时间点 / 从句：表动作起始的时间 ▶ 短语类 in the past/last + 时间段、so far、up to now 易混结构辨析 have been to + 地点：表示 “去过某地”，主语已返回，可搭配次数 have gone to + 地点：表示 “去了某地”，主语未回，不在现场 have been in + 地点：表示 “待在某地”，常与时间段连用 典型句式 1. 描述变化：Great changes have taken (take) place in my hometown. 2. 询问经历：—Have you ever been (be) to Mount Jinggangshan? 3. 表述近况：She has just come (come) back from her summer trip. 4. 持续状态：I have lived (live) here for ten years / since 2015. 5. 否定表述：He has never seen (see) such a beautiful view. 常见误区 1. 混淆 have been to /have gone to /have been in 的用法 2. 否定句、疑问句中误用already（应用 yet） 3. 混淆 for 与 since：for 接时间段，since 接时间点 4. 将 yesterday、last week 等明确过去时间与现在完成时连用 5. 瞬间动词与时间段直接连用 6. 不规则动词过去分词拼写错误 专项02 后缀 -ment 类别 核心内容 基本功能 后缀 -ment 加在动词后，构成名词，表达 “行为、过程、状态、结果” 等含义。 构词规则 1. 多数动词直接加 -ment：develop → development 2. 以不发音 e 结尾的动词，多数保留 e 加 -ment：improve → improvement 3. 部分以 -ue 结尾的动词，去 e 加 -ment：argue → argument 核心例词 娱乐：amusement 改善：improvement 成就：achievement 争论：argument 支付：payment 移动：movement 协议：agreement 发展：development 鼓励：encouragement 句中功能 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语；常被形容词修饰，如 great improvement。 常见易错点 1. 拼写错误：遗漏字母、错改词尾； 一、单项选择 1．—________ you ever ________ an online tour of ancient castles? —Yes, I have. It was fascinating. A．Did; take B．Have; take C．Did; taken D．Have; taken 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你曾经在线游览过古代城堡吗？——是的，我去过。那体验太吸引人了。 根据“…you ever…an online tour of ancient castles?”可知，句中ever是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，且答句用Yes, I have.回应，直接对应现在完成时的一般疑问句结构，Have是现在完成时的助动词；动词take的过去分词为taken。应填Have；taken。 2．________ your sister ________ the new film yet? A．Has; seen B．Have; seen C．Did; see D．Does; see 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你妹妹看过那部新电影吗？ Has; seen看过，现在完成时，动词第三人称单数；Have; seen看过，现在完成时，动词原形；Did; see看见，一般过去时；Does; see看见，一般现在时，动词第三人称单数。根据“yet”可知，本句使用现在完成时，主语your sister是第三人称单数，应填Has; seen。 3．I ________ my email yesterday, but I haven’t ________ it today. A．checked; checked B．check; checked C．checked; check D．check; check 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我昨天查看了我的电子邮件，但今天还没有查看。 根据“yesterday”可知，第一空所在句时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式checked；根据“haven’t”可知，第二空所在句时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”，所以第二空应用checked。 4．I’ve just _________ reading this novel. A．finish B．finishes C．finished D．finishing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我刚刚读完这本小说。 根据“I’ve just”可知，I’ve 是I have的缩写，助动词have后接动词过去分词构成现在完成时，just是现在完成时的标志词。应填finished。 5．—________ you ________ your book report yet? —Not yet. I need one more day. A．Did; finish B．Do; finish C．Have; finished D．Will; finish 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你已经完成你的读书报告了吗？——还没有。我还需要一天时间。 根据句末的“yet”以及答语“Not yet”可知，该句强调动作是否已经完成以及对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，其一般疑问句结构为“Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词+其他？”。本句中主语为you，助动词用Have，finish过去分词为finished。 6．—Have you ever been to Shanghai? —Yes, I __________ there twice. A．have gone B．have been C．went D．had been 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你曾经去过上海吗？——是的，我去过那里两次。 根据问句“Have you ever been...”及答句中的“twice”可知，此处强调过去的经历对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为“have/has+done”。而“have been to+地点”表示“去过某地(已回来)”，“have gone to+地点”表示“去了某地(未回来)”。说话人正在回答问题，说明已经回来，且there为副词，前面不加 to，应用have been。 7．—Have you ever ________ the Great Wall? —Yes, I went there last summer. A．gone to B．been to C．been in D．come to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你曾经去过长城吗？——是的，我去年夏天去的。 have gone to去了某地（还没回来）；have been to去过某地（已经回来）；have been in一直待在某地；have come to已来到（不与时间段连用，强调动作已完成，对现在产生影响）。根据答语“Yes, I went there last summer.”可知说话人现在不在长城，而是强调去过的经历，应该用have been to。 8．—Is your father at home, Jack? —No, he isn’t. He ________ New York. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in D．has left 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——杰克，你父亲在家吗？——不，他不在。他去了纽约。 has gone to已经去了，目前还在那里/尚未回来；has been to曾经去过，现已回来；has been in已经在某地待了一段时间，强调停留状态；has left已经离开了。根据“No, he isn’t.”可知，父亲去了纽约，还没回来，应填has gone to。 9．—Nice to see you. I ________ you for a long time. —I________ in Beijing. I’ve just come back. A．didn’t see; am B．haven’t seen; was C．didn’t see; was D．haven’t seen; am 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——很高兴见到你。我很久没见到你了。——我当时在北京。我刚刚才回来。 考查动词时态辨析。根据第一空所在句的时间状语“for a long time”及语境可知，第一句指动作从过去持续到现在，强调对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为“haven’t/hasn’t done sth.”，且主语I为第一人称，助动词应用haven’t；see的过去分词形式为seen；又第二空答句“我刚回来”，说明“在北京”应是过去的状态，时态应为一般过去时，且主语I为第一人称，be动词应用was。故选B。 10．—________ you ever  ________ the movie Hi, Mom? —Yes, I ________ it with my parents last Spring Festival. A．Did; see; have seen B．Have; seen; saw C．Did; see; saw D．Have; seen; have seen 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你曾经看过电影《你好，李焕英》吗？——是的，我去年春节和我的父母一起看了。 问句询问“是否看过这部电影”，强调过去动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，结构为“Have/Has+主语+过去分词”，主语是you，助动词用Have，see的过去分词是seen；答句中时间状语“last Spring Festival”表示过去的具体时间，应用一般过去时，see的过去式是saw，B项正确。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．— Where is Tom?— He ________ (go) to the library. 【答案】has gone 【详解】句意：——汤姆在哪里？——他去图书馆了。问句询问汤姆当前的位置，说明他不在现场，已经去了某地还未回来，这种情况要用现在完成时has/have gone to，主语He是第三人称单数，用has gone。 2．My brother ________ (go) to France already. 【答案】 has gone 【详解】句意：我哥哥已经去法国了。句中副词“already”是现在完成时的标志词，表示动作已经发生且对现在造成影响（人目前不在此地）；主语“My brother”是第三人称单数，“has gone to”表示“去了某地（未返回）”，因此填写“has gone”。 3．My sister ________ (be) to the Great Wall twice. 【答案】has been 【详解】句意：我妹妹去过长城两次。句中的twice（两次）是现在完成时的标志词，表示“过去的动作对现在的影响”（即“已经去过两次”）。主语My sister是第三人称单数，现在完成时的结构为has+过去分词。be动词的过去分词been，用于现在完成时。 4．She ________ (not finish) her book report yet. 【答案】hasn’t finished 【详解】句意：她还没有完成她的读书报告。“yet”是现在完成时的标志词，常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“还、尚”，说明动作到目前为止尚未完成，因此本句需使用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”。句子主语是“She”，为第三人称单数，因此助动词用“has”，否定形式为“has not”，缩写为“hasn’t”。括号中所给动词“finish”的过去分词是“finished”。 5．— ________ you ________ (finish) reading The Final Problem? — Not yet. 【答案】 Have finished 【详解】句意：——你读完《最后一案》了吗？——还没有。答句Not yet.（还没有） 是现在完成时的典型标志，该时态强调动作是否已经完成，对当下产生影响。现在完成时一般疑问句结构：Have/Has +主语+动词过去分词。本句主语为you（第二人称），对应的助动词用Have（句首单词首字母必须大写）；实义动词finish的过去分词形式为finished。 6．Recently, more and more people have ________ (choose) to visit Zhangye during holidays. 【答案】chosen 【详解】句意：最近，越来越多的人选择在假期前往张掖游玩。根据“Recently”及助动词“have”可知，本句是现在完成时，结构为“have+动词过去分词”。choose的过去分词是chosen。 7．When I get home, I find that my brother has already ________ (finish) his homework. 【答案】finished 【详解】句意：当我回到家时，我发现弟弟已经写完作业了。already是现在完成时的标志词，题干已经给出助动词has，此处需要用finish的过去分词finished。 8．I have just ________ (experience) a new way of learning. 【答案】experienced 【详解】句意：我刚刚体验了一种新的学习方式。句中的“just”是现在完成时的标志词，空前已经有助动词have，因此，空处应填experience的过去分词experienced。 9．She has never ________ (hear) of the writer H.G. Wells before. 【答案】heard 【详解】句意：她以前从未听说过作家H.G.威尔斯。句子出现助动词has，结合never和before，可知本句用现在完成时，结构为：have/has+动词过去分词。hear的过去分词为heard。 10．— ________ you ever ________ (see) such a beautiful lake? —No, never. 【答案】 Have seen 【详解】句意：——你曾经见过这么美丽的湖吗？——不，从来没有。句中“ever”和答语中的“never”是现在完成时的标志性词汇，现在完成时的一般疑问句结构为“Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？”。主语“you”是第二人称，所以助动词用“Have”；“see”的过去分词是“seen”，故填Have；seen。 三、按要求完成句子 1．Have you ever seen the movie? ________, ________ ________.(作肯定回答) ________, ________ ________.(作否定回答) 【答案】 Yes I have No I haven’t 【详解】句意：你看过这部电影吗？疑问句主语为you，答句中主语转换为I，现在完成时一般疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, I have，否定回答为No, I haven’t，故填 Yes；I；have；No；I；haven’t。 2．He has lived in Beijing for three years.  (对划线部分提问) ________ has he ________ for three years? 【答案】 Where lived 【详解】句意：他已经在北京住了三年了。句子划线部分“in Beijing”表示地点，对地点提问应用where，置于句首，首字母要大写；原句为现在完成时 (has lived)，提问时需将助动词“has”置于疑问词和主语“he”之间，同时保留谓语动词的过去分词“lived”，其余成分不变。故填 Where；lived。 3．They have cleaned the classroom.(对划线部分提问) ________ have they ________? 【答案】 What done 【详解】句意：他们已经打扫了教室。划线部分为cleaned the classroom，是对事件进行提问，应用特殊疑问词What，置于句首，首字母大写，句子为现在完成时，用实义动词do的过去分词done替代划线的具体动作。故填What；done。 4．He has visited the historical museum.（用never改写句子） He ________ ________ ________ the historical museum. 【答案】 has never visited 【详解】句意：他从未参观过这座历史博物馆。never是表示否定的频度副词，放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，故填has；never；visited。 5．I have been to the Great Wall before. （对画线部分提问） ________ ________ you been before? 【答案】 Where have 【详解】句意：我以前去过长城。画线部分“the Great Wall”是地点，要用where提问；原句是现在完成时，原句主语I变成疑问句时，要转换成you，助动词用have， 放在where后面，句首首字母大写。故填Where；have。 6．They have ever visited the Great Wall.(一般疑问句) ________ they ever ________ the Great Wall? 【答案】 Have visited 【详解】句意：他们曾经参观过长城。原句为现在完成时 (have+过去分词)，改为一般疑问句时，需将助动词Have提到主语they前面，动词仍用过去分词visited，ever保留在主语之后。 7．She has finished her homework already.（改为否定句） She ________ ________ her homework yet. 【答案】 hasn’t finished 【详解】句意：她还没有完成她的作业。原句是现在完成时，结构为“助动词 has + 过去分词 finished”。现在完成时变否定句，需在助动词has后加not，缩写为hasn’t，谓语动词finished保留。 8．交通工具已经改变了许多。 Transportation ________ ________ a lot. 【答案】 has changed 【详解】原句中“已经该变”是关键词，表示“已经改变”的表达是has changed。“已经”表明动作发生在过去但对现在有影响，应使用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语“Transportation”（交通工具）是不可数名词，视为第三人称单数，因此助动词选用has。“改变”的英文单词是change，其过去分词形式为changed。 9．I have been to Ocean Park. (改为一般疑问句) ________ you ________ ________ ________ Ocean Park? 【答案】 Have ever been to 【详解】句意：我去过海洋公园。句子为现在完成时，改为一般疑问句需要将助动词have提前，主语I改为you。ever用于疑问句中加强语气，意为“曾经”。句首首字母大写。 10．——陈洁读过这本书了吗？ ——没有，但是她已经从图书馆把它借来了。 —________ Chen Jie ________ this book ________? —No, but she’s ________ it ________ the library. 【答案】 Has read yet borrowed from 【详解】原句中“读过……了吗、从……借来了”是关键词，表示“读过……了吗”可用现在完成时：have/has+过去分词来表达，主语Chen Jie是第三人称单数，助动词用Has置于句首构成疑问句，动词 read的过去分词形式仍是read，现在完成时的疑问句末，使用yet来表示“已经”或“还”；表示“从……借来了”的短语是borrow…from…，同样使用现在完成时，borrow的过去分词为borrowed，介词不变。 四、完形填空 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 Grandma Wang is 78 years old. She has seen the great changes in her village with her own eyes for more than 60 years. When Grandma Wang was young, the village was very 1 . There were only narrow muddy roads in the village. People had to walk or ride bikes to get around. On rainy days, the roads became so 2 that people could hardly walk. Most families lived in old and broken houses. They 3 had enough food to eat, let alone new clothes. At that time, the only 4 for children was to study hard to get out of the village. However, 5 has changed greatly since the 1980s. With the support of the government, the villagers have 6 wide and clean roads across the whole village. Rows of new houses with bright windows have taken the place of the old ones. Every family has TVs and fridges, and many even have private 7 . The changes are not only in daily life. The village has also 8 a primary school and a community hospital. Children no longer need to walk a long way to study. The elderly can get 9 medical care near their homes. What’s more, the village has developed a special fruit planting 10 . It has helped lots of villagers get rich without leaving their hometown. Grandma Wang often says, “I 11 thought life could be so good in the past. We are living a happy life now. All these 12 come from the good policies of the government and the hard work of the villagers.” Now, Grandma Wang 13 most of her time in the village square. She dances with other elderly people in the morning, and chats with her friends in the afternoon. She says she is 14 of her village, and she hopes the young people can 15 to work hard to make the village even better in the future. 1．A．rich B．poor C．clean D．quiet 2．A．smooth B．wide C．dirty D．dry 3．A．always B．often C．sometimes D．hardly 4．A．stress B．choice C．problem D．trouble 5．A．everything B．nothing C．anything D．something 6．A．built B．bought C．brought D．broken 7．A．trains B．buses C．bikes D．cars 8．A．set up B．put up C．taken up D．made up 9．A．expensive B．difficult C．convenient D．cheap 10．A．project B．industry C．product D．goal 11．A．ever B．always C．never D．often 12．A．changes B．prizes C．awards D．chances 13．A．takes B．pays C．costs D．spends 14．A．tired B．proud C．afraid D．careful 15．A．continue B．stop C．forget D．refuse 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了王奶奶亲眼见证家乡六十多年间的巨大变迁，从过去的贫穷落后到如今的富裕便利，展现了乡村的发展与进步。 1．句意：王奶奶年轻时，村子非常贫穷。 根据后文“There were only narrow muddy roads... Most families lived in old and broken houses”可知，村子过去条件很差，poor“贫穷的”符合语境。rich“富裕的”、clean“干净的”、quiet“安静的”均不合语境。 2．句意：下雨天，道路变得如此泥泞，以至于人们几乎无法行走。 前文提到道路是“narrow muddy roads”，因此下雨天道路会变得“泥泞不堪”。dirty“脏的，泥泞的”符合语境。smooth“平坦的”、wide“宽阔的”、dry“干燥的”均不合语境。 3．句意：他们几乎没有足够的食物吃，更不用说新衣服了。 根据前文描述的贫困生活，此处指人们几乎不能吃饱。hardly“几乎不”符合语境。always“总是”、often“经常”、sometimes“有时”均不合语境。 4．句意：那时，孩子们唯一的出路就是努力学习离开村子。 根据语境，在贫困的村子里，学习是孩子们唯一的选择。choice“选择”符合语境。stress“压力”、problem“问题”、trouble“麻烦”均不符合语境。 5．句意：然而，自20世纪80年代以来，一切都发生了巨大变化。 根据后文描述的道路、房屋、设施的变化，此处指一切都变了。everything“一切”符合语境。nothing“什么都没有”、anything“任何事物”、something“某物”均不合语境。 6．句意：在政府的支持下，村民们在全村修建了宽阔干净的道路。 根据“wide and clean roads”可知，此处指修建了道路。built“修建”符合语境。bought“购买”、brought“带来”、broken“打破”，均不合语境。 7．句意：每家都有电视和冰箱，许多家庭甚至有私家车。 根据语境，此处指富裕起来后村民有了私人汽车。cars“汽车”符合语境。trains“火车”、buses“公交车”、bikes“自行车”均不合语境。 8．句意：村子还建立了一所小学和一个社区医院。 根据“a primary school and a community hospital”可知，此处指建立了学校和医院。set up“建立”符合语境。put up“张贴，搭建”、taken up“开始从事”、made up“编造”均不合语境。 9．句意：老年人可以在家附近获得便捷的医疗服务。 前文提到建立了社区医院，因此老年人就医变得方便。convenient“方便的”符合语境。expensive“昂贵的”、difficult“困难的”、cheap“便宜的”均不合语境。 10．句意：此外，村子还发展了一个特色水果种植产业。 根据后文“It has helped lots of villagers get rich”可知，此处指发展了产业。industry“产业”符合语境。project“项目”、product“产品”、goal“目标”均不合语境。 11．句意：我过去从未想到生活会变得这么好。 根据语境，王奶奶感慨现在的生活，因此是从未想过生活会变得这么好。never“从未”符合语境。ever“曾经”、always“总是”、often“经常”均不合语境。 12．句意：所有这些变化都来自政府的好政策和村民的辛勤劳动。 前文一直在讲村子的变化，因此此处指这些变化。changes“变化”符合语境。prizes“奖品”、awards“奖项”、chances“机会”均不合语境。 13．句意：现在，王奶奶大部分时间都在村子广场上度过。 根据语境，此处指花费时间在广场上。spends“花费（时间）”符合语境。takes“花费（常用it作形式主语）”、pays“支付（金钱）”、costs“花费（金钱，主语为物）”均不合语境。 14．句意：她说她为自己的村子感到骄傲。 根据前文描述的村子的巨大变化，王奶奶应该是骄傲的。proud“骄傲的”符合语境。tired“疲惫的”、afraid“害怕的”、careful“小心的”，均不合语境。 15．句意：她希望年轻人能继续努力，让村子在未来变得更好。 根据语境，此处指希望年轻人继续努力。continue“继续”符合语境。stop“停止”、forget“忘记”、refuse“拒绝”均不合语境。 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Clark comes from a small mountain village. To him, rural (乡村) life is truly wonderful. The 1.__________(true) is that the people are very 2.__________ (friend), and the air is fresh. He 3.__________ (enjoy) working 4.__________ the fields, planting 5.__________ (potato) and other crops. In his free time, he usually plays 6.__________ guitar to relax himself. This village 7.__________ (develop) rapidly now. Life is becoming 8.__________ (rich) and more convenient. Roads are much safer, and people can travel 9.__________ (polite) and comfortably. Many villagers, including his family, have 10.__________ (buy) cars and drive to nearby towns nearly every week. They can sell 11.__________ (they) products and support themselves better. Clark’s father used to be a 12.__________ (farm) who paid less attention to new technology, 13.__________now he learns modern farming methods. Clark is proud of his hometown and decides 14.__________(work) hard to build it. He believes that the mountain village 15.__________ (get) better and better in the future. 【答案】 1．truth 2．friendly 3．enjoys 4．in 5．potatoes 6．the 7．is developing 8．richer 9．politely 10．bought 11．their 12．farmer 13．but 14．to work 15．will get 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Clark来自的小山村以及村庄的发展变化，同时讲述了Clark父亲的变化和Clark对家乡的期望。 1．句意：事实上，人们非常友好，空气也很新鲜。此处作主语应该用名词，true的名词形式为truth，意为“事实”；根据“is”可知，主语应为单数。故填truth。 2．句意：事实上，人们非常友好，空气也很新鲜。此处作表语应该用形容词，friend的形容词形式为friendly，意为“友好的”。故填friendly。 3．句意：他喜欢在田里干活，种土豆和其他作物。此处作谓语，应该用动词；根据“planting…crops”可知句子使用一般现在时，主语是“He”，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式enjoys。故填enjoys。 4．句意：他喜欢在田里干活，种土豆和其他作物。根据“working…the fields”可知，此处是指在田地里干活，in“在……里面”。故填in。 5．句意：他喜欢在田里干活，种土豆和其他作物。此处表示泛指，应该用名词复数，potato的复数形式为potatoes。故填potatoes。 6．句意：在他的空闲时间，他通常弹吉他来放松自己。根据“plays…guitar”可知，表示弹奏乐器，应该用定冠词the，play the guitar“弹吉他”。故填the。 7．句意：这个村庄现在发展很快。此处作谓语，应该用动词；根据“now”可知句子使用现在进行时，主语是“This village”，be动词用is，develop的现在分词形式为developing。故填is developing。 8．句意：生活变得越来越富裕和方便。根据“and more convenient”可知，此处用rich的比较级richer“更富裕的”，与“more convenient”构成并列关系。故填richer。 9．句意：道路更安全了，人们可以礼貌而舒适地出行。此处修饰动词“travel”应该用副词，polite的副词形式为politely“礼貌地”。故填politely。 10．句意：许多村民，包括他的家人，都买了车，几乎每周都开车去附近的城镇。此处作谓语，应该用动词，根据“have”和“nearly every week”可知，是现在完成时，have done，buy的过去分词为bought。故填bought。 11．句意：他们可以出售自己的产品，更好地养活自己。此处修饰名词“products”应该用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词为their“他们的”。故填their。 12．句意：Clark的父亲曾经是一个不太关注新技术的农民，但现在他学习了现代农业方法。“a”后接可数名词单数，farm的名词形式farmer意为“农民”。故填farmer。 13．句意：Clark的父亲过去是个不太关注新技术的农民，但现在他学习了现代农业方法。设空处前讲的是“过去”，设空处后讲的是“现在”，前后构成转折关系，应该用but连接。故填but。 14．句意：Clark为他的家乡感到骄傲，并决定努力建设它。decide to do sth“决定做某事”，固定搭配，这里应用动词不定式to work。故填to work。 15．句意：他相信这个山村将来会越来越好。根据“in the future”可知，此处用一般将来时will do。故填will get。 六、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其正确形式填空，每词限用一次。 amuse, agree, develop, encourage, move, pay, achieve , argue Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the years. With the fast 1. __________ of the local economy, people's lives are getting better. A new park with an 2. __________ center was built last year. It offers fun for people of all ages. The 3. __________ of the environment is also surprising. The rivers are clean again, and there are more green trees everywhere. Years ago, there was often an 4. __________ about whether to build a new road. Now the project is finished, and the 5. __________ of goods and people becomes much smoother. People have reached an 6. __________ that the changes are good for everyone. We have made many 7. __________ in improving people's lives. The government also calls on people to work hard, and this 8. __________ gives us more power to build a better hometown. 【答案】 1. development 2. amusement 3. improvement 4. argument 5. movement 6. agreement 7. achievements 8. encouragement 【解析】 1. 定冠词 the 后接名词，the fast development of... 表示 “…… 的快速发展”。 2. 修饰名词 center 用名词作定语，amusement center 意为 “娱乐中心”。 3. 定冠词 the 后接名词作主语，improvement 意为 “改善”，符合语境。 4. 不定冠词 an 后接可数名词单数，argument 意为 “争论”，符合 “关于是否修路有争议” 的语境。 5. 定冠词 the 后接名词作主语，movement 意为 “流动、移动”，指人和货物的流通。 6. reach an agreement 为固定搭配，意为 “达成共识”。 7. many 后接可数名词复数，make achievements 意为 “取得成就”。 8. 指示代词 this 后接名词，encouragement 意为 “鼓励”，符合语境。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $